CN107084703A - A kind of tunnel subsidence monitoring system - Google Patents
A kind of tunnel subsidence monitoring system Download PDFInfo
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- CN107084703A CN107084703A CN201710455073.3A CN201710455073A CN107084703A CN 107084703 A CN107084703 A CN 107084703A CN 201710455073 A CN201710455073 A CN 201710455073A CN 107084703 A CN107084703 A CN 107084703A
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- obliquity sensor
- car
- measurement car
- wheel
- monitoring system
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C5/00—Measuring height; Measuring distances transverse to line of sight; Levelling between separated points; Surveyors' levels
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of tunnel subsidence monitoring system, be included in some inclinometer pipes for connecting successively along the axial direction in tunnel on tunnel inner wall and can in inclinometer pipe adherent operation measurement car, measure car and be provided with wheel, each wheel is arranged on measurement car by corresponding pre-compressing device;Measure car and be provided with the first obliquity sensor, the second obliquity sensor, difference amplifier, analog-digital converter, ZigBee emitters, single-chip microcomputer, and the stepper motor of the wheel constant revolution of measurement car can be driven under single-chip microcomputer control;Single-chip microcomputer obtains position of the measurement car in inclinometer pipe by the number of turns of wheel constant revolution;The output end of first obliquity sensor connects the INA+ ends of difference amplifier, the output end of second obliquity sensor connects the INA ends of difference amplifier, the output end of difference amplifier connects the input of analog-digital converter, the output end connection ZigBee emitters of analog-digital converter;Single-chip microcomputer connects ZigBee emitters.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of tunnel subsidence monitoring system of engineering construction field.
Background technology
Shield-bored tunnels are embedded in below ground as other hypogee structures, its tunnel internal temperature, humidity with
Ground is different and little with seasonal variations.During subway tunnel normal operation, train operation density is high, the work that train is triggered
Fill in wind, vibration all can produce influence to structure and monitoring apparatus, along with the laws and regulations of Shield-bored tunnels management are to tunnel
Road internal mechanical is installed, line arrangement has strict regulation, and these all propose unique requirements to Shield-bored tunnels monitoring.
For the monitoring of Shield-bored tunnels Longitudinal Settlement, mainly there are following methods:
Static level monitoring can realize a certain degree of automation and digitlization, in tunnel structure sedimentation and deformation Risk Monitoring
In be commonly used, but its equipment instrument is larger, and inconvenience is installed, and is not suitable for the discrepancy in elevation and is changed greatly section;Can be by temperature, gas
The influence of the factors such as pressure, gravity anomaly.
The artificial measurement of the level is widely used, and method is ripe, and instrument price is cheap.But need staff to hold instrument entrance
Tunnel, therefore the round-the-clock monitoring in operation phase tunnel can not be realized, it is only used for the tunnel of non-operation state, and artificial level
Measurement is time-consuming to take a lot of work, inefficiency.
Electric horizon rule is a kind of precision, resolving power is high and sensor that stability is good, easy for installation, in Metro
In use, not only can guarantee that the normal operation of subway, and Real-time Monitoring Data and change curve can be provided incessantly.But
Its disposable input is high, and recycling rate of waterused is low.
The content of the invention
The invention aims to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, there is provided a kind of tunnel subsidence monitoring system, its volume
It is small, be easily installed, reusable, automaticity is high, and can be monitored under operation condition.
Realizing a kind of technical scheme of above-mentioned purpose is:A kind of tunnel subsidence monitoring system, is included in edge on tunnel inner wall
Some inclinometer pipes that the axial direction in the tunnel connects successively and can in the inclinometer pipe adherent operation measurement car, it is described
Measure car and be provided with wheel, each wheel is arranged on the measurement car by corresponding pre-compressing device;
The measurement car provided with the first obliquity sensor, the second obliquity sensor, difference amplifier, analog-digital converter,
ZigBee emitters, single-chip microcomputer, and the wheel constant revolution of the measurement car can be driven under single-chip microcomputer control
Stepper motor;The single-chip microcomputer obtains position of the measurement car in the inclinometer pipe by the number of turns of the wheel constant revolution
Put;
The output end of first obliquity sensor connects the INA+ ends of the difference amplifier, the second inclination angle sensing
The output end of device connects the INA- ends of the difference amplifier, and the output end of the difference amplifier connects the analog-digital converter
Input, the output end of the analog-digital converter connects the ZigBee emitters;
The single-chip microcomputer connects the ZigBee emitters;
The X-axis of first obliquity sensor and second obliquity sensor is with the measurement car in the inclinometer pipe
Direction of displacement it is parallel and in opposite direction, the Y-axis of first obliquity sensor and second obliquity sensor with it is described
Measure direction of vibration of the car in the inclinometer pipe identical;
The first obliquity sensor generation is vibrated with the measurement car in the inclinometer pipe internal vibration corresponding first to be believed
Number, and with the measurement car in corresponding first displacement signal of the inclinometer pipe intrinsic displacement;The second obliquity sensor life
Into with the measurement car in corresponding second vibration signal of the inclinometer pipe internal vibration, and with the measurement car in inclinometer pipe
The corresponding second displacement signal of displacement;
First vibration signal and second vibration signal are a pair of common-mode signals, first displacement signal and institute
It is a pair of difference mode signals to state second displacement signal.
Further, it is described between the output end of first obliquity sensor and the INA+ ends of the difference amplifier
The first operational amplifier is equipped between the output end of second obliquity sensor and the INA- ends of the difference amplifier.
Further, the first reference source circuit and the second reference source circuit, first base are additionally provided with the measurement car
Quasi- source circuit connects the power end of first obliquity sensor, the power end of second obliquity sensor, and the mould
The reference power source end of number converter;
Second reference source circuit connects the reference power source of the difference amplifier by the second operational amplifier simultaneously
End and the power end of the analog-digital converter.
Further, the output end for stating difference amplifier is provided with the noise reduction electric capacity CF of a ground connection.
Further, infrared transmitter, infrared remote receiver and Schmidt's reshaper are additionally provided with the measurement car, it is described red
External transmitter and the infrared remote receiver are located on pre-compressing device corresponding with described any one wheel of measurement car, the car
Wheel rotates a circle, and the infrared remote receiver receives the electric pulse that once infrared transmitter is sent, and it is right that the single-chip microcomputer passes through
The counting of the electric pulse obtains the number of turns of the wheel constant revolution of the measurement car.
Further, the wheel is provided with receives the electricity that the infrared transmitter is sent for the infrared remote receiver
The circular hole of pulse.
Further, the single-chip microcomputer connection RC integrators, the RC integrators connect the voltage-controlled of the voltage controlled oscillator
End, the output end of the voltage controlled oscillator connects the clock end of stepper motor driver, the output of the stepper motor driver
The winding of the end connection stepper motor.
Further, phase inverter is provided between the voltage-controlled end of the RC integrators and the voltage controlled oscillator.
Further, the electric capacity C19, the voltage controlled oscillator RT of the DIS pins connection ground connection of the voltage controlled oscillator
The resistance R10 of pin connection ground connection.
Further, the single-chip microcomputer is provided with timer conter, and the timer conter connects crystal oscillator.
A kind of technical scheme of tunnel subsidence monitoring system of the present invention is employed, is included on tunnel inner wall along described
Some inclinometer pipes that the axial direction in tunnel connects successively and can in the inclinometer pipe adherent operation measurement car, the measurement car
Wheel is provided with, each wheel is arranged on the measurement car by corresponding pre-compressing device;On the measurement car
Provided with the first obliquity sensor, the second obliquity sensor, difference amplifier, analog-digital converter, ZigBee emitters, monolithic
Machine, and the stepper motor of the wheel constant revolution of the measurement car can be driven under single-chip microcomputer control;The single-chip microcomputer
Position of the measurement car in the inclinometer pipe is obtained by the number of turns of the wheel constant revolution;The first inclination angle sensing
The output end of device connects the INA+ ends of the difference amplifier, and the output end of second obliquity sensor connects the difference and put
The INA- ends of big device, the output end of the difference amplifier connects the input of the analog-digital converter, the analog-digital converter
Output end connect the ZigBee emitters;The single-chip microcomputer connects the ZigBee emitters;First inclination angle
The X-axis of sensor and second obliquity sensor is parallel with the direction of displacement of the measurement car in the inclinometer pipe and direction
On the contrary, the Y-axis of first obliquity sensor and second obliquity sensor with it is described measurement car in the inclinometer pipe
Direction of vibration it is identical;The first obliquity sensor generation is with the measurement car in the inclinometer pipe internal vibration corresponding first
Vibration signal, and with the measurement car in corresponding first displacement signal of the inclinometer pipe intrinsic displacement;Second inclination angle is passed
Sensor is generated with the measurement car in corresponding second vibration signal of the inclinometer pipe internal vibration, and with the measurement car in survey
The corresponding second displacement signal of inclined tube intrinsic displacement;First vibration signal and second vibration signal are a pair of common mode letters
Number, first displacement signal and the second displacement signal are a pair of difference mode signals.It has the technical effect that:Its small volume, easily
Reusable in installation, automaticity is high, and can be monitored under operation condition.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 installs front view for a kind of inclinometer pipe of tunnel subsidence monitoring system of the present invention with measurement car.
Fig. 2 installs left view for a kind of inclinometer pipe of tunnel subsidence monitoring system of the present invention with measurement car.
Fig. 3 illustrates for the installation of infrared transmitter and infrared remote receiver in a kind of tunnel subsidence monitoring system of the present invention
Figure.
Fig. 4 is the peace of the first obliquity sensor and the second obliquity sensor in a kind of tunnel subsidence monitoring system of the invention
Fill schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 is a kind of structure chart of tunnel subsidence monitoring system of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the first reference source circuit in a kind of tunnel subsidence monitoring system of the present invention and the connection of the second reference source circuit
Schematic diagram.
Embodiment
Referring to Fig. 1, the present inventor is in order to be able to preferably understand technical scheme, lead to below
Specifically embodiment is crossed, and is described in detail with reference to accompanying drawing:
A kind of tunnel subsidence monitoring system of the present invention includes on the tunnel inner wall successively connecting along the axial direction in tunnel
The inclinometer pipe 300 connect, and can in inclinometer pipe 300 adherent operation measurement car 400.Some groups are disposed with measurement car 400
In the wheel 401 of cross arrangement, make measurement car 400 and inclinometer pipe 300 adherent, reduce the mechanical oscillation of measurement car 400.Wheel
401 are arranged on measurement car 400 by pre-compressing device 402.
Measure car 400 and be provided with the first reference source circuit 1a, the second reference source circuit 1b, the first obliquity sensor 2, second
Obliquity sensor 3, difference amplifier 4, analog-digital converter 5, ZigBee emitters 6, infrared transmitter 7, infrared remote receiver 8,
Schmidt's reshaper 9, single-chip microcomputer 10, voltage controlled oscillator 11, stepper motor driver 12 and for the constant revolution of driving moment 401
Stepper motor 13.
Wherein, the first reference source circuit 1a connects the first obliquity sensor 2, the power end of the second obliquity sensor 3 simultaneously,
Stable power supply is provided for the first obliquity sensor 2, the second obliquity sensor 3.First reference source circuit 1a is also connected with mould
The reference power source end of number converter 5 and stepper motor driver 12, is that analog-digital converter 5 and stepper motor driver 12 are provided
Stable reference voltage.
Output error response and the stability of power supply due to the first obliquity sensor 2 and the second obliquity sensor 3
It is extremely necessary with close association, therefore using the first reference source circuit 1a.
The first reference source circuit 1a selects REF195 benchmark source chips in the present embodiment, and REF195 benchmark source chip can be carried
For being up to 30 milliamperes and with the premium properties of 2ppm/ DEG C of temperature drift.
First obliquity sensor 2 and the second obliquity sensor 3 use SCA100T type double high-precision obliquity sensors, its
Purpose is that, in order to obtain difference inclination data, the mechanical oscillation effectively suppressed due to measuring car 400 are caused the first inclination angle by this
The common-mode noise that the obliquity sensor 3 of sensor 2 and second is produced.
Its principle is:It is stacked on top of one another after first obliquity sensor 2 and the alignment of the second obliquity sensor 3 to install, make first to incline
The plane that 2 and second obliquity sensor of angle transducer 3 respective X-axis and Y-axis are constituted supports or opposes.First obliquity sensor 2 and second
The X-axis of obliquity sensor 3 is parallel but in opposite direction with the direction of displacement for measuring car 400, the first obliquity sensor 2 and the second inclination angle
The Y-axis of sensor 3 is parallel with the direction of vibration for measuring car 400 and direction is identical.First obliquity sensor 2 is generated and measurement car
400 in corresponding first vibration signal of the internal vibration of inclinometer pipe 300, and corresponding in the intrinsic displacement of inclinometer pipe 300 with measurement car 400
First displacement signal.Second obliquity sensor 3, which generates to vibrate in the internal vibration of inclinometer pipe 300 corresponding second with measurement car 400, to be believed
Number, and with measurement car 400 in the corresponding second displacement signal of the intrinsic displacement of inclinometer pipe 300.
Therefore, the first vibration signal and the second vibration signal are a pair of common-mode signals, after amplifying through difference amplifier 4, should
Common-mode signal is cancelled.Similarly, since the first displacement signal and second displacement signal are a pair of difference mode signals, therefore through difference
The analog signal of the output end final output of amplifier 4 is the superposition of the first displacement signal and second displacement signal.
10 μ Fs of the output end of difference amplifier 4 provided with ground connection noise reduction electric capacity CF, to reach further suppression
The purpose of low-frequency noise, because the primary spectrum of the measurement mechanical oscillation of car 400 is concentrated in low-frequency range.Difference amplifier 4
The analog signal of output is fed into the input of analog-digital converter 5 after being filtered through noise reduction electric capacity CF.Analog-digital converter 5 is 16
Analog-digital converter.The analog signal of the output of difference amplifier 4 is admitted to after being converted to data signal through analog-digital converter 5
ZigBee emitters 6 are CC2530 type ZigBee sensors in ZigBee emitters 6, the present embodiment, complete inclination data
Collection.
The reason for the present embodiment does not use 12 analog-to-digital conversion modules built in ZigBee emitters 6 in the present embodiment exists
It is inadequate in its precision.
The first displacement signal and the first vibration signal is made to correspond to UX1 signals and UY1 signals, the first displacement signal and first
Vibration signal correspondence is exported from the OUT1 ports of the first obliquity sensor 2 and OUT2.Second displacement signal and second is made to vibrate letter
Number correspond to UX2 signals and UY2 signals, second displacement signal and the second vibration signal correspondence are from the second obliquity sensor 3
OUT1 ports and OUT2 outputs.UX1 signals and UX2 signals are one group of difference mode signal, and UY1 signals and UY2 signals are one group of common mode
Signal.First by corresponding first operational amplifier 19, output signal and the second inclination angle sensing to the first obliquity sensor 2
The output signal of device 3 impose proportionality coefficient be a the preposition amplification of low noise, obtain aUX1 signals, aUY1 signals, aUX2 signals and
The INA+ ports of aUY2 signals, aUX1 signals and aUY1 signal access differentials amplifier 4, aUX2 signals and the access of aUY2 signals are poor
Divide the INA- ports of amplifier 4, by the calculus of differences of difference amplifier 4, obtain a (UX1-UX2) signals and a (UY1-UY2)
Signal.Thus achieve with measurement car 400 at the first inclination angle of the parallel direction arranged opposite in the intrinsic displacement direction of inclinometer pipe 300
The X-axis of the obliquity sensor 3 of sensor 2 and second, completes the amendment for the measurement vibration signal of car 400 and displacement signal.
After a (UX1-UX2) signals complete analog-to-digital conversion through analog-digital converter 5, adopted into ZigBee emitters 6,
Central processing unit built in ZigBee emitters 6 is wirelessly communicated to neighbouring to adopting after data carry out related operation processing
Zigbee relays servomotor, and the sedimentation situation in tunnel is carried out according to the data that ZigBee emitters 6 are passed over for backstage
Determine.
Two the first operational amplifiers 19 in the present embodiment are OPA184 operational amplifiers, and it has low noise, list
Power supply is powered, the function of rail-to-rail input and output, the purpose is to be powered in single supply in the case of expand the first displacement as far as possible
Signal, the first vibration signal, the dynamic range of the second vibration signal and second displacement signal transacting.A=2 in the present embodiment, with
Ensure the dynamic range for the analog signal that difference amplifier 4 is exported.Difference amplifier 4 amplifies for high precision instrument in the present embodiment
Device AD620.
Difference amplifier 4 is powered using single supply, therefore its reference power source end end needs one VCC/2 Low ESRs ginseng of access
Examine source.
Second reference source circuit 1b uses ADR4550 benchmark source chips, and its output voltage is 5V, with extremely excellent low
Noise, Low Drift Temperature performance, are that analog-digital converter 5 provides supply voltage.
Analog-digital converter 5 is AD7988 analog-digital converters in the present embodiment, and analog-digital converter 5 is except needing high-precision base
Outside quasi- voltage, its supply voltage needs VCC/2 supply voltage, i.e., 2.5 volt to power;And difference amplifier 4 is also required to one
2.5 Fu Zhongdiancankaoyuan of high stable.In order to produce in 2.5 volts of power supplies of high stable, the present embodiment in the second a reference source
Circuit 1b output end is provided with the second operational amplifier 18, and the second operational amplifier 18 is OP184 operational amplifiers, the second fortune
Calculate amplifier 18 and connect the power end of analog-digital converter 5 and the reference power source end of difference amplifier 4, the second operational amplifier simultaneously
18 follow the second reference source circuit 1b through partial pressure to produce a reference source, obtained 2.5 Fu Dizukang electricity Ya Yuan of high accuracy, are respectively
Analog-digital converter 5 provides power supply, is that difference amplifier 4 provides midpoint reference source.
By infrared transmitter 7 and infrared remote receiver 8, the sense to measurement car 400 position in inclinometer pipe 300 can be achieved
Know, and issuable stuck or stall failure monitoring.Infrared transmitter 7 and infrared remote receiver 8 are each attached to and measured
In car 400 on the corresponding pre-tightening apparatus 402 of any one wheel 401.It is provided with the wheel 401 and supplies infrared transmitter 7 and infrared
The circular hole 403 that receiver 8 is intermittently communicated.The connection Schmidt of infrared remote receiver 8 reshaper 9, Schmidt's reshaper 9 connects list
Piece machine 10, single-chip microcomputer 10 is implemented to supervise by 8 pairs of motion states for measuring car 400 operated in inclinometer pipe 300 of infrared remote receiver
Survey.Its principles illustrated is as follows:When measuring the operation in inclinometer pipe 300 of car 400, wheel 401 often rotates a circle;Infrared transmitter
7 and infrared remote receiver 8 once communicated, infrared remote receiver 8 receives the electric pulse that infrared transmitter 7 is launched, the electric arteries and veins
Punching is fed into single-chip microcomputer 10 after the shaping of Schmidt's reshaper 9 and carries out counting.Because the girth of wheel 401 is a constant, therefore
Calculate electric pulse count value and wheel 401 girth product just can obtain measurement car 400 run in inclinometer pipe 300 away from
From thus obtaining measuring position of the car 400 in inclinometer pipe 300.The electric pulse is also used for the motion shape for knowing measurement car 400
State, when measure car 400 run duration constantly accumulate but electric pulse count value keep it is constant when, you can obtain measure car
400 block in inclinometer pipe 300.The count value of electric pulse and the run duration of measurement car 400 are also by single-chip microcomputer 10
Neighbouring ZigBee, which is sent to, with ZigBee emitters 6 relays servomotor.
Advantage using infrared transmitter 7 and infrared remote receiver 8 is:Need not produce for example needs using during photoelectric tube mode
The secondary light source wanted, and effectively shield due to the maloperation that visible interference of stray light is produced.
In the present embodiment, infrared transmitter 7 is infrared receiving/transmission diode SE304, infrared remote receiver 8, is PIC14043 red
Outer receiver.When being gone to 8 corresponding position of infrared transmitter 7 and infrared remote receiver the circular hole 403 on wheel 401,
Infrared transmitter 7 produces an electric pulse, after the electric pulse is received by infrared remote receiver 8, by the shaping of Schmidt's reshaper 9,
Single-chip microcomputer 10 is read into, starts the timer conter in single-chip microcomputer 10, to counting for feeding electric pulse, and periodic sampling should
The count value T of electric pulse in timer conterCN1, the count value T of computing electric pulseCN1With the perimeter L of wheel 401ZCProduct just
It can obtain measuring position of the car 400 in inclinometer pipe 300.The also external crystal oscillator 101 of the timer conter of single-chip microcomputer 10, crystal oscillator 101
For XCXO type crystal oscillators.Crystal oscillator 101 is through 215The second clock implementation counting operation obtained after frequency dividing, this second clock and infrared transmitter 7,
The turning collar counting number value of wheel 401 that infrared remote receiver 8 is produced, i.e. the count value T of electric pulseCN1It is one-to-one relation, when
When one one-to-one correspondence occurs destroyed, measurement car 400 is issuable stuck or stall failure, and single-chip microcomputer 10 is alarmed,
So as to realize the monitoring of the measurement motion state of car 400.
Single-chip microcomputer 10 connects the voltage-controlled end of voltage controlled oscillator 11, the output end connection driving stepper motor of voltage controlled oscillator 11
The clock end of device 12, the stepper motor 13 of the constant revolution of wheel 401 of the connection control measurement car 400 of stepper motor driver 12.
The purpose for setting voltage controlled oscillator 11 is the driving source of control measurement car 400, it is ensured that the smooth starting and operation of stepper motor 13.
In general, the general not preferably less than 40kHz of the No Load Start frequency of stepper motor 13, otherwise can produce measurement car 400 and vibrate.Step
The startup control frequency of stepper motor 13 is by low to setting stable state;Before stopping, control frequency is by stable state step-down.The control of stepper motor 13
The change of frequency processed should follow exponential type change, and the time of usual acceleration and deceleration is not preferably less than 300 milliseconds, otherwise can produce measurement car
400 step-outs or shake;The measurement car 400 when stepper motor 13 is run can be reduced using micro-stepping control to shake;Measure car 400 at a high speed
Operating needs to maintain certain voltage, otherwise can produce the measurement stall of car 400.
Using function integrated circuit LM566 occurs for the voltage controlled oscillator 11 in the present embodiment.Integrated circuit occurs for function
LM566 is a kind of voltage-controlled function generator, can produce the square wave or triangular signal from low frequency to 1MHz, voltage controlled oscillator 11
The frequency change of output signal is associated with the amplitude of the voltage at voltage-controlled end, thus only need to be in the voltage-controlled end of voltage controlled oscillator 11 and list
A RC integrator 17 is accessed between the output end of piece machine 10 and a high level, RC integrators are sent into RC integrators 17
17 electric capacity C undergo one since zero level and exponentially increase, it is final be a constant level signal process,
Equally, the angular displacement pulse that stepper motor driver 12 is exported experienced since extremely low frequency, exponentially increases, final
Reach the process of stable state.
Conversely, after the input high level of RC integrators 17 is removed, the voltage on the electric capacity of RC integrators 17 will be by finger
Number rule declines, until being zero, so that the frequency for the angular displacement pulse that stepper motor driver 12 is exported is advised by stable state by index
Rule is successively decreased up to being zero, the thus control of the extremely simple acceleration and deceleration chopping frequency for being reliably achieved stepper motor 13.
In the present embodiment, the position that measurement car 400 is moved along inclinometer pipe 300 is passed with the first obliquity sensor 2, the second inclination angle
The data of sensor 3 must comply with strict one-to-one relation, thus, and the movement rate of measurement car 400 must be constant.It is logical
Cross and drive measurement car 400 to move using the stepper motor 13 that is controlled by stepper motor driver 12 to can be achieved.Stepper motor 13
Rotating speed be the frequency of the angular displacement pulse exported by stepper motor driver 12 is determined, also, the rotor of stepper motor 13
Corner can be with precisely subdivided, as long as then 13 unit interval of stepper motor internal rotor turns over angle to the frequency stabilization of angular displacement pulse
It is certain.The frequency of angular displacement pulse is controlled by the crystal oscillator 101 on single-chip microcomputer 10, it is assumed that stepper motor 13
Subdivision rate be 32, the frequency of angular displacement pulse is 5.0kHz, then the rotor of stepper motor 13 rotates one week needs, 11540 angles
Dfisplacement pulse.
The a diameter of 30mm of wheel 401 of car 400 is measured in the present embodiment, it is L that wheel 401, which transports the distance circled,ZC, measurement
The movement rate of car 400 is designed as 0.3m/s, therefore the rotating speed of the rotor of stepper motor 13 is 3.238r/s, then stepper motor 13
Rotor should add the angular displacement pulse that a frequency is 31.30kHz.
The frequency of oscillation of crystal oscillator 101 takes 40MHz in the present embodiment, the vibration output of crystal oscillator 101 as single-chip microcomputer 10 when
Clock, the frequency of the angular displacement pulse needed for stepper motor 13 is 31.30kHz, is obtained by the timer conter built in single-chip microcomputer 10
.
Single-chip microcomputer 10 is STC12C5628AD single-chip microcomputers in the present embodiment.
It is assumed that before stepper motor 13 starts, the pressure drop U of the electric capacity C on RC integrators 17CIt is zero, stepper motor 13 starts
Afterwards, single-chip microcomputer 10 sends a step signal U to the electric capacity C of RC integrators 17JY, the pressure drop U of the electric capacity C on RC integrators 17C
Start exponentially to be incremented by, approximately pass through after 5-6 τ cycle, the electric capacity C change in pressure drop on RC integrators 17 is UJY, stepping
Motor driver 12 enters stable state.Wherein τ=1/RC, voltage controlled oscillator 11 can be realized from extremely low to 10MHz frequency copped wave pulses
Output, the frequency of copped wave pulse controlled by the voltage-controlled end of voltage controlled oscillator 11, and linear good.At the voltage-controlled end of voltage controlled oscillator 11
When adding a positive linear ramp, the frequency of the copped wave pulse of the output end of voltage controlled oscillator 11 output will occur by it is low to
High repetitive process, similarly, by the pressure drop U of the electric capacity on RC integrators 17CFrom zero starting, exponentially be incremented by up to reaching
To the voltage U of stable stateC, when being added to 11 voltage-controlled end of voltage controlled oscillator, the copped wave pulse of the output end output of voltage controlled oscillator 11
Frequency will undergo a process for increasing and being finally reached stable frequency by zero, exponentially.Adjust RC integrators 17
The τ cycles, can change voltage controlled oscillator 11 output copped wave pulse frequency as zero reach stable state needed for time, so as to light
Change places and meet the functional requirement of the diagonal displacement pulse of stepper motor 13.Therefore, the resistance R of RC integrators 17 is variable resistor.
Single-chip microcomputer 10 sends 5V step signal U to the electric capacity C on RC integrators 17JY, due to RC integrators 17
Electric capacity C has little time charging, a phase inverter 16 is concatenated between RC integrators 17 and the voltage-controlled end of voltage controlled oscillator 11, after paraphase
The voltage-controlled end of feed-in voltage controlled oscillator 11.The closing control pin of voltage controlled oscillator 11, i.e. DIS pins connect the electricity of ground connection simultaneously
Hold C19, the resistance R10 of the external frequency of oscillation timing resistor pin of voltage controlled oscillator 11, i.e. RT pins connection ground connection.
The frequency of oscillation of voltage controlled oscillator 11 is f0:
In formula:VccIt is 5V for the supply voltage of voltage controlled oscillator 11.
VcoFor the amplitude of the output signal of phase inverter 16, scope is 0~5V.
The copped wave pulse of the output of voltage controlled oscillator 11 by resistance R10, electric capacity C19 and phase inverter 16 output signal width
Value VcoDetermine, the frequency of the copped wave pulse of the output of voltage controlled oscillator 11 by zero increase to 40kHz when because with RC integrators
17 electric capacity C's is constantly electrically charged, and the voltage at the voltage-controlled end of voltage controlled oscillator 11 is declined by damped expoential rule, so as to cause pressure
The frequency of the copped wave pulse of the output of controlled oscillator 11 is exponentially incremented by, until the voltage at the voltage-controlled end of voltage controlled oscillator 11
It is zero, the frequency of the copped wave pulse of the output of voltage controlled oscillator 11 reaches stable state.The output end connection stepping of voltage controlled oscillator 11
Stepper motor driver 12 is THB6128 type stepper motor driver chips in the clock end of motor driver 12, the present embodiment.Step
The output A1 output ends and A2 output ends of stepper motor driver 12, are connected and for the A windings of Driving Stepping Motor 13, stepping electricity
The output B1 output ends and B2 output ends of machine driver 12, are connected and for the B windings of Driving Stepping Motor 13.The electricity of stepping simultaneously
Machine driver 12 connects battery pack.
Meanwhile, battery pack connection is by voltage from 16V by for .5V high-frequency direct-current/DC converter, the present embodiment
In, the first high-frequency direct-current/DC converter is LM22674 high-frequency direct-currents/DC converter, to ensure the first reference source circuit 1a
What is generated is 5 volts of power supplys of stable DC of low noise, low drifting, the output end of the high-frequency direct-current/DC converter and the first base
Quasi- source circuit 1a is added in the poor voltage-stablizer of linear low voltage, the present embodiment, and linear low voltage difference voltage-stablizer is TPS735 linear low voltages
Poor voltage-stablizer.DC-DC reducing transformer LM117-3.3 DC-DC reducing transformers, 3.3 are turned to 5.5 volts of input voltages to be become
Volt output, is used for Zigbee emitters 6.
In the present embodiment, single-chip microcomputer 10 is connected by single line integrated temperature sensing circuit, the temperature of test environment is monitored, it is single
The preferred DS1820 single lines integrated temperature sensing circuit of line integrated temperature sensing circuit.
Those of ordinary skill in the art it should be appreciated that the embodiment of the above be intended merely to explanation the present invention,
And be not used as limitation of the invention, as long as in the spirit of the present invention, the change to embodiment described above
Change, modification will all fall in the range of claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of tunnel subsidence monitoring system, is included in some surveys connected successively along the axial direction in the tunnel on tunnel inner wall
Inclined tube and can in the inclinometer pipe adherent operation measurement car, the measurement car is provided with wheel, and each wheel is equal
It is arranged on by corresponding pre-compressing device on the measurement car;It is characterized in that:
The measurement car provided with the first obliquity sensor, the second obliquity sensor, difference amplifier, analog-digital converter,
ZigBee emitters, single-chip microcomputer, and the wheel constant revolution of the measurement car can be driven under single-chip microcomputer control
Stepper motor;The single-chip microcomputer obtains position of the measurement car in the inclinometer pipe by the number of turns of the wheel constant revolution
Put;
The output end of first obliquity sensor connects the INA+ ends of the difference amplifier, second obliquity sensor
Output end connects the INA- ends of the difference amplifier, and the output end of the difference amplifier connects the defeated of the analog-digital converter
Enter end, the output end of the analog-digital converter connects the ZigBee emitters;
The single-chip microcomputer connects the ZigBee emitters;
Position of the X-axis of first obliquity sensor and second obliquity sensor with the measurement car in the inclinometer pipe
Move direction parallel and in opposite direction, the Y-axis of first obliquity sensor and second obliquity sensor with the measurement
Direction of vibration of the car in the inclinometer pipe is identical;
First obliquity sensor generation with the car that measures in corresponding first vibration signal of the inclinometer pipe internal vibration, with
And with the measurement car in corresponding first displacement signal of the inclinometer pipe intrinsic displacement;The second obliquity sensor generation and institute
Measurement car is stated in corresponding second vibration signal of the inclinometer pipe internal vibration, and with the measurement car in inclinometer pipe intrinsic displacement pair
The second displacement signal answered;
First vibration signal and second vibration signal are a pair of common-mode signals, first displacement signal and described the
Two displacement signals are a pair of difference mode signals.
2. a kind of tunnel subsidence monitoring system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:First obliquity sensor
Between output end and the INA+ ends of the difference amplifier, output end and the difference amplifier of second obliquity sensor
INA- ends between be equipped with the first operational amplifier.
3. a kind of tunnel subsidence monitoring system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Is additionally provided with the measurement car
One reference source circuit and the second reference source circuit, first reference source circuit connect the power supply of first obliquity sensor
The reference power source end of end, the power end of second obliquity sensor, and the analog-digital converter;
Second reference source circuit by the second operational amplifier simultaneously connect the difference amplifier reference power source end and
The power end of the analog-digital converter.
4. a kind of tunnel subsidence monitoring system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The output of the difference amplifier
Noise reduction electric capacity CF of the end provided with a ground connection.
5. a kind of tunnel subsidence monitoring system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:It is additionally provided with the measurement car red
External transmitter, infrared remote receiver and Schmidt's reshaper, the infrared transmitter and the infrared remote receiver are located to be surveyed with described
On the corresponding pre-compressing device of any one wheel of amount car, the wheel rotates a circle, and the infrared remote receiver receives once institute
The electric pulse that infrared transmitter is sent is stated, the single-chip microcomputer obtains the wheel of the measurement car by the counting to the electric pulse
The number of turns of constant revolution.
6. a kind of tunnel subsidence monitoring system according to claim 5, it is characterised in that:The wheel is provided with for described
Infrared remote receiver receives the circular hole for the electric pulse that the infrared transmitter is sent.
7. a kind of tunnel subsidence monitoring system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The single-chip microcomputer connection RC integrations
Device, the RC integrators connect the voltage-controlled end of voltage controlled oscillator, the output end connection driving stepper motor of the voltage controlled oscillator
The clock end of device, the output end of the stepper motor driver connects the winding of the stepper motor.
8. a kind of tunnel subsidence monitoring system according to claim 7, it is characterised in that:The RC integrators and the pressure
Phase inverter is provided between the voltage-controlled end of controlled oscillator.
9. a kind of tunnel subsidence monitoring system according to claim 8, it is characterised in that:The DIS of the voltage controlled oscillator
The electric capacity C19, the resistance R10 of the voltage controlled oscillator RT pins connection ground connection of pin connection ground connection.
10. a kind of tunnel subsidence monitoring system according to any one in claim 5~9, it is characterised in that:The list
Piece machine is provided with timer conter, and the timer conter connects crystal oscillator.
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Application publication date: 20170822 |