CN107084634A - 一种具有热桥效应的远距离传输蓄放热结构 - Google Patents
一种具有热桥效应的远距离传输蓄放热结构 Download PDFInfo
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- F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
- F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
- F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
- F28D20/02—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及一种具有热桥效应的远距离传输蓄放热结构,包括储能块、散热块和集热块,散热块与储能块相连,集热块与储能块相连,储能块包括金属外壳和导热栅格,导热栅格内填充有导热储能材料,导热栅格的导热系数大于导热储能材料的导热系数,储能块内部形成热桥效应;本发明的优点:通过导热栅格和相变储能导热体不同的传热系数使储能块内形成热桥效应,提高了蓄放热结构的蓄放热速率,且通过导热储能材料的相变潜热提高蓄放热结构的储能密度,并通过散热块控制该蓄放热结构的散热速率,实现对储能块的热过盈保护,集热块能快速的把热量转移至储能块内进行储存,解决狭小空间和远距离热量回收和储能问题。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有热桥效应的远距离传输蓄放热结构。
背景技术
蓄热装置可以将夜间廉价的电能、或工业废热转换为高温热能储存起来,储存的热能可以被直接利用、用于建筑物供暖、也可以在用电高峰期将热能转换为电能使用,现有蓄热结构装置庞大,***投资维护费用高,不能适应在狭窄空间热集中且无法把热量及时散出,或无空间安装较大散热翅的问题。
对新能源电动汽车来说,电池为内部核心部件,电池环境温度过低或过高皆对电池寿命造成巨大影响。如一般锂电池最佳使用环境温度为40℃,而温度高于40℃或低于40℃时,锂电池容量衰减速率提高。同时,汽车启动、加速或爬坡过程中,电流变大,电池发热量突增,造成电池温度波动。
储能材料,是指可通过相变吸收或释放大量相变潜热的相变材料,且相变过程中自身温度变化不大或不变,可对电池等温度敏感性器件非常实用。但储能材料无法一直蓄热,当蓄热到一定程度时,需要把热量释放出去。同时,在环境温度过高或过低时,相变储能材料和环境热交换较快,通过保温层可降低热交换速度,从而发挥相变储能材料的最大功效。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题就是提供一种具有热桥效应的远距离传输蓄放热结构,解决现有狭窄空间热集中且无法把热量及时散出的问题。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的:一种具有热桥效应的远距离传输蓄放热结构,包括储能块、散热块和集热块,散热块与储能块相连用于控制储能块的散热速率,集热块与储能块相连用于将集热块采集的热量快速转移至储能块内,储能块包括金属外壳和设置在金属外壳内的导热栅格,导热栅格内设有导热储能材料,导热栅格的导热系数大于导热储能材料的导热系数,储能块内部依靠导热栅格和导热储能材料不同的传热系数形成热桥效应;导热储能材料包括以下组分组成:55~100%的高导热相变粉体和0~45%的导热增强料。
优选的,导热栅格的导热系数与导热储能材料的导热系数提高1~4个数量级,能适应不同的场合,实现储能块的放热速度可调,实用性能好。
优选的,金属外壳上设有隔热保温套,隔热保温套与金属外壳可拆卸连接,能实现储能块的热量进行保温处理,将隔热保温套与金属外可拆卸连接,可根据实际需要,实现储能块热量的快速散出。
优选的,散热块包括散热翅和第一热管,散热翅通过第一热管设置在储能块上,散热翅依靠调节第一热管的启动温度来调控储能块的散热速率,散热翅和第一热管将热量散到外界中,并通过调节第一热管的启动温度来控制储能块的散热速率。
优选的,集热块包括集热板和第二热管,集热板通过第二热管设置在储能块上,集热板采集的热量依靠第二热管传输至储能块上,通过集热块实现热量的采集,并通过第二热管将采集的热量传输至储能块内,集热、传热效果好,便于狭小空间和远距离热量传送。
优选的,第二热管上设有隔热保温涂层,能对第二热管上的热量进行保温处理。
优选的,隔热保温涂层的厚度为1~50mm,且隔热保温涂层的导热系数为0.02~0.08W/m·K,保温效果好,将隔热保温涂层的厚度设置为1~50mm,节约了隔热保温涂层的空间。
优选的,导热储能材料通过以下步骤制成:
步骤一:将储能材料放入反应釜中,加热至熔点温度以上22~30℃并保持恒温,当储能材料从固态转变为液态后,搅拌储能材料,搅拌速度为80rpm,搅拌时间为1~3h;
步骤二:向步骤一处理的反应釜中缓慢加入导热增强料,保持步骤一搅拌时的温度,然后在速度为80~120rpm下搅拌1~4h,使导热增强料均匀分布在高导热相变粉体中,得到导热增强的导热储能材料,能实现导热增强料均匀的分布在高导热相变粉体中,提高相变效率,整体使用寿命长,且整体制备加工简单,成本低廉,储能密度大、导热系数高、无毒无害。
优选的,储能材料包括有机储能材料和无机固-液储能材料,且有机储能材料和无机固-液储能材料的质量比为1:1,能降低接触热阻,提高导热速率。
综上所述,本发明的优点:1.通过导热栅格和相变储能导热体不同的传热系数使储能块内形成热桥效应,提高了该蓄放热结构的蓄放热速率,且通过相变储能导热体提高储能体的储能密度,并通过散热块控制该蓄放热结构的散热速率,实现对蓄能块的过盈保护,集热块能快速的把热量转移至该蓄放热结构内进行储存,解决狭小空间和远距离热量回收和储能问题;可用于航天、新能源汽车电池控温、电子产品控温、太阳能光热利用、建筑节能、热量转移储存、余热回收等领域;
2.将导热储能材料通过储能材料和导热增强料混合制成,实现了储能材料能无缝隙填充到金属外壳中,形成储能块,高导热相变粉体的相变过程为物理变化,延长了整个储能块的使用寿命;导热增强料提高了导热系数。
附图说明
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步说明:
图1为本发明一种具有热桥效应的远距离传输蓄放热结构的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
如图1所示,一种具有热桥效应的远距离传输蓄放热结构,包括储能块1、散热块2和集热块3,散热块2与储能块1相连用于控制储能块1的散热速率,集热块3与储能块1相连用于将集热块采集的热量快速转移至储能块1内,储能块1包括金属外壳11和设置在金属外壳11内的导热栅格12,导热栅格12内设有导热储能材料13,导热栅格12的导热系数大于导热储能材料13的导热系数,储能块1内部依靠导热栅格12和导热储能材料13不同的传热系数形成热桥效应。
导热栅格由第三热管、铜或铜合金板、铝或铝合金板、钛或钛合金板、不锈钢板、铁板或碳钢板钨或钛合金板中的一种或多种结合而成,金属外壳由铜或铜合金板、铝或铝合金板、钛或钛合金板、不锈钢板、铁板或碳钢板钨或钛合金板中的一种或多种结合而成。
导热储能材料包括以下重量份的组分:55~100%的储能材料和0~45%的导热增强料,导热储能材料能实现无缝隙填充到金属外壳内形成储能块,相变过程为物理变化,整体使用寿命长,且整体制备加工简单,成本低廉,储能密度大、导热系数高、无毒无害;储能材料包括有机储能材料和无机固-液储能材料,其中:有机储能材料包括碳原子数为8~50的脂肪烃、正构烷烃,分子量为800~20000的聚乙二醇,具体包括正辛烷、正十一烷、正十三烷、正十四烷、正十五烷、正十六烷、正十七烷、正十八烷、正十九烷、正二十烷、正二十一烷、正二十三烷、正二十四烷、正二十六烷、正二十九烷、正三十一烷、正三十二烷、正三十三烷、正三十四烷、正三十七烷、正五十烷、硬酯酸正丁酯、十二烷酸、己酸、甲酸、正癸酸、肉豆蔻酸、月桂酸、棕榈酸癸酸、乙二醇、正十一醇、聚乙二醇、聚丁二醇、新戊二醇、十八醇、二硬脂酸乙二醇酯、丙三醇、1,10-癸二醇,以及切片石蜡、半精炼石蜡、全精炼石蜡中的一种或两种的混合物或至少两种的混合物;无机固-液储能材料包括水、三水硝酸锂、五水硫代硫酸钠、六水氯化钙、八水氢氧化钡、十水碳酸钠、十水硫酸钠、十二水磷酸氢钠、三水醋酸钠、硫酸钠、硝酸钾、氯化铝、氯化钠铬酸锂、硝酸钠、碳酸钠、硝酸锂、氯化钾、氯化锂、碳酸锂、氯化镁中的一种或两种的混合物或至少两种的混合物;导热增强料包括银粉、铜粉、铝粉、石墨粉、氮化铝、氧化铝、导热碳纤维、石墨烯、膨胀石墨、泡沫铝、氮化镁粉、锌粉、石墨烯泡沫、碳海绵、碳纳米管、泡沫铜、多孔碳球、氮化硼粉、氮化硅粉、氮化镁粉、碳纳米管粉、氧化锌粉、金刚石粉中的一种或两种的混合物或至少两种的混合物。
导热栅格12的导热系数与导热储能材料13的导热系数提高1~4个数量级,能适应不同的场合,实现储能块的放热速度可调,实用性能好,导热储能材料13的导热系数设置成0.3~18W/m·K,将导热栅格的导热系数设置成5~20000W/m·K,在增加导热栅格后,能将整个储能块的导热系数设置成1~218W/m·K,有效提高了能块体的导热系数。
金属外壳11上设有隔热保温套14,隔热保温套14与金属外壳11可拆卸连接,能实现储能块的热量进行保温处理,将隔热保温套与金属外可拆卸连接,可根据实际需要,实现储能块热量的快速散出,当需要将储能块的热量快速散出时,只需将从金属外壳外将隔热保温套的取下,金属外壳11呈正方体、长方体、球体、圆柱体、圆锥体、菱形面体、多面体中的一种或两种形体的组合或至少两种形体的组合。
散热块2包括散热翅21和第一热管22,散热翅21通过第一热管22设置在储能块1上,散热翅21依靠调节第一热管22的启动温度来调控储能块1的散热速率,散热翅根据需求可设置成自然冷却或外加风扇冷却的结构,且散热翅呈方形或圆形设置,散热翅和第一热管将热量散到外界中,并通过调节第一热管的启动温度来控制储能块的散热速率,散热翅21为微热管阵列方式翅片,相对现有传统的金属片散热效果更快更好,根据散热效果,选择第一热管的长度,实现散热的加强作用,假设某电子器件最佳工作温度范围为5~90℃,则可设置相变储能导热体的相变温度为50℃,第一热管的启动温度为65℃,即储能块1的温度低于65℃时第一热管内部不进行对流传热,当温度达到65℃时第一热管启动进行对流传热;当电子产品工作温度时达到50℃时,相变储能导热体吸收热量并储存,当相变储能导热体蓄能饱和后,储能块开始显热蓄能,自身温度开始升高,当升到65℃时,第一热管开始启动,并把热量通过散热翅散到外界中,第一热管和散热翅起着热过盈保护作用。根据实际需要,可以设置两种或者多种启动温度不同的第一热管,比如,在上述结构中,增加一根或多根启动温度为70℃的第三热管,当上述启动温度为60℃的第一热管传热速率无法控制储能块温度在70℃以下时,储能块温度达到70℃,启动温度为70℃的第三热管开始启动,增加散热速率,通过上述方式,散热块可智能调节储能块散热速率。
根据实际需求,上述储能块制备成加快散热的形式,即在储能块各个面增加散热翅结构,且储能块上不增加隔热保温套,此时储能块最为散热翅的加强结构,当散热翅无法及时的把热量散出去时,储能块把热烈进行储存,形成热量缓冲,可以对有热波峰波谷的散热器件,储能块对散热翅是一种增强,消除热波峰,储能块在热波谷时散热。
集热块3包括集热板31和第二热管32,集热板31通过第二热管32设置在储能块1上,集热板31采集的热量依靠第二热管32传输至储能块1上,通过集热块实现热量的采集,并通过第二热管将采集的热量传输至储能块内,集热、传热效果好,便于狭小空间和远距离热量传送,集热板包括铝或铝合金、铜或铜合金、不锈钢、铁或铁碳合金中的一种或两种的合金物或两种以上的合金物制成,第二热管设置成圆形热管或扁形热管,可根据空间做出形状和路线的改变。
第二热管32上设有隔热保温涂层33,能对第二热管上的热量进行保温处理,隔热保温涂层33的厚度为1~50mm,且隔热保温涂层33的导热系数为0.02~0.08W/m·K,保温效果好,将隔热保温涂层的厚度设置为1~50mm,节约了隔热保温涂层的空间,且隔热保温涂层采用纳米真空珠隔热保温涂料。
导热储能材料通过以下步骤制成:
步骤一:将储能材料放入反应釜中,加热至熔点温度以上22~30℃并保持恒温,当储能材料从固态转变为液态后,搅拌储能材料,搅拌速度为80rpm,搅拌时间为1~3h;
步骤二:向步骤一处理的反应釜中缓慢加入导热增强料,保持步骤一搅拌时的温度,然后在速度为80~120rpm下搅拌1~4h,使导热增强料均匀分布在高导热相变粉体中,得到导热增强的导热储能材料,能实现导热增强料均匀的分布在高导热相变粉体中,提高相变效率,整体使用寿命长,且整体制备加工简单,成本低廉,储能密度大、导热系数高、无毒无害。
储能材料包括有机储能材料和无机固-液储能材料,且有机储能材料和无机固-液储能材料的质量比为1:1,能降低接触热阻,提高导热速率。
储能块的制备工艺,依次包括以下步骤:
步骤一:将储能材料放入反应釜中,加热至储能材料的熔点温度以上22~30℃并保持恒温,当储能材料从固态转变为液态后,搅拌储能材料,搅拌速度为80rpm,搅拌时间为1~3h;
步骤二:向步骤一处理的反应釜中缓慢加入导热增强料,保持步骤一搅拌时的温度,然后在速度为80~120rpm下搅拌1~4h,使导热增强料均匀分布在高导热相变粉体中,得到导热增强的复合储能材料,即导热储能材料;
步骤三:将步骤二制成的导热储能材料倒入储能块的金属外壳中,并压实保证导热储能材料填充满储能块体的缝隙;
步骤四:将步骤三处理后的金属外壳密封。
除上述优选实施例外,本发明还有其他的实施方式,本领域技术人员可以根据本发明作出各种改变和变形,只要不脱离本发明的精神,均应属于本发明所附权利要求所定义的范围。
Claims (9)
1.一种具有热桥效应的远距离传输蓄放热结构,其特征在于:包括储能块(1)、散热块(2)和集热块(3),散热块(2)与储能块(1)相连用于控制储能块(1)的散热速率,集热块(3)与储能块(1)相连用于将集热块采集的热量快速转移至储能块(1)内,储能块(1)包括金属外壳(11)和设置在金属外壳(11)内的导热栅格(12),导热栅格(12)内设有导热储能材料(13),导热栅格(12)的导热系数大于导热储能材料(13)的导热系数,储能块(1)内部依靠导热栅格(12)和导热储能材料(13)不同的传热系数形成热桥效应;
导热储能材料(13)包括以下组分组成:55~100%的高导热相变粉体和0~45%的导热增强料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有热桥效应的远距离传输蓄放热结构,其特征在于:导热栅格(12)的导热系数与导热储能材料(13)的导热系数提高1~4个数量级。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有热桥效应的远距离传输蓄放热结构,其特征在于:金属外壳(11)上设有隔热保温套(14),隔热保温套(14)与金属外壳(11)可拆卸连接。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有热桥效应的远距离传输蓄放热结构,其特征在于:散热块(2)包括散热翅(21)和第一热管(22),散热翅(21)通过第一热管(22)设置在储能块(1)上,散热翅(21)依靠调节第一热管(22)的启动温度来调控储能块(1)的散热速率。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有热桥效应的远距离传输蓄放热结构,其特征在于:集热块(3)包括集热板(31)和第二热管(32),集热板(31)通过第二热管(32)设置在储能块(1)上,集热板(31)采集的热量依靠第二热管(32)传输至储能块(1)上。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种具有热桥效应的远距离传输蓄放热结构,其特征在于:第二热管(32)上设有隔热保温涂层(33)。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种具有热桥效应的远距离传输蓄放热结构,其特征在于:隔热保温涂层(33)的厚度为1~50mm,且隔热保温涂层(33)的导热系数为0.02~0.08W/m·K。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有热桥效应的远距离传输蓄放热结构,其特征在于:导热储能材料通过以下步骤制成:
步骤一:将储能材料放入反应釜中,加热至熔点温度以上22~30℃并保持恒温,当储能材料从固态转变为液态后,搅拌储能材料,搅拌速度为80rpm,搅拌时间为1~3h;
步骤二:向步骤一处理的反应釜中缓慢加入导热增强料,保持步骤一搅拌时的温度,然后在速度为80~120rpm下搅拌1~4h,使导热增强料均匀分布在高导热相变粉体中,得到导热增强的导热储能材料。
9.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有热桥效应的远距离传输蓄放热结构,其特征在于:储能材料包括有机储能材料和无机固-液储能材料,且有机储能材料和无机固-液储能材料的质量比为1:1。
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