CN1070786C - 电动车辆用电机防水结构 - Google Patents

电动车辆用电机防水结构 Download PDF

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CN1070786C
CN1070786C CN95120546A CN95120546A CN1070786C CN 1070786 C CN1070786 C CN 1070786C CN 95120546 A CN95120546 A CN 95120546A CN 95120546 A CN95120546 A CN 95120546A CN 1070786 C CN1070786 C CN 1070786C
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auxiliary power
power mechanism
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brush
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CN1131623A (zh
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五十岚政志
矢荻邦夫
本田聪
中泽祥浩
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Abstract

可使电动机的防水结构简单并牢靠。
在电动机52的机壳70内的上部设电刷88，使与此连接的接线柱100上下穿过机壳70的上盖74，把上盖74的贯通部位用O型圈102密封。在机壳70的下部72的底部开出排水孔110。在电动机轴82与下部72的贯通部位不施以防水密封，使其成为开放型结构，只靠O型圈102可使电刷88防水，从下方浸入的水可经由排水孔110迅速排出。

Description

电动车辆用电机防水结构
本发明涉及安装电机的自行车等电动车辆所用电机的防水结构。
特开平5-319104号发表在座席下方使电机轴指向上下方向安装的带电机自行车。提供给此类用途的电机，为了防止因电刷上粘水而产生的早期磨损，采取使用O型圈和密封材料的完全密闭结构。
上述完全密闭型电动机，为适应自身发热和气温变化带来的内压变化，必须采用高精度密闭结构。为此需要高精度的机械加工，密封用部件及密闭检验工序，结果使其价格上涨。
本发明的目的在于提供不用密封结构而可廉价生产的电动车用电机。
为解决上述课题，本发明电动车辆用电机的防水结构涉及的电动车辆包括从前管向斜下后方直线延伸的主梁、向下弯曲的中间部以及垂直向上下延伸的座席架，在上述弯曲的中间部近旁设置有包含曲轴和马达在内的辅助动力机构，本发明的防水结构的特征在于，上述马达配置在曲轴的后方，与马达连接的导线通过防水构件连接到辅助动力机构的上部，在该辅助动力机构上设有将马达内部空间与大气连通的连通通路，且在该辅助动力机构的侧面设有开口。
电刷设在电机壳内上部，且穿过电机壳在电机壳上部设接线柱，防水密封件挟在接线柱与电柱壳之间，所以从电机下部不易向供电机构的电机壳内部分溅进水，只靠上述的上部防水密封件可有效地防水。
再者，因为电机下部设有排水孔，即使是从电机轴与电机壳之间向电机内渗进水，也能立刻从排水孔排出，所以可省略目前使用的电机轴与电机壳之间的防水密封件。现在用于该部位的防水密封件是适用于滑动密封的，因此价格很高。而能够省去如此高价的防水密封件，其结果是可采用与现有密封结构不同的开放型结构，所以不需要高精度的机械加工及密封性检验工序，可大幅度降低成本。
图1是本实施例涉及带电机自行车的侧面图。
图2实施例主要部分侧面图。
图3是沿图2中3-3线的剖面图。
图4是实施例主要部分的整体剖面图。
图5是实施例主要部分的平面图。
图6是图5中沿6-6线的剖面图。
图1至图6表示第一实施例。图1为在本实施例中将电机作为辅助动力用电机安装在自行车上的侧视图，在前轮2和后轮4之间设有侧面看呈“V”字形的前车架6。前车架6包括从前管8向斜下后方直线延伸的主梁10和向下弯曲的中间部12及略垂直向上下延伸的座席架14。
在前管8上装有在下端支撑前轮2之用的前叉16和在上端部安装车把18之用操纵杆19，它们都转动自如地支撑在前管内。在主梁10上安装着后述的装有蓄电池的蓄电池箱20，其长度与主梁略同，它位于前部固定部22与位于电机一侧的凸型连接器26之间，拆装很方便。符号24为锁紧装置。
在中间部12，借助悬挂板28支撑有辅助动力装置30。前端装在动力装置30的后叉32略呈水平地向后延伸。其后端与从车座架14向斜下方延伸的一对后支杆34的下端一起连结在托架36上构成后车架37。借助该托架36，转动自如地支撑后轮4的轴5及被动链轮38。
在座席架14的上端借助座位杆40支撑有滑动座席42。前部车架6及辅助动力装置30的周围都被车体罩44罩住。车体罩44分割成左右，其前端罩住前侧固定部22和蓄电池箱20的前部，且使它与斜壁45相吻合。
在蓄电池箱20后部侧面，形成向后斜上，位子罩住锁紧装置之车体罩后部的斜壁40，座席架14的前部形成开口部，开口用前面板48挡住。
辅助动力装置30包括控制装置50，电动机52及变速器54。变速器54的输出轴，即曲轴56与驱动链轮58一同旋转，借助链条59使后轮4的被动链轮38旋转。
在曲轴56上装有脚蹬57，靠脚蹬可人力驱动。此时，电动机52靠蓄电池箱20内蓄电池得到的电力驱动，成为辅助动力。控制装置50根据来自脚蹬57的力矩和驱动链轮58的转速控制电动机52的转速。
如同示意图所示，用导线60把蓄电池20内的蓄电池和控制装置50相联接，用导线62联接控制装置50和电动机52的接线端(后述)。
电动机52安装方向成为使电机轴J指向与座席架14略平行的向后斜上方向(参照图1)。变速器54装在电动机52前部的基座64、66之中间部靠近12一侧，电动机52后部基座68上安装着后叉32的前端。
图2表示电动机52及变速器54的侧视形状，图3为图2之3-3剖面图，图4为电动机52的全剖视图，图5为变速器54之上的电动机安装部位平面图，图6为图5之6-6剖面图。
图中电动机52的电机壳70是由略呈有底筒状的下部72和上盖74组成，下部72的底部73之中央有轴承座75，在其中央设有轴孔76，在轴孔76周围设有轴承78，在电机盖74的中央也有轴承80。
这些轴承78,80旋转自如地支撑着的电机轴82，其轴线J(图2)的上端是向后倾斜地指向上下方向来配置的，在电机壳内部中央装有转子84。
从图4可知，电刷88靠弹簧受压接触于电机轴82上端的整流子86上，而电刷88是固定在电刷夹92上。电刷夹92靠穿过上盖74的接线柱孔94，穿过设在其内外的绝缘子96,98之接线柱100固定在盖子74上。
接线柱100借助嵌合在接线柱孔94的O型圈102密封与上盖74之间的间隙，以保防水，接线柱上下端部用螺母104,106拧紧。接线柱100的上端接有来自控制装置50的导线62。
形成于筒状体72的底部73的轴承座75周围的凹部后侧开出内外贯通的排水孔110。因为电动机52是向后倾斜的。所以排水孔110的位置在最底部，排水孔110与设在转子84周围的定子磁铁112之间所形成的水路114相连同。
如图3所示，定子112由许多以一定间隔排布于同心圆上的磁铁片组成，所以邻近片之间自然形成水路114，以及使电机52之装配螺钉116(参照图2、3)通过的空间。
如同电机52装配于变速器54上的装配底座图5所示，在装配底座120的部分外周上形成与构成底部73之排水孔110部位相接的排水部安装底座122，在此处开出与排水孔110连通的纵向排水孔124。
在纵向孔124周围形成半圆弧状凹部126及由此向半径方向陷入装配底座120的凹部128，两凹部都与纵向孔的入口处相联，以此扩大与排水孔110之间的接合部口径。
如图6及图2所示，纵向孔124与基座68厚度范围之内垂直交差的横向孔130连通，该横向孔130贯穿基座宽度的同时，从一头向另一头常有斜度(参照图6)，以便使进入内部的水迅速排出在外。
图5中符号132是为装上装配螺钉116前端用螺孔，134是为使电机轴82穿过的电动机轴孔。
从图2看到，电动机52是用装配螺钉116装配在减速器54上，电动机轴82通过轴孔76(图4)及电动机轴孔134(图5)进入减速器54，在其底部附近端头的输出齿轮140与2级惰转齿轮之上级齿轮142啮合，其下级齿轮144与中间齿轮146啮合，中间齿轮146及同轴上的驱动伞齿轮148与被动伞齿轮150啮合。被动伞齿轮150借助单向联轴器(未图示)与曲轴56联接，以辅助输入曲轴56的驱动力。图中符号152是减速器54的底盖。
本实施例的作用如下：当水溅到电动机52上部时，因为用O型圈120密封贯通接线柱100而设的上盖74上的接线柱孔94，水不能进入内部。从电动机下部进入也难以到达顶部。
通过把包括电刷88，弹簧90及电刷夹92的电刷机构设在电机内上部的方法，只用O型密封圈密封即可为这些部分防水，防止水溅到电刷上。
再说，既是水进到电机壳70之内，因为每个定子磁铁片112之间设有间隙，形成上下方向的水路114，通过该水通路114可迅速从排水孔110向纵向孔124排出。从而防止水附着于定子磁铁112表面上，尤其防止冻结的同时，防止因转子84的旋转，使水飞溅粘附在电刷88的现象。
当洗车时，即使水溅到电动机52的下部，因纵向孔124和横向孔130构成迷宫式结构，大部分水只通过横向孔，极难进入纵向孔124之内。
假设通过横向孔130及纵向孔124向电机内进水，因纵向孔124是上下方向开着的，进水很快落下来被排出，极难向电动机机壳70内部深处渗入。
因此，可防止水浇到电刷88的同时，可使电动机52采取开放性结构，可省略精密的机械加工，省去电动机轴82与机壳70之间高价的滑动部防水密封件及密封性检验工序，所以可达到廉价地提供电动车辆用电动机目的。

Claims (1)

1．一种电动车辆用电机防水结构，该电动车辆包括从前管向斜下后方直线延伸的主梁、向下弯曲的中间部以及垂直向上下延伸的座席架，在上述弯曲的中间部近旁设置有包含曲轴和马达在内的辅助动力机构，其特征在于，上述马达配置在曲轴的后方，与马达连接的导线通过防水构件连接到辅助动力机构的上部，在该辅助动力机构上设有将马达内部空间与大气连通的连通通路，且该连通路沿车辆宽度方向指向地开口于该辅助动力机构的侧面上，该开口位于曲轴的后方。
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JP6507887B2 (ja) * 2015-07-01 2019-05-08 株式会社デンソー 駆動装置
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