CN107043479A - 耐150℃高阻燃低烟无卤环保型电缆材料的制备方法 - Google Patents

耐150℃高阻燃低烟无卤环保型电缆材料的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN107043479A
CN107043479A CN201710380178.7A CN201710380178A CN107043479A CN 107043479 A CN107043479 A CN 107043479A CN 201710380178 A CN201710380178 A CN 201710380178A CN 107043479 A CN107043479 A CN 107043479A
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李盛祥
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种耐150℃高阻燃低烟无卤环保型电缆材料的制备方法，按照重量份计，电缆材料由以下组分构成：基材50‑65份，无机填充料10‑15份，无卤阻燃剂15‑25份，加工助剂10‑15份；该制备方法的步骤包括配料、混料、密练、挤出、分切。采用多步混合造粒工艺，可提高阻燃剂与基体材料的相容性。对阻燃剂实施表面包覆处理并添加高分子相容剂，增加无机材料与基体材料的相互作用，保证材料有足够的拉伸强度，有效提高材料的断裂伸长率。在材料中加入少量的表面活性剂，增加复合体系的流动性，提高电缆料挤出后的表面质量。

Description

耐150℃高阻燃低烟无卤环保型电缆材料的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及耐150℃高阻燃低烟无卤环保型电缆材料的制备方法，属于高分子化合物领域。
背景技术
国家逐步禁止使用非环保型电缆，并要求控制线缆、布线缆、充电桩电缆等产品的阻燃性能，也要达到UL标准要求。欧盟在RoHS指令中明确规定投放市场的电气设备产品中不能含有铅、汞、镉、六价铬、聚溴联苯6种有害物质。耐150℃高阻燃低烟无卤环保型电缆材料，可用于高温条件下的控制电缆、电力电缆、充电桩联接电缆等，产品具有优异耐候性、耐老化、耐150℃高温、高阻燃性、产品环保，材料加工后的外观质感温和、表面光泽雾亮度可调整。
发明内容
本发明的目的就是为了解决上述问题，提供一种耐150℃高阻燃低烟无卤环保型电缆材料的制备方法。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：一种耐150℃高阻燃低烟无卤环保型电缆材料的制备方法，
按照重量份计，电缆材料由以下组分构成：以低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃、纳米 EVA材料、橡胶/聚丙烯共聚物混合为基材50-65份，无机填充料10-15份，无卤阻燃剂15-25份，加工助剂10-15份；
所述无卤阻燃剂分为主阻燃剂及副阻燃剂，主助燃剂为三聚氰胺氰脲酸盐、硬脂酸镁、磷酸盐、磷酸酯、氢氧化铝/镁、有机硅中的3-5种构成；
副阻燃剂为塑料改性重复剂、表面合性剂、成核剂、抗氧剂、敏化剂、热塑性弹性体中的2-4种构成；
该制备方法的步骤如下：
S1、将原材料按照配比混合造粒，阻燃母粒和混合好的配料全部加入到密炼机腔体内，以150-200℃的温度，密炼15-25分钟，使配方料熔解、粘合成块；
S2、将密炼好的配方料块，自动输送至双螺杆挤出机的进料口加入，经过双螺杆挤出机180-250℃的高温塑化混炼后；再流入单螺杆挤出机的进料口，经过单螺杆挤出机180-250℃的高温塑化挤出，最后分切成颗粒状、由风冷却后装袋。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下有益效果：1)采用多步混合造粒工艺，可提高阻燃剂与基体材料的相容性。2)对阻燃剂实施表面包覆处理并添加高分子相容剂，增加无机材料与基体材料的相互作用，保证材料有足够的拉伸强度，有效提高材料的断裂伸长率。3)在材料中加入少量的表面活性剂，增加复合体系的流动性，提高电缆料挤出后的表面质量。
具体实施方式
实施例1：耐150℃高阻燃低烟无卤环保型电缆材料的制备方法中，按照重量份计，电缆材料由以下组分构成：以低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃、纳米EVA材料、橡胶/聚丙烯共聚物混合为基材50-65份，无机填充料10-15份，无卤阻燃剂 15-25份，加工助剂10-15份；
所述无卤阻燃剂分为主阻燃剂及副阻燃剂，主助燃剂为三聚氰胺氰脲酸盐、硬脂酸镁、磷酸盐、磷酸酯、氢氧化铝/镁、有机硅中的3-5种构成；
副阻燃剂为塑料改性重复剂、表面合性剂、成核剂、抗氧剂、敏化剂、热塑性弹性体中的2-4种构成；
该制备方法的步骤如下：S1、将原材料按照配比混合造粒，阻燃母粒和混合好的配料全部加入到密炼机腔体内，以150-200℃的温度，密炼15-25分钟，使配方料熔解、粘合成块；S2、将密炼好的配方料块，自动输送至双螺杆挤出机的进料口加入，经过双螺杆挤出机180-250℃的高温塑化混炼后；再流入单螺杆挤出机的进料口，经过单螺杆挤出机180-250℃的高温塑化挤出，最后分切成颗粒状、由风冷却后装袋。
按重量份计，基材由以下组分构成：低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃35-48份、纳米 EVA材料28-43份、橡胶/聚丙烯共聚物17-29份。
本发明技术方案通过以基础材料、主阻燃剂、协同副阻燃剂的添加，通过多次试验确定电缆料原辅材料的配比，并强化界面柔性层的脱黏作用，确保各各类助剂在基体树脂中均匀分散，从而解决了由于大量填充造成的电缆料力学性能下降的问题，改善了电缆料的综合性能。相比于现有的复合阻燃剂，本发明的原料组份配比可获得高性能的低烟无卤阻燃电缆料，其中，电缆料的氧指数≥36％，拉伸强度≥9.5Mpa，断裂伸长率≥200％，阻燃性能为UL，VW-1(现有采用复合阻燃剂的低烟无卤阻燃电缆料或者仅能实现高氧指数、或者仅能实现高拉伸强度、或者仅能实现断裂伸长率、或者仅能实现VW-1的阻燃性能，没有可同时实现上述高性能的电缆料)。
该材料能满足UL标准要求、阻燃达到UL1581VW-1等级,良好的耐高温、耐热氧老化和紫外老化性能；具有优异的电气绝缘性能；且符合RoHS、SVHC、 PFOS&PFOA、16P、Halogen-free、PAHs等法规对产品的要求，生产工艺满足电线电缆生产的需求；该材料的制备方法、工艺简单，材料成本较低。
主阻燃剂与副阻燃剂的配比方式，可参考实施例2和实施例3,。
实施例2：所述无卤阻燃剂分为主阻燃剂及副阻燃剂，主助燃剂为三聚氰胺氰脲酸盐、硬脂酸镁、磷酸盐、磷酸酯、氢氧化铝/镁、有机硅中的3-5种按一定配比，进行排列、重组而构成；具体配比如下(按重量份计)：
方案21
三聚氰胺氰脲酸盐、磷酸盐、氢氧化铝/镁、有机硅，配比3.1-4.2：2.8-3.9： 2.1-3.4：1.5-2.5。
方案22
硬脂酸镁、磷酸盐、磷酸酯、氢氧化铝/镁、有机硅，配比2.4-3.2：1.2-1.7： 2.1-3.1：3.2-4.3：1.1-2.2。
方案23
三聚氰胺氰脲酸盐、硬脂酸镁、磷酸盐、磷酸酯、有机硅，配比2.5-3.2： 1.1-1.9：1.2-1.7：2.3-3.4：1.9-2.8。
方案24
三聚氰胺氰脲酸盐、硬脂酸镁、磷酸盐、磷酸酯、氢氧化铝/镁，配比2.3-3.3：1.0-1.5：1.2-1.6：1.7-2.4：2.8-4.2。
方案25
三聚氰胺氰脲酸盐、硬脂酸镁、磷酸盐、氧化铝/镁、有机硅，配比2.3-4.3： 1.7-2.7：1.6-2.8：1.3-2.3：2.1-3.4。
实施例3：副阻燃剂为塑料改性重复剂、表面合性剂、成核剂、抗氧剂、敏化剂、热塑性弹性体中的2-5按配比排列重组而构成；具体配比如下(按重量份计)：
方案31：
塑料改性重复剂、表面合性剂、成核剂、热塑性弹性体，配比2.3-3.6： 1.2-2.8：1.6-2.9：2.4-3.7。
方案32
塑料改性重复剂、抗氧剂、敏化剂、热塑性弹性体，配比2.4-3.8：1.3-2.6： 1.7-2.7：2.6-3.9。
方案33
塑料改性重复剂、表面合性剂、敏化剂、热塑性弹性体，配比2.4-3.7： 1.5-2.6：1.5-2.4：2.6-3.8。
方案34
塑料改性重复剂、成核剂、抗氧剂、敏化剂、热塑性弹性体，配比2.1-4.7： 1.7-2.3：1.6-2.3：1.3-2.8：2.3-3.4。
方案35
塑料改性重复剂、表面合性剂、成核剂、敏化剂、热塑性弹性体，配比 2.3-4.3：1.9-3.2：1.7-2.9：1.6-2.5：2.5-3.6。
方案36
塑料改性重复剂、表面合性剂、抗氧剂、热塑性弹性体，配比2.5-3.8： 1.3-2.9：1.8-2.6：2.4-3.7。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施方式，本发明的保护范围并不仅限于上述实施方式，凡是属于本发明原理的技术方案均属于本发明的保护范围。对于本领域的技术人员而言，在不脱离本发明的原理的前提下进行的若干改进，这些改进也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (2)

1.一种耐150℃高阻燃低烟无卤环保型电缆材料的制备方法，其特征在于，
按照重量份计，电缆材料由以下组分构成：以低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃、纳米EVA材料、橡胶/聚丙烯共聚物混合为基材50-65份，无机填充料10-15份，无卤阻燃剂15-25份，加工助剂10-15份；
所述无卤阻燃剂分为主阻燃剂及副阻燃剂，主助燃剂为三聚氰胺氰脲酸盐、硬脂酸镁、磷酸盐、磷酸酯、氢氧化铝/镁、有机硅中的3-5种按一定配比，进行排列、重组而构成；
副阻燃剂为塑料改性重复剂、表面合性剂、成核剂、抗氧剂、敏化剂、热塑性弹性体中的2-5按配比排列重组而构成；
该制备方法的步骤如下：
S1、将原材料按照配比混合造粒，阻燃母粒和混合好的配料全部加入到密炼机腔体内，以150～200℃的温度，密炼15～25分钟，使配方料熔解、粘合成块；
S2、将密炼好的配方料块，自动输送至双螺杆挤出机的进料口加入，经过双螺杆挤出机180-250℃的高温塑化混炼后；再流入单螺杆挤出机的进料口，经过单螺杆挤出机180-250℃的高温塑化挤出，最后分切成颗粒状、由风冷却后装袋。
2.根据权利要求1所述的耐150℃高阻燃低烟无卤环保型电缆材料的制备方法，其特征在于：按重量份计，基材由以下组分构成：低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃35-48份、纳米EVA材料28-43份、橡胶/聚丙烯共聚物17-29份。
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108395633A (zh) * 2018-04-02 2018-08-14 合肥励仙电力工程有限公司 一种充电桩用耐候防火弹性电缆材料及其制备方法
CN114102901A (zh) * 2021-11-23 2022-03-01 刘帮奇 一种阻燃绝缘复合材料及其制备工艺及装置

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CN106496757A (zh) * 2016-11-07 2017-03-15 中广核三角洲（中山）高聚物有限公司 一种耐150℃免辐照耐油低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃电缆料及其制备方法

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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CN108395633A (zh) * 2018-04-02 2018-08-14 合肥励仙电力工程有限公司 一种充电桩用耐候防火弹性电缆材料及其制备方法
CN114102901A (zh) * 2021-11-23 2022-03-01 刘帮奇 一种阻燃绝缘复合材料及其制备工艺及装置

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