CN107032481B - Biofilm filler, preparation method thereof and biofilm reactor - Google Patents
Biofilm filler, preparation method thereof and biofilm reactor Download PDFInfo
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- CN107032481B CN107032481B CN201710300532.0A CN201710300532A CN107032481B CN 107032481 B CN107032481 B CN 107032481B CN 201710300532 A CN201710300532 A CN 201710300532A CN 107032481 B CN107032481 B CN 107032481B
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Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
- C02F3/10—Packings; Fillings; Grids
- C02F3/105—Characterized by the chemical composition
- C02F3/107—Inorganic materials, e.g. sand, silicates
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of water treatment, and particularly relates to a biofilm filler, a preparation method thereof and a biofilm reactor. The biofilm filler is prepared from water and dry materials in parts by weight as follows: 25-30 parts of sludge biochar; 30-35 parts of walnut shell biochar; 15-20 parts of quick lime; 20-25 parts of Portland cement; 0.3-0.5 part of aluminum powder. The invention optimizes the types and contents of the raw materials for preparing the biomembrane filler to obtain the biomembrane filler with high strength, good biological affinity and more folds and pores on the surface. When the biological membrane bioreactor is applied to the biological membrane reactor, microorganisms in sewage can be firmly attached to the surface of the biological membrane reactor and can be rapidly propagated, and higher transfer efficiency can be kept with oxygen in the biological membrane reactor, so that the membrane hanging time of the microorganisms on the surface of a filler in the sewage is shortened, the proportion and activity of aerobic microorganisms in the biological membrane attached to the surface of the filler are improved, and the sewage degradation efficiency of the membrane bioreactor is further improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of water treatment, and particularly relates to a biofilm filler, a preparation method thereof and a biofilm reactor.
Background
In recent years, along with the rapid development of economy, China also brings a series of environmental problems while pursuing the increase of GDP, wherein the shortage of fresh water resources forces the treatment technology of urban domestic sewage to be particularly important. However, with the improvement of living standard of people, the content of nitrogen and phosphorus in urban domestic sewage is increased, the organic components are complex, the traditional biological sewage treatment technology cannot follow the pace, the treatment effect is poor, and the biofilm method treatment process is quick due to the characteristics of high treatment efficiency, low sludge production of residual sludge, convenient operation and management and the like, and has wide application prospect in sewage treatment.
The biofilm method is a method for treating organic wastewater by using microorganisms (i.e., biofilm) attached to and growing on the surface of some solid matter. The biological membrane is an ecosystem consisting of highly dense aerobic bacteria, anaerobic bacteria, facultative bacteria, fungi, protozoa, algae and the like, and the attached solid medium is called as a filler or a carrier. At present, natural fillers such as quartz sand, anthracite, marble, dolomite, magnetite ore, garnet, manganese sand and the like and artificial fillers such as polystyrene foam plastic balls, high-efficiency fiber bundles, ceramic filter materials and the like are widely used in a biofilm reactor, but the biofilm reactor adopting the fillers generally has the problems of long biofilm formation time and low sewage degradation efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention aims to provide a biofilm filler, a preparation method thereof and a biofilm reactor, wherein the biofilm reactor filled with the biofilm filler has short biofilm formation time and high sewage degradation efficiency.
The invention provides a biofilm filler which is prepared from water and dry materials in parts by weight as follows:
preferably, the average particle size of the sludge biochar is 0.1-1 mm.
Preferably, the average particle size of the walnut shell biochar is 0.2-2 cm.
Preferably, the mesh number of the aluminum powder is 50-500 meshes.
Preferably, the portland cement has one or more of the following designations p.c32.5, p.c42.5, p.c52.5, p.f32.5, p.f42.5, p.f52.5, p.p42.5, p.p52.5, p.o42.5 and p.o 52.5.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the water to the dry materials is (30-45): (100-110).
The invention provides a preparation method of the biofilm filler in the technical scheme, which comprises the following steps:
a) mixing sludge biochar, walnut shell biochar, quicklime, portland cement, aluminum powder and water to obtain slurry to be poured;
b) and pouring the slurry to be poured into a mold, and allowing the slurry to generate gas in the mold and solidify to obtain the biofilm filler.
Preferably, the step a) specifically comprises:
a1) mixing sludge biochar, walnut shell biochar, quicklime, portland cement and water to obtain primary slurry;
a2) and mixing the primary slurry with aluminum powder to obtain slurry to be poured.
Preferably, step b) further comprises:
and (3) after the slurry is gasified and solidified in the mold, sending the slurry into an autoclave for curing to obtain the biofilm filler.
The invention provides a biofilm reactor, which comprises the biofilm filler in the technical scheme or the biofilm filler prepared by the method in the technical scheme.
Compared with the prior art, the invention provides a biofilm filler, a preparation method thereof and a biofilm reactor. The biofilm filler provided by the invention is prepared from water and dry materials in parts by weight as follows: 25-30 parts of sludge biochar; 30-35 parts of walnut shell biochar; 15-20 parts of quick lime; 20-25 parts of Portland cement; 0.3-0.5 part of aluminum powder. According to the invention, the raw material types and contents for preparing the biomembrane filler are optimally selected, so that the biomembrane filler which is high in strength, good in biological affinity and provided with more folds and pore channels on the surface is obtained. When the biological membrane bioreactor is applied to the biological membrane reactor, microorganisms in sewage can be firmly attached to the surface of the biological membrane reactor and can be rapidly propagated, and higher transfer efficiency can be kept with oxygen in the biological membrane reactor, so that the membrane hanging time of the microorganisms on the surface of a filler in the sewage is shortened, the proportion and activity of aerobic microorganisms in the biological membrane attached to the surface of the filler are improved, and the sewage degradation efficiency of the membrane bioreactor is further improved. In addition, the sludge biochar used for preparing the biomembrane filler can be prepared from residual sludge of a sewage plant, so that the requirement of recycling can be met, and the problem of sludge disposal can be solved. The experimental result shows that under the same condition, compared with the biofilm reactor filled with the traditional filler, the biofilm formation time of the biofilm reactor filled with the filler disclosed by the invention is shortened by 6 days, the thickness of a mature biofilm is increased by 18.5%, the effluent TN is less than 10mg/L, the COD is less than 50mg/L, and the BOD is less than 10 mg/L.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a biofilm reactor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a bubble cutting orifice plate provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a scanning electron microscope image of a certain position of the filler provided in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a scanning electron microscope image of another location of the filler provided in example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a biofilm filler which is prepared from water and dry materials in parts by weight as follows:
the biofilm filler provided by the invention is prepared from water and dry materials, wherein the dry materials comprise sludge biochar, walnut shell biochar, quicklime, portland cement and aluminum powder. Wherein the average particle diameter of the sludge biochar is preferably 0.1-1 mm, and specifically can be 0.15mm, 0.2mm, 0.25mm, 0.3mm, 0.31mm, 0.32mm, 0.33mm, 0.34mm, 0.35mm, 0.36mm, 0.37mm, 0.38mm, 0.39mm, 0.4mm, 0.41mm, 0.42mm, 0.43mm, 0.44mm, 0.4mm5mm, 0.5mm, 0.55mm, 0.6mm, 0.65mm, 0.7mm, 0.75mm, 0.8mm, 0.85mm, 0.9mm or 0.95 mm; the specific surface area of the sludge biochar is preferably 10-100 m2A specific value of 15 m/g2/g、20m2/g、25m2/g、30m2/g、35m2/g、40m2/g、41m2/g、42m2/g、43m2/g、44m2/g、45m2/g、46m2/g、47m2/g、48m2/g、49m2/g、50m2/g、51m2/g、52m2/g、53m2/g、54m2/g、55m2/g、56m2/g、57m2/g、58m2/g、59m2/g、60m2/g、61m2/g、62m2/g、63m2/g、64m2/g、65m2/g、66m2/g、67m2/g、68m2/g、69m2/g、70m2/g、75m2/g、80m2/g、85m2/g、90m2(ii)/g or 95m2(ii)/g; the pore volume of the sludge biochar is preferably 0.01-0.1 cm3A specific value of 0.015 cm/g3/g、0.02cm3/g、0.025cm3/g、0.03cm3/g、0.031cm3/g、0.032cm3/g、0.033cm3/g、0.034cm3/g、0.035cm3/g、0.036cm3/g、0.037cm3/g、0.038cm3/g、0.039cm3/g、0.04cm3/g、0.041cm3/g、0.042cm3/g、0.043cm3/g、0.044cm3/g、0.045cm3/g、0.046cm3/g、0.047cm3/g、0.048cm3/g、0.049cm3/g、0.05cm3/g、0.051cm3/g、0.052cm3/g、0.053cm3/g、0.054cm3/g、0.055cm3/g、0.056cm3/g、0.057cm3/g、0.058cm3/g、0.059cm3/g、0.06cm3/g、0.065cm3/g、0.07cm3/g、0.075cm3/g、0.08cm3/g、0.085cm3/g、0.09cm3Per g or 0.095cm3(ii) in terms of/g. In the invention, the content of the sludge biochar in the dry material is 25-30 parts by weight, and specifically can be 25 parts by weight, 26 parts by weight, 27 parts by weight, 28 parts by weight, 29 parts by weight or 30 parts by weight. The source of the sludge biochar is not particularly limited, and the sludge biochar can be prepared by the following method: and (3) sequentially dehydrating, drying, crushing and carbonizing the residual activated sludge of the sewage treatment plant to obtain the sludge biochar. Wherein the water content of the residual activated sludge can be 40-70%, and specifically can be 50%, 55%, 60% or 65%; the drying temperature is preferably not less than 100 ℃, more preferably 100-150 ℃, and specifically can be 105 ℃, 110 ℃, 115 ℃, 120 ℃, 125 ℃, 130 ℃, 135 ℃, 140 ℃ or 145 ℃; in the present invention, the drying time is not particularly limited, and the drying may be carried out until the weight is constant; the average particle size of the granules obtained after crushing is preferably 0.1-1 mm, and specifically can be 0.2mm, 0.3mm, 0.4mm, 0.5mm, 0.6mm, 0.7mm, 0.8mm or 0.9 mm; the carbonization temperature is preferably 300-500 deg.C, specifically 310 deg.C, 320 deg.C, 330 deg.C, 340 deg.C, 350 deg.C, 360 deg.C, 370 deg.C, 380 deg.C, 390 deg.C, 400 deg.C, 410 deg.C, 420 deg.C, 430 deg.C, 440 deg.C, 450 deg.C, 460 deg.C, 470 deg.C, 480 deg.C; the carbonization time is preferably 0.5-2 h, and specifically can be 0.6h, 0.7h, 0.8h, 0.9h, 1h, 1.1h, 1.2h, 1.3h, 1.4h, 1.5h, 1.6h, 1.7h, 1.8h or 1.9 h.
In the present invention, the average particle size of the walnut shell biochar is preferably 0.2 to 2cm, and specifically may be 0.25cm, 0.3cm, 0.35cm, 0.36cm, 0.37cm, 0.38cm, 0.39cm, 0.4cm, 0.41cm, 0.42cm, 0.43cm, 0.44cm, 0.45cm, 0.46cm, 0.47cm, 0.48cm, 0.49cm, 0.5cm, 0.55cm, 0.6cm, 0.65cm, 0.7cm, 0.71cm, 0.72cm, 0.73cm, 0.74cm, 0.75cm, 0.76cm, 0.77cm, 0.78cm, 0.79cm, 0.8cm, 0.81cm, 0.82cm, 0.83cm, 0.84cm, 0.85cm, 0.86cm, 0.87cm, 0.88cm, 0.91cm, 0.96cm, 0.95cm, 0.93cm, 0.96cm, 0.93cm, 0.96cm, or 0.93 cm; the preferred specific surface area of the walnut shell biochar is 50-100 m2A specific value of 55 m/g2/g、60m2/g、65m2/g、66m2/g、67m2/g、68m2/g、69m2/g、70m2/g、71m2/g、72m2/g、73m2/g、74m2/g、75m2/g、76m2/g、77m2/g、78m2/g、79m2/g、80m2/g、81m2/g、82m2/g、83m2/g、84m2/g、85m2/g、90m2(ii)/g or 95m2(ii) in terms of/g. In the invention, the content of the walnut shell biochar in the dry material is 30-35 parts by weight, and specifically can be 30 parts by weight, 31 parts by weight, 32 parts by weight, 33 parts by weight, 34 parts by weight or 35 parts by weight. The source of the walnut shell biochar is not particularly limited, and the walnut shell biochar can be prepared by the following method: the walnut shell particles are dried and carbonized in sequence to obtain the walnut shell biochar. Wherein the drying temperature is preferably not less than 100 ℃, more preferably 100-150 ℃, and specifically can be 105 ℃, 110 ℃, 115 ℃, 120 ℃, 125 ℃, 130 ℃, 135 ℃, 140 ℃ or 145 ℃; the drying time is preferably 12-96 h, more preferably 24-72 h, and specifically can be selected from 30h, 36h, 40h, 48h, 50h, 55h, 60h, 65h or 70 h; the carbonization temperature is preferably 500-1000 ℃, and can be specifically selected from 550 ℃, 600 ℃, 650 ℃, 700 ℃, 750 ℃, 800 ℃, 850 ℃, 900 ℃ or 950 ℃; the carbonization time is preferably 1-3 h, and specifically 1.1h, 1.2h, 1.3h, 1.4h, 1.5h, 1.6h, 1.7h, 1.8h, 1.9h, 2h, 2.1h, 2.2h, 2.3h, 2.4h, 2.5h, 2.6h, 2.7h, 2.8h, 2.9h or 3h can be selected.
In the invention, the content of the quicklime (CaO) in the dry material is 15 to 20 parts by weight, and specifically, 15 parts by weight, 16 parts by weight, 17 parts by weight, 18 parts by weight, 19 parts by weight or 20 parts by weight. In the present invention, the source of the quicklime is not particularly limited, and commercially available quicklime may be used.
In the present invention, the content of the portland cement in the dry material is 20 to 25 parts by weight, specifically 20 parts by weight, 21 parts by weight, 22 parts by weight, 23 parts by weight, 24 parts by weight, or 25 parts by weight. In the present invention, the portland cement includes, but is not limited to, one or more of pozzolan portland cement, fly ash portland cement, and composite portland cement; the portland cement reference numerals include, but are not limited to, one or more of p.c32.5, p.c42.5, p.c52.5, p.f32.5, p.f42.5, p.f52.5, p.p42.5, p.p52.5, p.o42.5, and p.o 52.5. In the present invention, the source of the portland cement is not particularly limited, and commercially available quicklime may be used.
In the present invention, the content of the aluminum powder in the dry material is 0.3 to 0.5 parts by weight, and specifically may be 0.31 part by weight, 0.32 part by weight, 0.33 part by weight, 0.34 part by weight, 0.35 part by weight, 0.36 part by weight, 0.37 part by weight, 0.38 part by weight, 0.39 part by weight, 0.4 part by weight, 0.41 part by weight, 0.42 part by weight, 0.43 part by weight, 0.44 part by weight, 0.45 part by weight, 0.46 part by weight, 0.47 part by weight, 0.48 part by weight, or 0.49 part by weight. In the present invention, the mesh number of the aluminum powder is preferably 50 to 500 meshes, and specifically, may be 100 meshes, 150 meshes, 200 meshes, 250 meshes, 300 meshes, 350 meshes, 400 meshes or 450 meshes.
In the present invention, the biofilm carrier is made of the above-mentioned dry material and water. The mass ratio of the water to the dry materials is preferably (30-45): (100-110), more preferably (30-45): (101-105), which can be selected from 35: (101 to 105) or 40: (101 to 105). In one embodiment of the present invention, the amount of the water is 30 to 45 parts by weight, and specifically may be 30 parts by weight, 31 parts by weight, 32 parts by weight, 33 parts by weight, 34 parts by weight, 35 parts by weight, 36 parts by weight, 37 parts by weight, 38 parts by weight, 39 parts by weight, 40 parts by weight, 41 parts by weight, 42 parts by weight, 43 parts by weight, 44 parts by weight, or 45 parts by weight.
The shape of the biofilm filler is not particularly limited, and the biofilm filler may be in a shower shape, a spindle shape, a spherical shape, a belt shape, or the like. In one embodiment of the present invention, the biofilm filler can be directly connected with the aeration pipe of the biofilm reactor, i.e. the aeration pipe can directly aerate the inside of the biofilm filler, and the biofilm filler and the aeration pipe are preferably connected through screw threads.
According to the invention, the raw material types and contents for preparing the biomembrane filler are optimally selected, so that the biomembrane filler which is high in strength, good in biological affinity and provided with more folds and pore channels on the surface is obtained. When the biological membrane bioreactor is applied to the biological membrane reactor, microorganisms in sewage can be firmly attached to the surface of the biological membrane reactor and can be rapidly propagated, and higher transfer efficiency can be kept with oxygen in the biological membrane reactor, so that the membrane hanging time of the microorganisms on the surface of a filler in the sewage is shortened, the proportion and activity of aerobic microorganisms in the biological membrane attached to the surface of the filler are improved, and the sewage degradation efficiency of the membrane bioreactor is further improved. In addition, the sludge biochar used for preparing the biomembrane filler can be prepared from residual sludge of a sewage plant, so that the requirement of recycling can be met, and the problem of sludge disposal can be solved.
Experimental results show that the surface of the biomembrane filler provided by the invention is fully provided with the pore channels and the wrinkles, the external pore channels are sequentially enlarged from bottom to top, and most of the internal pore channels are communicated with each other, so that the filler with the shape is beneficial to improving the transfer efficiency of the filler and oxygen, the specific gravity and the activity of aerobic microorganisms on the filler are improved, and the sewage degradation efficiency is further improved; under the same condition, compared with the biofilm reactor filled with the traditional filler, the biofilm formation time of the biofilm reactor filled with the filler is shortened by 6 days, the thickness of the matured biofilm is increased by 18.5 percent, the effluent TN is less than 10mg/L, the COD is less than 50mg/L, and the BOD is less than 10 mg/L.
The invention provides a preparation method of the biofilm filler in the technical scheme, which comprises the following steps:
a) mixing sludge biochar, walnut shell biochar, quicklime, portland cement, aluminum powder and water to obtain slurry to be poured;
b) and pouring the slurry to be poured into a mold, and allowing the slurry to be poured to generate gas in the mold and solidify to obtain the biofilm filler.
In the preparation method provided by the invention, sludge biochar, walnut shell biochar, quicklime, portland cement, aluminum powder and water are mixed to obtain slurry to be poured. In the present invention, the above raw materials are preferably mixed in the following manner:
a1) mixing sludge biochar, walnut shell biochar, quicklime, portland cement and water to obtain primary slurry;
a2) mixing the primary slurry with aluminum powder to obtain slurry to be poured; the mixing time of the primary slurry and the aluminum powder is preferably 5-15 min, and specifically can be 5min, 6min, 7min, 8min, 9min, 10min, 11min, 12min, 13min, 14min or 15 min.
And after obtaining the slurry to be poured, pouring the slurry to be poured into a mold, and aerating and solidifying the slurry in the mold. In the invention, the mould is a porous mould, and gas generated in the slurry gas generating process is discharged out of the mould through the pores. In the invention, the time for the slurry to outgas and solidify in the mold is preferably 2-15 h, and specifically can be 3h, 4h, 5h, 6h, 7h, 8h, 9h, 10h, 11h, 12h, 13h or 14 h. And (4) after the slurry is gasified and cured in the mold, obtaining the biological film filler. In the present invention, the slurry is preferably sent to an autoclave for curing after being gasified and cured in the mold. Wherein the vapor pressure of the curing is preferably 0.5-1.5 MPa, and specifically 0.6MPa, 0.7MPa, 0.8MPa, 0.9MPa, 1MPa, 1.1MPa, 1.2MPa, 1.3MPa or 1.4 MPa; the curing temperature is preferably 60-120 ℃, and can be specifically selected to be 70 ℃, 80 ℃, 90 ℃, 100 ℃ or 110 ℃; the curing time is preferably 6-24 h, and can be specifically selected from 7h, 8h, 9h, 10h, 11h, 12h, 13h, 14h, 15h, 16h, 17h, 18h, 19h, 20h, 21h, 22h or 23 h. And after the maintenance is finished, taking the mixture out of the kettle to obtain the biomembrane filler with more excellent strength.
According to the invention, the raw material types and contents for preparing the biomembrane filler are optimally selected, so that the biomembrane filler which is high in strength, good in biological affinity and provided with more folds and pore channels on the surface is obtained. When the biological membrane bioreactor is applied to the biological membrane reactor, microorganisms in sewage can be firmly attached to the surface of the biological membrane reactor and can be rapidly propagated, and higher transfer efficiency can be kept with oxygen in the biological membrane reactor, so that the membrane hanging time of the microorganisms on the surface of a filler in the sewage is shortened, the proportion and activity of aerobic microorganisms in the biological membrane attached to the surface of the filler are improved, and the sewage degradation efficiency of the membrane bioreactor is further improved. In addition, the sludge biochar used for preparing the biomembrane filler can be prepared from residual sludge of a sewage plant, so that the requirement of recycling can be met, and the problem of sludge disposal can be solved. The experimental result shows that under the same condition, compared with the biofilm reactor filled with the traditional filler, the biofilm formation time of the biofilm reactor filled with the filler disclosed by the invention is shortened by 6 days, the thickness of a mature biofilm is increased by 18.5%, the effluent TN is less than 10mg/L, the COD is less than 50mg/L, and the BOD is less than 10 mg/L.
The invention provides a biofilm reactor, which comprises the biofilm filler in the technical scheme or the biofilm filler prepared by the method in the technical scheme.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a biofilm reactor according to an embodiment of the present invention. In the figure 1, 1 is a sewage reaction tank, 2 is an aeration pipe, 3 is an air outlet, 4 is a biological film filler, and 5 is a bubble cutter. And 6 is a blower.
The biofilm reactor provided by the invention comprises a sewage reaction tank 1, an aeration pipe 2 arranged in the sewage reaction tank 1 and the filler filled in the sewage reaction tank 1. Wherein, the sewage reaction tank 1 is provided with a water inlet and a water outlet, sewage to be treated enters the sewage reaction tank 1 from the water inlet and is treated by a biomembrane method in the sewage reaction tank 1, and the treated sewage is discharged from the water outlet and flows into the subsequent procedures.
In the present invention, the aeration pipe 2 is used to aerate the interior of the sewage reaction tank 1 and provide an oxygen environment for the sewage reaction tank 1. In the invention, a plurality of air outlet positions 3 are arranged on the aeration pipe 2, and air in the aeration pipe 2 is discharged from the air outlet positions 3. In one embodiment of the present invention, each gas outlet 3 is provided with a valve for adjusting the displacement of the gas outlet 3. In one embodiment of the present invention, the air inlet of the aeration pipe 2 is connected to the air outlet of the blower 6.
In the invention, the biofilm filler 4 is positioned in the inner cavity of the sewage reaction tank 1, and when the biofilm reactor runs, microorganisms in sewage can form a biofilm on the surface of the biofilm filler 4, and the biofilm can degrade pollutants in the sewage. In one embodiment provided by the present invention, biofilm carrier 4 is connected to gas outlet 3. In one embodiment provided by the invention, the biofilm carrier 4 is connected with the air outlet 3 through a screw thread. In the invention, the biological film filler 4 is connected with the air outlet 3, so that the aeration pipe can directly aerate the interior of the biological film filler, thus microorganisms in the biological film attached to the biological film filler obtain sufficient oxygen, the microorganisms are ensured to be fully in an aerobic environment, and the degradation efficiency of aerobic microorganisms in the biological film to pollutants in water is improved. The shape of the biofilm carrier 3 in the present invention is not particularly limited, and may be a shower shape, a spindle shape, a spherical shape, a ribbon shape, or the like.
In one embodiment provided by the invention, a bubble cutter 5 is further arranged between the biofilm filler 4 and the air outlet 3 and is used for cutting air discharged from the air outlet 3 into bubbles with a certain diameter so as to improve oxygen transfer efficiency. The air inlet end of the bubble cutter 5 is connected with the air outlet position 3, the air outlet end of the bubble cutter 5 is connected with the biological membrane filler 4, and the inner cavity of the bubble cutter 5 is provided with a bubble cutting pore plate along the direction perpendicular to the air movement direction, as shown in fig. 2, fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the bubble cutting pore plate provided by the embodiment of the invention. In one embodiment of the invention, the bubble cutter 5 is connected with the air outlet 3 through threads, and the bubble cutter 5 is connected with the biofilm packing 4 through threads. In one embodiment of the present invention, a handle is provided on the outer wall of the bubble cutter 5, thereby facilitating the removal and installation of the bubble cutter 5.
In the present invention, the biofilm reactor is operated as follows: sewage gets into the reaction tank from the water inlet of sewage reaction tank, simultaneously through the aeration pipe to the interior aeration of reaction tank in order to improve the oxygen content in the sewage, the microorganism in the sewage is at the filler surface biofilm formation in the reaction tank, forms stable biomembrane after a period of time, and the microorganism in the biomembrane degrades the pollutant in the sewage to the realization is to the purification of sewage.
The biofilm reactor provided by the invention is filled with the self-made biofilm filler, microorganisms in sewage can be firmly attached to the surface of the biofilm filler and can be rapidly propagated, and the biofilm filler can keep higher transfer efficiency with oxygen in the biofilm reactor, so that the biofilm hanging time of the microorganisms in the sewage on the surface of the filler can be shortened, the specific gravity and the activity of aerobic microorganisms in the biofilm adhered to the surface of the filler are improved, and the biofilm reactor provided by the invention has higher sewage degradation efficiency. The experimental result shows that under the same condition, compared with the conventional biofilm reactor filled with the biofilm, the biofilm formation time of the biofilm reactor disclosed by the invention is shortened by 6 days, the thickness of a mature biofilm is increased by 18.5%, the effluent TN is less than 10mg/L, the COD is less than 50mg/L, and the BOD is less than 10 mg/L.
In addition, compared with the traditional biofilm reactor, the biofilm reactor and the optimal implementation scheme thereof provided by the invention have the following advantages that:
(1) the purpose of aeration of the biological membrane is to make aerobic microorganisms attached in the biological membrane obtain sufficient oxygen, and the traditional way for the microorganisms on the biological membrane to obtain oxygen is as follows: the method comprises the steps of aeration bubble breakage → water body dissolved oxygen increase → biomembrane oxygen acquisition → pollutant degradation, long oxygen transfer chain and low transfer efficiency, and leads to a large amount of energy waste. The preferable technical proposal of the invention connects the biomembrane filler with the aeration pipe, aerates the inside of the biomembrane filler, and the way for the microorganism to obtain oxygen is changed into that: the aeration bubble is broken → the biological membrane obtains oxygen → the pollutant is degraded, the oxygen transfer chain is shortened, the oxygenation efficiency of the biological membrane is greatly improved, and the aeration energy consumption is reduced.
(2) According to the traditional technology, oxygen is indirectly transferred to the surface of the biological membrane through sewage, so that the oxygen content on the surface of the biological membrane and in the sewage is high, and the oxygen content in the interior of the biological membrane is not high, researches show that the maximum penetration depth of oxygen in the biological membrane is not more than 150um generally, and the thickness of the biological membrane is about 2mm generally, so that most of the area in the biological membrane is in an anaerobic state, and the degradation efficiency of aerobic microorganisms on pollutants is limited. According to the preferable technical scheme, the biofilm filler is connected with the aeration pipe, and the interior of the biofilm filler is aerated, so that the interior of the biofilm is in an aerobic state, and the improvement of the specific gravity and the activity of aerobic microorganisms on the biofilm is facilitated, and the sewage degradation efficiency is improved.
(3) According to the traditional biofilm reactor, the filler is fixedly placed in a certain area, and the filler is inconvenient to disassemble and assemble after filling. On one hand, the filler can be directly installed in a newly-built water pool after being filmed in other mature water environments, so that the debugging time is shortened; on the other hand, the types and the quantity of the biological membranes can be increased, decreased and replaced according to different water quality and water quantity requirements; meanwhile, the detachable connection mode is also beneficial to equipment inspection and maintenance.
(4) According to the preferred technical scheme, the valve is arranged on the air outlet position of the aeration pipe, so that the aeration quantity can be controlled through the valve according to the process requirement, and the thickness of the biological membrane and the dominant bacteria can be adjusted.
(5) The preferred technical scheme of the invention can freely load, unload and move the biofilm filler, can transfer the biofilm to a new sewage pool after culturing and biofilm formation in a proper environment, shortens the starting time of engineering debugging, can inoculate benign strains in other places as required in the operation process of the reactor, and is convenient for maintenance and management.
For the sake of clarity, the following examples are given in detail.
Example 1
Preparation of biofilm Filler
The weight ratio of each component of the biomembrane filler is as follows: 0.35g of aluminum powder (200 meshes), 30g of sludge biochar, 25g of pozzolana portland cement (P.P32.5), 30g of walnut shell biochar, 17g of lime and 40g of water.
(1) Preparing sludge biochar: the method comprises the following steps of dehydrating excess sludge (with the water content of 55%) of a certain Guangzhou sewage treatment plant, drying the dewatered excess sludge in an oven at the temperature of 105 ℃ to constant weight, crushing the excess sludge into particles with the particle size of about 0.5mm, moving the particles into a muffle furnace to isolate air, heating the particles to the temperature of 400 ℃, carbonizing the particles for 60min at a constant temperature, stopping heating the particles, staying the particles in the furnace for 1 hour, and taking the particles out for. The average particle size, the specific surface area and the pore volume of the prepared sludge biochar are detected, and the result is as follows: average particle diameter of 0.38mm and specific surface area of 51.332m2Per g, pore volume 0.04621cm3/g。
(2) Preparing the walnut shell biochar: crushing walnut shells into blocks of 1cm multiplied by 1cm, drying in an oven at 120 ℃ for 48 hours, transferring into a muffle furnace, isolating from air, heating to 700 ℃, carbonizing for 1.5 hours at constant temperature, stopping heating, staying in the furnace for 1 hour, and taking out for later use. The average particle size and the specific surface area of the prepared walnut shell biochar areAnd (3) line detection, wherein the result is as follows: average particle diameter of 0.39cm and specific surface area of 74.252m2/g。
(3) The sludge biochar, the walnut shell biochar, the quicklime and the portland cement are dry-mixed and uniformly stirred according to the weight ratio, water is added for stirring to prepare primary slurry, aluminum powder is added for stirring for 10min, the primary slurry is injected into a porous mold for gas generation for 6h, and finally the primary slurry is sent into an autoclave for curing for 12h under the conditions of vapor pressure of 0.85MPa and 90 ℃ to obtain the biofilm filler.
And carrying out scanning electron microscope observation, specific surface area detection and aperture size detection on the prepared biological membrane filler. Wherein, the observed images of the scanning electron microscope are shown in fig. 3 and 4, and fig. 3 and 4 are the observed images of the scanning electron microscope at different positions of the filler provided by the embodiment 1 of the invention. As can be seen from fig. 3 to 4, the surface of the biofilm filler prepared in this embodiment is covered with the channels and the wrinkles. The specific surface area detection result is as follows: 45.486m2(ii) in terms of/g. The pore size detection result is as follows: the average pore diameter in the biological membrane filler is about 1mm, and the pore channels are mostly communicated; the outer pore canal is enlarged from bottom to top in turn, the average pore diameter of the lower part is about 5mm, and the average pore diameter of the upper part is about 20 mm.
The prepared biomembrane filler is subjected to strength test by using test steps and requirements of GB/T17671-1999 Cement mortar Strength test method (ISO method), a vibration table mode is adopted, the anti-bending tester is used for testing the strength of the biomembrane filler, a balance weight lever is positioned at a balance position, the curing temperature is 17 ℃, the loading speed is 1700N/s, and the test result is that the 3d flexural strength is 2.0MPa and the 3d compressive strength is 10.1 MPa.
Example 2
Preparation of biofilm Filler
The weight ratio of each component of the biomembrane filler is as follows: 0.40g of aluminum powder (300 meshes), 25g of sludge biochar, 25g of fly ash portland cement (P.F42.5), 32g of walnut shell biochar, 18g of lime and 42g of water.
(1) Preparing sludge biochar: dehydrating excess sludge (with water content of 60%) of a certain Guangzhou sewage treatment plant, drying in an oven at 110 ℃ to constant weight, crushing into particles of about 0.5mm, transferring into a muffle furnace, insulating air, heating to 430 ℃, carbonizing for 1.2h at constant temperature, stopping heating, staying in the furnace for 1h,taking out for standby. The average particle size, the specific surface area and the pore volume of the prepared sludge biochar are detected, and the result is as follows: average particle diameter of 0.36mm and specific surface area of 60.401m2Per g, pore volume 0.06471cm3/g。
(2) Preparing the walnut shell biochar: crushing walnut shells into blocks of 1cm multiplied by 1cm, drying in an oven at 105 ℃ for 48 hours, transferring into a muffle furnace, isolating from air, heating to 600 ℃, carbonizing for 2 hours at constant temperature, stopping heating, staying in the furnace for 1 hour, and taking out for later use. The average particle size and the specific surface area of the prepared walnut shell biochar are detected, and the result is as follows: average particle diameter of 0.45cm and specific surface area of 79.203m2/g。
(3) The sludge biochar, the walnut shell biochar, the quicklime and the portland cement are dry-mixed and uniformly stirred according to the weight ratio, water is added for stirring to prepare primary slurry, aluminum powder is added for stirring for 10min, the primary slurry is injected into a porous mold for gas generation for 7h, and finally the primary slurry is sent into an autoclave for curing for 12h under the conditions of vapor pressure of 0.85MPa and 90 ℃ to obtain the biofilm filler.
And (3) carrying out specific surface area detection and pore size detection on the prepared biological membrane filler. The specific surface area detection result is as follows: 51.691m2(ii) in terms of/g. The pore size detection result is as follows: the average pore diameter in the biological membrane filler is about 1mm, and the pore channels are mostly communicated; the outer pore canal is enlarged from bottom to top in turn, the average pore diameter of the lower part is about 5mm, and the average pore diameter of the upper part is about 20 mm.
The prepared biomembrane filler is subjected to strength test by using test steps and requirements of GB/T17671-1999 Cement mortar Strength test method (ISO method), a vibration table mode is adopted, a fracture resistance tester is used for testing the strength of the biomembrane filler, a balance weight lever is positioned at a balance position, the curing temperature is 17 ℃, the loading speed is 1500N/s, and the test result is that the 3d fracture resistance strength is 2.3MPa, and the 3d compressive strength is 10.9 MPa.
Example 3
Preparation of biofilm Filler
The weight ratio of each component of the biomembrane filler is as follows: 0.45g of aluminum powder (400 meshes), 27g of sludge biochar, 25g of composite portland cement (P.C42.5), 30g of walnut shell biochar, 19g of lime and 44g of water.
(1) Sludge organismsPreparing carbon: the method comprises the following steps of dehydrating excess sludge (with the water content of 65%) of a certain Guangzhou sewage treatment plant, drying the dewatered excess sludge in an oven at the temperature of 105 ℃ to constant weight, crushing the excess sludge into particles with the particle size of about 0.5mm, moving the particles into a muffle furnace to isolate air, heating the particles to 450 ℃, carbonizing the particles for 1.2 hours at a constant temperature, stopping heating the particles, staying the particles in the furnace for 1 hour, and taking the particles out for later use. The average particle size, the specific surface area and the pore volume of the prepared sludge biochar are detected, and the result is as follows: average particle diameter of 0.35mm and specific surface area of 59.732m2Per g, pore volume 0.05381cm3/g。
(2) Preparing the walnut shell biochar: crushing walnut shells into blocks of 1cm multiplied by 1cm, drying in an oven at 120 ℃ for 48 hours, transferring into a muffle furnace, isolating from air, heating to 650 ℃, carbonizing for 2 hours at constant temperature, stopping heating, staying in the furnace for 1 hour, and taking out for later use. The average particle size and the specific surface area of the prepared walnut shell biochar are detected, and the result is as follows: average particle diameter of 0.42cm and specific surface area of 81.065m2/g。
(3) The sludge biochar, the walnut shell biochar, the quicklime and the portland cement are dry-mixed and uniformly stirred according to the weight ratio, water is added for stirring to prepare primary slurry, aluminum powder is added for stirring for 10min, the primary slurry is injected into a porous mold for gassing for 8h, and finally the primary slurry is sent into an autoclave for curing for 12h under the conditions of vapor pressure of 0.85MPa and 90 ℃ to obtain the biofilm filler.
And (3) carrying out specific surface area detection and pore size detection on the prepared biological membrane filler. The specific surface area detection result is as follows: 48.266m2(ii) in terms of/g. The pore size detection result is as follows: the average pore diameter in the biological membrane filler is about 1mm, and the pore channels are mostly communicated; the outer pore canal is enlarged from bottom to top in turn, the average pore diameter of the lower part is about 5mm, and the average pore diameter of the upper part is about 20 mm.
The prepared biomembrane filler is subjected to strength test by adopting test steps and requirements of GB/T17671-1999 Cement mortar Strength test method (ISO method), a vibration table mode is adopted, a fracture resistance tester is used for testing 10 degrees, a balance weight lever is in a balance position, the curing temperature is 17 ℃, the loading speed is 1700N/s, and the test result is that the 3d fracture resistance strength is 2.3MPa, and the 3d compressive strength is 11.1 MPa.
Example 4
Biofilm reactor
This example 1 provides a biofilm reactor having a structure shown in fig. 1, and the biofilm reactor provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes a sewage reaction tank 1, an aeration pipe 2 disposed in the sewage reaction tank 1, and a filler filled in the sewage reaction tank 1.
Wherein, the sewage reaction tank 1 (length × width × height ═ 0.8m × 0.32m × 0.45m) is provided with a water inlet and a water outlet. The air inlet of aeration pipe 2 links to each other with the gas outlet of air-blower 6, aeration pipe 2 is last to be provided with 2 positions 3 of giving vent to anger on average along its length direction, every is given vent to anger and all is provided with the valve on the position 3, every end of giving vent to anger position 3 all is connected with bubble cutterbar 5, the inner chamber of bubble cutterbar 5 is provided with bubble cutting orifice plate along the gaseous direction of motion of perpendicular to, be provided with the handle on the outer wall of bubble cutterbar 5, the end of giving vent to anger of every bubble cutterbar 5 all links to each other with a biomembrane filler 4, through threaded connection between bubble cutterba.
In this example, biofilm filler 4 was the biofilm filler prepared in example 1, and had a shape of a lotus shape, and had specific dimensions of 0.2m × 0.32m in maximum diameter × height.
The operation process of the biofilm reactor is as follows: sewage gets into the reaction tank from the water inlet of sewage reaction tank, simultaneously through the aeration pipe to the inside aeration of biomembrane filler, the filler surface biofilm formation in the microorganism in the sewage in the reaction tank, forms stable biomembrane after a period of time, and the microorganism in the biomembrane degrades the pollutant in the sewage to the realization is to the purification of sewage.
Example 5
Biofilm reactor
Referring to the biofilm reactor of example 4, which is different only in that the biofilm filler 4 was the biofilm filler prepared in example 2, the shape and size of the filler remained unchanged.
Example 6
Biofilm reactor
Referring to the biofilm reactor of example 4, which is different only in that the biofilm filler 4 was the biofilm filler prepared in example 3, the shape and size of the filler remained unchanged.
Comparative example
Biofilm reactor
Referring to the biofilm reactor of example 4, the difference is that the biofilm filler 4 is polypropylene rosette filler of environmental protection equipment company of Guangdong, the material is: PP, specification: DG20 loop, 145X 48X 3X 6 mm.
Example 7
Comparison of sewage treatment effects of different biofilm reactors
The biofilm reactors of examples 4-6 and comparative examples are respectively adopted for sewage treatment, and the operation conditions are as follows: under one atmosphere, at the water temperature of 20-30 ℃, and the water quality of sewage (COD is 247 +/-15 mg/L, BOD is 135 +/-12 mg/L, TN is 14.2 +/-0.9 mg/L, NH4+-N is 8.1 plus or minus 1.3mg/L), the dissolved oxygen amount on the surface of the biological membrane is 1.8-2.6mg/L, the pH value is 6.2-7.5, and the sewage retention time is 7.5 h.
Under the condition, the biofilm culturing time of the embodiment 4 is 23 days, and the thickness of the mature biological membrane is 1.50 mm; the biofilm culturing time of the embodiment 5 is 25 days, and the thickness of the mature biological membrane is 1.44 cm; the biofilm culturing time of the embodiment 6 is 23 days, and the thickness of the mature biological membrane is 1.47 cm; the biofilm formation time of the comparative example was 30 days and the thickness of the biofilm after maturation was 1.24 mm.
After stable operation, the effluent TN of the biofilm reactor in the embodiment 4 is less than 5mg/L, COD and less than 50mg/L, BOD and less than 10mg/L, the effluent TN of the biofilm reactor in the embodiment 5 is less than 6mg/L, COD and less than 50mg/L, BOD and less than 13mg/L, and the effluent TN of the biofilm reactor in the embodiment 6 is less than 5mg/L, COD and less than 50mg/L, BOD and less than 12mg/L, which all reach the first-class B standard of pollutant emission standard (GB18918-2002) of municipal wastewater treatment plant; the effluent TN of the comparative example biofilm reactor is less than 10mg/L, COD and less than 58mg/L, BOD and less than 20 mg/L.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A biofilm reactor, comprising: the sewage reaction tank, the aeration pipe arranged in the sewage reaction tank and the filler filled in the sewage reaction tank;
a plurality of air outlet positions are arranged on the aeration pipe;
the air outlet is connected with the biological film filler, so that the aeration pipe can directly aerate the interior of the biological film filler;
the average pore diameter of the inner pore canal of the biomembrane filler is 1 mm; the pore diameter of the outer pore canal is sequentially increased from bottom to top, the average pore diameter of the lower part is 5mm, and the average pore diameter of the upper part is 20 mm;
the biofilm filler is prepared from water and dry materials in parts by weight as follows:
the average particle size of the sludge biochar is 0.1-1 mm;
the average particle size of the walnut shell biochar is 0.2-2 cm.
2. The biofilm reactor of claim 1, wherein the mesh number of the aluminum powder is 50 to 500 mesh.
3. A biofilm reactor according to claim 1, wherein the portland cement has one or more of the designations p.c32.5, p.c42.5, p.c52.5, p.f32.5, p.f42.5, p.f52.5, p.p42.5, p.p52.5, p.o42.5 and p.o 52.5.
4. A biofilm reactor according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of water to dry matter is (30-45): (100-110).
5. A biofilm reactor according to claim 1, wherein said biofilm filler is prepared according to the following steps:
a) mixing sludge biochar, walnut shell biochar, quicklime, portland cement, aluminum powder and water to obtain slurry to be poured;
b) and pouring the slurry to be poured into a mold, and allowing the slurry to generate gas in the mold and solidify to obtain the biofilm filler.
6. A biofilm reactor according to claim 5, wherein said step a) comprises in particular:
a1) mixing sludge biochar, walnut shell biochar, quicklime, portland cement and water to obtain primary slurry;
a2) and mixing the primary slurry with aluminum powder to obtain slurry to be poured.
7. A biofilm reactor according to claim 5, wherein step b) further comprises:
and (3) after the slurry is gasified and solidified in the mold, sending the slurry into an autoclave for curing to obtain the biofilm filler.
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| CN100413789C (en) * | 2004-05-18 | 2008-08-27 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Compound filling for sewage treatment |
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2017
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| CN101229946A (en) * | 2007-12-29 | 2008-07-30 | 兰州大学 | Biological aerated filter filtering material for treating sewage and preparation method thereof |
| CN101928092A (en) * | 2009-06-22 | 2010-12-29 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | Sewage treatment method adopting baffle plate and membrane-aeration coupling device |
| CN106186358A (en) * | 2016-09-07 | 2016-12-07 | 江苏凯米膜科技股份有限公司 | A kind of charcoal viscose rayon slow release carbon source filler and preparation method |
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