CN113248075A - Preparation and use method of wetland filler - Google Patents
Preparation and use method of wetland filler Download PDFInfo
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- CN113248075A CN113248075A CN202110344512.XA CN202110344512A CN113248075A CN 113248075 A CN113248075 A CN 113248075A CN 202110344512 A CN202110344512 A CN 202110344512A CN 113248075 A CN113248075 A CN 113248075A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/281—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using inorganic sorbents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/42—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by ion-exchange
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/105—Phosphorus compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/20—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/08—Chemical Oxygen Demand [COD]; Biological Oxygen Demand [BOD]
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/14—NH3-N
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
- C02F3/327—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae characterised by animals and plants
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- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Water Treatment By Sorption (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation and use method of wetland filler, belonging to the technical field of wetland filler preparation, solving the problems of high-temperature calcination or sintering, complex preparation process, high energy consumption and poor adsorbability and physical properties in the prior art, and comprising the following steps: grinding the raw materials of fly ash, lime, steel slag, clay, active carbon, gypsum and the like; mixing and stirring lime, clay, cement and gypsum to obtain a mixture A, adding fly ash and steel slag into the mixture A, adding activated carbon, and stirring to obtain a mixture B; pouring aluminum powder into a stirrer, and adding a proper amount of water to prepare an aluminum powder suspension; and adding the aluminum powder suspension into the mixture B0.5-1 minute before casting, then casting and molding, and then performing autoclaved curing to obtain the required wetland filler. The invention realizes the reutilization of industrial waste, improves the adsorption performance and physical performance of the wetland filler, does not need high-temperature calcination in the preparation process and simplifies the preparation flow.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of wetland filler preparation, and particularly belongs to a preparation and use method of wetland filler.
Background
The artificial wetland is increasingly a common sewage treatment mode, compared with the traditional sewage treatment process, the artificial wetland has the advantages of low construction, operation and management cost, simple operation, strong impact load resistance and the like, and more importantly, the artificial wetland simulates a natural ecosystem, so the artificial wetland not only has the function of sewage purification, but also provides a good inhabitation environment for wild animals and plants.
The constructed wetland mainly comprises a filler, wetland plants and microorganisms, wherein the filler has an important function on the constructed wetland, is a substrate and a carrier of the wetland, can provide necessary soil conditions for plants and a good growth place for the microorganisms, and importantly, the filler has a high specific surface area and a porous characteristic, can directly adsorb and filter pollutants in sewage and directly plays a role in purification. The traditional artificial wetland filler mainly comprises crushed stones, sand, gravels or other mineral materials, the materials can have a certain effect of removing organic pollutants in the artificial wetland sewage treatment process, and the materials have wide sources and low price, can be directly used without special processing, and are widely applied to the traditional artificial wetland system. However, these materials all belong to inert materials with high silicon content, have poor adsorption performance on inorganic nutrient salts, and have the defects of easy saturation, target pollutant re-release and the like.
With the continuous and deep research of researchers on artificial wetland fillers in recent years, the types of the artificial wetland fillers gradually become diversified, the fly ash, the zeolite, the steel slag, the humus soil and the like are used as fillers to be added into an artificial wetland system, and some substances have a good adsorption effect on inorganic nutrient salts, but are easy to lose along with water in the artificial wetland system due to small particle size of the substances, so that the system is blocked and normal operation is influenced; some substances have good adsorption performance, but the engineering effect is not good due to insufficient strength. In the artificial wetland filler and the preparation method thereof (CN 111675425A), the wetland filler is prepared by uniformly mixing shell powder, glass powder, porous carbon and pyrite cinder and then sintering the mixture, and nitrogen and phosphorus in tail water can be removed; a method for preparing wetland filler from activated sludge, blast furnace slag, carbon slag, bentonite, nitrogen adsorbent and phosphorus adsorbent is disclosed in (CN 111499000A). Although the prepared wetland filler is superior to the traditional wetland filler in performance, a plurality of chemical substances are required to be added in the preparation process of some wetland fillers, and some wetland fillers also need to be calcined or sintered at high temperature, so that the preparation process is complex and the energy consumption is high.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of high-temperature calcination or sintering, complex preparation process, high energy consumption and poor adsorbability and physical property in the prior art, the invention provides a preparation and use method of wetland filler, which aims to: improves higher preparation conditions in the traditional technology, improves the adsorption performance and physical performance of the existing wetland filler, and improves the utilization and economic value of industrial fertilizers.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
step A: respectively feeding the raw materials of fly ash, lime, steel slag, clay, active carbon and the like into a ball mill for grinding;
and B: mixing and stirring lime, clay, cement and gypsum, adding water and stirring for 10-15 minutes to obtain a mixture A;
and C: adding the fly ash and the steel slag into the mixture A obtained in the step B, mixing and stirring, and adding activated carbon in the stirring process to obtain a mixture B;
step D: pouring aluminum powder into a stirrer, and adding water to prepare an aluminum powder suspension;
step E: adding the aluminum powder suspension into the mixture B, stirring for 0.5-1 min to obtain a slurry foam mixture, and pouring into a mold;
step F: e, placing the material obtained in the step E into a static curing room, and obtaining a semi-finished wetland filler product after static curing reaches a proper strength;
step G: and F, feeding the semi-finished product in the step F into a still kettle, vacuumizing the still kettle, adding steam, raising the temperature and the pressure, keeping the temperature and the pressure constant, reducing the temperature and the pressure to the normal temperature, and standing for 15-20 days to obtain the wetland filler.
By adopting the scheme, the defects that various chemical substances are required to be added and the calcining temperature is high in the traditional technology are overcome, and the phenomenon that the traditional artificial wetland filler is easy to block due to the fact that different substrates are required to be layered and paved is changed.
The weight parts of the raw materials are as follows: 10-20 parts of lime, 5-12 parts of cement, 10-20 parts of steel slag, 2-10 parts of clay, 2-15 parts of activated carbon, 1-5 parts of gypsum and 0.1-0.8 part of aluminum powder.
By adopting the scheme, the coal ash is solid waste discharged by coal-fired boilers such as thermal power plants and the like, has small particle size and pore diameter, large specific surface area and good adsorption and filtration performance; fly ash containing Al2O3、SiO2、Fe2O3CaO, etc., and a large number of active groups are present on the surface of the oxides and can be chemically reactedThe bond and adsorbate are subjected to chemical adsorption and ion exchange; the fly ash is alkaline in aqueous solution, so that part of metal ions can form hydroxide precipitate, and the metal ions in water can be removed. The steel slag is waste in the steel-making process, contains a large amount of matrixes such as calcium, iron and aluminum, can quickly adsorb phosphorus in water, and further reacts with the phosphorus to produce calcium-phosphorus precipitates, so that the phosphorus in the water is removed; meanwhile, the steel slag has a loose and porous structure and more active groups and alkaline oxides, so that not only can phosphate be removed, but also heavy metal ions can be well removed.
The grinding mesh number in the step A is 120-150 meshes.
And the stirring temperature in the step C is 35-45 ℃.
The mold size in step E was 3mm by 3mm, 5mm by 5mm and 8mm by 8 mm.
And F, keeping the temperature at 50-55 ℃ for 1.5-2 hours.
And G, controlling the temperature of the autoclave at 250 ℃ and the pressure at 8-12Mpa for 8-15 hours.
The volume weight of the wetland filler obtained in the step G is 400-700kg/m3(ii) a The compressive strength is 7.6-8.7 Mpa; the porosity is 68% -77%.
The use method of the wetland filler comprises the steps of paving a gravel permeable layer on an impermeable layer of an artificial wetland system, paving the wetland filler on a gravel filler layer, distributing the wetland filler with the grain diameter of 0-3mm < 10%, the grain diameter of 3-5mm > 80% and the grain diameter of 5-8mm < 10%, and planting wetland plants on the surface layer of the filler.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the wetland filler disclosed by the invention does not need other fillers, adopts lime and cement as main ingredients, achieves superior performance in filler strength, adopts aluminum powder as a foaming agent, and simultaneously adds activated carbon, fly ash and steel slag, greatly increases the porosity of the filler, and enables the filler to have a larger specific surface area.
2. The fly ash is solid waste discharged by coal-fired boilers such as thermal power plants and the like, has small particle size and pore size, large specific surface area and good adsorption and filtration properties; fly ash containing Al2O3、SiO2、Fe2O3Oxides such as CaO, etc., the surfaces of which have a large number of active groups and can chemically adsorb and ion exchange with adsorbates through chemical bonds; the fly ash is alkaline in aqueous solution, so that part of metal ions can form hydroxide precipitate, and the metal ions in water can be removed. The steel slag is waste in the steel-making process, contains a large amount of matrixes such as calcium, iron and aluminum, can quickly adsorb phosphorus in water, and further reacts with the phosphorus to produce calcium-phosphorus precipitates, so that the phosphorus in the water is removed; meanwhile, the steel slag has a loose and porous structure and more active groups and alkaline oxides, so that not only can phosphate be removed, but also heavy metal ions can be well removed.
Drawings
The invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a line graph of the isothermal adsorption test-ammonia nitrogen data for one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a line graph of the isothermal adsorption test versus total phosphorus data for one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a line graph of the isothermal adsorption test-COD data for one embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 4 is a line graph of sorption kinetics testing-ammonia nitrogen data for one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a line graph of sorption kinetics testing versus total phosphorus data for one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a line graph of adsorption kinetics testing-COD data for one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a line graph of water absorption tensile test data for various materials in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention
Detailed Description
All of the features disclosed in this specification, or all of the steps in any method or process so disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except combinations of features and/or steps that are mutually exclusive.
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to fig. 1 to 7.
The first embodiment is as follows:
50 parts of fly ash, 15 parts of lime, 10 parts of cement, 10 parts of steel slag, 5.5 parts of clay, 5 parts of activated carbon, 4 parts of gypsum and 0.5 part of aluminum powder, wherein the fly ash, the lime, the steel slag, the clay, the activated carbon and other raw materials are respectively sent into a ball mill and ground into powder of 120 meshes and 150 meshes; mixing and stirring lime, clay, cement and gypsum, adding a proper amount of water, stirring for 10-15 minutes, adding fly ash and steel slag, mixing and stirring, adding activated carbon while stirring, and stirring at the temperature of 35-45 ℃. Pouring aluminum powder into a stirrer, adding a proper amount of water to prepare an aluminum powder suspension, adding the aluminum powder suspension into the mixture, stirring for 0.5-1 minute to obtain a slurry-like foam mixture, and immediately pouring into a mold to obtain a material blank; and (3) placing the blank body into a static curing chamber, carrying out static curing for 1.5-2 hours at the temperature of 50-55 ℃, removing the mold frame after the static curing reaches a proper strength, then sending the blank body into an autoclave, vacuumizing the autoclave, adding steam, raising the temperature and the pressure, keeping the temperature and the pressure constant, reducing the temperature and the pressure to the normal temperature, and standing for 15-20 days to obtain the wetland filler. The temperature of the autoclave is 180 ℃ and 250 ℃, the pressure is 8-12Mpa, and the steam curing time is 8-15 hours.
Isothermal adsorption test: the special wetland filler prepared in the example and the conventional wetland filler are subjected to nitrogen and phosphorus adsorption test. The test conditions were: all fillers are 3-6mm in particle size, 10g of the fillers are taken to be put into a 100ml conical flask with a plug, 100ml of landfill leachate diluted by 1, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 times is respectively added, 1 drop of chloroform is added to prevent the activity of microorganisms, a sample is placed in a water bath constant temperature oscillator with the temperature of 25 ℃ and the rotating speed of 150r/min for continuous oscillation at intervals of 24 hours, and a proper amount of solution is respectively taken out to measure NH3N, TP and COD.
Adsorption power test: accurately weighing 10g of wetland filler with the particle size of 3-6mm in a 100ml conical flask, respectively adding 100ml of landfill leachate diluted by 10 times, and adding1 drop of chloroform to prevent microbial activity. Placing the sample in a constant temperature oscillator at 25 deg.C and 150r/min for continuous oscillation, respectively taking supernatant at intervals of 0.5h, 1h, 2h, 4h, 8h, 12h, 24h, and 48h, and measuring NH3N, TP and the concentration of COD,
the results of six tests in fig. 1-6 show that the special wetland filler prepared in the embodiment has higher effect on NH in landfill leachate than the conventional wetland filler3N, TP and COD have better adsorption removal effect.
Water absorption pull-up test: and respectively carrying out water absorption tests on the special wetland filler and the conventional wetland filler prepared in the embodiment under the test conditions that the filler with the particle size of 3-6mm is added into a transparent hard pipe with the length of 1m and the inner diameter of 30mm, the hard pipe is placed in a basin for holding water and is kept still for 3 days, and the water absorption height of the filler is measured, so that the water absorption and water level lifting of the wetland filler from the bottom layer of the artificial wetland by the capillary action of the material in the dry period is judged to ensure the drought resistance of wetland plants.
As can be seen from the test results in fig. 7, the wetland filler prepared in the embodiment has the maximum water absorption capacity, has stronger water absorption capacity than the conventional wetland filler, and can better cope with the season of water shortage.
Example two:
and (3) testing a small artificial wetland system: the small artificial wetland is divided into three stages of tank bodies, the wetland fillers with different grain diameters obtained in the embodiment are uniformly mixed and put into the tank bodies, and canna is planted.
Water inflow: after the small artificial wetland is debugged, intermittent water feeding is adopted, and landfill leachate diluted by three times is poured at regular time every other day, the volume concentration is kept about 30 percent, 4-5L each time, and the water power is in accordance with 0.033m3·(m2·d)-1The effective hydraulic retention time was 96 hours.
After the test operation is stable, a water sample is taken once a week to treat ammonia Nitrogen (NH) in inlet and outlet water3-N), Total Phosphorus (TP), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), heavy metal ions, the results are shown in tables 1 and 2.
TABLE 1 wetland Filler applied to Small-sized constructed wetland for removing inorganic salt ions
Table 2 wetland filler applied to small-sized artificial wetland has a unit of heavy metal ion removal effect: mg/L
Note: the representative was not detected
As can be seen from the test data in tables 1 and 2, the application of the wetland filler in the artificial wetland of the invention to NH3the-N and the COD have good removal effect, the TP is also well removed, and the removal effect on heavy metal ions is also very obvious.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express the specific embodiments of the present application, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present application. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the technical idea of the present application, several changes and modifications can be made, which are all within the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (9)
1. The preparation and use method of the wetland filler is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step A: respectively feeding the raw materials of fly ash, lime, steel slag, clay, active carbon and the like into a ball mill for grinding;
and B: mixing and stirring lime, clay, cement and gypsum, adding water and stirring for 10-15 minutes to obtain a mixture A;
and C: adding the fly ash and the steel slag into the mixture A obtained in the step B, mixing and stirring, and adding activated carbon in the stirring process to obtain a mixture B;
step D: pouring aluminum powder into a stirrer, and adding water to prepare an aluminum powder suspension;
step E: adding the aluminum powder suspension into the mixture B, stirring for 0.5-1 min to obtain a slurry foam mixture, and pouring into a mold;
step F: e, placing the material obtained in the step E into a static curing room, and obtaining a semi-finished wetland filler product after static curing reaches a proper strength;
step G: and F, feeding the semi-finished product in the step F into a still kettle, vacuumizing the still kettle, adding steam, raising the temperature and the pressure, keeping the temperature and the pressure constant, reducing the temperature and the pressure to the normal temperature, and standing for 15-20 days to obtain the wetland filler.
2. The method for preparing and using the wetland filler according to claim 1, characterized in that the raw materials comprise, by weight: 10-20 parts of lime, 5-12 parts of cement, 10-20 parts of steel slag, 2-10 parts of clay, 2-15 parts of activated carbon, 1-5 parts of gypsum and 0.1-0.8 part of aluminum powder.
3. The method for preparing and using wetland filler according to claim 1, wherein the grinding mesh number in step A is 120-150 meshes.
4. The method for preparing and using the wetland filler according to claim 1, wherein the stirring temperature in the step C is 35-45 ℃.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the mold size in step E is 3mm by 3mm, 5mm by 5mm, and 8mm by 8 mm.
6. The method for preparing and using the wetland filler according to claim 1, wherein the rest temperature in the step F is 50-55 ℃, and the rest time is 1.5-2 hours.
7. The method for preparing and using the wetland filler according to claim 1, wherein the autoclave temperature in the step G is 180-250 ℃, the pressure is 8-12MPa, and the autoclaving time is 8-15 hours.
8. The method for preparing and using wetland filler according to claim 1, wherein the volume weight of the wetland filler is 400-700kg/m3(ii) a The compressive strength is 7.6-8.7 Mpa; the porosity is 68% -77%.
9. The method for preparing and using wetland filler according to claim 1, wherein the method for using the wetland filler obtained in the step G comprises the following steps: paving a gravel permeable layer in the artificial wetland system, paving wetland fillers on the gravel filler layer, wherein the particle size distribution of the wetland fillers is 0-3mm < 10%, 3-5mm > 80% and 5-8mm < 10%, and then planting wetland plants on the surface layer of the fillers.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN117185489A (en) * | 2023-08-15 | 2023-12-08 | 长江生态环保集团有限公司 | Constructed wetland denitrification and dephosphorization filler and preparation method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20210813 |