CN107009869A - 环保车辆的后轮驱动装置 - Google Patents

环保车辆的后轮驱动装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107009869A
CN107009869A CN201611140295.8A CN201611140295A CN107009869A CN 107009869 A CN107009869 A CN 107009869A CN 201611140295 A CN201611140295 A CN 201611140295A CN 107009869 A CN107009869 A CN 107009869A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
mentioned
motor
trailing wheel
brake
vehicle
Prior art date
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Granted
Application number
CN201611140295.8A
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English (en)
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CN107009869B (zh
Inventor
郑晞天
金根镐
李相技
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Hyundai Transys Inc
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Hyundai Dymos Inc
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Publication of CN107009869A publication Critical patent/CN107009869A/zh
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/04—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing
    • B60K17/16—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing of differential gearing
    • B60K17/165—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing of differential gearing provided between independent half axles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/02—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units comprising more than one electric motor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/04—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing
    • B60K17/043—Transmission unit disposed in on near the vehicle wheel, or between the differential gear unit and the wheel
    • B60K17/046—Transmission unit disposed in on near the vehicle wheel, or between the differential gear unit and the wheel with planetary gearing having orbital motion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/52—Driving a plurality of drive axles, e.g. four-wheel drive
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K7/00—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel
    • B60K7/0007—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel the motor being electric
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L15/20—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
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    • B60L15/20—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L15/20—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
    • B60L15/2054—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed by controlling transmissions or clutches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/10—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines
    • B60L50/16—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines with provision for separate direct mechanical propulsion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L7/00—Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general
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    • B60L7/18—Controlling the braking effect
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L7/00—Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general
    • B60L7/24—Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general with additional mechanical or electromagnetic braking
    • B60L7/26—Controlling the braking effect
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/10—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
    • B60W20/15—Control strategies specially adapted for achieving a particular effect
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W30/00—Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units
    • B60W30/02—Control of vehicle driving stability
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/44—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/72—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously
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Abstract

本发明涉及利用可分别独立驱动车辆两侧后轮的多个驱动马达来以各自独立驱动的方式控制两侧后轮，从而即提高车辆的纵向驱动力，也使车辆的驾驶稳定性得到提高的环保车辆的后轮驱动装置。

Description

环保车辆的后轮驱动装置
技术领域
本发明涉及环保车辆的后轮驱动装置，更加详细地，涉及利用可分别独立驱动车辆的两侧后轮的多个驱动马达来以使两侧后轮各自独立驱动的方式进行控制，从而即提高车辆的纵向驱动力，也使车辆的驾驶稳定性得到提高的环保车辆的后轮驱动装置。
背景技术
为了使以往的前轮驱动方式环保车辆，即，使混合动力电动汽车(HEV，HybridElectric Vehicle)、插电式混合动力汽车(PHEV，Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle)、电动汽车(EV，Electric Vehicle)及氢燃料电池车辆等车辆实现4轮驱动化，通常，在后轮车轴装载由马达和减速器组合的驱动装置来提高4轮驱动车辆的行驶力以及确保在雪地等路面上的车辆稳定性。
如上所述的以往的后轮驱动装置通常包括以高电压来驱动的驱动马达、用于确保车辆的最终减速比的减速装置以及为了在高速上除去不必要的马达旋转阻力而以湿式多片摩擦材料作为机构的离合器或制动器。
在韩国公开专利公报第10-2013-0005407号中公开了利用用于后轮驱动的单驱动马达、用于对单驱动马达进行减速的行星齿轮系以及与行星齿轮系的输出端相连接的差动齿轮来实现环保车辆的4轮驱动的技术。
但是，上述文献中所记载的结构和普通的4轮驱动车辆同样局限于控制并提高前轮及后轮的纵向驱动力。
因此，上述利用单驱动马达来驱动后轮的方式存在当运行中需要紧急变更车道等需要分别控制两侧后轮的驱动力时不对车辆的驾驶稳定性起到作用的问题。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献0001：韩国公开专利公报第10-2013-0005407号
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题
本发明为了解决如前所述的问题而提出，本发明的目的在于，提供分别独立驱动两侧后轮的多个驱动马达，从而即提高车辆的纵向驱动力，也使车辆的驾驶稳定性得到提高的环保车辆的后轮驱动装置。
技术方案
为了解决前述问题，本发明的环保车辆的后轮驱动装置用于分别独立驱动车辆的第一后轮及第二后轮，上述环保车辆的后轮驱动装置的特征在于，包括：后轮驱动部，包括用于驱动上述第一后轮的第一马达和用于驱动上述第二后轮的第二马达；后轮减速部，通过对上述第一马达的驱动力及上述第二马达的驱动力进行减速后分别向上述第一后轮及上述第二后轮传递；以及控制部，用于控制上述后轮驱动部和上述后轮减速部，使得上述第一马达和上述第二马达各自独立驱动。
并且，上述后轮减速部包括：第一行星齿轮组，配置于上述第一马达的输出端与上述第一后轮之间；以及第二行星齿轮组，配置于上述第二马达的输出端与上述第二后轮之间。
并且，上述第一行星齿轮组包括：第一行星架，与上述第一马达的输出端相连接；第一太阳齿轮，与上述第一后轮相连接；以及第一环形齿轮，固定于上述车辆的车身并能够解除固定，上述第二行星齿轮组包括：第二行星架，与上述第二马达的输出端相连接；第二太阳齿轮，与上述第二后轮相连接；以及第二环形齿轮，固定于上述车辆的车身并能够解除固定。
并且，上述后轮减速部还包括：第一制动器，用于将上述第一环形齿轮固定于上述车身并能够解除固定，而且以液压式进行工作；以及第二制动器，用于将上述第二环形齿轮固定于上述车身并能够解除固定，而且以液压式进行工作，在未向上述第一制动器和上述第二制动器供给液压的情况下，借助上述第一制动器及上述第二制动器上述第一环形齿轮和上述第二环形齿轮处于被固定的状态。
并且，上述后轮减速部还包括用于以可解除连接的方式连接上述第一环形齿轮和上述第二环形齿轮并以液压式进行工作的离合器，在未向上述离合器供给液压的情况下，上述离合器处于解锁状态，从而使上述第一环形齿轮和上述第二环形齿轮处于被解除连接的状态。
并且，上述控制部包括：马达控制单元，为了分别向上述第一马达和上述第二马达独立供给驱动电力而进行工作；液压控制部，以生成液压并向上述第一制动器、上述第二制动器及上述离合器供给；以及车辆控制单元，与上述马达控制单元和上述液压控制部电连接，用于对上述马达控制单元及上述液压控制部的工作进行控制
并且，在通过上述马达控制单元向上述第一马达或上述第二马达中的至少一个马达供给电力的情况下，上述车辆控制单元通过上述液压控制部控制不对上述第一制动器、第二制动器及上述离合器供给液压。
并且，在通过上述马达控制单元切断向上述第一马达和上述第二马达供给电力的情况下，上述车辆控制单元通过上述液压控制部进行控制使上述第一制动器和上述第二制动器从锁定状态转换为解锁状态，并使上述离合器从解锁状态转换为锁定状态。
并且，本发明的环保车辆的后轮驱动装置还包括用于对向上述第一马达及上述第二马达供给的电力进行储存的电池，在向上述第一马达或上述第二马达中的至少一个马达供给电力的情况下，上述马达控制单元通过控制对未接收电力的另一个马达生成的电力进行回收来储存于上述电池。
有益效果
本发明的环保车辆的后轮驱动装置具有如下效果：利用用于分别独立驱动两侧后轮的多个驱动马达，从而不仅提高车辆的纵向驱动力，而且提高急速转向等情况下车辆的驾驶稳定性。
附图说明
图1为用于说明具有本发明一实施例的后轮驱动装置的环保车辆的结构图。
图2为在本发明一实施例的后轮驱动装置中后轮驱动部和后轮减速部的结构图。
图3为本发明一实施例的液压控制部的结构图。
图4为用于说明本发明一实施例的后轮驱动装置的作用的图。
具体实施方式
以下参照附图对本发明的环保车辆的后轮驱动装置进行详细说明。
可以对本发明施加多种变更，并且本发明可以具有多种实施例，因而将在附图中例示特定实施例，并在详细的描述过程中具体地进行说明。但这并非用于将本发明限定于特定实施方式，而应当解释为包括包含在本发明的思想及技术范围内的所有变更、等同技术方案及代替技术方案。
在对本发明进行说明的过程中，“第一”、“第二”等术语可用于说明多种结构要素，但上述结构要素可以不局限于上述术语。上述术语仅仅为了从其他结构要素中区别另一个结构要素而使用。例如，在不脱离本发明权利范围的情况下，第一结构要素可以被命名为第二结构要素，类似地，第二结构要素也可以被命名为第一结构要素。
术语“和/或”可包括多个相关记载项的组合或多个相关记载项中的一项。
在涉及某一结构要素与其他结构要素“相连接”或“相联接”的情况下，可以理解为某一结构要素可以直接与其他结构要素相连接或相联接，但也可以理解为在它们中间还可以存在其他结构要素。相反，在涉及某一结构要素与其他结构要素“直接相连接”或“直接相联接”的情况下，可以理解为在它们中间不存在其他结构要素。
在本申请中所使用的术语仅仅用于说明特定实施例，而并非用于限定本发明。除非在文脉上明确表示不同的含义，单数的表达包括复数的表达。
在本申请中，“包括”或“具有”等术语来指定记载于本说明书中的特征、数字、步骤、动作、结构要素、部件或这些组合的存在，因而可将这些“包括”或“具有”等术语理解为不预先排除一个或一个以上的其他特征或数字、步骤、动作、结构要素、部件或这些组合的存在或附加可能性。
除非被定义为其他的含义，包括技术性或科学性术语在内的本说明书中所使用的所有术语可以具有与本发明所属技术领域的普通技术人员一般理解的含义相同的含义。与一般使用的词典所定义的含义相同的术语可以被解释为具有与相关技术的文脉所具有的含义相同的含义，除非在本申请中明确下定义，不应解释为理想性的含义或过于形式性的含义。
同时，为了向本发明所属技术领域的普通技术人员更加完整地说明本发明而提供以下的实施例，因而为了更加明确地进行说明，附图中的多个要素的形状及大小等能够以夸张的方式示出。
图1为用于说明具有本发明一实施例的后轮驱动装置40的环保车辆100的结构图。
如图1所示，本发明一实施例的车辆包括：前轮驱动装置20，用于驱动前轮10；以及后轮驱动装置40，用于驱动后轮30。
前轮驱动装置20单纯地仅以驱动前轮10为其目的，前轮驱动装置20的动力不向后轮30传递。
根据车辆的形式及驱动方式，前轮驱动装置20为通常的内燃机的引擎或电动马达或包括：前轮驱动部21，包括内燃机的引擎和电动马达；以及变速部22，通过对前轮驱动部21的动力进行减速后向前轮10传递。
由后述的车辆控制单元41对前轮驱动装置20的前轮驱动部21和变速部22的工作进行控制。
另一方面，后轮驱动装置40单纯地仅以驱动后轮30为其目的，后轮驱动装置40的动力不向上述前轮驱动装置20传递。
进而，本发明一实施例的后轮驱动装置40包括：后轮驱动部48，用于分别独立驱动两侧后轮30；以及后轮减速部49，通过独立地对后轮驱动部48的驱动力进行减速来向两侧后轮30传递。
为此，后轮驱动部48具备：第一马达481，用于独立驱动第一后轮31；以及第二马达482，用于独立驱动上述第二后轮32，后轮减速部49具备用于分别独立地对上述第一马达481的驱动力和上述第二马达482的驱动力进行减速的方法。
参照图2，对上述后轮驱动部48和后轮减速部49的详细结构进行后述。
另一方面，如图2所示，本发明一实施例的环保车辆100包括用于控制上述后轮驱动部48和上述后轮减速部49的控制部，使得后轮驱动部48的第一马达481和第二马达482以各自独立驱动或独立再生的方式进行控制。
更加详细地，如图所示，上述控制部包括：马达控制单元42，用于向上述第一马达481和上述第二马达482分别独立供给驱动电力；液压控制部45，通过生成液压来向后轮减速部49供给；以及车辆控制单元41，与上述马达控制单元42和上述液压控制部45电连接，用于对上述马达控制单元42的工作及上述液压控制部45的工作进行控制。
马达控制单元42根据后述的车辆控制单元41的控制信号通过高电压线44向上述第一马达481及上述第二马达482同时或选择性地供给储存于电池43的高压电力，或者从第一马达481及上述第二马达482回收能量，以便能够以使上述第一马达481和上述第二马达482独立驱动或再生的方式控制上述第一马达481和上述第二马达482。
如图所示，马达控制单元42通过马达控制线47分别与上述第一马达481及上述第二马达482电连接，并通过通信线50与车辆控制单元41电连接。
对于马达控制单元42，只要是可选择性地向第一马达481和第二马达482供给电力的结构，就可以无限制地适用本发明所属技术领域所公知的单元，将对有关马达控制单元42的详细结构的说明予以省略。
如后述，液压控制部45向利用液压来进行工作的后轮减速部49的各结构，更加详细地，根据车辆控制单元41的控制信号，向第一制动器B1、第二制动器B2及离合器C选择性地供给液压来控制后轮减速部49。
液压控制部45通过通信线50与车辆控制单元41电连接，并通过液压线46与后轮减速部49的第一制动器B1、第二制动器B2及离合器C相连接。
参照图3，对这种液压控制部45的详细结构进行后述。
车辆控制单元41起到对前述的前轮驱动部21的工作以及后轮驱动部48和后轮减速部49的工作进行控制的作用。
车辆控制单元41执行与通常的引擎控制单元(ECU)类似的功能，但由于全方位地对前轮驱动部21的工作和后轮驱动部48的工作进行控制，因而与引擎控制单元相比，车辆控制单元41属于更加全方位的上位概念。
车辆控制单元41通过通信线50与接收通过变速杆、加速器及方向盘输入的驾驶员的意图，并附着于车辆的各种传感器电连接，从而通过多个传感器接收车辆信息，并以接收到的信息为基础，考虑车辆的油耗及效率、姿势稳定性来对前轮驱动部21及后轮驱动部48的工作及驱动力分配进行控制。
更加详细地，在普通的行驶状况下，当启动车辆或车辆低速行驶时，本发明一实施例的车辆控制单元41与普通的电动汽车或混合动力电动汽车类似地考虑到车辆的效率而以仅利用后轮驱动部48驱动后轮30的方式控制前轮驱动部21及后轮驱动部48。
并且在车辆超过规定速度的情况下，即，当车辆高速行驶时，车辆控制单元41同样考虑到车辆的效率而仅利用前轮驱动部21驱动前轮10的方式控制前轮驱动部21及后轮驱动部48。
但是即使在高速行驶中的情况下，当需要急速转换方向或变更车道等需要调整车辆的稳定性及姿势稳定性时，本发明一实施例的车辆控制单元41以可向当前未被驱动的后轮30传递任意驱动力的方式控制后轮驱动部48。
更加详细地，当车辆转换方向及变更车道时，车辆控制单元41利用前轮10及后轮30的速度信息、驾驶员的加速器开度、制动器是否工作、驾驶员的输入转角、电池43的充电量及放电量状态、后轮驱动部48的第一马达481和第二马达的旋转速度、车辆的偏航角速度(yaw rate)信息等来对用于最适当地控制后轮30的第一马达481和第二马达482的车辆旋转力矩进行计算，并对用于生成所计算出的旋转力矩的第一马达481和第二马达482的功率进行计算，之后利用所计算出的功率来通过通信线50向马达控制单元42传递用于使第一马达481和第二马达482分别独立驱动两侧后轮30的控制信号，从而马达控制单元42以使后轮30的第一马达481和第二马达482进行工作的方式控制第一马达481和第二马达482。
通过如上所述的过程，当车辆转换方向及变更车道线时，利用后轮30的第一马达481和第二马达482分别独立驱动两侧后轮30，从而与以往相比，可使车辆的姿势稳定性及调整稳定性得到显著改善。
参照图4，对有关如上所述的两侧后轮30的独立驱动控制的详细内容进行后述。
图2示出本发明一实施例的后轮驱动装置40中的后轮驱动部48和后轮减速部49的结构图。
如前所述，后轮驱动部48包括：第一马达481，用于独立驱动第一后轮31；以及第二马达482，用于独立驱动第二后轮32。第一马达481的第一定子481a和第二马达482的第二定子482a分别固定在车身，作为第一马达481的第一转子481b的输出端的第一转子轴481c与后述的第一行星齿轮组491的第一行星架491a相连接，作为第二马达482的第二转子482b的输出端的第二转子轴482c与后述的第二行星齿轮的第二行星架492a相连接。
只要可分别向第一后轮31及第二后轮32提供所需要的驱动力，第一马达481和第二马达482就不受种类和形式的限制而可适用本发明所属技术领域所公知的电动马达。
但是，为了使本发明一实施例的第一马达481和第二马达482各自且独立驱动，上述第一马达481和第二马达482受马达控制单元42的控制。
以所示出的实施例为基准，第一后轮31和第一马达481配置于车辆前方的左侧，第二后轮32和第二马达482配置于车辆前方的右侧，但并不局限于此。
另一方面，如图2所示，后轮减速部49包括：第一转子轴481c，其为第一马达481的输出端；第一行星齿轮组491，配置于上述第一后轮31之间；第二转子轴482c，其为第二马达482的输出端；以及第二行星齿轮组492，配置于上述第二后轮32之间。
更加详细地，上述第一行星齿轮组491包括：第一行星架491a，与上述第一马达481的输出端相连接；第一太阳齿轮491c，与上述第一后轮31的第一轮轴481d相连接；以及第一环形齿轮491b，以可解除固定的方式固定于上述车辆的车身，上述第二行星齿轮组492包括：第二行星架492a，与上述第二马达482的输出端相连接；第二太阳齿轮492c，与上述第二后轮32的第二轮轴482d相连接；以及第二环形齿轮492b，以可解除固定的方式固定于上述车辆的车身。
在此情况下，上述第一环形齿轮491b借助以液压式进行工作的第一制动器B1来以可解除固定的方式固定于车身，上述第二环形齿轮492b借助同样以液压式进行工作的第二制动器B2来以可解除固定的方式固定于车身。
并且，上述第一环形齿轮491b与第二环形齿轮492b借助以液压式进行工作的离合器C来以相互之间可解除连接的方式相连接。
通过如上所述的结构，当第一马达481和第二马达482进行驱动控制或再生控制时，上述第一制动器B1和上述第二制动器B2处于锁定状态(LOCK-ON state)，离合器C处于解锁状态(LOCK-OFF state)，从而使第一马达481与第二马达482相互之间各自独立减速，来驱动第一后轮31及第二后轮32或可通过第一后轮31及第二后轮32回收能量。
更加详细地，当驱动第一马达481及第二马达482时，相当于各个输出端的第一转子轴481C和第二转子轴482c以与第一行星架491a和第二行星架492a相连接的状态分别向第一行星架491a和第二行星架492a传递第一马达481的驱动力和第二马达482的驱动力。
在此情况下，由于第一制动器B1和第二制动器B2处于锁定状态，因而第一环形齿轮491b和第二环形齿轮492b处于分别固定于车身的状态，从而使第一行星架491a和第二行星架492a的驱动力得到减速来分别向第一太阳齿轮491c和第二太阳齿轮492c传递。
然后，如图所示，由于第一后轮31和第二后轮32分别直接与第一太阳齿轮491c和第二太阳齿轮492c相连接，因而分别减速的驱动力经由第一太阳齿轮491c和第二太阳齿轮492c直接向第一后轮31和第二后轮32传递。
在此情况下，由于离合器C处于解锁状态，第一环形齿轮491b与第二环形齿轮492b相互之间处于解除连接的状态，第一马达481和第二马达482以各自独立地产生驱动力或可回收能量的方式受到马达控制单元42的控制。
另一方面，实施例示出了以液压式进行工作的多板式第一制动器B1和第二制动器B2及离合器C，但本发明并不局限于此，可以适用制动器和离合器C，上述制动器和离合器C可以有效地将第一环形齿轮491b和第二环形齿轮492b以可解除固定的方式固定于车身，并可有效地以相互之间可解除连接的方式连接第一环形齿轮491b和第二环形齿轮492b。
但是，为了便于说明，根据所示出的实施例，以多板形式的第一制动器B1、第二制动器B2及离合器C为基准进行说明。
图3中示出了用于对上述第一制动器B1、第二制动器B2及上述离合器C的工作进行控制的液压控制部45的结构图。
如图所示，本发明一实施例的液压控制部45具有如下的结构，即，当对第一马达481和第二马达482驱动或再生进行控制时，在未供给液压状态下，通过向处于锁定状态的第一制动器B1及第二制动器B2以及处于解锁状态的离合器C供给液压，来使第一制动器B1和第二制动器B2从锁定状态转换为解锁状态，并使离合器C从解锁状态转换为锁定状态。
即，在未向第一制动器B1、第二制动器B2及离合器C供给液压的初始状态下，本发明的液压控制部45通过控制上述第一制动器B1、第二制动器B2从锁定状态转换为解锁状态，并控制离合器C从解锁状态转换为锁定状态，从而执行如下功能，即，解除后轮30与后轮驱动部48之间的动力传递关系，并转换后轮减速部49，使得后轮减速部49起到后轮30的差动齿轮的作用。
更加详细地，液压控制部45包括：液压泵452，用于对工作油进行加压；泵驱动马达451，用于驱动液压泵452；第一液压阀455，用于向第一制动器B1供给经过加压的工作油；第二液压阀456，用于向第二制动器B2供给经过加压的工作油；第三液压阀457，用于向离合器C供给经过加压的工作油；以及液压控制单元458，用于对上述泵驱动马达451的工作及上述第一液压阀455、第二液压阀456、第三液压阀457的开闭进行控制。
液压泵452起到对从工作油储存部453经过工作油过滤器454的工作油进行加压的作用，泵驱动马达451从液压控制单元458接收电力来得到驱动，并向液压泵452传递动力。
因此，如上所述，若车辆控制单元41为了解除后轮30与后轮驱动部48之间的动力传递关系而向液压控制单元458施加控制信号，则液压控制单元458通过向泵驱动马达451供给电力来运行液压泵452。
被液压泵452加压的工作油向第一液压阀455、第二液压阀456及第三液压阀457传递。
第一液压阀455、第二液压阀456及第三液压阀457与液压控制单元458电连接，因而通过液压控制单元458的控制信号来对上述第一液压阀455、第二液压阀456及第三液压阀457的开闭进行控制。
另一方面，第一液压阀455、第二液压阀456及第三液压阀457分别具有与液压控制单元458电连接的第一压力传感器S1、第二压力传感器S2、及第三压力传感器S3。
因此，若判断为从第一压力传感器S1、、第二压力传感器S2、及第三压力传感器S3测定出的液压低于目标压力，则车辆控制单元41向液压控制单元458传递控制信号用于对第一液压阀455、第二液压阀456及第三液压阀457的开度进行调节或对液压泵452的压力进行调节，从而调节向第一制动器B1、第二制动器B2及离合器C传递的液压的方式进行控制。
若通过第一液压阀455及第二液压阀456供给具有目标压力的液压，则通过制动缸B1-1、B2-1内部的制动弹簧B1-3、B2-3的作用，对压力板正在进行加压的制动活塞B1-2、B2-2受到远离压力板方向的力量，从而使第一制动器B1及第二制动器B2的锁定状态转换为解锁状态，若通过第三液压阀457供给液压，则通过离合缸C1-1、C2-1外部的离合器弹簧B1-3、B2-3的作用，则向远离压力板方向得到加压的离合器活塞C1-2、C2-2受到向压力板移动的力量，从而使离合器C的解锁状态转换为锁定状态。
以下，参照图4，对本发明一实施例的后轮驱动装置40的作用进行说明。
如前所述，在仅利用前轮驱动部21的动力来驱动车辆的情况下，即，在车辆高速行驶的情况下，为了防止因高速旋转力从后轮30通过减速器被逆向输入而使第一马达481和第二马达482受损，车辆控制单元41通过液压控制部45使上述第一制动器B1和上述第二制动器B2从锁定状态转换为解锁状态，并使离合器C从解锁状态转换为锁定状态。
并且，在车辆低速行驶的情况下，或者在当车辆高速行驶时需要紧急转换车辆的方向及紧急变更车道的情况下，若向第一马达481或第二马达482中的至少一个马达供给电力，则车辆控制单元41通过液压控制部45使第一制动器B1、第二制动器B2及离合器C不接收液压，从而以使第一制动器B1和第二制动器B2维持锁定状态，并使控制离合器C维持解锁状态。
如上所述，在图4中示出了当车辆转换方向时的后轮驱动部48的工作状态。
如图4的左侧部分所示，当车辆在高速行驶中，若向车辆控制单元41输入所要将车辆的行驶方向紧急向右侧转换的驾驶员的意图，则车辆控制单元41通过对前述的信息等进行综合判断来计算所需的旋转力矩。
车辆控制单元41根据所计算出的力矩向马达控制单元42施加用于驱动第一后轮31的控制信号，马达控制单元42通过向第一马达481施加所需要的电力，从而通过第一马达481实施对第一后轮31的驱动控制。
在此情况下，车辆控制单元41以使第二马达482不接收电力的方式进行控制，并利用第二马达482实施从第二后轮32回收能量的再生控制。
因此，通过第一马达481对第一后轮31的驱动进行控制，从而与以往相比，可使车辆明显容易的且快速的实施向右侧方向的转换，由此可显著提高车辆的调整稳定性，并通过第二后轮32的回收控制，可以改善车辆的效率及油耗。
如图4的右侧部分所示，当车辆在高速行驶中，若向车辆控制单元41输入所要将车辆的行驶方向紧急向左侧转换的驾驶员的意图，则与向左侧方向转换的情况相反，车辆控制单元41通过第二马达482实施对第二后轮32的驱动控制，并对第一后轮31实施回收控制。
当然，若发生在斜坡上紧急启动或在行驶中紧急加速等瞬间需要提高车辆功率的情况，则本发明一实施例的环保车辆100与以往环保车辆100的4轮驱动控制类似地将未受到驱动控制的前轮驱动装置20或后轮驱动装置40瞬间转换为驱动控制，来补充不足的驱动力，从而可提高车辆的功率，并可改善行驶的稳定性。
在图4的中间部分例示性地示出了如下结构：在仅利用前轮10进行行驶的情况下，通过向车辆控制单元41输入所要紧急加速的驾驶员的意图，使车辆控制单元41通过将未受驱动控制的后轮驱动装置40转换为驱动控制，来向第一后轮31和第二后轮32均实施驱动控制，由此瞬间提高车辆的功率。像这样，通过瞬间将后轮驱动装置40改变为驱动控制状态，从而可通过后轮驱动装置40补充不足的功率。
像这样，本发明所属技术领域的普通技术人员可以理解，在不变更本发明的技术思想或必要特征的情况下，可通过其他具体方式来实施上述本发明的技术结构。
因此，以上所说明的实施例应当理解为在所有方面均为例示性的，而并非为限定性的，本发明的范围通过发明要求保护范围来表示，而并非通过详细说明来表示，从发明要求保护范围的含义、范围及其等同概念导出的所有变更或变形形态应当解释为包括在本发明的范围之内。

Claims (9)

1.一种环保车辆的后轮驱动装置，用于分别独立驱动车辆的第一后轮及第二后轮，上述环保车辆的后轮驱动装置的特征在于，
包括：
后轮驱动部，包括用于驱动上述第一后轮的第一马达和用于驱动上述第二后轮的第二马达；
后轮减速部，通过对上述第一马达的驱动力及上述第二马达的驱动力进行减速后分别向上述第一后轮及上述第二后轮传递；以及
控制部，用于控制上述后轮驱动部和上述后轮减速部，来分别独立驱动上述第一马达和上述第二马达。
2.根据权利要求1所述的环保车辆的后轮驱动装置，其特征在于，上述后轮减速部包括：
第一行星齿轮组，配置于上述第一马达的输出端与上述第一后轮之间；以及
第二行星齿轮组，配置于上述第二马达的输出端与上述第二后轮之间。
3.根据权利要求2所述的环保车辆的后轮驱动装置，其特征在于，
上述第一行星齿轮组包括：
第一行星架，与上述第一马达的输出端相连接；
第一太阳齿轮，与上述第一后轮相连接；以及
第一环形齿轮，固定于上述车辆的车身并能够解除固定，
上述第二行星齿轮组包括：
第二行星架，与上述第二马达的输出端相连接；
第二太阳齿轮，与上述第二后轮相连接；以及
第二环形齿轮，固定于上述车辆的车身并能够解除固定。
4.根据权利要求3所述的环保车辆的后轮驱动装置，其特征在于，
上述后轮减速部还包括：
第一制动器，用于将上述第一环形齿轮固定于上述车身并能够解除固定，而且以液压式进行工作；以及
第二制动器，用于将上述第二环形齿轮固定于上述车身并能够解除固定，而且以液压式进行工作，
在未向上述第一制动器和上述第二制动器供给液压的情况下，借助上述第一制动器及上述第二制动器上述第一环形齿轮和上述第二环形齿轮处于被固定的状态。
5.根据权利要求4所述的环保车辆的后轮驱动装置，其特征在于，
上述后轮减速部还包括用于以能够解除连接的方式连接上述第一环形齿轮和上述第二环形齿轮并以液压式进行工作的离合器，
在未向上述离合器供给液压的情况下，上述离合器处于解锁状态，从而使上述第一环形齿轮和上述第二环形齿轮处于被解除连接的状态。
6.根据权利要求5所述的环保车辆的后轮驱动装置，其特征在于，上述控制部包括：
马达控制单元，为了分别向上述第一马达和上述第二马达独立供给驱动电力而进行工作；
液压控制部，以生成液压并向上述第一制动器、上述第二制动器及上述离合器供给；以及
车辆控制单元，与上述马达控制单元和上述液压控制部电连接，用于对上述马达控制单元及上述液压控制部的工作进行控制。
7.根据权利要求6所述的环保车辆的后轮驱动装置，其特征在于，在通过上述马达控制单元向上述第一马达或上述第二马达中的至少一个马达供给电力的情况下，上述车辆控制单元通过上述液压控制部控制不对上述第一制动器、第二制动器及上述离合器供给液压。
8.根据权利要求6所述的环保车辆的后轮驱动装置，其特征在于，在通过上述马达控制单元切断向上述第一马达和上述第二马达供给电力的情况下，上述车辆控制单元通过上述液压控制部进行控制使上述第一制动器和上述第二制动器从锁定状态转换为解锁状态，并使上述离合器从解锁状态转换为锁定状态。
9.根据权利要求7所述的环保车辆的后轮驱动装置，其特征在于，
还包括用于对向上述第一马达及上述第二马达供给的电力进行储存的电池，
在向上述第一马达或上述第二马达中的至少一个马达供给电力的情况下，上述马达控制单元通过控制对未接收电力的另一个马达生成的电力进行回收来储存于上述电池。
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