CN107002785B - 工业车辆的车桥 - Google Patents
工业车辆的车桥 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107002785B CN107002785B CN201480083277.3A CN201480083277A CN107002785B CN 107002785 B CN107002785 B CN 107002785B CN 201480083277 A CN201480083277 A CN 201480083277A CN 107002785 B CN107002785 B CN 107002785B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
- B60T1/00—Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles
- B60T1/02—Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles acting by retarding wheels
- B60T1/06—Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles acting by retarding wheels acting otherwise than on tread, e.g. employing rim, drum, disc, or transmission or on double wheels
- B60T1/062—Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles acting by retarding wheels acting otherwise than on tread, e.g. employing rim, drum, disc, or transmission or on double wheels acting on transmission parts
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66F—HOISTING, LIFTING, HAULING OR PUSHING, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. DEVICES WHICH APPLY A LIFTING OR PUSHING FORCE DIRECTLY TO THE SURFACE OF A LOAD
- B66F9/00—Devices for lifting or lowering bulky or heavy goods for loading or unloading purposes
- B66F9/06—Devices for lifting or lowering bulky or heavy goods for loading or unloading purposes movable, with their loads, on wheels or the like, e.g. fork-lift trucks
- B66F9/075—Constructional features or details
- B66F9/07572—Propulsion arrangements
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
- B60B35/00—Axle units; Parts thereof ; Arrangements for lubrication of axles
- B60B35/12—Torque-transmitting axles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
- B60B35/00—Axle units; Parts thereof ; Arrangements for lubrication of axles
- B60B35/12—Torque-transmitting axles
- B60B35/16—Axle housings
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
- B60K17/04—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
- B60K17/04—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing
- B60K17/16—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing of differential gearing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
- B60K17/04—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing
- B60K17/16—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing of differential gearing
- B60K17/165—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing of differential gearing provided between independent half axles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
- B60K17/28—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or type of power take-off
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
- B60T1/00—Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles
- B60T1/02—Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles acting by retarding wheels
- B60T1/06—Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles acting by retarding wheels acting otherwise than on tread, e.g. employing rim, drum, disc, or transmission or on double wheels
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66F—HOISTING, LIFTING, HAULING OR PUSHING, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. DEVICES WHICH APPLY A LIFTING OR PUSHING FORCE DIRECTLY TO THE SURFACE OF A LOAD
- B66F9/00—Devices for lifting or lowering bulky or heavy goods for loading or unloading purposes
- B66F9/06—Devices for lifting or lowering bulky or heavy goods for loading or unloading purposes movable, with their loads, on wheels or the like, e.g. fork-lift trucks
- B66F9/075—Constructional features or details
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66F—HOISTING, LIFTING, HAULING OR PUSHING, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. DEVICES WHICH APPLY A LIFTING OR PUSHING FORCE DIRECTLY TO THE SURFACE OF A LOAD
- B66F9/00—Devices for lifting or lowering bulky or heavy goods for loading or unloading purposes
- B66F9/06—Devices for lifting or lowering bulky or heavy goods for loading or unloading purposes movable, with their loads, on wheels or the like, e.g. fork-lift trucks
- B66F9/075—Constructional features or details
- B66F9/07509—Braking
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D55/00—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes
- F16D55/24—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with a plurality of axially-movable discs, lamellae, or pads, pressed from one side towards an axially-located member
- F16D55/26—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with a plurality of axially-movable discs, lamellae, or pads, pressed from one side towards an axially-located member without self-tightening action
- F16D55/36—Brakes with a plurality of rotating discs all lying side by side
- F16D55/40—Brakes with a plurality of rotating discs all lying side by side actuated by a fluid-pressure device arranged in or one the brake
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D59/00—Self-acting brakes, e.g. coming into operation at a predetermined speed
- F16D59/02—Self-acting brakes, e.g. coming into operation at a predetermined speed spring-loaded and adapted to be released by mechanical, fluid, or electromagnetic means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D65/00—Parts or details
- F16D65/14—Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position
- F16D65/16—Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position arranged in or on the brake
- F16D65/18—Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position arranged in or on the brake adapted for drawing members together, e.g. for disc brakes
- F16D65/186—Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position arranged in or on the brake adapted for drawing members together, e.g. for disc brakes with full-face force-applying member, e.g. annular
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
- B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
- B60Y2200/10—Road Vehicles
- B60Y2200/15—Fork lift trucks, Industrial trucks
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
- B60Y2300/00—Purposes or special features of road vehicle drive control systems
- B60Y2300/18—Propelling the vehicle
- B60Y2300/18008—Propelling the vehicle related to particular drive situations
- B60Y2300/18108—Braking
- B60Y2300/18141—Braking for parking
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
- B60Y2410/00—Constructional features of vehicle sub-units
- B60Y2410/10—Housings
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
- B60Y2410/00—Constructional features of vehicle sub-units
- B60Y2410/102—Shaft arrangements; Shaft supports, e.g. bearings
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D2121/00—Type of actuator operation force
- F16D2121/02—Fluid pressure
- F16D2121/04—Fluid pressure acting on a piston-type actuator, e.g. for liquid pressure
- F16D2121/06—Fluid pressure acting on a piston-type actuator, e.g. for liquid pressure for releasing a normally applied brake
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D2121/00—Type of actuator operation force
- F16D2121/14—Mechanical
- F16D2121/16—Mechanical for releasing a normally applied brake
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D51/00—Brakes with outwardly-movable braking members co-operating with the inner surface of a drum or the like
- F16D51/16—Brakes with outwardly-movable braking members co-operating with the inner surface of a drum or the like shaped as brake-shoes pivoted on a fixed or nearly-fixed axis
- F16D51/18—Brakes with outwardly-movable braking members co-operating with the inner surface of a drum or the like shaped as brake-shoes pivoted on a fixed or nearly-fixed axis with two brake-shoes
- F16D51/20—Brakes with outwardly-movable braking members co-operating with the inner surface of a drum or the like shaped as brake-shoes pivoted on a fixed or nearly-fixed axis with two brake-shoes extending in opposite directions from their pivots
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Abstract
本发明提供容易维护驻车制动器的工业车辆的车桥。驻车制动器(5)在桥壳(1)外与传动装置(3)邻接地设置。驻车制动器(5)具备:制动器壳(50);制动轴(54),其被制动器壳(50)支承为能够绕轴旋转;制动齿轮(55),其设置于制动轴(54),与传动装置(3)的传递齿轮(36)啮合;多个第一制动片(56A),它们设置于制动轴(54);第二制动片(56B),其设置于制动器壳(50),配置为与第一制动片(56A)交替地排列;以及制动活塞(57),其配置为在制动器壳(50)内能与两种片(56A、56B)接近或者与两种片(56A、56B)分离,用于使两种片(56A、56B)相互压接。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及具备驻车制动器的工业车辆的车桥。
背景技术
在叉车等工业车辆的车桥所具备的行车制动器和驻车制动器采用湿式多片制动器。凭借采用湿式多片制动器,能够实现制动器的长寿命化。这种车桥公开于专利文献1、专利文献2等。
图4表示专利文献1的工业车辆的车桥的局部剖视图,图5表示图4的A-A线向视图。车桥具备:桥壳6、插通于桥壳6的车桥轴60、以及配置于车桥轴60的外周的车架支架61。车架支架61的径向内部由螺栓62固定于桥壳6的凸缘部6a,车架支架61的径向外部由螺栓64固定于车体的车架63。
轮毂65经由轴承66配置于桥壳6的外周。轮毂65的一端由螺栓67固定于车桥轴60的凸缘端部60a,轮毂65的另一端由螺栓70固定于制动毂68和车轮的轮辋69。制动器盖71和中心盖72被螺栓73固定于车架支架61。
多个摩擦片74以能够沿车桥轴60的轴向移动的方式卡合于制动毂68的花键。多个压片75以能够沿车桥轴60的轴向移动的方式卡合于中心盖72的花键。摩擦片74和压片75在车桥轴60的轴向上交替地排列配置。
驻车活塞76以能够沿车桥轴60的轴向移动的方式配置于车架支架61的内侧。驻车弹簧77配置于驻车活塞76和车架支架61之间。行车制动器活塞78以能够沿车桥轴60的轴向移动的方式收纳于车架支架61内。如图5那样,在以车桥轴60的轴芯600为中心的圆周上设置多个行车制动器活塞78和驻车弹簧77。设置油室79,用于驻车活塞76。针对每个行车制动器活塞78,设置油室80。
为了使驻车制动器工作,供排油装置(未被图示)使各油室80的工作油通过油路81和排出口82(参照图5)排出,并且使油室79的工作油通过油路83排出。于是,驻车活塞76被驻车弹簧77的作用力朝向两种片74、75按压,而使两种片74、75相互压接。由此,阻止车轮的旋转。
为了解除驻车制动器的制动,供排油装置通过油路83向油室79供给工作油,从而使驻车活塞76克服驻车弹簧77的作用力而脱离两种片74、75。由此,解除两种片74、75的压接。
为了使行车制动器工作,驻车制动器预先如上述那样地解除制动。然后,供排油装置通过流入口84(参照图5)和油路81向各油室80供给工作油。于是,将行车制动器活塞78朝向两种片74、75按压,而使两种片74、75相互压接。由此,对车轮进行制动。
如以上那样,在该车桥中,驻车制动器与行车制动器被一体化来共用摩擦片74和压片75。
专利文献1:日本特开2003-343622号公报
专利文献2:日本特开2003-247573号公报
然而,上述的制动器构造非常复杂。并且,该复杂的制动器构造需要设置于车桥的左右两侧,从而成本增高。
另外,该制动器构造不易维护。例如,工作人员依次拆下车桥轴60、车轮、轮毂65、制动毂68、制动器盖71,才总算能够对摩擦片74、压片75、驻车活塞76、驻车弹簧77、行车制动器活塞78进行维护。另外,如图5所示,将驻车弹簧77和行车制动器活塞78配置于车桥轴60的周围,也是导致不易操作到的原因之一。
另外,在该制动器构造中,驻车制动器是常闭式制动器(日文:ネガティブ式ブレーキ),因此,在紧急时刻牵引工业车辆时,必须解除驻车制动器的制动。为了解除驻车制动器的制动,需要操作在以轴芯600为中心的圆周上配置的多个制动器解除螺栓(未被图示)。因此,操作人员必须从桥壳6的下方的内侧操作左右的制动器构造中的每一个制动器解除螺栓。如上所述地,利用制动器解除螺栓进行的解除驻车制动器的制动的操作也不容易。
发明内容
本发明是鉴于上述情况而完成的,提供一种容易维护驻车制动器的工业车辆的车桥。
为了解决上述课题,本发明的工业车辆的车桥的特征在于,具备:桥壳;左右一对车桥轴,它们插通于上述桥壳内;差动装置,其设置于上述桥壳内,将由动力源产生的动力分配至上述一对车桥轴;传动装置,其设置于上述桥壳外,将上述动力向上述差动装置传递;以及驻车制动器,其在上述桥壳外与上述传动装置邻接地设置,
上述传动装置具备:分动器壳;传递轴,其用于将上述动力向上述差动装置传递,被上述分动器壳支承为能够绕轴旋转;以及传递齿轮,其设置于上述传递轴,基于上述动力旋转,
上述驻车制动器具备:制动器壳;制动轴,其被上述制动器壳支承为能够绕轴旋转;制动齿轮,其设置于上述制动轴,与上述传递齿轮啮合;多个第一制动片,它们设置于上述制动轴;第二制动片,其设置于上述制动器壳,配置为与上述第一制动片交替地排列;以及制动活塞,其配置为在上述制动器壳内能与上述第一制动片和上述第二制动片接近或者与上述第一制动片和上述第二制动片分离,用于使上述第一制动片和上述第二制动片相互压接。
优选为,上述驻车制动器具备:设置于上述制动器壳内,并将上述制动活塞向上述第一制动片和上述第二制动片按压的弹簧,
上述制动活塞因向上述制动器壳内的油室供给工作油而克服上述弹簧的作用力,与上述第一制动片和上述第二制动片分离,解除上述第一制动片和第二制动片的压接。
优选为,上述驻车制动器具备:在上述制动器壳的内外做延伸,并与上述制动活塞以螺纹卡合的制动器解除螺栓,
上述制动活塞因上述制动器解除螺栓的旋转而克服上述弹簧的作用力,与上述第一制动片和上述第二制动片分离,解除上述第一制动片和上述第二制动片的压接。
优选为,上述驻车制动器与上述传动装置的右侧邻接地设置,在将上述车桥设置于上述工业车辆的车体时,上述驻车制动器位于相对于上述车体的中心轴线向右方偏离的位置。
优选为,上述驻车制动器与上述传动装置的左侧邻接地设置,在将上述车桥设置于上述工业车辆的车体时,上述驻车制动器位于相对于上述车体的中心轴线向左方偏离的位置。
优选为,具备配置于上述桥壳的左右两侧的行车制动器,上述行车制动器是鼓式制动器。
上述工业车辆是具备作为上述驱动源的发动机的叉车。
上述车桥是设置于上述工业车辆的车体的前部的前桥。
根据本发明,容易从车体的侧方操作驻车制动器。因此,容易进行制动片、制动活塞等部件的更换等针对驻车制动器的维护。
附图说明
图1是本发明的一实施方式的车桥的简要的立体图。
图2是本发明的一实施方式的车桥的剖视图。
图3是本发明的一实施方式的车桥的局部放大剖视图。
图4是以往的前桥的剖视图。
图5是图4的A-A线向视图。
具体实施方式
以下,参照附图对本发明的一实施方式的工业车辆的车桥进行说明。车桥设置于叉车等工业车辆的车体。在本实施方式中,工业车辆是具备发动机来作为驱动源的叉车,车桥是设置于工业车辆的车体的前部的前桥。
图1示出了本实施方式的车桥的简要的立体图,图2示出了图1的车桥的剖视图。车桥具备桥壳1与插通于桥壳1内并沿左右方向延伸的左右一对车桥轴10。
车桥具备对由发动机(未被图示)产生的动力进行分配并将其传递至一对车桥轴10的差动装置2和将来自发动机的动力向差动装置2传递的传动装置3。
差动装置2设置于桥壳1内的中央。差速器壳20经由轴承21被以能够旋转的方式支承于桥壳1。输入齿轮22为环状,由螺栓23固定于差速器壳20的外周,与差速器壳20一体地旋转。来自发动机的动力经由传动装置3传递至输入齿轮22。左右一对输出齿轮24(侧齿轮)设置于差速器壳20内。各车桥轴10通过其内侧端部安装于输出齿轮24,并与输出齿轮24一体地旋转。
小齿轮轴25由销26固定于差速器壳20,与车桥轴10成直角地延伸。一对小齿轮27以能够相对于小齿轮轴25旋转的方式安装于小齿轮轴25的两端。小齿轮27分别与两输出齿轮24啮合。
参照图2和图3,传动装置3在桥壳1外设置于差动装置2的后方。传动装置3具备分动器壳30。支架11由螺栓12固定于桥壳1的中央的开口的四周,分动器壳30由螺栓固定于该支架11。
传动装置3具备:经由轴承31被以能够绕轴旋转的方式支承于分动器壳30并与左右方向成直角地延伸的输入轴32和安装于输入轴32并与输入轴32一体地旋转的输入齿轮33。输入轴32经由万向节13(参照图3)连接于变速器(未图示)的输出轴。来自发动机的动力经由变速器传递至输入轴32。
传动装置3进一步具备传递轴35,该传递轴35经由轴承34被分动器壳30支承为能够绕轴旋转,与左右方向成直角地延伸,用于将来自输入轴32的动力向差动装置2传递。另外,传动装置3具备安装于传递轴35并与传递轴35一体地旋转的传递齿轮36。在传递轴35的一端形成有输出齿轮37,该输出齿轮37与差动装置2的输入齿轮22啮合。传递齿轮36与输入齿轮33啮合,因经由输入轴32和输入齿轮33传递来的动力而旋转。
若将动力从发动机经由变速器向输入轴32传递,则输入轴32和输入齿轮33一体地旋转,由此,传递轴35和传递齿轮36一体地旋转。其结果,差动装置2的与传递轴35的输出齿轮37啮合的输入齿轮22旋转。这样,传动装置3将动力从发动机向差动装置2传递。
于是,若差动装置2的输入齿轮22旋转,则经由差速器壳20、小齿轮轴25以及小齿轮27,使两输出齿轮24旋转。其结果,各车桥轴10旋转。这样,差动装置2对动力进行分配并将其传递至一对车桥轴10。
参照图1和图2,车桥具备在工业车辆行驶时对车桥的左右两侧的车轮的旋转进行制动的两个行车制动器4和在工业车辆驻车时阻止该车轮的旋转的一个驻车制动器5。
参照图2,行车制动器4在本实施方式中是干鼓式制动器。行车制动器4设置于桥壳1的左右两侧。各行车制动器4具备经由轴承40设置于桥壳1的外周,并被螺栓41固定于车桥轴10的凸缘形状的外侧端部10a的轮毂42。各行车制动器4进一步具备设置于桥壳1的外周,并由螺栓43固定于轮毂42的制动器鼓44。车轮的轮辋15由该螺栓43固定于轮毂42和制动器鼓44。
各行车制动器4进一步具备覆盖制动器鼓44的内侧的开口的衬片45。衬片45和车架支架16一同由螺栓46固定于桥壳1。此外,车架支架16由螺栓18安装于工业车辆的车体的框架17。由此,将车桥设置于车体。
另外,各行车制动器4具备配置于制动器鼓44内的一对制动蹄47和受衬片45支承的车轮(液压)制动分泵缸(未图示)。
若通过车轮(液压)制动分泵缸将一对制动蹄47按压于制动器鼓44的内壁,则车轮的旋转受到制动。这样,行车制动器4在工业车辆行驶时,对车轮的旋转进行制动。
参照图3,驻车制动器5是湿式多片制动器,且是常闭式制动器。驻车制动器5在桥壳1外与传动装置3的右侧邻接地设置,位于车体的下方右侧。即,在将车桥设置于车体时,驻车制动器5位于相对于车体的中心轴线9向右方偏离的位置。此外,图2和图3中的附图标记90表示车桥的中心轴线。
驻车制动器5具备制动器壳50。制动器壳50由螺栓14固定于支架11。制动器壳50由多个框架(第一框架50A、第二框架50B以及第三框架50C)的组合构成。在制动器壳50形成有朝向与桥壳1分离的方向(在本实施方式中为后方)的开口,该开口被制动器盖51覆盖。制动器壳50与制动器盖51由螺栓52固定。
驻车制动器5具备:经由轴承53被以能够绕轴旋转的方式支承于制动器壳50的第一框架50A,并与左右方向成直角延伸的制动轴54。制动轴54与传动装置3的输入轴32和传递轴35平行。制动轴54相对于传递轴35位于与输入轴32相反的一侧。驻车制动器5进一步具备安装于制动轴54并与制动轴54一体地旋转的制动齿轮55。制动齿轮55具有与传动装置3的输入齿轮33相同的外径。分动器壳30与制动器壳50相互连通,制动齿轮55与传递齿轮36啮合。
驻车制动器5具备:设置于制动轴54并与制动轴54一体地旋转的多个第一制动片56A(摩擦片)和设置于制动器壳50并不与制动轴54一体地旋转的多个第二制动片56B(压片)。第一制动片56A和第二制动片56B成圆环形状。第一制动片56A以能够沿制动轴54的轴向移动的方式卡合于在制动轴54的外周形成的花键。第二制动片56B以能够沿制动轴54的轴向移动的方式卡合于在制动器壳50的第二框架50B的内周形成的花键。第一制动片56A和第二制动片56B配置为沿制动轴54的轴向交替地排列。
驻车制动器5具备用于使第一制动片56A和第二制动片56B相互压接的制动活塞57。制动活塞57以能够沿制动轴54的轴向与第一制动片56A和第二制动片56B接近或与第一制动片56A和第二制动片56B分离的方式配置于制动器壳50内。
驻车制动器5在制动器壳50内具备弹簧58。弹簧58以被压缩的状态下配置于制动活塞57与制动器盖51之间,由该弹簧58的作用力,将制动活塞57按压于第一制动片56A和第二制动片56B。
另外,在制动器壳50内设置有用于解除驻车制动器5的制动的油室500。该油室500由制动活塞57、第三框架50C以及盖51形成。工作油通过油路由未图示的供排油装置供给至油室500,并且从油室500排出。
在驻车制动器5设置有用于在紧急时刻解除驻车制动器5制动的制动器解除螺栓59。制动器解除螺栓59与左右方向成直角延伸并贯通制动器盖51,朝向与桥壳1分离的方向(在本实施方式中为后方),向制动器壳50的外部稍微突出。制动器解除螺栓59与制动活塞57螺纹卡合。
驻车制动器5的工作和解除如下。
通常情况下,制动活塞57被弹簧58的作用力朝向第一制动片56A和第二制动片56B按压,使第一制动片56A与第二制动片56B相互压接(参照图3的驻车制动器5的左半部分)。通过该压接,阻止制动轴54和制动齿轮55的旋转。与此同时,由于传动装置3的传递齿轮36与制动齿轮55啮合,因此,传递轴35和传递齿轮36的旋转被阻止。由此,阻止车桥轴10的旋转。其结果,阻止车轮的旋转。驻车制动器5以上述方式工作,从而,在工业车辆驻车时阻止车轮的旋转。
若通过供排油装置,将工作油供给至油室500,则制动活塞57克服弹簧58的作用力而与第一制动片56A和第二制动片56B分离,解除第一制动片56A和第二制动片56B的压接(参照图3的驻车制动器5的右半部分)。其结果,车轮能够旋转。驻车制动器5被以如上方式解除。
驻车制动器5是常闭式制动器,因此,在发动机关闭时,驻车制动器5也工作。为了在紧急时刻牵引工业车辆,则需要解除驻车制动器5的制动。此时,工作人员从车体的侧方(在实施方式中为右方)操作驻车制动器5,使用扳手等工具使制动器解除螺栓59旋转。螺纹卡合于制动器解除螺栓59的制动活塞57因制动器解除螺栓59的旋转而相对于制动器解除螺栓59移动,克服弹簧58的作用力而与第一制动片56A和第二制动片56B分离。由此,解除第一制动片56A和第二制动片56B的压接。这样,驻车制动器5也被制动器解除螺栓59解除制动。
如以上那样,驻车制动器5是湿式多片制动器。驻车制动器5在桥壳1外与传动装置3邻接地配置,且其制动齿轮55与传动装置3的传递齿轮36啮合。根据该配置,容易从车体的侧方(左方或者右方)操作驻车制动器5。因此,容易进行制动片56A、56B、制动活塞57的密封件的更换等针对驻车制动器5的维护。在实施方式的车桥中,若与图4和图5的以往的车桥的制动器构造相比,则针对驻车制动器5的操作性和维护性优越情况显得更为明确。
另外,根据图4和图5的车桥,驻车制动器需要在左右两侧设置。与此相对,采用实施方式的车桥,驻车制动器5也可以为一个。由此,能够降低成本。
驻车制动器5是常闭式制动器。为了在紧急时刻牵引工业车辆,则必须通过制动器解除螺栓59解除驻车制动器5的制动。如上所述,由于易于从车体的侧方操作驻车制动器5,所以易于进行由制动器解除螺栓59进行的解除驻车制动器5的制动。
根据图4和图5的以往的车桥,在制动器构造上,需要在车桥轴60四周设置多个制动器解除螺栓。与此相对,在实施方式的车桥中,也可以仅是在驻车制动器5的中央设置一个制动器解除螺栓59。由此,紧急时刻的解除驻车制动器5的制动变得更加容易。
另外,在实施方式中,驻车制动器5与传动装置3的右侧邻接地设置,在将车桥设置于车体时位于从车体的中心轴线9向右方分离的位置。由此,容易进行从车体的右方向驻车制动器5的操作。此外,与实施方式不同,驻车制动器5也可以与传动装置3的左侧邻接地配置,在将车桥设置于车体时,驻车制动器5位于相对于车体的中心轴线9向左方偏离的位置。根据该构成,更加易于进行从车体的左方向驻车制动器5的操作。
驻车制动器5的配置仅通过使制动齿轮55与现有的传动装置3的传递齿轮36啮合即可实现,因此不需要复杂的构成。因此,能够减少部件件数,由此,成本降低。
在图4和图5的以往的车桥的制动器构成中,在驻车制动器和行车制动器中,都使用制动片74、75,因此发热量较多。因此,分别单独地使用制动器构造用的冷却油与差动装置用的冷却油。与此相对,在实施方式的车桥中,制动片56A、56B仅使用于驻车制动器5,因此发热量较少。因此,能够在驻车制动器5与差动装置2中共用冷却油。
也可以代替干式制动器,在行车制动器4使用湿式制动器。另外,分动器壳30与制动器壳50也可以一体地形成。
附图标记说明
1…桥壳;10…车桥轴;2…差动装置;3…传动装置;30…分动器壳;35…传递轴;36…传递齿轮;37…输出齿轮;4…行车制动器;5…驻车制动器;50…制动器壳;500…油室;54…制动轴;55…制动齿轮;57…制动活塞;58…弹簧;59…制动器解除螺栓;9…车体的中心轴线。
Claims (7)
1.一种工业车辆的车桥,
具备:桥壳;一对车桥轴,包括左车桥轴和右车桥轴,它们插通于所述桥壳内;差动装置,其设置于所述桥壳内,将由驱动源产生的动力分配至所述一对车桥轴;传动装置,其设置于所述桥壳外,将所述动力向所述差动装置传递;以及常闭式的驻车制动器,其在所述桥壳外,与所述传动装置邻接地设置,
所述传动装置具备:分动器壳;传递轴,其用于将所述动力向所述差动装置传递,被所述分动器壳支承为能够绕轴旋转;以及传递齿轮,其设置于所述传递轴,基于所述动力旋转,
所述驻车制动器具备:制动器壳,其形成有朝向与桥壳分离的方向的开口;制动轴,其被所述制动器壳支承为能够绕轴旋转;以及制动齿轮,其设置于所述制动轴,与所述传递齿轮啮合;所述开口被制动器盖覆盖,其特征在于,
所述驻车制动器还具备:多个第一制动片,它们设置于所述制动轴;和多个第二制动片,它们设置于所述制动器壳,
所述多个第一制动片和所述多个第二制动片配置为在所述制动轴的轴向上交替地排列,
所述驻车制动器还具备:
制动活塞,其配置为在所述制动器壳内,能在所述制动轴的轴向上与所述第一制动片和所述第二制动片接近或者与所述第一制动片和所述第二制动片分离,用于使所述第一制动片和所述第二制动片相互压接,和
弹簧,其设置于所述制动器壳内,配置于所述制动活塞与制动器盖之间,将所述制动活塞向所述第一制动片和第二制动片按压,
设有一个制动器解除螺栓,该制动器解除螺栓设于所述驻车制动器的中央,贯穿所述制动器盖,与所述制动活塞螺纹卡合,
所述制动活塞因制动器解除螺栓的旋转而克服所述弹簧的作用力,与第一制动片和第二制动片分离,解除所述第一制动片和所述第二制动片的压接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的工业车辆的车桥,其特征在于,
所述制动活塞因向所述制动器壳内的油室供给工作油而克服所述弹簧的作用力,与所述第一制动片和所述第二制动片分离,解除所述第一制动片和第二制动片的压接。
3.根据权利要求1所述的工业车辆的车桥,其特征在于,
所述驻车制动器与所述传动装置的右侧邻接地设置,在将所述车桥设置于所述工业车辆的车体时,所述驻车制动器位于相对于所述车体的中心轴线向右方偏离的位置。
4.根据权利要求1所述的工业车辆的车桥,其特征在于,
所述驻车制动器与所述传动装置的左侧邻接地设置,在将所述车桥设置于所述工业车辆的车体时,所述驻车制动器位于相对于所述车体的中心轴线向左方偏离的位置。
5.根据权利要求1所述的工业车辆的车桥,其特征在于,
具备配置于所述桥壳的左右两侧的行车制动器,
所述行车制动器是鼓式制动器。
6.根据权利要求1所述的工业车辆的车桥,其特征在于,
所述工业车辆是具备作为所述驱动源的发动机的叉车。
7.根据权利要求1所述的工业车辆的车桥,其特征在于,
所述车桥是设置于所述工业车辆的车体的前部的前桥。
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KR102017201B1 (ko) * | 2019-03-25 | 2019-09-02 | 금아파워텍주식회사 | 차량용 공용 브레이크 장치 |
CN110043586B (zh) * | 2019-04-28 | 2024-02-20 | 浙江金道科技股份有限公司 | 驱动桥及其输入总成 |
CN110043585B (zh) * | 2019-04-28 | 2024-02-20 | 浙江金道科技股份有限公司 | 一种湿式制动驱动桥 |
CN110332260B (zh) * | 2019-08-12 | 2021-09-24 | 湖北康晨安宝矿业设备有限责任公司 | 一种前桥行驻一体制动器 |
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JPH07208512A (ja) * | 1994-01-14 | 1995-08-11 | Kubota Corp | ネガティブブレーキ |
KR100435278B1 (ko) * | 2001-09-11 | 2004-06-11 | 한승우 | 휠트랜스미션 |
JP2003247573A (ja) | 2002-02-26 | 2003-09-05 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | 車両のブレーキ装置 |
JP4115163B2 (ja) | 2002-05-29 | 2008-07-09 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | 車両用湿式多板ブレーキ装置 |
KR100442475B1 (ko) * | 2004-01-15 | 2004-07-30 | 한승우 | 베벨기어부와 차동기어부 사이에 설치된 단순구조형트랜스미션 |
JP2005263140A (ja) * | 2004-03-22 | 2005-09-29 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | 車両用駆動装置 |
CN2760336Y (zh) * | 2004-10-28 | 2006-02-22 | 邓浩明 | 双功能驱动车桥 |
JP2006298273A (ja) * | 2005-04-22 | 2006-11-02 | Exedy Corp | 車両の駆動装置 |
US8276705B2 (en) * | 2006-03-29 | 2012-10-02 | Kubota Corporation | Wheel loader |
JP4758852B2 (ja) * | 2006-08-29 | 2011-08-31 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | ホイール回転装置のブレーキ構造 |
KR100771961B1 (ko) * | 2006-09-11 | 2007-11-01 | 우영유압주식회사 | 오르막 경사로 밀림방지용 단순구조 트랜스미션 내장형액슬장치 |
JP5063760B2 (ja) * | 2010-08-31 | 2012-10-31 | 株式会社小松製作所 | フォークリフト |
KR101089207B1 (ko) * | 2011-03-04 | 2011-12-05 | 주식회사 현대티엔에이 | 지게차 및 건설장비 차량용 주차제동장치 |
CN203793042U (zh) * | 2013-12-27 | 2014-08-27 | 陕西汉德车桥有限公司 | 一种高机动越野车用转向驱动车桥 |
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WO2016103399A1 (ja) | 2016-06-30 |
CN107002785A (zh) | 2017-08-01 |
US20170334411A1 (en) | 2017-11-23 |
US10106131B2 (en) | 2018-10-23 |
EP3239553A4 (en) | 2019-01-23 |
EP3239553A1 (en) | 2017-11-01 |
JP5946110B1 (ja) | 2016-07-05 |
EP3239553B1 (en) | 2019-09-04 |
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