CN107001164B - Gypsum fertilizer for blueberries and method for inhibiting fruit dropping of blueberries - Google Patents
Gypsum fertilizer for blueberries and method for inhibiting fruit dropping of blueberries Download PDFInfo
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- CN107001164B CN107001164B CN201580067728.9A CN201580067728A CN107001164B CN 107001164 B CN107001164 B CN 107001164B CN 201580067728 A CN201580067728 A CN 201580067728A CN 107001164 B CN107001164 B CN 107001164B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01F—COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
- C01F11/00—Compounds of calcium, strontium, or barium
- C01F11/46—Sulfates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B17/00—Other phosphatic fertilisers, e.g. soft rock phosphates, bone meal
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D3/00—Calcareous fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G1/00—Mixtures of fertilisers belonging individually to different subclasses of C05
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Abstract
The present invention aims to provide a gypsum fertilizer for blueberries and a method for suppressing blueberry fruit drop, which do not adversely affect the growth of blueberry fruits, can suppress blueberry fruit drop, increase the yield, do not require frequent recovery of dropped fruits, and can provide a practically significant effect, and the present invention is achieved by a gypsum fertilizer for blueberries and a method for suppressing blueberry fruit drop, wherein the gypsum fertilizer for blueberries is characterized by containing BSA having a specific surface area of 15000cm2Gypsum of less than/g as a main component; the method for inhibiting fruit drop of the blueberries is characterized in that a gypsum fertilizer for the blueberries is used.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a gypsum fertilizer for blueberries, which shows an inhibiting effect on the dropping of blueberries during fertilization, and a blueberry dropping inhibiting method using the gypsum fertilizer.
Background
Blueberries are small fruit trees of the genus Vaccinium of the family Ericaceae and have been consumed since ancient times. In particular, in the beginning of the 20 th century, many varieties were produced by variety improvement as fruit trees based on hybridization of highplex, conyeye, hemihighplex and dwarfing, and at present, hundreds of varieties were produced, and these were widely cultivated and eaten in temperate regions of the world. In recent years, the size of fruits has been increased in accordance with the demand. Blueberries are acidophilic and ammoniaphilic plants, and unlike other fruit trees, grow in acidic soil. Therefore, organic materials such as peat moss whose acidity is not corrected are generally used, and for example, high-clumpy plants are cultivated in strong-acid soil such as about pH4.3 to 4.8 and rabbit-eye plants are cultivated in strong-acid soil such as about pH4.2 to 5.3.
In general, five elements of fertilizer are required for cultivating plants, and calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) are added in addition to three elements of fertilizer, i.e., nitrogen (N), phosphoric acid (P), and potassium (K). In contrast, since blueberries grow in acidic soil as described above, the fertilizer used for blueberries is different from the above-described general fertilizer in the following points of view. For example, non-patent document 1 describes that "blueberry trees are excellent in growth in acid soil, and therefore Ca is not actually applied to a plantation, and Ca deficiency symptoms are hardly observed. On the other hand, when the Ca content in the soil is high, the pH of the soil is increased to cause Fe deficiency, or "the amount of alkali having poor solubility in acid soil, particularly, Ca and Mg required is small", the Ca component is not usually applied to the blueberry plantation.
Blueberries are highly resistant to high concentrations of aluminum (Al), iron (Fe), or manganese (Mn) dissolved out in acid soils, and prefer ammoniacal Nitrogen (NH) to be stably present in acid soils4-N). Thus, for blueberry, nitrogen (N) component is mixed with nitric Nitrogen (NO)3-N), typically fertilized in the form of ammoniacal nitrogen.
On the other hand, blueberry with a large number of fruits has a problem of fruit drop as an inevitable problem. Specifically, there are problems of so-called "physiological fruit drop" in which fruit drop occurs in an immature state in conjunction with the tree vigor self-control fruit count, further "natural fruit drop" in which the maturity is over advanced, and "fruit drop" in which mature fruit drops before harvesting due to the influence of wind or the like. In particular, the falling of ripe fruits not only causes a decrease in yield, but also causes the following new problems when the fruits are left in a fallen state. That is, since rotten fruit smells, pests such as fruit flies come close to trees, and there is a fear that eggs are laid on fruits before harvesting which have not fallen, and fruits on which eggs are laid cannot be harvested, the rotten fruit smells and the insects further cause a vicious circle such as reduction in the amount of harvested fruits. Therefore, it is necessary to avoid setting the peeled fruit and to recover it as soon as possible. In contrast, since the blueberry fruits are easily damaged, harvesting is performed by picking smaller fruits while confirming the maturity, and the harvesting requires a large amount of labor, and the above-described operations for collecting the dropped fruits and for handling the collected products must be frequently performed, which imposes a large burden on the producers. Particularly, the "natural fruit drop" of blueberries and the "fruit drop" of blueberries in which ripe fruits fall off before harvesting due to wind influence and the like are important problems directly related to the reduction of the yield. In addition, as described above, the recovery operation imposes excessive labor on the manufacturer, and the reduction in productivity caused thereby becomes a great problem.
The problem of fruit drop is not limited to blueberries. For example, in the case of apples and pears having a large size, it takes a long number of days until harvesting, and the influence of economic loss and the like due to falling-off of mature fruits before harvesting becomes larger. In order to cope with this problem, fruit drop preventives for apples and pears are sold and widely used. The fruit drop preventing agent used at this time is a plant hormone agent classified as a plant growth regulator. It is known that: plant growth regulators are generally used by diluting with water and spraying, but depending on the spraying conditions, the effects of pesticide effect and phytotoxicity are likely to occur, and the use thereof requires skill.
Documents of the prior art
Non-patent document
Non-patent document 1: basis of blueberry production (101-110, Yangxian Tang, 2008)
Disclosure of Invention
Problems to be solved by the invention
As described above, the problem of fruit drop in large fruits such as apples and pears requires skill for use, but measures using fruit drop inhibitors are taken. The fruit drop preventing agent can be applied to each fruit, and the effect thereof can be obtained. However, since the fruit drop preventing agent sold for use in larger fruits is expected to have a medicinal effect also on blueberries that are smaller fruits, it is not practical to apply the fruit drop preventing agent to blueberries from the viewpoint of the characteristics of the fruits as described below. That is, in recent years, it can be said that the fruit size is increasing, and in the case of blueberry, 5 to 10 fruits are produced from 1 inflorescence, and it takes 4 to 6 weeks until all fruits in the inflorescence are fully ripe. Thus, each inflorescence cannot be harvested together, and harvesting is performed in the order of maturity in turn. This means that, in the case of a fruit drop preventing agent, which is a plant hormone agent classified as a plant growth regulator, when the agent is scattered together for each inflorescence, a problem occurs. Therefore, in the present situation, the blueberry fruit drop is a solution that depends on efforts of a manufacturer, such as harvesting before blowing, collecting the dropped fruit as soon as possible, or performing a process that facilitates the collecting operation.
In addition, various studies have been made on "natural fruit drop" which is directly related to productivity and occurs due to excessive progress of maturity. For example, it was found that the timing of natural fruit drop varies depending on the variety, and attempts have been made to reduce the fruit drop rate by selecting a variety. However, in order to reduce the fruit drop rate and select a more suitable variety, it is not easy to consider not only the taste and climate of the cultivation site, but also the fruit drop rate of many varieties of blueberries.
The present inventors have recognized the following in such a background: it would be useful if the shedding of blueberry fruits could be suppressed by merely applying the solid fertilizer to the base of fruit trees without the need for a spreading operation accompanied by skill, and which is not a plant hormone agent classified as a plant growth regulator as used for a fruit-drop preventing agent for apples and pears having large fruits. That is, it would be extremely useful if a useful fertilizer could be developed which could effectively inhibit the dropping of blueberry fruits and which is suitable for blueberry fruits having the characteristics of the fruits. Specifically, there is no problem of complication in spreading the fruit drop preventing agent for apples or pears, and no problem of phytotoxicity which may occur when a plant hormone agent is used, and an increase in the yield can be achieved.
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide an excellent fertilizer that does not adversely affect the growth of blueberry fruits and can inhibit the dropping of blueberry fruits.
Means for solving the problems
The above object is achieved by the present invention described below. Namely, the invention provides a gypsum fertilizer for blueberries, which is characterized by containing BSA (bovine serum albumin) with the specific surface area of 15000cm2Gypsum of less than/g as a main component. The gypsum as a fertilizer is one designated as a special fertilizer by a fertilizer association method, and is referred to as "gypsum (limited to a substance by-produced in the production of phosphoric acid)". However, the gypsum capable of obtaining the significant effect of the present invention is not limited to the above-specified gypsum. That is, the gypsum constituting the gypsum fertilizer of the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned gypsum, and may include natural gypsum, other by-product gypsum, and the like.
Preferred embodiments of the present invention include the following embodiments. The BSA specific surface area was 8000cm2The ratio of the total carbon content to the total carbon content is below g; the BSA specific surface area was 5000cm2The ratio of the total carbon content to the total carbon content is below g; the BSA specific surface area was 1500cm2The ratio of the total carbon content to the total carbon content is below g; further containing a material containing at least 1 component selected from the group consisting of a nitrogen component, a phosphoric acid component, a potassium component, and an iron component; the phosphoric acid component is at least one selected from the group consisting of orthophosphoric acid, polyphosphoric acid, phosphorous acid and salts thereof1, preparing; a material containing at least 1 component selected from the group consisting of a nitrogen component, a phosphoric acid component, a potassium component and an iron component in a ratio of 0.1 to 20 parts by mass relative to 100 parts by mass of the gypsum; the gypsum is phosphogypsum; the gypsum is dihydrate gypsum.
The invention provides a blueberry fruit drop inhibition method as another embodiment, which is characterized in that any one of the above-mentioned methods for inhibiting blueberry fruit drop is applied to soil with a gypsum fertilizer.
ADVANTAGEOUS EFFECTS OF INVENTION
According to the present invention, an excellent gypsum fertilizer which does not adversely affect the growth of blueberry fruits and can suppress the dropping of blueberry fruits in any variety can be provided. According to the gypsum fertilizer of the present invention, which can provide the above excellent effects, the dropping of blueberry fruits can be suppressed, and not only the yield is increased, but also the amount of dropped fruits is reduced, so that the time and labor for recovering dropped fruits can be reduced.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to preferred embodiments. First, the warp and weft of the present invention will be described.
The present inventors have focused attention on finding an effective fertilizer component that can suppress blueberry fruit drop when using a fertilizer to suppress blueberry fruit drop, which is a problem of the prior art described above, and have conducted studies. In this case, for the following reason, "blueberry growth is excellent in acid soil as described above, and therefore, the amount of alkali having poor solubility in acid soil, particularly Ca and Mg, is small, and conversely, when the content of calcium (Ca) in soil is large, pH may be increased and iron deficiency may be caused. "the description thereof, particularly" the amount of … … Ca required for blueberry growth "is questionable.
That is, the present inventors paid attention to the fact that the amount of calcium (Ca) contained in 100g of blueberry fruit is about the same as that of phosphorus (P) (see the supplementary japanese food standard ingredient table). As described above, although it is considered that the amount of the calcium component is small in the blueberry cultivation, it is considered that the calcium (Ca) component is effectively applied in the same manner as the phosphorus (P) component when the amounts of the phosphorus (P) and the calcium (Ca) contained in the fruit are the same. However, in recent years, the size of the fruit has also become a cause, and it is considered that the calcium component contained in the whole tree is partially absorbed by the fruit part, and the shortage of the calcium component at the parts other than the fruit becomes one of the causes of fruit drop of blueberries, and various studies have been made.
Based on the above facts, the inventors of the present invention have established an assumption that a calcium component is indispensable in the growth of blueberries, and have conducted studies on a fertilizer containing a calcium component. As described above, blueberries are not preferable for use in lime fertilizers such as slaked lime because they are favorable for acidic soils (pH 4-5). Here, whether or not the effect of suppressing the fruit drop of blueberries is achieved by using a fertilizer containing gypsum, which is a neutral substance, as a main component is studied in detail. As a result, it was found that the use of a fertilizer containing gypsum as a main component tends to suppress the fruit drop of blueberries. However, as a result of further studies, it was found, among others: by applying a gypsum fertilizer containing gypsum in which the specific surface area of BSA is controlled to a certain value or less, the effect of suppressing blueberry drop can be more significant.
Namely, it is considered that: by applying a gypsum fertilizer containing gypsum, which is a neutral substance in which the specific surface area of BSA defined in the present invention is controlled to a certain value or less, to acidic soil, the activity of calcium (Ca) can be appropriately suppressed and calcium (Ca) can be absorbed well, and a state in which the calcium content is sufficient is obtained in any of the trees and fruits of blueberry, and as a result, fruit drop can be suppressed without adversely affecting the growth of the fruits. According to the study by the present inventors, the following configurations are more preferable. Specifically, the gypsum fertilizer may be constituted as follows: further contains at least 1 component selected from the group consisting of a nitrogen component, a phosphoric acid component, a potassium component and an iron component; more preferably, the material containing these components is contained in a proportion of 0.1 to 20 parts by mass relative to 100 parts by mass of gypsum. When the phosphoric acid component is contained, it is preferable to use a component selected from the group consisting of orthophosphoric acid, polyphosphoric acid, phosphorous acid and salts thereof. Among the plasters, phosphogypsum is preferably used. More preferably, dihydrate gypsum is used as the gypsum.
Hereinafter, materials constituting the gypsum fertilizer for blueberries of the present invention will be described in detail.
First, a fertilizer containing a calcium (Ca) component generally uses quick lime (calcium oxide), slaked lime (calcium hydroxide), or the like, but they exhibit strong basicity in soil. Therefore, when a fertilizer containing a calcium (Ca) component is used as a fertilizer for plants growing in acidic soil, it is necessary to use the fertilizer in a range where the pH of the soil does not increase, or to use a component showing acidity in the soil in combination. On the other hand, since gypsum is neutral in soil, it is preferable to add a calcium (Ca) component to blueberries growing in acid soil. However, in the past, the calcium component was not particularly required for blueberry cultivation, but rather, as described above, the required amount was considered to be low, and Ca was not actually required in a plantation, and Ca deficiency symptoms were hardly observed.
In view of the above situation, the present invention has found usability of gypsum fertilizer from a new viewpoint of suppressing blueberry fruit drop as described above. From the viewpoint of suppressing blueberry fruit drop, the following were found: in order to stably and reliably obtain the effect, it is necessary to contain BSA having a specific surface area of 15000cm2Gypsum fertilizer of gypsum below g. In addition, it was confirmed that it is useful to prepare a gypsum fertilizer containing the following gypsum: preferably, the BSA specific surface area is 8000cm2Gypsum of less than g, more preferably 5000cm2Gypsum of not more than 1500cm, more preferably2Gypsum less than g. The BSA specific surface area of the gypsum in the present invention is a value measured according to a specific surface area test based on the blaine air permeability method defined in JIS R5201 (physical test method for cement).
Here, the following can be said generally as the correlation between the respective nutrients of the plant. First, calcium tends to inhibit the absorption of nitrogen (N) and potassium (K), and an excessive amount of calcium may inhibit the absorption of a phosphoric acid (P) component and an iron (Fe) component. During the growth of the blueberries, nitrogen, phosphoric acid and potassium are important, and particularly, the growth of the blueberries is hindered when the iron (Fe) component is lacked. On the other hand, the gypsum fertilizer of the present invention contains calcium as a main component, but according to the study of the present inventors, when the gypsum fertilizer of the present invention is applied to blueberries, it is not confirmed that the growth of the blueberries is inhibited, and the present invention newly obtains the effect of suppressing the fruit drop of the target blueberries. By employing the above-described constitution in which the calcium component is fertilized with gypsum and the BSA specific surface area of gypsum is controlled to a certain value or less as defined in the present invention, it is possible to prevent inhibition of absorption of other nutrients by calcium as described above, and as a result, it is estimated that growth of blueberries is not inhibited, and a new effect of "suppression of fruit drop of blueberries" can be achieved.
As the type of gypsum constituting the blueberry gypsum fertilizer of the present invention, any conventionally known gypsum may be used, and phosphogypsum is preferably used. More preferably, dihydrate gypsum is preferably used. Dihydrate gypsum has low solubility and thus is less likely to cause excessive calcium, because there is no possibility of hindering root growth based on the strength manifestation of self-hardening.
In addition, the blueberry gypsum fertilizer of the present invention may contain gypsum as long as the gypsum satisfies the above BSA specific surface area, and the shape of the fertilizer may be used without any problem regardless of the shape. Therefore, the shape of the fertilizer application is not particularly limited, and for example, the fertilizer application is preferably performed in the form of powder, or in the form of granules or pellets prepared from the powder. Here, the powder is a substance having an average particle diameter of 200 μm or less. In the present specification, the "average particle diameter" refers to a volume average diameter (MV) measured using a particle size distribution measuring apparatus using a laser diffraction/scattering method. According to the studies of the present inventors, the gypsum contained in the blueberry gypsum fertilizer of the present invention can easily satisfy the BSA specific surface area specified in the present invention when the powder is made into granules or pellets. Therefore, the blueberry gypsum fertilizer of the present invention is preferably a product obtained by granulating a powder into granules or pellets. In particular, by forming the fertilizer into granules or pellets, the workability in the fertilization can be improved. Further, at the same time, since the granular material and the particulate material are easily disintegrated by moisture and rainfall in the soil after the application of the fertilizer, there is an advantage that the fertilizer can be applied in a good state by sufficiently dispersing the granular material and the particulate material in the soil. When the blueberry gypsum fertilizer of the present invention is prepared into granules or pellets, it can be easily obtained by, for example, the following operations: a swellable clay mineral such as gypsum or bentonite, and if necessary, an organic matter-containing granulation aid such as a lignosulfonate, are mixed and supplied to a granulator to granulate.
The gypsum fertilizer for blueberries of the present invention may further contain, as an additive, a material containing at least 1 component selected from the group consisting of a nitrogen (N) component, a phosphoric acid (P) component, a potassium (K) component, and an iron (Fe) component, in addition to the gypsum components described above. The amount of the additive is not particularly limited, and is preferably in the range of about 0.1 to 20 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of gypsum, for example.
In particular, the present inventors considered that, in the case where the amount of the phosphoric acid (P) component contained in the blueberry fruit is about the same as the amount of the calcium (Ca) component: in the gypsum fertilizer of the present invention, it is more preferable that the amounts of the calcium (Ca) component and the phosphorus (P) component in the gypsum fertilizer are balanced to be appropriate, and the calcium (Ca) component and the phosphorus (P) component are absorbed in a coordinated manner. As the phosphoric acid (P) component used in the present invention, polyphosphoric acid and phosphorous acid may be used in addition to orthophosphoric acid, and salts thereof may also be used.
When the gypsum fertilizer for blueberries of the present invention is used as a component and the potassium (K) component is used as the additive, the growth of blueberries is excellent in acid soil as described above, and therefore, the addition thereof needs to be carefully performed so as not to make the soil alkaline during fertilization. Therefore, when the potassium (K) component is contained in the blueberry gypsum fertilizer of the present invention, it is desirable to add the potassium (K) component together with the phosphorus (P) component. The potassium component is preferably potassium salt such as potassium sulfate and potassium chloride.
Further, since blueberries prefer nitrogen in the form of ammonia as described above, when the nitrogen (N) component is used as the additive, it is preferably contained in the form of ammonia, and may be an ammonium salt.
In addition, as described above, since the blueberry is inhibited from growing when it lacks an iron (Fe) component, it is particularly preferable to add the iron (Fe) component of the additive to the blueberry gypsum fertilizer of the present invention when the calcium (Ca) component is relatively excessive.
In addition, the amount of the gypsum fertilizer for blueberries applied is not particularly limited, since it varies depending on the variety, age, weather conditions and soil environment of the blueberries. For example, relative to the cultivation site 10a (1000 m)2) Preferably about 10 to 200 kg. The timing of application of the fertilizer is not particularly limited, since it varies depending on the type, age, weather and environment of the blueberry. However, in the present invention, it is preferable to apply fertilizer at least after flower-planting in order to prevent fruit drop.
The gypsum fertilizer for blueberries can also be combined with other compound fertilizers for use. The type of the compound fertilizer and the amount of the compound fertilizer to be applied are not particularly limited and are preferably used as appropriate, depending on the species, age of tree, weather conditions and soil conditions. Here, the fertilization of blueberries is generally carried out basically 4 times a year after and 3 years of planting, the first time is just before germination, then the additional fertilization is carried out twice at an interval of 6-7 weeks, and then the fruit is generally subjected to gift fertilization after being harvested. In addition, in the case of top dressing, generally about 20 to 25% of the amount of fertilizer applied per time in 1 year, and in the period of growing trees in which the fruit yield and quality are stable (6 to 8 years and later from the start of seedling planting), depending on the growth state, in the stage of top dressing, a compound fertilizer containing 8% of nitrogen (N), phosphoric acid (P) and potassium (K) is generally applied at a rate of 7 to 35kg/10a (1000 m) per time2) Left and right.
The gypsum fertilizer for blueberries of the present invention having the above-mentioned composition and effects is not limited to blueberries, and can be used for fruits and crops which are favorable for acid soil and cannot use lime fertilizers such as slaked lime. In addition, the present invention can be applied to fruits which have not been required much for calcium in the past, and can also be expected to have an effect of suppressing fruit drop without adversely affecting the growth of the fruits.
Examples
Examples and comparative examples for further specifically explaining the present invention are shown below. However, the present invention is not limited to these examples.
Examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples
When the blueberry trees were fertilized with the fertilizer, the blueberry fruit drop rate (%) was measured in the case of the example in which the gypsum fertilizer having the composition of the present invention was fertilized and the case of the comparative example in which the gypsum fertilizer was not fertilized, in addition to the compound fertilizer, and the superiority of the blueberry trees due to the application of the gypsum fertilizer of the present invention was confirmed. In addition, as the gypsum fertilizer, a fertilizer prepared by granulating a powder is used.
Specifically, the fruit drop rate was determined by measuring the number of fruit set and fruit drop per pot under the same conditions except that the fertilizer applied was changed to three blueberries (cultivar: EMERALD, southern highbush) that grew in the same state in each of the examples and comparative examples.
As the fertilizing amount and fertilizing method of the fertilizer, the fertilizer application is performed as described above. In addition to the usual compound fertilizers, fertilizers having the compositions shown in Table 1 were applied at a rate of 10a (1000 m) in examples 1 to 4 for the first additional fertilization2) The dihydrate gypsum of (1) was applied in a manner of 80 kg. Further, in these examples, phosphoric acid (orthophosphoric acid) was added so as to be 5% with respect to 100 parts by mass of the dihydrate gypsum. As the above-mentioned compound fertilizer, fertilizers containing 8% of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) respectively, in any case, at a rate of 10a (1000 m) per one time2) The fertilizer was applied at 25 kg. In comparative example, only a normal compound fertilizer was applied in the same amount as in example at the time of the 1 st additional application.
The fruit drop rate (%) in table 1 is a value obtained by the following procedure. The number of fruit set was counted for each of 3 pots in examples 1 to 4 and comparative example, and the average fruit set per 1 pot in examples 1 to 4 and comparative example was obtained. The number of fruit drops was counted every 1 day for each pot, and the operation was continued until the harvest was properly timed, and the cumulative number of fruit drops per pot was determined, and the average cumulative number of fruit drops per 1 pot in examples 1 to 4 and comparative example was determined. The percentage was calculated by multiplying the value obtained by dividing the average cumulative number of fruit drops per 1 pot by the average number of fruit set per 1 pot obtained as described above by 100, and is shown in table 1.
The BSA specific surface area of the gypsum used in the examples was measured by a specific surface area test based on the blaine air permeability method specified in JIS R5201 (physical test method for cement). As a specific measurement method, a sample cell (cell) having a known volume was filled with gypsum powder, the permeation time was measured while the air amount and the pressure difference were constant, and the specific surface area was measured by comparing with that of standard cement.
Table 1: compositions and evaluation results of fertilizers of examples and comparative examples
As shown in table 1, the following results were obtained: in examples 1 to 4 using a fertilizer in which the BSA specific surface area of gypsum in the gypsum fertilizer used together with the compound fertilizer was within the range specified in the present invention, the fruit drop rate was significantly smaller than that in the comparative example not using a gypsum fertilizer, and fruit drop could be suppressed. Wherein, the specific surface area for using BSA is 8000cm2In the case of examples 1 to 3, which were gypsum of a/g or less content, the fruit drop rate was half or less than that in the case of the compound fertilizer alone, and a higher fruit drop prevention effect was observed. In addition, the specific surface area for using BSA was 1500cm2In the case of example 1 in which the amount of gypsum was not more than g, it was confirmed that the percentage of fruit drop was 1/10, the burden on the producer could be greatly reduced, and the yield could be greatly increased, as compared with the case of only the compound fertilizer. In addition, in the case of comparative example in which the gypsum fertilizer containing the gypsum component specified in the present invention was not used as the fertilizer, the percentage of fruit drop was large although the number of fruit set was sufficient, and the yield was reduced as compared with examples 1 to 4. In addition, it was confirmed that: the blueberries harvested in examples 1-4 did not have any problem in terms of their growth, and were comparable to the blueberries harvested in the comparative examples.
Industrial applicability
As a practical example of the present invention, it is expected that: the blueberry harvesting machine can inhibit the blueberry fruits from falling off, not only can increase the harvesting amount, but also does not need to frequently recover the fallen fruits, can not damage the growth of the blueberries by using the blueberry harvesting machine, and can realize the practical remarkable effects of increasing the harvesting amount and reducing the labor of a producer. In addition, the technology of the invention is not limited to blueberries, and can also be expected to be suitable for other fruits and crops which are favorable for acid soil, cannot use lime fertilizers such as slaked lime and the like and need calcium (Ca) components.
Claims (14)
1. The application of the gypsum fertilizer in blueberry fruit drop inhibition is characterized in that the gypsum fertilizer contains BSA (bovine serum albumin) with the specific surface area of 15000cm2Gypsum of less than/g as a main component.
2. Use according to claim 1, wherein the BSA specific surface area is 8000cm2The ratio of the carbon atoms to the carbon atoms is less than g.
3. Use according to claim 1, wherein the BSA specific surface area is 5000cm2The ratio of the carbon atoms to the carbon atoms is less than g.
4. Use according to claim 1, wherein the BSA specific surface area is 1500cm2The ratio of the carbon atoms to the carbon atoms is less than g.
5. The use according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the gypsum fertilizer further contains a material comprising at least 1 component selected from the group consisting of a nitrogen component, a phosphoric acid component, a potassium component, and an iron component.
6. The use according to claim 5, wherein the phosphoric acid component is at least 1 selected from the group consisting of orthophosphoric acid, polyphosphoric acid, phosphorous acid and salts thereof.
7. The use according to claim 5, wherein the gypsum fertilizer contains a material containing at least 1 component selected from the group consisting of a nitrogen component, a phosphoric acid component, a potassium component and an iron component in a proportion of 0.1 to 20 parts by mass relative to 100 parts by mass of the gypsum.
8. The use according to claim 6, wherein the gypsum fertilizer contains a material containing at least 1 component selected from the group consisting of a nitrogen component, a phosphoric acid component, a potassium component and an iron component in a proportion of 0.1 to 20 parts by mass relative to 100 parts by mass of the gypsum.
9. Use according to any one of claims 1 to 4, 6 to 8, wherein the gypsum is phosphogypsum.
10. Use according to claim 5, wherein the gypsum is phosphogypsum.
11. The use according to any one of claims 1 to 4, 6 to 8, 10, wherein the gypsum is dihydrate gypsum.
12. Use according to claim 5, wherein the gypsum is dihydrate gypsum.
13. Use according to claim 9, wherein the gypsum is dihydrate gypsum.
14. A blueberry fruit drop inhibition method is a method for inhibiting blueberry fruit drop, and the gypsum fertilizer used in any one of claims 1-13 is applied to soil.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| JP2014265527 | 2014-12-26 | ||
| JP2014-265527 | 2014-12-26 | ||
| PCT/JP2015/085932 WO2016104560A1 (en) | 2014-12-26 | 2015-12-24 | Gypsum fertilizer for blueberries and method for suppressing blueberry abscission |
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| CN107001164A CN107001164A (en) | 2017-08-01 |
| CN107001164B true CN107001164B (en) | 2020-08-11 |
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| CN201580067728.9A Active CN107001164B (en) | 2014-12-26 | 2015-12-24 | Gypsum fertilizer for blueberries and method for inhibiting fruit dropping of blueberries |
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| US (1) | US20170297964A1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP3239118B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP6602316B2 (en) |
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| CN106916024A (en) * | 2017-05-08 | 2017-07-04 | 玉溪市鑫达现代农业发展有限公司 | A kind of fertilizer special for organic of blueberry |
| KR101925910B1 (en) * | 2018-06-25 | 2018-12-06 | 주식회사 삼농바이오텍 | Bed soil composition for rice seeding using byproduct phosphogypsum and serpentine |
| KR101925909B1 (en) * | 2018-06-25 | 2018-12-06 | 주식회사 삼농바이오텍 | Culture soil for growing blueberry and method for preparing thereof |
| CN113508670A (en) * | 2021-07-13 | 2021-10-19 | 济南科百数字农业技术有限公司 | Efficient cultivation method for protecting southern highbush blueberries |
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| JP3538258B2 (en) * | 1995-04-26 | 2004-06-14 | 吉野石膏株式会社 | Calcium foliar spray |
| US5917110A (en) * | 1996-10-18 | 1999-06-29 | Tetra Technologies, Inc. | Moisture-resistant calcium containing particles |
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| EP2793548A1 (en) * | 2011-12-23 | 2014-10-29 | Tropicana Products, Inc. | Container, soil blend, and method of growing plants |
| CN104098371A (en) * | 2013-04-09 | 2014-10-15 | 郭俊强 | Adsorbable slow-release gypsum fertilizer |
| JP2015012126A (en) * | 2013-06-28 | 2015-01-19 | ソニー株式会社 | Solid state image sensor and driving method, and electronic apparatus |
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2015
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- 2015-12-24 CA CA2969824A patent/CA2969824C/en active Active
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- 2015-12-24 ES ES15873128T patent/ES2864281T3/en active Active
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- 2015-12-24 US US15/518,143 patent/US20170297964A1/en not_active Abandoned
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- 2015-12-24 WO PCT/JP2015/085932 patent/WO2016104560A1/en active Application Filing
- 2015-12-24 EP EP15873128.1A patent/EP3239118B1/en active Active
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| PT3239118T (en) | 2021-04-15 |
| EP3239118A1 (en) | 2017-11-01 |
| EP3239118A4 (en) | 2018-07-25 |
| ES2864281T3 (en) | 2021-10-13 |
| KR102014619B1 (en) | 2019-08-26 |
| US20170297964A1 (en) | 2017-10-19 |
| EP3239118B1 (en) | 2021-03-31 |
| CA2969824A1 (en) | 2016-06-30 |
| JP6602316B2 (en) | 2019-11-06 |
| CN107001164A (en) | 2017-08-01 |
| PL3239118T3 (en) | 2021-10-11 |
| MX2017008484A (en) | 2017-09-19 |
| KR20170081670A (en) | 2017-07-12 |
| JPWO2016104560A1 (en) | 2017-11-02 |
| WO2016104560A1 (en) | 2016-06-30 |
| CA2969824C (en) | 2019-09-10 |
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