CN107000597A - 将充电线圈集成在距离传感器中的地方化 - Google Patents

将充电线圈集成在距离传感器中的地方化 Download PDF

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CN107000597A
CN107000597A CN201580048342.3A CN201580048342A CN107000597A CN 107000597 A CN107000597 A CN 107000597A CN 201580048342 A CN201580048342 A CN 201580048342A CN 107000597 A CN107000597 A CN 107000597A
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vehicle
sensor
magnetic field
transmit coil
coil
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CN107000597B (zh
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K.林克
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Continental Automotive Technologies GmbH
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Continental Teves AG and Co OHG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0007—Measures or means for preventing or attenuating collisions
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    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种传感器（60、64），用于在车辆（2）中输出与待获取的测量值相关的第一测量信号（40、62），包括：‑ 带有测量探测器（36、74）的传感器电路，用于基于所述测量值来生成所述第一测量信号（62、40），和‑ 磁场探头（30），用于输出与待获取的磁场（18）相关的第二测量信号（32）。

Description

将充电线圈集成在距离传感器中的地方化
本发明涉及一种根据权利要求1的前序部分的距离传感器。
由WO2010/037810A1所公开的是一种以用于输出电信号的传感器为形式的电子装置，它与一物理量相关，该物理量通过一种物理场基于测量探测器来获取。
文献WO2014/023595公开了一种带有多个接收器的车辆，所述接收器具有探测磁场矢量的能力。为了生成所述磁场矢量，相应的天线或者发送器被布置在充电装置的初级线圈处，该初级线圈生成了一种被定义的电磁场。以这种方式，能够获取车辆至所述充电装置的初级线圈的精准定位。
以此为出发点，本发明的任务是，改进所述已知的传感器。
所述任务通过独立权利要求的特征予以解决。优选的改型方案是从属权利要求的主题。
根据本发明的一方面，用于输出在车辆中与待获取的测量值相关的第一测量信号的传感器包括：
- 传感器电路，带有一种用于基于所述测量值来生成第一测量信号的测量探测器，和
- 磁场探头，用于输出与待获取的磁场相关的第二测量信号。
对于所给出的传感器来说，将下述构思作为基础：即电动车能够通过发送线圈充以电能，所述发送线圈利用磁场在所述车辆处的接收线圈中感应出充电电压，利用该充电电压那么就又能够对于在所述电动车中的电的储能器进行充电。对此，所述车辆、并且尤其是在所述车辆处的接收线圈必须精准地定位在所述发送线圈的上方，以便达到在电能的感应地传递时的最大效率。
为了精准地进行定位，可以使用在所述车辆上区域性地分配的磁场探头，所述磁场探头在车辆中的各个位置处获取所述发送线圈的磁场的级别。基于这种磁场的级别，于是能够例如通过三角测量来相互确定所述发送线圈和所述接收线圈的相对位置，并且通过运动来对于所述车辆进行相应的位置控制，使得所述接收线圈精准地定位在所述发送线圈的上方。
然而，对于三角测量来说，需要至少三个磁场探头，以便能够有意义地确定在发送线圈与接收线圈之间的相对位置，这又与相应需要的构造空间相关联。
如果所述发送线圈的磁场也能够定向地获取，那么为了所述发送线圈相对于所述车辆实现定位（Lokalisierung），两个磁场探头也是足够的。
在此，所给出的传感器把握住了下述构思：将所述磁场探头共同集成在已经存在的传感器中。以这种方式，所述已经存在的结构（例如传感器电路、信号处理电路、数据接口和壳体）能够共同地被使用，这在所述车辆中导致显著地减小了的空间需求。
原则上，可以在车辆中选择每个任意的已经存在的传感器作为已经存在的传感器。然而，优选的是，在此应当选择下述已经存在的传感器：所述已经存在的传感器以它们的结构多次出现在所述车辆中，因为它们必需在所述车辆中的不同的传感器位置处获取例如相同的测量值。作为这种已经存在的传感器提供的是例如距离传感器或者是车轮转速传感器。
在所给出的传感器的一种优选的改型方案中，所述传感器电路的测量探测器如此设置，使得一种至与所述车辆相间隔的障碍物的距离作为测量值被获取。在带有这种测量探测器的车辆中的已经存在的传感器被称为距离传感器，所述距离传感器相对于车轮转速传感器具有下述优点：它们能够在没有屏蔽板的情况下有效地运行。所述屏蔽板在所给出的传感器的框架内具有下述缺点：该屏蔽板也屏蔽所述发送线圈的磁场，并且因此至少不必要地使得确定在发送线圈与接收线圈之间的相对位置变得困难。
根据本发明的另一方面，用于将车辆（在该车辆中，将所给出的传感器中的至少两个、优选至少三个传感器布置在相互间隔的传感器位置处）定位在发送线圈（该发送线圈用于在车辆的接收线圈中感应出充电电压，以便利用磁场对于电的储能器进行充电）之上的方法包括下述步骤：
-利用每个布置在所述传感器位置处的传感器来对于每个传感器位置获取所述磁场的级别，
-基于在所述传感器位置处获取的磁场的级别来确定所述发送线圈至车辆的相对位置，和
-基于被确定的相对位置来运动车辆，直至所述车辆利用所述发送线圈定位在了所述接收线圈之上。
利用所给出的方法，所述车辆精准地对准在所述发送线圈之上，从而使得所述车辆的储能器能够以高效率进行充电。
在所给出的方法的、一种特别的改型方案中，所述发送线圈至所述车辆的相对位置基于在所述传感器位置处的磁场的、被获取的级别的三角测量来进行确定。
在所给出的方法的另一种改型方案中，为了使得所述车辆运动至所述发送线圈之上，所述车辆在基于相对位置所确定的路径上运动，其中，当在这个路径上运动时，所述车辆利用来自传感器电路的第一测量信号对于与在周围的障碍物的碰撞进行监视。以这种方式，可以在实施所给出的方法时，有意义地使用前文所述的传感器的两个测量探测器。
在另一种改型方案中，所给出的方法包括步骤：基于被称为GNSS的全球导航卫星***，将车辆定位在围绕所述发送线圈的区域中，直至所述磁场能够利用所述传感器来获取。以这种方式，首先能够在所述发送线圈附近进行所述车辆的粗略定位，其中，随后借助于握手得以使用用于精准地将所述车辆定位在所述发送线圈之上的、所给出的方法。所述GNSS在此可以直接使用，或者当然也可以在一种融合传感器（Fusionssensor）的框架内使用。
根据本发明的另一方面，所述任务借助于一种用于获取人员与车辆碰撞的压力传感器装置予以解决，该压力传感器装置具有：
- 泡沫衬垫，该泡沫衬垫布置在车辆的保险杠中，并且贴靠在所述保险杠的内壁上，
- 压力传感器，用于获取从外部作用在所述泡沫衬垫上的压力，
其中，所述压力传感器装置具有磁场探头，该磁场探头用于输出与待获取的磁场相关的测量信号。
有利的是，所述压力传感器装置借此进一步地构造：将所述磁探头集成在所述压力传感器中地构造。
根据本发明的另一方面，设置了控制装置，实施所给出方法中的一个方法。
在所给出的控制装置的一种改型方案中，所给出的装置具有存储器和处理器。在此，所给出的方法以计算机程序的形式存储在所述存储器中，并且，如果来自于所述存储器处的所述计算机程序被加载到了所述处理器中，所述处理器就被设置用于实施所述方法。
根据本发明的另一方面，当所述计算机程序在计算机或者所给出的装置中的一个装置上实施时，计算机程序包括程序编码措施，以便实施所给出的方法之一的所有步骤。
根据本发明的另一方面，计算机程序产品包括程序代码，该程序代码存储在计算机可读的数据载体上，并且当该程序代码在数据处理装置上实施时，该程序代码实施所给出的方法中的一个方法。
根据本发明的另一方面，车辆包括：
-支撑在车轮上的底盘，
-所给出的传感器中的至少三个传感器，例如距离传感器或者压力传感器，所述传感器布置在相互间隔的传感器位置处，和
-用于定位所述车辆的所给出的控制装置中的一个控制装置。
本发明的上文所描述的特性、特征和优点以及如何实现它们的方式和方法在与下文实施例的描述相联系的情况下变得更加清楚并且更加明白地可理解，所述实施例在与附图相联系的情况下进一步被阐述，其中，附图示出：
图1 停泊进带有发送线圈的停泊空位中的车辆的原理图，
图2 图1的车辆的原理图，
图3 在图2的车辆中的传感器的原理图，和
图4 在图2的车辆中的传感器的原理图。
在附图中，相同的技术元件配设以相同的附图标记并且仅描述一次。
参考图1，该图1示出了车辆2的原理图，该车辆应当在道路4上停泊进到在两个其他的车辆8、10之间的停泊空位6中。停泊的可能性在此通过相应的交通标志12表明。
所述车辆2下面实施为电动车，并且因此也如此称呼。在此，所述电动车2此外为了驱动而通过电的储能器14以一种仍待描述的方式来供给电能15。另外，在所述电动车2上存在接收线圈16，所述电动车2能够通过该接收线圈来接收磁场18，用于对所述电的储能器14进行充电，并且能够通过感应将其转换成电能15。
所述磁场18在当前的实施方式的框架内由发送线圈20放射，该发送线圈作为充电站22的部件存在于所述停泊空位6中。此外，所述充电站22在此包括一种操作终端24，使用者在该操作终端处能够进行输入，以便例如对于电的能量供给进行支付。所述操作终端24在此将电能15（利用该电能对于电的储能器14进行充电）施加在所述发送线圈20上，该发送线圈于是以本身已知的方式来激发所述磁场18，并且因此电能借由感应通过所述接收线圈16传递到在所述车辆2中的电的储能器14处。在此，电能15能够例如从电的能量供给网络26中取出，所述操作终端24可以连接在该电的能量供给网络上。
为了通过所述发送线圈20和所述接收线圈16以尽可能高的效率来传递电能15，所述接收线圈16应当尽可能精准地定位在所述发送线圈20的上方。
对此，在所述车辆2上，在当前实施方式的框架内，在四个不同的并且相互间隔的传感器位置28处存在磁场探头30。所述磁场探头30获取所述发送线圈20的磁场18，并且输出一种在图3和4中表明的磁场测量信号32，该磁场测量信号的级别与在每个传感器位置28处的磁场18的级别相关。因为对于所述每个传感器位置28，所述磁场18与到所述发送线圈20的距离相关地衰减，所以在所述传感器位置28处的所述磁场18的级别、并且因此所述相应的磁场测量信号32的级别与所述传感器位置28至所述发送线圈20的距离相关。如果由此所述磁场测量信号32在至少三个不同的磁场探头30处出现，那么就使得所述车辆2至所述发送线圈20的相对位置34、并且因此所述接收线圈16至所述发送线圈20的相对位置34得以确定。
通过在所述车辆上的合适的调节干预（例如驱动和转向），进而能够将这个相对位置34尽可能地带至零，并且因此使得所述接收线圈16精准地定位在所述发送线圈20之上。
在所述车辆2上，此外还存在距离测量探测器36，该距离测量探测器例如借助于雷达波束38输出与至障碍物（例如所述两个其他的车辆8、10）的距离相关的、并且在图4中表明的距离测量信号40。替代方案是，也可以考虑下述距离测量探测器36：该距离测量探测器利用超声波来获取所述距离。基于所述距离测量信号40，于是能够例如通过在所述车辆2处的制动干预来阻止与所述障碍物8、10的碰撞。在图1中为了清楚起见，在所述距离测量探测器36中，不是全部的距离测量探测器36都配设有附图标记。
所述磁场探头30必须在所述车辆中安装在各个传感器位置28处，并且在此需要相应的构造空间。为了减少所需要的构造空间，所述磁场探头30应当尽可能集成进在所述车辆2处的、已经存在的传感器中。
为了对其进行阐明，首先借助于图2进一步说明所述车辆2的构造。
所述车辆2具有支撑在四个车轮42上的底盘44，其中，每个车轮42是单独地通过电动马达46可驱动的。为了驱动而设置了马达控制器48，为了推进所述车辆2，该马达控制器能够基于加速要求50对所述电动马达46供给来自于所述电的储能器14的电能15。
在此，每个电动马达46能够单独地被供给电能15，以便例如利用一种本身已知的行驶动态来控制所述车辆2的行驶动态。
所述加速要求50能够来自于在所述车辆2中的、不同的单元——例如没有进一步示出的油门踏板。在当前实施方式的框架内，用于将所述车辆2自动停泊进到停泊空位6中的停泊辅助器52输出所述加速要求50。除了所述加速要求50之外，所述停泊辅助器52此外还输出转向角54，以便借此操控所述车辆2的转向器56。此外，所述停泊辅助器52还能够利用制动控制信号来干预进入到所述车辆2的没有进一步示出的制动器中。
所述停泊辅助器52原则上是指一个或者多个控制器，该一个/多个控制器能够将所述加速要求50、所述转向角54和上文提到的制动控制信号作为基于额定值/实际值比较（该比较正如示例性地在DE19809416A1中所描述的那样）的调节信号进行输出。
对此，传感器信号是必要的。所述传感器信号能够是例如来自于距离传感器60的距离传感器信号58，该距离传感器60生成与来自于所述距离测量探测器36的所述距离测量信号40相关的距离传感器信号58。另外，所述传感器信号也可以是来自于车轮转速传感器64的车轮转速信号62。如同在图2中示出的那样，有利地将所述磁探头30布置在所述车辆2的角区域处。对此，不仅所述确定的距离传感器60而且所述车轮转速传感器64也以特别有利的方式适合作为用于所述磁探头30的探测器。
所述磁场探头30不仅能够安装在所述距离传感器60中，而且也能够安装在所述车轮转速传感器64中。在所述两种情况中的优点是，所导致的总传感器能够始终以相同的方式进行构造，因为在所述车辆2中的不同的传感器位置28处的这些传感器类型获取相同的测量值。
根据图3，所述磁场探头30能够安装在所述车轮转速传感器64中，然而这由于下面阐述的原因不是优选的。
每个车轮转速传感器64基于一种自身伴随车轮42的转速而旋转的编码器轮66来获取车轮42的转速，该编码器轮在旋转的切向上利用磁性北极68和磁性南极70进行编码，并且由此激发一种相应的磁性的传感器场72。
为此，每个车轮转速传感器64包括壳体73，在该壳体中容纳了磁场敏感的转速测量探测器74，该转速测量探测器获取所述传感器场72，并且基于该传感器场输出一种与转速相关的转速传感器信号76。所述转速传感器信号76在信号处理电路34中被评价，其中，产生了所述车轮转速信号62，并且输出至接口80处。在所述壳体73中的屏蔽板82屏蔽所述车轮转速传感器64的电子部件免受来自外部的电磁影响。
所述磁场探头30能够直接地或者通过所述信号处理电路78间接地连接至所述接口80处，其中，所述接口80由所述车轮转速信号62和所述磁场测量信号32来生成一种共同的数据传递信号84，并且通过双线导线86传递至所述停泊辅助器52处。
然而，在这个实施例中，所述屏蔽板82不仅屏蔽电磁影响而且也屏蔽所述磁场18。因此，在所述转速传感器64中使用所述磁场探头30就正如已经指明的那样不是优选的。
在图4中示出的距离传感器60取决于其原理地不具有屏蔽板82，因此所述磁场在此不会被屏蔽。因此，所述磁场探头30应当利用在图3中阐明的原理安装在所述距离传感器60中。
特别有利的是，将所述磁场探头30安装在距离传感器中。以这种方式，一方面不需要分开的传感器来感知所述充电站22的位置。以这种方式，构造空间、附加的电导线以及装配花费能够被节省。除此之外，距离传感器提供一种特别大的优点，因为它们是安装在所述车辆的保险杠中的，它们通常来说由塑料制成，并且因此不会负面影响所述磁探头30的效果。当然，同样也可以考虑的是将所述磁探头30安装或者集成在压力传感器中。这种压力传感器同样位于车辆的保险杠中，并且用于感知保险杠与人员的接触。合适的是，将所述磁探头集成在这种压力传感器中。然而也能够考虑的是，将所述磁探头30分开地嵌入进其中也嵌入了所述压力传感器的泡沫材料中。这样的压力传感器1由申请人所开发和销售。
通常来说，在所述磁场探头30的周围应当没有金属，以便所述磁场18的传播在所述磁场探头30的区域中不被干扰。

Claims (12)

1.距离传感器（60、64），用于在车辆（2）中输出一种第一测量信号（40、62），该第一测量信号与到和所述车辆（2）相间隔的障碍物（8、10）的距离相关，包括：
- 带有距离测量探测器（36、74）的传感器电路，用于基于所述距离来生成第一距离测量信号（62、40），
其特征在于：
用于输出与待获取的磁场（18）相关的第二测量信号（32）的磁场探头（30）安装在所述距离传感器中。
2.根据权利要求1或2所述的距离传感器（60、64），包括壳体（73），在该壳体中共同容纳了所述传感器电路和所述磁场探头（30）。
3.根据权利要求3所述的距离传感器，其中，所述距离传感器的壳体由非磁性材料制成，尤其是不含金属的，尤其是由一种塑料或者多种塑料制成。
4.用于获取人员与车辆的碰撞的压力传感器装置，具有：
- 泡沫衬垫，该泡沫衬垫布置在车辆的保险杠中，并且贴靠在所述保险杠的内壁上，
- 至少一个压力传感器，用于获取从外部作用到所述泡沫衬垫上的压力，
其特征在于一种磁场探头（30），用于输出与待获取的磁场（18）相关的测量信号（32）。
5.根据权利要求5所述的压力传感器装置，其中，所述磁探头集成在所述压力传感器中地构造。
6.用于将车辆（2）定位在一种发送线圈（20）之上的方法，该发送线圈用来在所述车辆（2）的接收线圈（16）中感应出充电电压以便利用磁场（18）给电的储能器（14）进行充电，至少两个、优选至少三个根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的传感器（60、64）在该车辆中布置在相互间隔的传感器位置（28）处，包括：
- 利用每个布置在所述传感器位置（28）处的传感器（60、64）来对于每个传感器位置（28）获取所述磁场（18）的级别，
- 基于在所述传感器位置（28）处的磁场（18）的被获取的级别来确定所述发送线圈（20）至所述车辆（2）的相对位置（34），和
- 基于被确定的相对位置（34）来使所述车辆（2）运动，直至所述车辆（2）利用所述发送线圈（20）定位在所述接收线圈（16）之上。
7.根据权利要求4所述的方法，其中，基于在所述传感器位置（28）处的磁场（18）的被获取的级别的三角测量来确定所述发送线圈（20）至所述车辆（2）的相对位置（34）。
8.根据权利要求7或8所述的方法，其中，为了使得所述车辆（2）运动至所述发送线圈（20）之上，所述车辆（2）在基于所述相对位置（34）所确定的路径上运动，其中，当在这个路径上运动时，所述车辆（2）利用来自于所述传感器电路的第一测量信号（40）来对与在周围的障碍物（8、10）的碰撞进行监视。
9.根据权利要求7至9中任一项所述的方法，包括：
- 基于被称为GNSS的全球导航卫星***，将车辆（2）定位在所述发送线圈（20）周围的区域中，直至所述磁场（18）能够利用所述传感器（60、64）获取到。
10.控制装置（52），设置该控制装置来实施按照权利要求7至10中任一项所述的方法。
11.车辆（2），包括：
- 支撑在车轮（42）上的底盘（44），
- 至少三个根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的传感器，所述传感器布置在相互间隔的传感器位置（28）处，和
- 根据权利要求8所述的控制装置（52），用于对于所述车辆（2）进行定位。
12.车辆（2），其中，将传感器布置在所述车辆（2）的角区域处，尤其是在所述车辆（2）的保险杠的角区域中。
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