CN106993414A - Germination box and akebia trifoliata seedling propagation method - Google Patents
Germination box and akebia trifoliata seedling propagation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106993414A CN106993414A CN201710251947.3A CN201710251947A CN106993414A CN 106993414 A CN106993414 A CN 106993414A CN 201710251947 A CN201710251947 A CN 201710251947A CN 106993414 A CN106993414 A CN 106993414A
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- threeleaf akebia
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/02—Germinating apparatus; Determining germination capacity of seeds or the like
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/04—Processes of selection involving genotypic or phenotypic markers; Methods of using phenotypic markers for selection
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a germination box and a akebia trifoliata seedling breeding method, and relates to the technical field of plant seedling culture. The ventilation unit of the germination box provided by the invention is arranged in the box body and is communicated with the bottom wall, so that good ventilation and water seepage functions can be realized, and proper ventilation and humidity are provided for seed germination. The method for carrying out the akebia trifoliata seed germination treatment by using the germination box further improves the capabilities of ventilation, light shielding, heat preservation and moisture preservation of the germination matrix, has high seed germination rate, is simple and convenient to broadcast and fetch, has high seed germination and white exposure rate, saves manpower, and reduces the seed loss rate. The akebia trifoliata seedling propagation method provided by the invention is used for propagating seedlings by using seeds in fruits of a same-type multi-generation selfing orchard, and on the premise of ensuring relatively consistent descendant hereditary characters, the seedling propagation coefficient is large, the seedling supply capacity is strong, the seedling quality is high, the characters of descendant plants and fruits are relatively high, and the commodity of the fruits is good.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to botanical seedling culturing technical field, more particularly, to germinating box and threeleaf akebia sapling multiplication method.
Background technology
Threeleaf akebia (Akebia trifoliate (Thunb.) Koidz) chain timbers leads to a kind of Wild liana of section's Akebia
Fruit tree.Fallen leaves woody climber.Stem skin taupe, there is sparse hole skin and small wart point.Palmately compound leaf alternate is placed on small straw bundles to spin cocoons life in brachyplast；
Papery or papery, it is avette to wealthy avette, edge tool wave-formed mouth or shallow split.Raceme is extracted out from brachyplast fascicled leaves, top
There is the female flower of puce, lilac male flower is arranged at bottom.Its fruit popular name Fructus Akebiae, akebiae, fried melon.Fruit Long Circle, it is straight or
It is slightly curved, greyish white slightly lavender when ripe；Seed is most, flat avette, plants skin bronzing or dark brown.It has been investigated that, three leaves
Fiveleaf akebia root, stem, leaf, flower, really serve many purposes, edible, it is medicinal, process, view and admire, with higher economic value and exploitation
Value.
Three Ye Bentong fruit Fructus Akebiae also known as August are fried, are gained the name because of August, maturation ftractures.Fruit shape like banana, containing sugar,
Vitamin C and 12 kinds of amino acid, and the egg that people originally can not synthesize is by sour, different shell propylhomoserin, alanine, lysine etc..Fruit is
Berry, purple or brown, Long Circle, long 9cm, diameter 9cm, mean fruit weight 90g, the month in maturity period 9-10, taste sweet tea, giving off a strong fragrance, cunning
It is tender.Fruity is fragrant and sweet, is free of contamination pollution-free food, the title for having " native banana ".Wild resource enriches in bushes.For superior open country
Really, the project of focus development is now classified as by relevant department.Fructus Akebiae is bitter in taste, flat, there is dispersing stagnated hepatoqi, rattan and fruit
It is pharmaceutically acceptable, for sternal rib pain, the disease such as stomachache due to emotional depression and the hyperactive liver-qi attacking the stomach.Fructus Akebiae fresh fruit often is eaten, chest and abdomen breath can be made to adjust unimpeded reach.Due to eight
Month melon energy qi-regulating dissipating bind, in recent years for treating scrofula, breast cancer and Alimentary Tract Cancer.The plantation of its fruit (Fructus Akebiae)
Exploitation deploys in high gear in some areas, and the demand of threeleaf akebia seedling rises year by year, and supply falls short of demand.
The propagation method of threeleaf akebia has 4 kinds：Seminal propagation, underground layering breeding, root division, cutting propagation.(1) seed is numerous
Grow：In 9-10 month Fructus Akebiae fruit maturations, Fructus Akebiae fruit is taken, pulp is eaten, leaves the timely autumn sowing of seed.Seminal propagation
Simple and easy to apply, breeding coefficient is big, and the nursery stock result for breeding out late, can result after general 3 years.In view of upper character inheritance
Stability, does not support to use in production in theory.(2) underground layering is bred：Fructus Akebiae rattan rudiment power is strong, selects the raw branches and tendrils of 1-2
It is buried in the earth, can be taken root after 1 month, can be bred throughout the year, can be blossomed and beared fruit within the 2nd year after general field planting, but press strip
Operate floor space big, inconvenient operation, performance difficulty.(3) root division：Root division is carried out before early spring rudiment.One pocket
Many plants of Fructus Akebiae is divided into many plants with hand from root.In the case where not cutting branches and tendrils, current results are colonized then, point root and stem of certain plants breeding
Although can many plants an of pocket, breeding coefficient is smaller, is adapted only to build the stage at the beginning of germ plasm resource in situ conservation and maternal plant garden.(4) skewer
Insert breeding：Cuttage can be carried out throughout the year.For in theory, No. 2 complicated and confused cuttages of root-inducing powder leaching of ABT can be used, survival rate can
To bring up to 100%, the large-scale production suitable for high quality seedling is supplied.But because cuttage bar selects improper, season in production practices
Section and environment, which such as are difficult to control at the reason, causes the cuttage survival rate generally 50-90% of threeleaf akebia, and planting percent is 30-60%,
Amplitude of variation is big, and as a result repeatability is not strong.
Therefore, how under there is presently no the background for selecting threeleaf akebia good quality and high output new varieties, production is solved real
The contradiction that threeleaf akebia genetic stability produces supply in batches with high quality seedling is trampled, suitable threeleaf akebia germination is developed
Germinating box and high-quality threeleaf akebia sapling multiplication technology, also as the emphasis increasingly studied.
In view of this, it is special to propose the present invention.
The content of the invention
First purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of germinating box, can not realized with alleviating germinating box of the prior art
Internal ventilation and the technical problem of infiltration；
Second object of the present invention is to provide application of the above-mentioned germinating box in threeleaf akebia germination is handled；
Third object of the present invention is to provide the side that the above-mentioned germinating box of application carries out threeleaf akebia germination processing
Method, to alleviate in the prior art, the low technical problem of threeleaf akebia percentage of seedgermination；
Fourth object of the present invention is to provide a kind of threeleaf akebia sapling multiplication method, excellent in the prior art to alleviate
Matter seedling is difficult to the technical problem produced in batches.
A kind of germinating box that the present invention is provided, including：
Casing, is made up of bottom wall and side wall；
Ventilation unit, located at the box house, for ventilating and seeping water；
The ventilation unit includes：
The bottom wall ventilation water seepage hole on the bottom wall is arranged at, and is vertically arranged at the breather line of the box house,
The bottom of the breather line connects with the ventilation water seepage hole；
Pipeline ventilation water seepage hole is provided with the breather line.
Further, the side wall includes：
Two fixation walls being oppositely arranged and two removable walls being oppositely arranged, the removable wall are cut with scissors with the fixation wall
Connect, or the removable wall is hinged with the bottom wall.
Further, side wall ventilation water seepage hole is provided with the side wall.
Further, pipeline ventilation water seepage hole is provided with the breather line.
Present invention also offers application of the above-mentioned germinating box in threeleaf akebia germination is handled.
Present invention also offers the method that the above-mentioned germinating box of application carries out threeleaf akebia germination processing, including it is as follows
Step：
Step (a)：The first Germination textures are spread on the bottom wall；
Step (b)：The first non-woven fabrics is spread on first Germination textures；
Step (c)：Top-three Leaves akebi seed is sowed on first non-woven fabrics, threeleaf akebia Seed Layer is formed；
Step (d)：The second non-woven fabrics is covered in the threeleaf akebia Seed Layer；
Step (e)：The second Germination textures are covered on second non-woven fabrics；
Thus the sandwich of the double non-woven fabrics of Germination textures folder and double nonwoven cloth clamp seeds is obtained.
Further, the Germination textures include the component of following parts by weight：5-10 parts of Ou Boya sphagbum peats, perlite
1-3 parts, 0.5-2 parts of gardens haydite powder.
In addition, present invention also offers a kind of threeleaf akebia sapling multiplication method, including：
Classification plantation is carried out using Mature fruit color and shape as preliminary classification standard, 8-12 is built up for selfing orchard,
Classification harvesting Trilobed Caulis Akebiae fruit and the separation for carrying out seed, the seed isolated sink to seed soaking agent after draining processing
In, obtain the seed after seed soaking；By the above-mentioned threeleaf akebia germination processing of the seed application after the seed soaking
Method carry out vernalization, obtain sprouting the seed showed money or valuables one carries unintentionally；By the seed progress seeding in nursery bed sprouted and showed money or valuables one carries unintentionally, and seedbed is entered
Row management, until obtaining unearthed threeleaf akebia seedling；The threeleaf akebia seedling can be moved as needed after strong sprout
Plant, the threeleaf akebia sapling multiplication terminates.
Further, by Trilobed Caulis Akebiae fruit room temperature 15-20 days of harvesting, the threeleaf akebia seed is completed
After-ripening.
Further, the seed soaking agent includes the component of following parts by weight：8-12 parts of plant ash, 3-7 parts of land plaster, tealeaves
3-7 parts, 0.05-0.1 parts of methyl α-naphthyl acetate, 1-3 parts of bactericide, 70.9-84.95 parts of water.
Further, the specification of the seeding in nursery bed is seeding row spacing 8cm × 10cm.
The ventilation unit for the germinating box that the present invention is provided, is arranged at box house and is connected with bottom wall, can be played good
Good ventilation and water seepage function, appropriate ventilation and humidity are provided for germination.The germinating box that the present invention is provided carries out three
The method of leaf akebi germination processing, further increases Germination textures ventilation, opacus, insulation, the ability of moisturizing, seed hair
Bud rate 80-95%, percentage of seedgermination 5-10% is improved than wet sand bed area method, and sandwich sows seed with taking out sub-operations
Simplicity, manpower 15% is saved than wet sand bed area method, while reducing Losing seed rate 12%.The threeleaf akebia seedling that the present invention is provided
Propagation method, seedling is bred using the seed in the fruit of same type inbreeding of more generation orchard, is ensureing that descendant inheritting character is relative
On the premise of consistent, not only sapling multiplication coefficient is big, strong for seedling ability, and the property of seedling quality height, Progeny plants and fruit
Shape has higher uniformity, and the commodity of fruit is good.
Brief description of the drawings
, below will be to specific in order to illustrate more clearly of the specific embodiment of the invention or technical scheme of the prior art
The accompanying drawing used required in embodiment or description of the prior art is briefly described, it should be apparent that, in describing below
Accompanying drawing is some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, before creative work is not paid
Put, other accompanying drawings can also be obtained according to these accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is the overall schematic for the germinating box that the embodiment of the present invention 1 is provided；
Fig. 2 is the perspective view for the germinating box that the embodiment of the present invention 1 is provided；
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the germinating box that the embodiment of the present invention 1 is provided and laminated construction.
Icon：1- bottom walls；2- bottom walls ventilation water seepage hole；3- breather lines；4- fixation walls；5- removable walls；The wall ventilation of 6- sides
Water seepage hole；7- pipelines ventilation water seepage hole；The Germination textures of 81- first；The Germination textures of 82- second；The non-woven fabrics of 91- first；92- second
Non-woven fabrics；10- threeleaf akebia Seed Layers；11- mulch films；12- canopy films；The rotary shafts of 13- first；The rotary shafts of 14- second；15- the 3rd
Rotary shaft.
Embodiment
Technical scheme is clearly and completely described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, it is clear that described implementation
Example is a part of embodiment of the invention, rather than whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, ordinary skill
The every other embodiment that personnel are obtained under the premise of creative work is not made, belongs to the scope of protection of the invention.
In the description of the invention, it is necessary to which term " on ", " under ", " vertical ", " level ", " interior ", such as occurs in explanation
Deng, orientation or position relationship indicated by it be based on orientation shown in the drawings or position relationship, be for only for ease of description this
Invention and simplified description, rather than instruction or the signified device of hint or element must be with specific orientation, with specific square
Position construction and operation, therefore be not considered as limiting the invention.In addition, such as there is term " first ", " second ", " the 3rd "
It is only used for describing purpose, and it is not intended that indicating or implying relative importance.
The invention provides a kind of germinating box, including：
Casing, is made up of bottom wall 1 and side wall；
Ventilation unit, located at box house, for ventilating and seeping water；
Wherein, ventilation unit includes：
The bottom wall ventilation water seepage hole 2 on bottom wall 1 is arranged at, and is vertically arranged at the breather line 3 of box house, breather pipe
The bottom in road 3 connects with bottom wall ventilation water seepage hole 2；
Pipeline ventilation water seepage hole 7 is additionally provided with breather line 3.
In an embodiment of the invention, casing is plastic material, and the thickness of its bottom wall 1 and side wall for example can be with
For, but it is not limited to 8mm, 9mm, 10mm, 11mm or 12mm.In one preferred embodiment, the thickness of bottom wall 1 and side wall is
10mm。
Bottom wall ventilation water seepage hole 2 is to be uniformly arranged on two exhausting holes on bottom wall 1, and the quantity often arranged for example can be, but
It is not limited to 8,9,10,11 or 12.Its diameter for example can be, but be not limited to 8mm, 9mm, 10mm, 11mm or
12mm.In one preferred embodiment, often the quantity of row's bottom wall ventilation water seepage hole 2 is 10, a diameter of 10mm.
The length of breather line 3 is identical with the height of side wall, and diameter is identical with the diameter of bottom wall ventilation water seepage hole 2.
Pipeline ventilation water seepage hole 7 is uniformly distributed on breather line 3.
In the present invention, side wall includes：
Two fixation walls 4 being oppositely arranged and two removable walls 5 being oppositely arranged, removable wall 5 are hinged with fixation wall 4, or
Person's removable wall 5 is hinged with bottom wall 1.
In an embodiment of the invention, length × height of fixation wall 4 for example can be, but be not limited to 2000mm ×
200mm, length × height of removable wall 5 for example can be, but be not limited to 2000mm × 200mm, and the length of bottom wall 1 × wide for example can be with
For, but it is not limited to 2000mm × 1000mm.
Removable wall 5 is hinged with fixation wall 4 or bottom wall 1, can be realized in the case where not stirring germinating box internal matrix,
From section directly from seed Germinating status, more intuitively, and convenient operation, it is to avoid the germination environment of destruction seed.
Fixation wall 4 is provided with rotary shaft with one side that removable wall 5 connects, and removable wall 5, which is provided with, to be sheathed in rotary shaft
Axle sleeve；Or, fixation wall 4 is provided with hinge with one side that removable wall 5 connects, and removable wall 5 connects with the swing part of hinge.
Bottom wall 1 is provided with rotary shaft with one side that removable wall 5 connects, and removable wall 5, which is provided with, to be sheathed in rotary shaft
Axle sleeve；Or, bottom wall 1 is provided with hinge with one side that removable wall 5 connects, and removable wall 5 connects with the swing part of hinge.
In addition, the removable wall 5 of the present invention can also be divided into multiple movable parts, for example, can be, but be not limited to two, three
Or four.Exemplified by three, 5 points of first movable parts to be hinged respectively with fixation wall 4 or bottom wall 1 of removable wall, the second activity
Portion and the 3rd movable part.Wherein, the mode being hinged for example can be：Fixation wall 4 is provided with rotation with one side that removable wall 5 connects
The axle sleeve that can be sheathed in rotary shaft is respectively arranged with axle, the first movable part, the second movable part and the 3rd movable part；Or,
Bottom wall 1 is provided with the 3rd rotary shaft 15 with one side that removable wall 5 connects, and is equidistantly additionally provided with the horizontal direction mutually
The two ends of parallel the first rotary shaft 13 and the second rotary shaft 14, the first rotary shaft 13 and the second rotary shaft 14 are set with relative respectively
Two fixation walls 4 put connect, the first movable part, and first can be sheathed on by being respectively arranged with the second movable part and the 3rd movable part
Axle sleeve in rotary shaft 13, the second rotary shaft 14 and the 3rd rotary shaft 15.5 points of removable wall for respectively with fixation wall 4 or bottom wall 1
The first movable part being hinged, the second movable part and the 3rd movable part, can realize and not stir the situation of germinating box internal matrix
Under, from the section of required look-out station directly from relevant position seed Germinating status, more intuitively, and convenient operation,
Avoid damage to the germination environment of seed.
In the present invention, side wall ventilation water seepage hole 6 is provided with the wall of side.
Wherein, side wall ventilation water seepage hole 6 is evenly distributed on the wall of side, the distance between each side wall ventilation water seepage hole 6 example
It such as can be, but be not limited to 40mm, 45mm, 50mm, 55mm or 60mm, the diameter of side wall ventilation water seepage hole 6 for example can be, but
It is not limited to 3mm, 4mm, 5mm, 6mm or 7mm.In one preferred embodiment, between each side wall ventilation water seepage hole 6 away from
From for 50mm, side wall is ventilated a diameter of 5mm of water seepage hole 6.
The ventilation unit for the germinating box that the present invention is provided, is arranged at box house and is connected with bottom wall 1, can be played good
Good ventilation and water seepage function, appropriate ventilation and humidity are provided for germination.
In addition, the application present invention also offers above-mentioned germinating box in threeleaf akebia germination is handled.
In addition, present invention also offers the method that the above-mentioned germinating box of application carries out threeleaf akebia germination processing, bag
Include following steps：
Step (a)：The first Germination textures 81 are spread on bottom wall 1；
Step (b)：The first non-woven fabrics 91 is spread on the first Germination textures 81；
Step (c)：Top-three Leaves akebi seed is sowed on the first non-woven fabrics 91, threeleaf akebia Seed Layer 10 is formed；
Step (d)：The second non-woven fabrics 92 is covered in threeleaf akebia Seed Layer 10；
Step (e)：The second Germination textures 82 are covered on the second non-woven fabrics 92；
Thus the sandwich of the double non-woven fabrics of Germination textures folder and double nonwoven cloth clamp seeds is obtained.
Wherein, Germination textures include the component of following parts by weight：Ou Boya sphagbum peats for example can be, but be not limited to 5
Part, 6 parts, 7 parts, 8 parts, 9 parts or 10 parts, perlite for example can be, but be not limited to 1 part, 2 parts or 3 parts, and gardens haydite powder is for example
It can be, but be not limited to 0.5 part, 1 part or 2 parts.In one preferred embodiment, Ou Boya sphagbum peats are 7 parts, pearl
Rock is 2 parts, and gardens haydite powder is 1 part.
The Germination textures that the present invention is provided have the advantages that fertility is balanced, draining water conservation moisturizing again simultaneously of ventilating.
When carrying out the processing of threeleaf akebia germination, Germination textures are sprayed water and are well mixed to water content of substrate
80%, hand pinches agglomerating, and landing dissipates.
The thickness for the Germination textures laid for example can be, but be not limited to 40mm, 45mm, 50mm, 55mm or 60mm.
One preferred embodiment in, the thickness of the Germination textures laid is 50mm.
In the present invention, several above-mentioned sandwiches can be placed in germinating box to form laminated construction, wherein, interlayer
The quantity of structure for example can be, but be not limited to 1,2,3,4 or 5.Meanwhile, selected according to the quantity of sandwich
The quantity of movable part on removable wall 5, movable part one sandwich of correspondence, can realize the interlayer from required
The Germinating status of the seed of relevant position is directly observed in the section of structure, more intuitively, and convenient operation, it is to avoid the hair of destruction seed
Bud environment.In one preferred embodiment, the quantity of sandwich is 3, and the thickness for the Germination textures laid is
50mm.The threeleaf akebia seed about 1.5-2.5kg that three sandwiches are laid, 30000 or so.
The method that the germinating box that the present invention is provided carries out threeleaf akebia germination processing, further increases Germination textures
Ventilation, opacus, insulation, the ability of moisturizing, percentage of seedgermination 80-95% improve percentage of seedgermination 5-10% than wet sand bed area method,
And sandwich is sowed seeds and taken and plants easy to operate, and manpower 15% is saved than wet sand bed area method, while reducing Losing seed rate 12%.
In the case where chamber environment temperature is less than 15 DEG C, one layer is covered above the Germination textures of the superiors in germinating box
Mulch film 11, when temperature is still relatively low, is capped canopy film 12 in addition on mulch film 11.
In addition, present invention also offers a kind of threeleaf akebia sapling multiplication method, including：
Classification plantation is carried out using Mature fruit color and shape as preliminary classification standard, 8-12 is built up for selfing orchard.
1. seed collection
1.1 determine acquisition time：In the first tenday period of a month in late August to October, determine that fruit is adopted according to Trilobed Caulis Akebiae fruit mature characteristic
Pluck the time, ripe Trilobed Caulis Akebiae fruit feature：Fruit colour is deepened, from it is young tender when dark green (or light brown) be changed into aubergine
Or (dark brown), linea ventralis season crack is carried on the back along longitudinal direction, exposes the wherein melon pulp with seed.
1.2 picking fruit：Adopted by fruit colour (aubergine, dark brown) and fruit shapes (long waist shaped, shape of bending over) classification
Fruit is taken, and is spread under the open environment of natural sunshade and aeration-drying 15-20 days, makes the fruit of threeleaf akebia smoothly complete
Into its afterripening.
Classification plantation is carried out as preliminary classification standard using threeleaf akebia Mature fruit color and shape and builds up 8-12 generations certainly
Orchard is handed over, harvesting fruit obtains seed and carries out germination and nursery.There is presently no select threeleaf akebia good quality and high output
Under the background of new varieties, to solve the contradiction that threeleaf akebia genetic stability in production practices produces supply in batches with high quality seedling
There is provided effective approaches and methods.This method is under the premise of ensureing that descendant inheritting character is metastable, not only sapling multiplication
Coefficient is big, strong for seedling ability, and the character of seedling quality height, Progeny plants and fruit has higher uniformity, fruit
Commodity is good.
1.3 seeds are separated：Whne the longitudinal lineback of fruit split the melon pulp at place show wilting dehydration and volume-diminished when, by melon
Flesh band seed plucks out from pericarp, is put into nylon net bag, is crumpled and is rinsed with clear water by seed from melon pulp repeatedly with hand
Separate.
1.4 seed drainings：Seed in the nylon net bag separated is spread out, remove impurity therein, flat grain seed,
Damaged seed and mildew seed, then hang 1-3 days, the moisture of the surface of the seed are drained naturally.
2. seed treatment
2.1 seed soaking agents are prepared：Seed soaking agent includes the component of following parts by weight：Plant ash for example can be, but be not limited to 8
Part, 9 parts, 10 parts, 11 parts or 12 parts, land plaster for example can be, but be not limited to 3 parts, 4 parts, 5 parts, 6 parts or 7 parts, and tealeaves is for example
It can be, but be not limited to 3 parts, 4 parts, 5 parts, 6 parts or 7 parts, methyl α-naphthyl acetate (NAA) for example can be, but be not limited to 0.05 part,
0.075 part or 0.1 part, bactericide can reach source strain one to be green, and its number for example can be, but be not limited to 1 part, 2 parts or 3
Part, water for example can be, but be not limited to 70.9 parts, 77.925 parts, 82 parts or 84.95 parts.Adjust PH to 5.5-6.5.At one
In preferred embodiment, seed soaking agent includes 10 parts of the component plant ash of following parts by weight, 5 parts of land plaster, 5 parts of tealeaves,
It is NAA0.075 parts, green to reach 2 parts of source strain No. one, 77.925 parts of water.
2.2 seed soaking：Seed in the nylon net bag for accomplishing fluently label is sunk to in 15-25 DEG C of seed soaking agent the 12-24 that soaks seed small
When, clear water is hung 1-2 days after rinsing.
Wherein, the temperature of seed soaking agent for example can be, but be not limited to 15 DEG C, 20 DEG C or 25 DEG C；Seed soaking time for example can be with
For, but be not limited to 12 hours, 18 hours or 24 hours；The hanging time for example can be, but be not limited to 1 day or 2 days.
In the present invention, with 10 parts of plant ash, 5 parts of land plaster, 5 parts of tealeaves, NAA0.75 parts, 2 parts of bactericide, water
77.925 part (PH：It is 5.5-6.5) seed soaking agent, is soaked seed 12-24 hours under the conditions of 15-25 DEG C, past release threeleaf akebia
Plant obstacle dormancy of the skin to Seed sprouting to act on, pre-cooling seed is sprouted, and reduces bacterium infection, it is to avoid the hair of rotten kind of phenomenon
Raw, percentage of seedgermination 81-93% improves 14-21% than untreated seed.
The preparation of 2.3 above-mentioned Germination textures
2.4 germinating boxs are chosen.
2.5 Germination textures are laid with seed：Matrix, non-woven fabrics and seed are laid by three sandwiches.
2.6 vernalization are managed：Germinating box is placed in autumn, the greenhouse in 15-25 DEG C of winter, appropriate sunshade is to keep matrix
Water content.Moisturizing (average weekly) of watering is carried out when matrix, which shows to dry, turns white, watering to germinating box does not have
Water overflows.In the case where chamber environment temperature is less than 15 DEG C, one layer of mulch film is covered on germinating box the superiors Germination textures surface
11, when temperature is still relatively low, it is capped canopy film 12 in addition on mulch film 11.
2.7 dynamic observations：Vernalization 20-28 days, after 20 days every 2 days once, periodically open removable wall 5, sampling survey seed
Sprout the situation of showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally.When the Seed sprouting rate of showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally reaches 70% (radicle of small part seed substantially extracts kind of a skin out), beat
Removable wall 5 is opened, the second Germination textures 82 above the second non-woven fabrics 92 are removed, removes and has sprouted above the first non-woven fabrics 91
The dynamic seed showed money or valuables one carries unintentionally, carries out seeding in nursery bed, and the seed that shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally of not sprouting continues vernalization.
3. seedbed is arranged
3.1 seedbed selection of lands：Selection ventilation faces south, flat, the sandy loam that irrigation and drainage are convenient, fertility is better-than-average do seedbed.
3.2 site preparation and fertilization：Plowed soils 20-30cm, adds thin river sand 1000kg/667m2, rice hull carbon (rice chaff ash)
250kg/667m2, composite fertilizer 50kg/667m2, be sufficiently mixed it is uniform after whole broken rake.
Thin river sand 1000kg/667m is added in the sandy loam of seedbed2, rice hull carbon (rice chaff ash) 250kg/667m2, composite fertilizer
50kg/667m2, construction fertility is balanced, the loose ventilative, soil environment of draining, while having the function of insulation water conservation, is conducive to
Pricked under the germination of seed, radicle and cotyledon top soil is emerged；Seedbed mulch film, seedbed canopy film covering methods play insulation, improve and conserve soil moisture,
The effect for promoting germination to emerge.Emergence rate 81-89%, 10-15% is improved than native country seedbed emergence rate.
3.3 trench culture casees：Trench culture case is played in the direction of field where the seedbed, case wide 100-120cm, furrow width 30-40cm,
Ditch depth 10-15cm.
3.4 soil disinfection：Soil disinfection is carried out using formalin sterilization, every square metre of seedbed formalin is used
The 50ml 10kg that add water equably are sprayed at earth's surface, and then with covered rearing with plastic film, vexed 7-10 days (at least three fine day) takes covering off
Film, dissipates gas, just can be sowed after spending 2 days.
3.5 overlay films preserve soil moisture：If not arriving the time of sowing also, the seedbed by sterilization exposed can not be exposed to the sun and rain,
Continue overlay film soil moisture conservation (can also postpone sterilization and take off film, but still to take off film could be sowed after 2 days), during being conducive to seedbed
Seed and seedling grow and the neat seedling of strong sprout.
4. sowing
4.1 the sowing time：Presprouting of seeds completes that seeding in nursery bed can be carried out, and selection fine day or cloudy day are carried out.Early October
It is China Wuling mountain area suitable threeleaf akebia seed seedling-raising sowing time to mid-November, selection fine day or cloudy day sowing.
4.2 seeding method：Bunch planting line by line, per 1-3 seeds of bunch planting.
4.3 sowing specifications：Seeding row spacing 8cm × 10cm, per case 10-12 rows, ten thousand plants/667m of 5-82。
Seedbed uses light seeding (seeding row spacing 8cm × 10cm sowing specification) mode, meets threeleaf akebia seedling in seedbed
Cultivate 1-2 needs to growing space, different from transplanting season according to Orchard Construction target, can provide annual or biennial
Seedling, the proper extension seedbed nurturing period, to 2 years, meets demand of the different plantations to seedling, than native country dense planting (seeding row spacing 5cm
× 5cm sowing specification, 1 year seedbed phase) seedbed utilization rate raising 50%.
The shallow lid of 4.4 hillings：A line lid a line is finished, while next line has been drawn, hilling shallow-layer cladding thickness 1.5-2.5cm.
4.5, which water, drops kind：Per case after the completion of sowing, hilling, in case face, upper soll layer waters in right amount, makes hilling and seed heavy
Landing is real, and to ensure seed, hanging, hilling does not flake.
4.6 overlay films are incubated：1-2 hour after the completion of watering, because soil permeability absorbs and natural evaporation, seedbed case face soil
Do not seen on earth it is obvious water vestige when, seedbed mulch film is covered on case face, seedbed mulch film surrounding soil compaction is to prevent quilt
Blow away, play a part of insulation, improve and conserve soil moisture, promote germination and emerge.
5. seedbed management
5.1 insulation：Low temperature (temperature<5 DEG C) add seedbed canopy film, high temperature (canopy temperature on the mulch film of seedbed>35 DEG C) when take off seedbed
Mulch film, maintains nursery soil temperature in the range of 15-28 DEG C, it is ensured that seed normally germinates.
5.2 water conservation：Excessive rain particularly heavy rain weather will dredge case ditch water discharge in time, it is ensured that case face soil not ponding；It is fine long
Carry out seedbed during particularly intense light irradiation dry weather morning 9-10 to water, it is ensured that case face soil not water shortage, seed, seedling not dehydration
To maintain normal growth and development.
5.3 weeding：While overlay film is taken off film and watered, observing the weeds in seedbed, a situation arises, manually weeds out the rank grass, subtracts in time
Few concealment of the weeds to seedling and the competition to fertilizer, keep seedbed clean and tidy.
5.4 topdress：Because nursery soil base fertilizer is more sufficient, seedbed early stage need not apply fertilizer.Entered in time according to seedling growth
In the ranks seedling, restraining the growth of seedlings, promoting root growth management, impose in appropriate growth period and carry seed manure and strong sprout strengthening root fertilizer.Strong sprout rate 66-83%, than this
Native seedbed strong sprout rate improves 16-20%.
5.5 seedling are managed and protected：After coming up, seedbed mulch film is thrown off, when growing into 5-8 piece leaves, seedbed canopy film is thrown off, together
Shi Jinhang thinnings, pull out sick seedling, weak seedling, insect pest damage seedling, seedbed density is maintained ten thousand plants/667m of 5-82, by a length gone out
The good seedling replanting of gesture is in prepared empty seedbed, and seedbed, which is imposed, carries seed manure, and amount of application is 0.2-0.5% urea liquid
30-50kg/667m2.Mid-June to early July keeps the seedbed appropriateness arid effect to reach restraining the growth of seedlings promoting root growth in 7-10 days；Work as children
When seedling grows into 10-15 piece leaves, the two lateral centres with spade from seedbed in the ranks are chamfer with 45° angle to cut off seedlings root master
Root, to promote its lateral root germination and growth, seedbed imposes strong sprout strengthening root fertilizer, and amount of application is 0.2-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate
15-20kg/667m2, to promote strong sprout strengthening root.After September, stop fertilising, strong sprout is suitably trimmed, wipe out unnecessary point
Branch, every plant retains 1 stem and 2 branches.
6. a transplantation of seedlings
6.1 one year seedling：After the strong sprout phase, the 10-12 months can play transplantation of seedlings at any time.
6.2 biennial seedlings：(the 3rd year) plays transplantation of seedlings in good time after being cultivated 1 year in seedbed again.
In order to contribute to the clearer understanding present invention, traveling one is entered to technical scheme with reference to embodiment
Step ground explanation.
Embodiment 1
Classification plantation (dark brown bend over shape type) is carried out using Mature fruit color and shape as preliminary classification standard, is built
Into 10 generations selfing orchard.In late August, harvesting fruit colour is deepened, from it is young tender when it is light brown be changed into dark brown, along longitudinal direction
Linea ventralis season crack is carried on the back, exposes the ripe Trilobed Caulis Akebiae fruit of the wherein melon pulp with seed.Fruit is spread in natural sunshade
Lower 17 days with the open environment of aeration-drying, the fruit of threeleaf akebia is allowed to smoothly complete its afterripening.
Whne the longitudinal lineback of fruit split the melon pulp at place show wilting dehydration and volume-diminished when, by melon pulp band seed from fruit
Pluck out and in skin, be put into nylon net bag, crumpled and rinsed with clear water repeatedly with hand and separate seed from melon pulp.It will divide
The seed separated out in the nylon net bag come is spread out, removes impurity therein, flat grain seed, damaged seed and mildew seed, then
Hanging 2 days, drains the moisture of the surface of the seed naturally.
Seed soaking agent is configured by the component of following parts by weight：10 parts of plant ash, 5 parts of land plaster, 5 parts of tealeaves, methyl α-naphthyl acetate (NAA)
It is 0.075 part, green to reach 2 parts of source strain No. one, 77.925 parts of water.Adjust PH to 6.
Seed in the nylon net bag for accomplishing fluently label is sunk in 20 DEG C of seed soaking agent and soaked seed 18 hours, clear water is hung after rinsing
Hang 1 day.
Bastem matter is configured by the component of following parts by weight：7 parts of Ou Boya sphagbum peats, 2 parts of perlite, gardens haydite powder 1
Part.Germination textures are sprayed water and are well mixed to water content of substrate 80%, reach that hand pinches agglomerating, the state that landing dissipates.
Germinating box is selected, as depicted in figs. 1 and 2, length × a height of 2000mm of the fixation wall 4 of selected germinating box ×
200mm, length × a height of 2000mm × 200mm of removable wall 5, length × a width of 2000mm × 1000mm of bottom wall 1, and the thickness of each wall
Spend for 10mm, composition casing.Bottom wall ventilation water seepage hole 2 is two exhausting holes being uniformly arranged on bottom wall 1, often arranges bottom wall ventilation and oozes
The quantity in water hole 2 is 10, a diameter of 10mm.Breather line 3 is vertically arranged at box house, and length is 200mm, a diameter of
10mm, pipeline ventilation water seepage hole 7 is uniformly distributed on breather line 3.One side that bottom wall 1 connects with removable wall 5 is provided with the 3rd
Rotary shaft 15, and equidistantly it is additionally provided with the first rotary shaft 13 and the second rotary shaft 14 being parallel to each other in the horizontal direction,
The two ends of first rotary shaft 13 and the second rotary shaft 14 connect with two fixation walls 4 being oppositely arranged respectively, the first movable part, the
The first rotary shaft 13 can be sheathed on by being respectively arranged with two movable parts and the 3rd movable part, the second rotary shaft 14 and the 3rd rotary shaft
Axle sleeve on 15.Side wall ventilation water seepage hole 6 is evenly distributed on the wall of side, and the distance between each side wall ventilation water seepage hole 6 is
50mm, a diameter of 5mm of side wall ventilation water seepage hole 6.
The lay of seed is carried out in accordance with the following steps：
Step (a)：The first Germination textures 81 are spread on bottom wall 1；
Step (b)：The first non-woven fabrics 91 is spread on the first Germination textures 81；
Step (c)：Top-three Leaves akebi seed is sowed on the first non-woven fabrics 91, threeleaf akebia Seed Layer 10 is formed；
Step (d)：The second non-woven fabrics 92 is covered in threeleaf akebia Seed Layer 10；
Step (e)：The second Germination textures 82 are covered on the second non-woven fabrics 92；
Thus the sandwich of the double non-woven fabrics of Germination textures folder and double nonwoven cloth clamp seeds is obtained.
As shown in figure 3, laying 3 above-mentioned sandwiches, the germination laid in the germinating box that the present embodiment is provided
The thickness of matrix is 50mm.The threeleaf akebia seed about 1.5-2.5kg that three sandwiches are laid, 30000 or so.
Germinating box is placed in autumn, 20 DEG C of greenhouse of winter, appropriate sunshade is to keep water content of substrate.When matrix table
Reveal to dry and moisturizing (average weekly) of watering is carried out when turning white, watering to germinating box does not have water spilling.In greenhouse ring
Border temperature is less than in the case of 15 DEG C, covers one layer of mulch film 11 on germinating box the superiors Germination textures surface, temperature is still relatively low
When, it is capped canopy film 12 in addition on mulch film 11.
After vernalization 24 days, 20 days every 2 days once, periodically open removable wall 5, sampling survey Seed sprouting shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally situation.When
When the Seed sprouting rate of showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally reaches 70% (radicle of small part seed substantially extracts kind of a skin out), removable wall 5 is opened, by second
The second Germination textures 82 above non-woven fabrics 92 are removed, and the seed sprouted and showed money or valuables one carries unintentionally is removed above the first non-woven fabrics 91, is entered
Row seeding in nursery bed, the seed that shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally of not sprouting continues vernalization.
Selection ventilation faces south, flat, the sandy loam that irrigation and drainage are convenient, fertility is better-than-average do seedbed.
Plowed soils 25cm, adds thin river sand 1000kg/667m2, rice hull carbon (rice chaff ash) 250kg/667m2, composite fertilizer
50kg/667m2, be sufficiently mixed it is uniform after whole broken rake.
Trench culture case, case wide 110cm, furrow width 35cm, ditch depth 12cm are played along the direction of field where seedbed.
Soil disinfection is carried out using formalin sterilization, every square metre of seedbed the 10kg that added water with formalin 50mL it is equal
Earth's surface is sprayed at evenly, and then with covered rearing with plastic film, vexed 8 days (at least three fine day) takes cover film off, distributes gas
Fall, just can be sowed after spending 2 days.
Presprouting of seeds completes that seeding in nursery bed can be carried out, and early October is the suitable threeleaf akebia seed in China Wuling mountain area
Seeding and growing seedling phase, selection fine day sowing.
Bunch planting line by line, per 2 seeds of bunch planting.Seeding row spacing 8cm × 10cm, per the row of case 11,60,000 plants/667m2.Finish a line
Lid a line, while next line has been drawn, hilling shallow-layer cladding thickness 2cm.Per case after the completion of sowing, hilling, in case face upper soll layer
Water in right amount, allow hilling and seed to settle and implement, hanging, hilling does not flake to ensure seed.It is 1.5 small after the completion of watering
When, because soil permeability absorbs and natural evaporation, do not see on the soil of seedbed case face it is obvious water vestige when, in case face overlying
Lid seedbed mulch film, seedbed mulch film surrounding soil compaction to prevent being blown away, play insulation, improve and conserve soil moisture, promote germination and
The effect emerged.
Low temperature (temperature<5 DEG C) add seedbed canopy film, high temperature (canopy temperature on the mulch film of seedbed>35 DEG C) when take off seedbed mulch film, maintain
Nursery soil temperature is in the range of 15-28 DEG C, it is ensured that seed normally germinates.
Excessive rain particularly heavy rain weather will dredge case ditch water discharge in time, it is ensured that case face soil not ponding；It is fine long particularly strong
Carry out seedbed during illumination dry weather morning 9-10 to water, it is ensured that case face soil not water shortage, seed, seedling not dehydration are to maintain just
It is frequently grown development.While overlay film is taken off film and watered, observing the weeds in seedbed, a situation arises, manually weeds out the rank grass, reduces miscellaneous in time
The careless concealment to seedling and the competition to fertilizer, keep seedbed clean and tidy.
Because nursery soil base fertilizer is more sufficient, seedbed early stage need not apply fertilizer.Carry out thinning, crouching in time according to seedling growth
Seedling, promoting root growth management, impose in appropriate growth period and carry seed manure and strong sprout strengthening root fertilizer.
After coming up, seedbed mulch film is thrown off, when growing into 6 leaves, seedbed canopy film is thrown off, while carrying out thinning, pulled out
Except sick seedling, weak seedling, insect pest damage seedling, seedbed density is set to maintain 60,000 plants/667m2, by a seedling replanting grown fine gone out
In prepared empty seedbed, seed manure is carried while imposing, amount of application is 0.3% urea liquid 40kg/667m2.Mid-June keeps
The seedbed appropriateness arid effect to reach restraining the growth of seedlings promoting root growth in 8 days；When growth of seedling is to 12 leaves, with spade from seedbed in the ranks two
With 45° angle beveling to cut off seedlings root main root in the middle of lateral, to promote its lateral root germination and growth, while imposing strong sprout strengthening root
Fertilizer, amount of application is 0.25% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 17kg/667m2, to promote strong sprout strengthening root.After September, stop fertilising,
Strong sprout is suitably trimmed, unnecessary branch is wiped out, every plant retains 1 stem and 2 branches.
One year seedling：After the strong sprout phase, November can play transplantation of seedlings.
Embodiment 2
Classification plantation (aubergine bend over shape type) is carried out using Mature fruit color and shape as preliminary classification standard, is built
Into 8 generations selfing orchard.In mid-September, harvesting fruit colour is deepened, from it is young tender when dark green be changed into aubergine, along longitudinal back of the body
Linea ventralis season crack, exposes the ripe Trilobed Caulis Akebiae fruit of the wherein melon pulp with seed.Fruit is spread in natural sunshade and
Lower 15 days of the open environment of aeration-drying, allows the fruit of threeleaf akebia to smoothly complete its afterripening.
Whne the longitudinal lineback of fruit split the melon pulp at place show wilting dehydration and volume-diminished when, by melon pulp band seed from fruit
Pluck out and in skin, be put into nylon net bag, crumpled and rinsed with clear water repeatedly with hand and separate seed from melon pulp.It will divide
The seed separated out in the nylon net bag come is spread out, removes impurity therein, flat grain seed, damaged seed and mildew seed, then
Hanging 1 day, drains the moisture of the surface of the seed naturally.
Seed soaking agent is configured by the component of following parts by weight：8 parts of plant ash, 3 parts of land plaster, 3 parts of tealeaves, methyl α-naphthyl acetate (NAA)
It is 0.05 part, green to reach 1 part of source strain No. one, 70.9 parts of water.Adjust PH to 5.5.
Seed in the nylon net bag for accomplishing fluently label is sunk in 15 DEG C of seed soaking agent and soaked seed 12 hours, clear water is hung after rinsing
Hang 1 day.
Bastem matter is configured by the component of following parts by weight：5 parts of Ou Boya sphagbum peats, 1 part of perlite, gardens haydite powder
0.5 part.Germination textures are sprayed water and are well mixed to water content of substrate 80%, reach that hand pinches agglomerating, the state that landing dissipates.
The step of selecting the germinating box of the offer of the embodiment of the present invention 1, and provided according to the embodiment of the present invention 1 carries out seed
Lay：
1 above-mentioned sandwich, the thickness for the Germination textures laid are laid in the germinating box that the present embodiment is provided
For 40mm.The threeleaf akebia seed about 1.5-2.5kg that three sandwiches are laid, 30000 or so.
Germinating box is placed in autumn, 15 DEG C of greenhouse of winter, appropriate sunshade is to keep water content of substrate.When matrix table
Reveal to dry and moisturizing (average weekly) of watering is carried out when turning white, watering to germinating box does not have water spilling.In greenhouse ring
Border temperature is less than in the case of 15 DEG C, covers one layer of mulch film 11 on germinating box the superiors Germination textures surface, temperature is still relatively low
When, it is capped canopy film 12 in addition on mulch film 11.
After vernalization 20 days, 20 days every 2 days once, periodically open removable wall 5, sampling survey Seed sprouting shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally situation.When
When the Seed sprouting rate of showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally reaches 70% (radicle of small part seed substantially extracts kind of a skin out), removable wall 5 is opened, by second
The second Germination textures 82 above non-woven fabrics 92 are removed, and the seed sprouted and showed money or valuables one carries unintentionally is removed above the first non-woven fabrics 91, is entered
Row seeding in nursery bed, the seed that shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally of not sprouting continues vernalization.
Selection ventilation faces south, flat, the sandy loam that irrigation and drainage are convenient, fertility is better-than-average do seedbed.
Plowed soils 20cm, adds thin river sand 1000kg/667m2, rice hull carbon (rice chaff ash) 250kg/667m2, composite fertilizer
50kg/667m2, be sufficiently mixed it is uniform after whole broken rake.
Trench culture case, case wide 100cm, furrow width 30cm, ditch depth 10cm are played along the direction of field where seedbed.
Soil disinfection is carried out using formalin sterilization, every square metre of seedbed the 10kg that added water with formalin 50mL it is equal
Earth's surface is sprayed at evenly, and then with covered rearing with plastic film, vexed 7 days (at least three fine day) takes cover film off, distributes gas
Fall, just can be sowed after spending 2 days.
Presprouting of seeds completes that seeding in nursery bed can be carried out, and late October is the suitable threeleaf akebia seed in China Wuling mountain area
Seeding and growing seedling phase, selection fine day sowing.
Bunch planting line by line, per 1 seed of bunch planting.Seeding row spacing 8cm × 10cm, per the row of case 10,50,000 plants/667m2.Finish a line
Lid a line, while next line has been drawn, hilling shallow-layer cladding thickness 1.5cm.Per case after the completion of sowing, hilling, in case face soil table
Layer waters in right amount, allows hilling and seed to settle and implements, and to ensure seed, hanging, hilling does not flake.It is 1 small after the completion of watering
When, because soil permeability absorbs and natural evaporation, do not see on the soil of seedbed case face it is obvious water vestige when, in case face overlying
Lid seedbed mulch film, seedbed mulch film surrounding soil compaction to prevent being blown away, play insulation, improve and conserve soil moisture, promote germination and
The effect emerged.
Low temperature (temperature<5 DEG C) add seedbed canopy film, high temperature (canopy temperature on the mulch film of seedbed>35 DEG C) when take off seedbed mulch film, maintain
Nursery soil temperature is in the range of 15-28 DEG C, it is ensured that seed normally germinates.
Excessive rain particularly heavy rain weather will dredge case ditch water discharge in time, it is ensured that case face soil not ponding；It is fine long particularly strong
Carry out seedbed during illumination dry weather morning 9-10 to water, it is ensured that case face soil not water shortage, seed, seedling not dehydration are to maintain just
It is frequently grown development.While overlay film is taken off film and watered, observing the weeds in seedbed, a situation arises, manually weeds out the rank grass, reduces miscellaneous in time
The careless concealment to seedling and the competition to fertilizer, keep seedbed clean and tidy.
Because nursery soil base fertilizer is more sufficient, seedbed early stage need not apply fertilizer.Carry out thinning, crouching in time according to seedling growth
Seedling, promoting root growth management, impose in appropriate growth period and carry seed manure and strong sprout strengthening root fertilizer.
After coming up, seedbed mulch film is thrown off, when growing into 5 leaves, seedbed canopy film is thrown off, while carrying out thinning, pulled out
Except sick seedling, weak seedling, insect pest damage seedling, seedbed density is set to maintain 50,000 plants/667m2, by a seedling replanting grown fine gone out
In prepared empty seedbed, seed manure is carried while imposing, amount of application is 0.3% urea liquid 30kg/667m2.Late June keeps
The seedbed appropriateness arid effect to reach restraining the growth of seedlings promoting root growth in 7 days；When growth of seedling is to 10 leaves, with spade from seedbed in the ranks two
With 45° angle beveling to cut off seedlings root main root in the middle of lateral, to promote its lateral root germination and growth, while imposing strong sprout strengthening root
Fertilizer, amount of application is 0.25% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 15kg/667m2, to promote strong sprout strengthening root.After September, stop fertilising,
Strong sprout is suitably trimmed, unnecessary branch is wiped out, every plant retains 1 stem and 2 branches.
One year seedling：After the strong sprout phase, October can play transplantation of seedlings
Embodiment 3
Classification plantation (aubergine long waist shaped type) is carried out using Mature fruit color and shape as preliminary classification standard, is built
Into 12 generations selfing orchard.In the first tenday period of a month in October, harvesting fruit colour is deepened, from it is young tender when dark green be changed into aubergine, along longitudinal direction
Linea ventralis season crack is carried on the back, exposes the ripe Trilobed Caulis Akebiae fruit of the wherein melon pulp with seed.Fruit is spread in natural sunshade
Lower 20 days with the open environment of aeration-drying, the fruit of threeleaf akebia is allowed to smoothly complete its afterripening.
Whne the longitudinal lineback of fruit split the melon pulp at place show wilting dehydration and volume-diminished when, by melon pulp band seed from fruit
Pluck out and in skin, be put into nylon net bag, crumpled and rinsed with clear water repeatedly with hand and separate seed from melon pulp.It will divide
The seed separated out in the nylon net bag come is spread out, removes impurity therein, flat grain seed, damaged seed and mildew seed, then
Hanging 3 days, drains the moisture of the surface of the seed naturally.
Seed soaking agent is configured by the component of following parts by weight：12 parts of plant ash, 7 parts of land plaster, 7 parts of tealeaves, methyl α-naphthyl acetate (NAA)
It is 0.1 part, green to reach 3 parts of source strain No. one, 84.95 parts of water.Adjust PH to 6.5.
Seed in the nylon net bag for accomplishing fluently label is sunk in 25 DEG C of seed soaking agent and soaked seed 24 hours, clear water is hung after rinsing
Hang 2 days.
Bastem matter is configured by the component of following parts by weight：10 parts of Ou Boya sphagbum peats, 3 parts of perlite, gardens haydite powder 1
Part.Germination textures are sprayed water and are well mixed to water content of substrate 80%, reach that hand pinches agglomerating, the state that landing dissipates.
The step of selecting the germinating box of the offer of the embodiment of the present invention 1, and provided according to the embodiment of the present invention 1 carries out seed
Lay：
1 above-mentioned sandwich, the thickness for the Germination textures laid are laid in the germinating box that the present embodiment is provided
For 60mm.The threeleaf akebia seed about 1.5-2.5kg that three sandwiches are laid, 30000 or so.
Germinating box is placed in autumn, 25 DEG C of greenhouse of winter, appropriate sunshade is to keep water content of substrate.When matrix table
Reveal to dry and moisturizing (average weekly) of watering is carried out when turning white, watering to germinating box does not have water spilling.In greenhouse ring
Border temperature is less than in the case of 15 DEG C, covers one layer of mulch film 11 on germinating box the superiors Germination textures surface, temperature is still relatively low
When, it is capped canopy film 12 in addition on mulch film 11.
After vernalization 28 days, 20 days every 2 days once, periodically open removable wall 5, sampling survey Seed sprouting shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally situation.When
When the Seed sprouting rate of showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally reaches 70% (radicle of small part seed substantially extracts kind of a skin out), removable wall 5 is opened, by second
The second Germination textures 82 above non-woven fabrics 92 are removed, and the seed sprouted and showed money or valuables one carries unintentionally is removed above the first non-woven fabrics 91, is entered
Row seeding in nursery bed, the seed that shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally of not sprouting continues vernalization.
Selection ventilation faces south, flat, the sandy loam that irrigation and drainage are convenient, fertility is better-than-average do seedbed.
Plowed soils 30cm, adds thin river sand 1000kg/667m2, rice hull carbon (rice chaff ash) 250kg/667m2, composite fertilizer
50kg/667m2, be sufficiently mixed it is uniform after whole broken rake.
Trench culture case, case wide 120cm, furrow width 40cm, ditch depth 15cm are played along the direction of field where seedbed.
Soil disinfection is carried out using formalin sterilization, every square metre of seedbed the 10kg that added water with formalin 50mL it is equal
Earth's surface is sprayed at evenly, and then with covered rearing with plastic film, vexed 10 days (at least three fine day) takes cover film off, distributes gas
Fall, just can be sowed after spending 2 days.
Presprouting of seeds completes that seeding in nursery bed can be carried out, and mid-November is the suitable threeleaf akebia seed in China Wuling mountain area
Seeding and growing seedling phase, selection fine day sowing.
Bunch planting line by line, per 3 seeds of bunch planting.Seeding row spacing 8cm × 10cm, per the row of case 12,80,000 plants/667m2.Finish a line
Lid a line, while next line has been drawn, hilling shallow-layer cladding thickness 2.5cm.Per case after the completion of sowing, hilling, in case face soil table
Layer waters in right amount, allows hilling and seed to settle and implements, and to ensure seed, hanging, hilling does not flake.It is 2 small after the completion of watering
When, because soil permeability absorbs and natural evaporation, do not see on the soil of seedbed case face it is obvious water vestige when, in case face overlying
Lid seedbed mulch film, seedbed mulch film surrounding soil compaction to prevent being blown away, play insulation, improve and conserve soil moisture, promote germination and
The effect emerged.
Low temperature (temperature<5 DEG C) add seedbed canopy film, high temperature (canopy temperature on the mulch film of seedbed>35 DEG C) when take off seedbed mulch film, maintain
Nursery soil temperature is in the range of 15-28 DEG C, it is ensured that seed normally germinates.
Excessive rain particularly heavy rain weather will dredge case ditch water discharge in time, it is ensured that case face soil not ponding；It is fine long particularly strong
Carry out seedbed during illumination dry weather morning 9-10 to water, it is ensured that case face soil not water shortage, seed, seedling not dehydration are to maintain just
It is frequently grown development.While overlay film is taken off film and watered, observing the weeds in seedbed, a situation arises, manually weeds out the rank grass, reduces miscellaneous in time
The careless concealment to seedling and the competition to fertilizer, keep seedbed clean and tidy.
Because nursery soil base fertilizer is more sufficient, seedbed early stage need not apply fertilizer.Carry out thinning, crouching in time according to seedling growth
Seedling, promoting root growth management, impose in appropriate growth period and carry seed manure and strong sprout strengthening root fertilizer.
After coming up, seedbed mulch film is thrown off, when growing into 8 leaves, seedbed canopy film is thrown off, while carrying out thinning, pulled out
Except sick seedling, weak seedling, insect pest damage seedling, seedbed density is set to maintain 80,000 plants/667m2, by a seedling replanting grown fine gone out
In prepared empty seedbed, seed manure is carried while imposing, amount of application is 0.3% urea liquid 50kg/667m2.Mid-June keeps
The seedbed appropriateness arid effect to reach restraining the growth of seedlings promoting root growth in 10 days；When growth of seedling is to 15 leaves, with spade from seedbed in the ranks
Two lateral centres are chamfer to cut off seedlings root main root with 45° angle, to promote its lateral root germination and growth, while imposing strong sprout strengthening root
Fertilizer, amount of application is 0.25% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 20kg/667m2, to promote strong sprout strengthening root.After September, stop fertilising,
Strong sprout is suitably trimmed, unnecessary branch is wiped out, every plant retains 1 stem and 2 branches.
Biennial seedling：(the 3rd year) plays transplantation of seedlings in good time after being cultivated 1 year in seedbed again.
Comparative example 1
Tradition application threeleaf akebia seed seedling-raising method：
Seed soaking agent is configured by the component of following parts by weight：10 parts of tealeaves, 10 parts of plant ash, 80 parts of water are soaked seed 24 hours, warp
Wet sand lamination carries out vernalization, after threeleaf akebia Seed sprouting shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, and carries out seeding in nursery bed.
In order to further illustrate beneficial effects of the present invention, the threeleaf akebia seed provided embodiment 1-3 and comparative example 1
Indices detected that testing result is as shown in table 1.
The indices (%) of the threeleaf akebia seed of table 1
From These parameters as can be seen that compared with prior art, the threeleaf akebia sapling multiplication method that the present invention is provided without
By in the rate of showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally, germination percentage, or emergence rate, strong sprout rate have significant rise in the utilization rate of seedbed, meanwhile, loss late
Substantially reduce.Also, traditional threeleaf akebia sapling multiplication method seed just need to gradually germinate after 26~35 days, germinating time compared with
It is long, vernalization is carried out using wet sand lamination, inconvenient operation, it is more difficult to carry out Temperature and Humidity Control is time-consuming to take a lot of work.
In summary, the germinating box that provides of the present invention can play good ventilation and water seepage function, be that germination carries
Appropriate ventilation and humidity are supplied.The method that the germinating box that the present invention is provided carries out threeleaf akebia germination processing, further
Germination textures ventilation, opacus, insulation, the ability of moisturizing are improved, percentage of seedgermination 80-95% is improved than wet sand bed area method and planted
Sub- germination percentage 5-10%, and sandwich sows seed with taking out sub-operations simplicity, and manpower 15% is saved than wet sand bed area method,
Losing seed rate 12% is reduced simultaneously.The threeleaf akebia sapling multiplication method that the present invention is provided, utilizes same type inbreeding of more generation fruit
Seed in the fruit of garden breeds seedling, on the premise of ensure that descendant inheritting character is relatively uniform, not only sapling multiplication coefficient
Greatly, it is strong for seedling ability, and the character of seedling quality height, Progeny plants and fruit has higher uniformity, the commodity of fruit
Property is good.
Finally it should be noted that：Various embodiments above is merely illustrative of the technical solution of the present invention, rather than its limitations；To the greatest extent
The present invention is described in detail with reference to foregoing embodiments for pipe, it will be understood by those within the art that：Its according to
The technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments can so be modified, or which part or all technical characteristic are entered
Row equivalent substitution；And these modifications or replacement, the essence of appropriate technical solution is departed from various embodiments of the present invention technology
The scope of scheme.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of germinating box, it is characterised in that the germinating box includes：
Casing, is made up of bottom wall (1) and side wall；
Ventilation unit, is arranged at the box house, for ventilating and seeping water；
The ventilation unit includes：
The bottom wall ventilation water seepage hole (2) on the bottom wall (1) is arranged at, and is vertically arranged at the breather line of the box house
(3), the bottom of the breather line (3) connects with bottom wall ventilation water seepage hole (2)；
Pipeline ventilation water seepage hole (7) is provided with the breather line (3).
2. germinating box according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the side wall includes：
Two fixation walls (4) being oppositely arranged and two removable walls (5) being oppositely arranged, the removable wall (5) and the fixation
Wall (4) is hinged, or the removable wall (5) is hinged with the bottom wall (1).
3. germinating box according to claim 1, it is characterised in that side wall ventilation water seepage hole (6) is provided with the side wall.
4. application of the germinating box in threeleaf akebia germination is handled as described in claim any one of 1-3.
5. the method that the germinating box described in application claim any one of 1-3 carries out threeleaf akebia germination processing, its feature
It is, comprises the following steps：
Step (a)：The first Germination textures (81) are spread on the bottom wall (1)；
Step (b)：The first non-woven fabrics (91) is spread on first Germination textures (81)；
Step (c)：Top-three Leaves akebi seed is sowed on first non-woven fabrics (91), threeleaf akebia Seed Layer (10) is formed；
Step (d)：The second non-woven fabrics (92) is covered on the threeleaf akebia Seed Layer (10)；
Step (e)：The second Germination textures (82) are covered on second non-woven fabrics (92)；
Thus the sandwich of the double non-woven fabrics of Germination textures folder and double nonwoven cloth clamp seeds is obtained.
6. method according to claim 5, it is characterised in that the Germination textures include the component of following parts by weight：Europe
Vigorous 5-10 parts of the sphagbum peat in Asia, 1-3 parts of perlite, 0.5-2 parts of gardens haydite powder.
7. a kind of threeleaf akebia sapling multiplication method, it is characterised in that including：
Classification plantation is carried out using Mature fruit color and shape as preliminary classification standard, 8-12 is built up for selfing orchard, classification
Harvesting Trilobed Caulis Akebiae fruit and the separation for carrying out seed, the seed isolated are sunk in seed soaking agent after draining processing, are obtained
Seed after to seed soaking；By the threeleaf akebia seed hair described in the seed application claim 5 or 6 after the seed soaking
The method of bud processing carries out vernalization, and obtain sprouting the seed showed money or valuables one carries unintentionally；The seed that shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally of sprouting is subjected to seeding in nursery bed, and it is right
Seedbed is managed, until obtaining unearthed threeleaf akebia seedling；The threeleaf akebia seedling can enter as needed after strong sprout
Row is transplanted, and the threeleaf akebia sapling multiplication terminates.
8. threeleaf akebia sapling multiplication method according to claim 7, it is characterised in that by the threeleaf akebia of harvesting
Fruit room temperature 15-20 days, completes the after-ripening of the threeleaf akebia seed.
9. threeleaf akebia sapling multiplication method according to claim 8, it is characterised in that the seed soaking agent includes following heavy
Measure the component of part：8-12 parts of plant ash, 3-7 parts of land plaster, 3-7 parts of tealeaves, 0.05-0.1 parts of methyl α-naphthyl acetate, 1-3 parts of bactericide, water
70.9-84.95 parts.
10. threeleaf akebia sapling multiplication method according to claim 9, it is characterised in that the specification of the seeding in nursery bed
For seeding row spacing 8cm × 10cm.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109588184A (en) * | 2018-11-29 | 2019-04-09 | 青川县农村产业技术服务中心 | A kind of threeleaf akebia harvesting high-quality high-yield cultural method |
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| CN109588184A (en) * | 2018-11-29 | 2019-04-09 | 青川县农村产业技术服务中心 | A kind of threeleaf akebia harvesting high-quality high-yield cultural method |
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| CN106993414B (en) | 2020-07-31 |
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