CN106987838A - Remove the laser cladding apparatus and method of laser cladding layer stomata/field trash - Google Patents
Remove the laser cladding apparatus and method of laser cladding layer stomata/field trash Download PDFInfo
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- 238000004372 laser cladding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 178
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- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
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- 241001330002 Bambuseae Species 0.000 claims description 6
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
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- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
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- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000976 Electrical steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
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- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- TVEXGJYMHHTVKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-en-7-one Chemical compound C1C2C(=O)OC1C=CC2 TVEXGJYMHHTVKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/34—Laser welding for purposes other than joining
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to Materialbearbeitung mit Laserlicht technical field, specifically related to a kind of laser cladding apparatus for removing laser cladding layer stomata/field trash, it includes workbench, the laser cladding powder sending device being arranged in front of workbench and the laser Compound Machining head above workbench, laser Compound Machining head includes electrode, induction coil, laser light conducting cylinder, magnet, work magnetic pole I and work magnetic pole II, magnet is that action of alternating magnetic field is provided between work magnetic pole I and work magnetic pole II in the surface of workpiece, laser cladding powder sending device is that workpiece surface adds laser cladding of material, laser output laser beam carries out laser melting coating in workpiece surface.The invention also discloses a kind of laser cladding method for removing laser cladding layer stomata/field trash.The present invention can reduce stomata and non-metallic inclusion in aluminium alloy laser cladding layer, significantly improve the quality of laser cladding layer, with important application value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of laser material processing, and particularly relates to a laser cladding device and a method for removing pores/inclusions of a laser cladding layer.
Background
The air holes in the laser cladding layer are common defects, have great influence on the quality of the cladding layer, and have more causes of generating the air holes, for example, when the coating material is preset by adopting a bonding method, if the binder is not properly selected, the laser cladding air holes are easily generated. Even in the case of automatic powder feeding, voids in the cladding layer are likely to occur in laser cladding of high-carbon alloys, copper alloys, aluminum alloys, and the like.
At present, there are two methods for avoiding pores of laser cladding layer, the first is self-fluxing alloy using B, Si as deoxidizer, its advantages are self-protection, less slag and good effect; the disadvantage is that B, Si has certain side effects. Secondly, inert gas protection is adopted, and the method has the advantages that the normal alloy composition of the cladding layer is not changed; the disadvantage is that the protective effect is limited.
The two methods for preventing the pores of the cladding layer are mainly suitable for common alloy steel, and the problem of the pores in the laser cladding layer of copper and aluminum alloy with higher heat conductivity is difficult to solve all the time because the pores in the laser cladding layer of copper and aluminum alloy are mainly caused by hydrogen; the alloy has good thermal conductivity and high solidification speed, and gas in a molten pool is difficult to escape, so that gas holes are easier to form. Taking an aluminum alloy as an example, the mechanism of pore formation is as follows: one of the main causes that the solubility of aluminum alloy before and after solidification is reduced by about 20 times in an equilibrium state is that the concentration of hydrogen dissolved in liquid metal is high (0.69ml/g) at high temperature, and the concentration of hydrogen dissolved in solid is rapidly reduced (0.036ml/g) at low temperature, which is one of the main causes that blowholes are easily generated in the aluminum alloy weld bead.
Non-metallic inclusions in the aluminium melt as Al2O3Mainly, the influence of the inclusion on the performance of the aluminum alloy is shown in the following aspects that ① obviously reduces the mechanical property and the stress corrosion resistance of the material, ② forms defects of slag inclusion, oxide film and the like in the material to reduce the product quality, ③ adsorbs gas and retards the diffusion and precipitation of the gas to cause looseness and pores, and Al in the aluminum melt2O3The non-metallic inclusions have strong hydrogen absorption capacity, and when the absorbed hydrogen atoms are increased, bubbles are gathered on the surfaces of the inclusions. Non-metallic inclusions of Al2O3(Density 3.96 g/cm)3) MgO (density: 3.58 g/cm)3)、SiO2(Density 2.65 g/cm)3) After the hydrogen bubbles are attached, the density of the hydrogen bubbles is equal to that of the aluminum melt (the density is 2.3-2.4 g/cm)3) Rather, it may be suspended in different locations of the melt. Therefore, the inclusions must be removed simultaneously with the removal of hydrogen from the aluminum alloy.
At present, except for laser cladding and laser rapid forming manufacturing in a vacuum box or an inert gas chamber, air holes in an aluminum alloy automatic powder feeding laser cladding layer under an atmospheric environment are still difficult to avoid, and the situation is serious.
In addition, the influence of the magnetic field on the metal performance in the molten pool under the action of laser is also beneficially researched by scholars at home and abroad, and O.Velde and the like research the influence of the Lorentz force of the static magnetic field on the convection and solute distribution state of Marangoni in the molten pool in the surface alloying process of the aluminum alloy. M.Bachmann et al have studied the effect of permanent magnet static magnetic field and electromagnet alternating magnetic field on improving the cross section and surface appearance of aluminum alloy weld joints and inhibiting splashing in the welding process. The invention patent 'static magnetic field-laser coaxial composite cladding method and device (application number 201310755461.5)' disclosed in 2013 realizes the stabilizing effect on the flow of a molten pool caused by laser through a static magnetic field device, thereby achieving the purposes of regulating and controlling a solidification structure, improving the surface appearance of a cladding layer, optimizing stress distribution, reducing the splashing phenomenon in the cladding process and the like; the invention patent 'a method and a device for electric-magnetic composite field synergistic laser cladding (application number 201410392196.3)' disclosed in 2014 couples an external electric field and an external magnetic field in a workpiece at the same time, so that a conductive fluid in a molten pool area is subjected to the synergistic action of the electric-magnetic composite field, the heat and mass transfer behavior in the laser cladding process is regulated and controlled, the trend control of molten pool convection can be realized, and the purposes of regulating and controlling a solidification structure, optimizing the mechanical property of the workpiece, regulating the distribution of solute elements or external hard phases, improving the surface appearance of a cladding layer and the like are achieved; the invention discloses a method and a device for refining a solidification structure of a laser cladding layer by an alternating magnetic field (application number: 201210225593.2) in 2012, wherein a coil device is arranged on the surface of a workpiece, the alternating magnetic field is used for changing the shape of the solidification structure of the cladding layer, and crystal grains are refined. However, the above studies are conducted on the aspects of improving the surface morphology and the structure form of the cladding layer itself and reducing the spatter by using a magnetic field, and do not relate to the removal of pores and inclusions in the laser cladding layer.
Due to the defects and shortcomings, further improvement and improvement are needed in the field, and a device and a method for removing air holes/inclusions of a laser cladding layer are designed to meet the requirement of removing impurities of various melts during laser cladding.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects or the improvement requirements of the prior art, the invention provides a laser cladding device and a method for removing air holes/inclusions of a laser cladding layer.
In order to achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a laser cladding apparatus for removing blowholes and inclusions of a laser cladding layer, characterized by comprising a work table, a laser cladding powder feeder disposed in front of the work table, and a laser composite processing head located above the work table,
wherein, the work piece is placed on the workstation, the compound processing head of laser includes electrode, induction coil, laser leaded light section of thick bamboo, magnet, work magnetic pole I and work magnetic pole II, work magnetic pole I sets up with work magnetic pole II relatively magnet one end, and has certain clearance each other, laser leaded light section of thick bamboo and work piece are located directly over and under the clearance between work magnetic pole I and the work magnetic pole II respectively, the bottom and the work piece surface of work magnetic pole I and work magnetic pole II keep a definite distance apart, the cladding has induction coil on the crossbeam of the magnet other end, both ends on the induction coil stretch out and are connected with the electrode, the magnet provides alternating magnetic field for work magnetic pole I and work magnetic pole II between and acts on the surface of work piece,
the laser cladding powder feeder adds laser cladding material for the workpiece surface, the laser cladding device still includes the laser instrument, the laser instrument passes through light path system and laser guide tube output laser beam, the laser beam passes the clearance irradiation between work magnetic pole I and the work magnetic pole II and carries out laser cladding on the workpiece surface.
Specifically, the laser cladding powder feeder automatically conveys laser cladding materials to the surface of a matrix through the powder feeding nozzle, and supplements the materials while cladding, so that the materials can be gradually clad, and gas and inclusions can be more easily discharged from the cladding metal. The laser outputs laser beams to the surface of the substrate through the light path system for laser cladding, the induction power supply applies an alternating magnetic field to the substrate and the cladding layer through the working magnetic pole, and the control system controls the on and off of the laser, the laser cladding powder feeder and the induction power supply and relevant process parameters during working of the laser, the laser cladding powder feeder and the induction power supply.
Preferably, the laser cladding device further comprises a numerical control system and an induction power supply connected with the electrode, wherein the numerical control system controls the laser, the laser cladding powder feeder, the induction power supply and the workbench, and the induction power supply controls an alternating magnetic field between the working magnetic pole I and the working magnetic pole II. The numerical control system and the induction power supply are adopted for control, so that the parameters, the powder feeding time and the powder feeding amount of the laser beam can be more accurately controlled, and the change of the alternating magnetic field meets the requirements of impurity removal and gas removal.
Preferably, the material of the magnet is silicon steel sheet, ferrite, permalloy or electrical soft iron, and the structures between the working magnetic pole I and the working magnetic pole II and the magnet are integrated structures formed by the same material or separate structures formed by different materials. Many comparative tests show that the materials have high saturation magnetization, are easy to magnetize and demagnetize, and are suitable for being used under an alternating magnetic field. And the magnet and the magnetic pole are designed into an integrated structure or a separated structure according to the requirement, so that the use requirements of different conditions can be met.
Preferably, the range of the distance a between the working magnetic pole I and the working magnetic pole II is 5-30 mm; the range of the distance h between the bottom surfaces of the working magnetic pole I and the working magnetic pole II and the surface of the workpiece is 0.5-15 mm. Many comparative tests show that the distances a and h are controlled within a proper range, so that the surface of the workpiece is in an alternating magnetic field as far as possible on the premise of ensuring that the nozzle of the laser and laser cladding powder feeder passes through smoothly, and gas and inclusions are discharged more easily.
Preferably, the induction coil is an enameled wire, a cable-wound coil or a copper tube-wound coil, and each turn of the induction coil is electrically insulated.
The invention also provides a laser cladding method for removing the pores/inclusions of the laser cladding layer, which is characterized in that the laser cladding device for removing the pores and the inclusions of the laser cladding layer is adopted, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, mechanically polishing a prepared workpiece, cleaning, fixing the workpiece on a workbench for later use, simultaneously drying and dehydrating the laser cladding material at high temperature, cooling, and putting the cooled laser cladding material into a laser cladding powder feeder for later use;
s2, turning on a laser in the laser cladding device, focusing a laser beam on the surface of a workpiece, feeding a laser cladding material to a laser spot on the surface of the workpiece by using a laser cladding powder feeder, simultaneously turning on an induction power supply, and applying an alternating magnetic field on the laser cladding material on the surface of the workpiece;
s3, setting technological parameters of a laser beam and an alternating magnetic field, starting laser cladding, synchronously conveying a laser cladding material to a laser spot on the surface of a workpiece for supplement by a laser cladding powder feeder while laser cladding, and removing air holes and non-metallic inclusions in the laser cladding layer by using electromagnetic force generated by the alternating magnetic field;
and S4, immediately turning off the laser and the induction power supply after the laser cladding process is finished.
Further preferably, in step S1, the laser cladding material is a powder material, a filament material or a sheet material; the chemical components of the material are aluminum-based material, copper-based material, iron-based material, nickel-based material, cobalt-based material or intermetallic compound-based material with good conductivity. According to the shape and the components of the laser cladding material, a proper laser cladding material is selected, so that the cladding requirements of different types of workpieces can be met.
Preferably, in step S3, when laser cladding is performed in the alternating magnetic field, the laser cladding material on the surface of the workpiece forms a molten pool, an induced current is generated in the molten pool, and the charged metal liquid is subjected to a vertically downward electromagnetic force F due to the electromagnetic fieldEMOr FE'M，
FEM＝J0×B0，FE'M＝J'0×B'0，
wherein ,B0Or B'0Magnetic induction in the case of laser cladding in an alternating magnetic field, J0Or J'0An induced current is generated in the melt pool at the surface of the workpiece.
Preferably, in step S3, during the laser cladding process, bubbles generated in the molten pool form air holes after the laser cladding is completed, and the molten poolThe bubbles and non-metallic inclusions in the molten pool generate a rising force F in the direction opposite to the electromagnetic forcePMaximum escape velocity V of bubbles or nonmetallic inclusionsmaxDiameter d of bubble or non-metallic inclusionpMagnetic induction B0Proportional to the frequency f of the alternating magnetic field, inversely proportional to the viscosity η of the metal melt, and exponentially decreasing with the depth at which the bubble or the nonmetallic inclusion is located.
Specifically, the alternating magnetic field traverses through the molten bath and generates a downward electromagnetic thrust (lorentz force) on the liquid metal in the molten bath; at the same time, the difference in conductivity between the molten bath and the molten metal is utilized, and the bubbles and the nonmetallic inclusions in the molten bath generate an opposite rising force F in the molten bath due to the low conductivityPSuch lifting force FPThey can be promoted to separate from the molten pool, thereby improving the quality of the laser cladding layer.
Preferably, in step S3, during laser cladding, the process parameters of the laser beam and the alternating magnetic field are: the laser power P is 300-12000W, the scanning speed V is 2-3500 mm/s, and the laser spot diameter D is 0.3-25 mm; the alternating magnetic field intensity B is 5-650 mT, the current I is 3-330A, and the frequency f is 2-124 kHz; and inert gas is adopted for protection during laser cladding. Many comparative tests show that the laser cladding can be effectively carried out by controlling the technological parameters of the laser beam and the alternating magnetic field within the range, and meanwhile, the magnetic field with enough strength generates Lorentz force, so that gas and inclusions are smoothly discharged. And inert gas is adopted for atmosphere protection, so that the situation that a cladding layer is oxidized to generate new impurities can be avoided, and the impurity removal efficiency of the device is improved.
Generally, compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
(1) the laser cladding device of the invention adopts the alternating magnetic field based on special design to carry out laser-induction composite cladding, and the alternating magnetic field is applied to transversely pass through the molten pool and carry out laser-induction composite cladding on the molten poolThe liquid metal in the bath generates a downward electromagnetic thrust (lorentz force); at the same time, the difference in conductivity between the molten bath and the molten metal is utilized, and the bubbles and the nonmetallic inclusions in the molten bath generate an opposite rising force F in the molten bath due to the low conductivityPSuch lifting force FPThey can be promoted to separate from the molten pool, thereby improving the quality of the laser cladding layer.
(2) The device adopts the laser composite processing head with an integrated structure, and the laser composite processing head integrates an electrode, an induction coil, a working magnetic pole, a laser light guide cylinder and the like together, so that the structure is compact; the alternating magnetic field is applied to the laser cladding molten pool on the surface of the workpiece through the specially designed magnet and the two working magnetic poles, the device is convenient to operate and high in practicability, and can be used for laser cladding, laser melting, laser alloying or laser rapid forming of metal parts and the like. The laser cladding powder feeder automatically conveys laser cladding materials to the surface of the matrix through the powder feeding nozzle, and supplements the materials during cladding, so that the materials can be gradually cladded, and gas and inclusions can be more easily discharged from the cladding metal.
(3) The invention selects proper magnet materials, controls the distance a between the working magnetic poles and the distance h between the working magnetic poles and the surface of the workpiece within proper ranges, and can ensure that the surface of the workpiece is in a strong enough alternating magnetic field as far as possible on the premise of ensuring the laser and the nozzle of the powder feeder to pass through smoothly, so that gas and impurities are discharged more easily.
(4) The method controls the technological parameters of the laser beam and the alternating magnetic field within a certain range so as to effectively carry out laser cladding, and simultaneously generates a magnetic field and Lorentz force which are strong enough so as to smoothly discharge gas and inclusions. Inert gas is adopted for atmosphere protection, so that the situation that a cladding layer is oxidized to generate new impurities can be avoided, and the impurity removal efficiency of the device is improved; the welding requirements of different types of workpieces can be met by selecting a proper laser cladding material according to the requirements; the method can complete cladding and impurity removal of the cladding layer by only adopting a plurality of steps, and has simple steps, easy operation and low cost.
(5) The device and the method are simple and easy to obtain, can obviously reduce air holes and nonmetallic inclusions in the aluminum alloy laser cladding layer, obviously improve the quality of the laser cladding layer, and have important application value.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a laser cladding apparatus for removing pores and inclusions from a laser cladding layer according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of a laser compound machining head of the laser cladding apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the direction of the electromagnetic force in the molten pool under the forward alternating magnetic field of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the direction of the electromagnetic force in the molten pool under the reverse alternating magnetic field of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a sectional view of a laser cladding layer of this example 1;
FIG. 6 is a sectional view of a laser cladding layer according to example 2;
FIG. 7 is a sectional view of a laser cladding layer according to example 3;
FIG. 8 is a sectional view of a laser cladding layer according to this example 4;
FIG. 9 is a sectional view of a laser cladding layer of this example 5;
FIG. 10 is a graph showing the variation of the porosity/inclusion ratio of the laser cladding layer for feeding aluminum alloy powder under an alternating magnetic field.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a laser cladding apparatus for removing blowholes and inclusions in a laser cladding layer according to the present invention, which includes a work table 9, a laser cladding powder feeder 11 disposed in front of the work table 9, and a laser composite processing head disposed above the work table 9,
wherein, work piece 8 is placed on workstation 9, the compound processing head of laser includes electrode 3, induction coil 4, laser leaded light section of thick bamboo 5, magnet 7, work magnetic pole I7.1 and work magnetic pole II 7.2 set up relatively magnet 7 one end, and have certain clearance each other, laser leaded light section of thick bamboo 5 and work piece 8 are located the clearance between work magnetic pole I7.1 and the work magnetic pole II 7.2 respectively directly over and directly under, the bottom and the work 8 surface of work magnetic pole I7.1 and work magnetic pole II 7.2 keep a definite distance apart, the cladding has induction coil 4 on the crossbeam of the magnet 7 other end, both ends on induction coil 4 stretch out and are connected with electrode 3, magnet 7 provides alternating magnetic field for between work magnetic pole I7.1 and the work magnetic pole II 7.2 and acts on the surface of work piece 8,
the laser cladding powder feeder 11 adds laser cladding material for the surface of a workpiece 8, the laser cladding device further comprises a laser 1, the laser 1 outputs a laser beam 6 through a light path system and a laser guide tube 5, and the laser beam 6 passes through a gap between a working magnetic pole I7.1 and a working magnetic pole II 7.2 and irradiates the surface of the workpiece 8 for laser cladding.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the laser cladding device further comprises a numerical control system 10 and an induction power supply 2 connected with the electrode 3, wherein the numerical control system 10 controls the laser 1, the laser cladding powder feeder 11, the induction power supply 2 and the workbench 9, and the induction power supply 2 controls an alternating magnetic field between the working magnetic pole I and the working magnetic pole II.
In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the material of the magnet 7 is silicon steel sheet, ferrite, permalloy or electrically soft iron, and the structures between the working magnetic pole i 7.1 and the working magnetic pole ii 7.2 and the magnet 7 are integrated structures formed by the same material or separate structures formed by different materials.
In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the distance a between the working magnetic pole I7.1 and the working magnetic pole II 7.2 is in the range of 5-30 mm; the range of the distance h between the bottom surfaces of the working magnetic pole I7.1 and the working magnetic pole II 7.2 and the surface of the workpiece 8 is 0.5-15 mm.
In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, said induction coil 4 is a wire-coated, cable-wound or copper tube-wound coil, with electrical insulation between each turn of the induction coil.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a laser cladding method for removing pores/inclusions in a laser cladding layer, which is characterized in that the laser cladding apparatus for removing pores and inclusions in a laser cladding layer as described above is adopted, and specifically includes the following steps:
s1, mechanically polishing a prepared workpiece, cleaning, fixing the workpiece on a workbench for later use, simultaneously drying and dehydrating the laser cladding material at high temperature, cooling, and putting the cooled laser cladding material into a laser cladding powder feeder for later use;
s2, turning on a laser in the laser cladding device, focusing a laser beam on the surface of a workpiece, feeding a laser cladding material to a laser spot on the surface of the workpiece by using a laser cladding powder feeder, simultaneously turning on an induction power supply, and applying an alternating magnetic field on the laser cladding material on the surface of the workpiece;
s3, adjusting technological parameters of the laser beam and the alternating magnetic field, starting laser cladding, synchronously feeding laser cladding materials to laser spots on the surface of the workpiece for supplement by a laser cladding powder feeder during laser cladding, and removing air holes and non-metallic inclusions in the laser cladding layer by utilizing electromagnetic force;
and S4, immediately turning off the laser and the induction power supply after the laser cladding process is finished.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S1, the laser cladding material is a powder material, a filament material or a sheet material; the chemical components of the material are aluminum-based material, copper-based material, iron-based material, nickel-based material, cobalt-based material or intermetallic compound-based material with good conductivity.
In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S3, an alternating magnetic field is specially configured in the manner shown in fig. 3 and 4, when laser cladding is performed in the alternating magnetic field, a molten pool is formed by the laser cladding material on the surface of the workpiece, an induced current is generated in the molten pool, and the charged metal liquid is subjected to a vertically downward electromagnetic force F due to the electromagnetic fieldEMOr FE'M，
FEM＝J0×B0，FE'M＝J'0×B'0，
wherein ,B0Or B'0Magnetic induction in the case of laser cladding in an alternating magnetic field, J0Or J'0An induced current is generated in the melt pool at the surface of the workpiece.
In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S3, during the laser cladding process, the bubbles generated in the molten pool form pores after the laser cladding process is completed, and the bubbles and the non-metallic inclusions in the molten pool generate a lifting force F in the molten pool opposite to the direction of the electromagnetic forcePMaximum escape velocity V of bubbles or nonmetallic inclusionsmaxDiameter d of air bubble or non-metallic impuritypMagnetic induction B0Proportional to the frequency f of the alternating magnetic field, inversely proportional to the viscosity η of the metal melt, and exponentially decreasing with the depth at which the bubble or the nonmetallic inclusion is located.
In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S3, during laser cladding, the process parameters of the laser beam and the alternating magnetic field are: the laser power P is 300-12000W, the scanning speed V is 2-3500 mm/s, and the laser spot diameter D is 0.3-25 mm; the alternating magnetic field intensity B is 5-650 mT, the current I is 3-330A, and the frequency f is 2-124 kHz; and inert gas is adopted for protection during laser cladding.
To better explain the invention, specific examples are given below:
example 1
Mechanically polishing the surface of an aluminum alloy substrate of 100mm × 10mm × 10mm, cleaning the surface of an aluminum piece by absolute ethyl alcohol, fixing the aluminum alloy substrate on a workbench, drying and dehydrating the prepared aluminum alloy powder in a vacuum furnace at 350 ℃ for 2 hours, cooling for later use, focusing a laser beam, performing laser cladding by adopting a synchronous powder feeding mode, introducing argon for protection, and adopting a fiber laser with the laser power density of 1.5 × 103W/cm2The spot diameter is 5mm, the scanning speed is 1 m/mIn, the distance a between the two working magnetic poles is 20mm, the distance h between the bottom surfaces of the working magnetic poles and the surface of a workpiece is 3mm, the magnetic induction intensity B is 0mT, the current I is 20A, the frequency f is 50kHz, and the magnetic induction intensity in the alternating magnetic field is measured by a Tesla meter.
The cross-sectional morphology of the cladding layer obtained after laser cladding is shown in fig. 5, and the porosity/inclusion rate of the cladding layer is 7.5%.
Example 2
Except for the magnetic induction B, the process parameters of example 2 are the same as those of example 1, the magnetic induction B is 11mT, the cross-sectional morphology of the cladding layer obtained after laser cladding is shown in fig. 6, and the porosity/inclusion ratio of the cladding layer is 5.84%.
Example 3
Except for the magnetic induction B, the process parameters of example 3 are the same as those of example 1, the magnetic induction B is 24mT, the cross-sectional morphology of the cladding layer obtained after laser cladding is shown in fig. 7, and the porosity/inclusion ratio of the cladding layer is 4.00%.
Example 4
Except for the magnetic induction B, the process parameters of example 4 are the same as those of example 1, the magnetic induction B is 35mT, the cross-sectional morphology of the cladding layer obtained after laser cladding is shown in fig. 8, and the porosity/inclusion ratio of the cladding layer is 0.66%.
Example 5
Except for the magnetic induction B, the process parameters of example 5 are the same as those of example 1, the magnetic induction B is 50mT, the cross-sectional morphology of the cladding layer obtained after laser cladding is shown in fig. 9, and the porosity/inclusion ratio of the cladding layer is 0.33%.
Example 6
Mechanically polishing the surface of an aluminum alloy substrate of 100mm × 10mm × 10mm, cleaning the surface of an aluminum piece by absolute ethyl alcohol, fixing the aluminum alloy substrate on a workbench, drying and dehydrating the prepared aluminum alloy powder in a vacuum furnace at 350 ℃ for 2 hours, cooling for later use, focusing a laser beam, performing laser cladding by adopting a synchronous powder feeding mode, introducing argon for protection, and adopting a fiber laser with the laser power density of 1.2 × 104W/cm2The spot diameter is 25mm, the scanning speed is 3500mm/s, the distance a between the two working magnetic poles is 30mm, the distance h between the bottom surface of the working magnetic pole and the surface of the workpiece is 15mm, the magnetic induction intensity B is 5mT, the current I is 3A, the frequency is 2kHz, and the magnetic induction intensity in the alternating magnetic field is measured by a teslameter. The ratio of pores/inclusions in the cladding layer obtained after laser cladding is 6.5%.
Example 7
Mechanically polishing the surface of an aluminum alloy substrate of 100mm × 10mm × 10mm, cleaning the surface of an aluminum piece by absolute ethyl alcohol, fixing the aluminum alloy substrate on a workbench, drying and dehydrating the prepared aluminum alloy powder in a vacuum furnace at 350 ℃ for 2 hours, cooling for later use, focusing a laser beam, performing laser cladding by adopting a synchronous powder feeding mode, introducing argon for protection, and adopting a fiber laser with the laser power density of 300W/cm2The spot diameter is 0.3mm, the scanning speed is 2mm/s, the distance a between the two working magnetic poles is 5mm, the distance h between the bottom surface of the working magnetic pole and the surface of the workpiece is 0.5mm, the magnetic induction intensity B is 650mT, the current I is 330A, the frequency is 124kHz, and the magnetic induction intensity in the alternating magnetic field is measured by a Tesla meter. The ratio of pores/inclusions in the cladding layer obtained after laser cladding is 0.35%.
FIG. 10 is a graph showing the variation of the porosity/inclusion ratio of the laser cladding layer for feeding powder to aluminum alloy under different magnetic induction.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A laser cladding device for removing air holes/inclusions in a laser cladding layer is characterized by comprising a workbench (9), a laser cladding powder feeder (11) arranged in front of the workbench (9) and a laser composite processing head positioned above the workbench (9),
wherein, work piece (8) are placed on workstation (9), the compound processing head of laser includes electrode (3), induction coil (4), laser leaded light section of thick bamboo (5), magnet (7), work magnetic pole I (7.1) and work magnetic pole II (7.2) set up relatively magnet (7) one end, and have certain clearance each other, laser leaded light section of thick bamboo (5) and work piece (8) are located the clearance between work magnetic pole I (7.1) and work magnetic pole II (7.2) respectively directly over and directly under, the bottom and work piece (8) surface certain distance of work magnetic pole I (7.1) and work magnetic pole II (7.2), the cladding has induction coil (4) on the crossbeam of the magnet (7) other end, the both ends of induction coil (4) stretch out and are connected with electrode (3), the magnet (7) provides an alternating magnetic field between the working magnetic pole I (7.1) and the working magnetic pole II (7.2) to act on the surface of the workpiece (8),
the laser cladding powder feeder (11) adds the laser cladding material for the surface of work piece (8), the place ahead of electrode (3) still is provided with laser instrument (1), laser instrument (1) passes through optical path system and laser guide tube (5) output laser beam (6), laser beam (6) pass the clearance between work magnetic pole I (7.1) and work magnetic pole II (7.2) and shine and carry out the laser cladding on the surface of work piece (8).
2. The laser cladding device according to claim 1, further comprising a numerical control system (10) and an induction power supply (2) connected to the electrode (3), wherein the numerical control system (10) controls the laser (1), the laser cladding powder feeder (11), the induction power supply (2) and the work table (9), and the induction power supply (2) controls an alternating magnetic field between the working magnetic pole I and the working magnetic pole II.
3. Laser cladding apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the material of said magnet (7) is silicon steel sheet, ferrite, permalloy or electrical soft iron; the structure between the working magnetic pole I (7.1), the working magnetic pole II (7.2) and the magnet (7) is an integrated structure formed by the same materials or a separated structure formed by different materials.
4. Laser cladding apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the distance a between said working magnetic pole I (7.1) and said working magnetic pole II (7.2) is in the range of 5-30 mm; the range of the distance h between the bottom surfaces of the working magnetic pole I (7.1) and the working magnetic pole II (7.2) and the surface of the workpiece (8) is 0.5-15 mm.
5. Laser cladding apparatus according to claim 4, wherein said induction coil (4) is a wire-wound, cable-wound or copper tube-wound coil, each turn of the induction coil (4) being electrically insulated from the other turns.
6. A laser cladding method for removing pores/inclusions in a laser cladding layer is characterized in that the laser cladding device for removing the pores and the inclusions in the laser cladding layer as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5 is adopted, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, mechanically polishing a prepared workpiece, cleaning, fixing the workpiece on a workbench for later use, simultaneously drying and dehydrating the laser cladding material at high temperature, cooling, and putting the cooled laser cladding material into a laser cladding powder feeder for later use;
s2, turning on a laser in the laser cladding device, focusing a laser beam on the surface of a workpiece, feeding a laser cladding material to a laser spot on the surface of the workpiece by using a laser cladding powder feeder, simultaneously turning on an induction power supply, and applying an alternating magnetic field on the laser cladding material on the surface of the workpiece;
s3, setting technological parameters of a laser beam and an alternating magnetic field, starting laser cladding, synchronously conveying a laser cladding material to a laser spot on the surface of a workpiece for supplement by a laser cladding powder feeder while laser cladding, and removing air holes and non-metallic inclusions in the laser cladding layer by using electromagnetic force generated by the alternating magnetic field;
and S4, immediately turning off the laser and the induction power supply after the laser cladding process is finished.
7. The laser cladding method of claim 6, wherein in step S1, said laser cladding material is a powder material, a wire-like material or a sheet-like material; the chemical components of the material are aluminum-based material, copper-based material, iron-based material, nickel-based material, cobalt-based material or intermetallic compound-based material with good conductivity.
8. Laser cladding method according to claim 6 or 7, wherein in step S3, when laser cladding is performed in the alternating magnetic field, a molten pool of laser cladding material on the surface of the workpiece is formed, an induced current is generated in the molten pool, and the charged metal liquid is subjected to a vertically downward electromagnetic force F by the electromagnetic fieldEMOr F'EM，
FEM＝J0×B0，F′EM＝J'0×B'0，
wherein ,B0Or B'0Magnetic induction in the case of laser cladding in an alternating magnetic field, J0Or J'0An induced current is generated in the melt pool at the surface of the workpiece.
9. The laser cladding method of claim 8, wherein in step S3, bubbles generated in the molten pool form pores after laser cladding is completed, and the bubbles and non-metallic inclusions in the molten pool generate an ascending force F in the molten pool opposite to the electromagnetic force directionPMaximum escape velocity V of bubbles or nonmetallic inclusionsmaxWith diameter d of bubbles or inclusionspMagnetic induction B0Proportional to the frequency f of the alternating magnetic field, inversely proportional to the viscosity η of the metal melt, and exponentially decreasing with the depth at which the bubble or the nonmetallic inclusion is located.
10. The laser cladding method of claim 9, wherein in step S3, the process parameters of the laser beam and the alternating magnetic field during laser cladding are: the laser power P is 300-12000W, the scanning speed V is 2-3500 mm/s, and the laser spot diameter D is 0.3-25 mm; the alternating magnetic field intensity B is 5-650 mT, the current I is 3-330A, and the frequency f is 2-124 kHz; and inert gas is adopted for protection during laser cladding.
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