CN106964735A - A kind of super large ratio of height to diameter metal stock upsetting formation method - Google Patents

A kind of super large ratio of height to diameter metal stock upsetting formation method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106964735A
CN106964735A CN201710205539.4A CN201710205539A CN106964735A CN 106964735 A CN106964735 A CN 106964735A CN 201710205539 A CN201710205539 A CN 201710205539A CN 106964735 A CN106964735 A CN 106964735A
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jumping
mould
diameter
height
blank
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CN106964735B (en
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钱东升
华林
兰箭
邓加东
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Wuhan University of Technology WUT
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Wuhan University of Technology WUT
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21JFORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J5/00Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
    • B21J5/06Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
    • B21J5/08Upsetting

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention proposes a kind of super large ratio of height to diameter metal stock upsetting formation method, including:(1) jumping-up pass programming upset forging process flow in mould is determined according to jumping-up blank diameter increment rate in initial blank size, mould and free compression ratio of height to diameter of the ingot;(2) upset ratio of each jumping-up passage is determined according to upsetting formation part target size, free compression ratio of height to diameter of the ingot and Mo Nei jumping-up blank diameter increment rates;(3) jumping-up uses the ring mould with draw taper in mould, and groundwork size can calculate each passage jumping-up billet size to determine according to each passage upset ratio;(4) upsetting formation:Each passage jumping-up is carried out successively by the jumping-up flow of planning using forcing press and mould, it is final to obtain required upsetting formation part.The present invention can effectively suppress super large ratio of height to diameter blank jumping-up unstable phenomenon, it is to avoid blank jumping-up is bent, and can regulate and control Upsetting uniformity, reduction upset force energy, so as to improve jumping-up quality, save jumping-up energy consumption and expand equipment jumping-up size range.

Description

A kind of super large ratio of height to diameter metal stock upsetting formation method
Technical field
The invention belongs to the technical field of plastic working, more particularly to a kind of super large ratio of height to diameter metal stock upsetting formation side Method.
Background technology
Jumping-up is played as most basic Plastic Forming work step in the main plastic forming process such as forging, extruding, rolling The effect of key, the effect of jumping-up suffers from important for the geometric accuracy and structure property of Plastic Forming blank and forging Influence.The fast development of the high-end Grand Equipments of machinery, the energy, aerospace field, to the performance requirement of large forgings increasingly Height, in order to realize large forgings high-performance manufacture, it usually needs eliminated as much as by large plastometric set blank genetic defects, Improve interior tissue state, lifting comprehensive mechanical property.Realize above-mentioned purpose, it usually needs big upset ratio jumping-up is supported, And in order to obtain big upset ratio, then need the height and diameter ratio of jumping-up blank i.e. larger ratio of height to diameter blank greatly.However, generally working as When jumping-up ratio of height to diameter of the ingot is more than 2.5, just easily there is jumping-up unstability and cause blank to bend.Therefore, in plastic forming process The general larger ratio of height to diameter blank avoided from ratio of height to diameter more than 2.5, this also limits improvement of the jumping-up to blank structure property Effect.For the contradiction between big upset ratio demand and jumping-up unstability defect, larger ratio of height to diameter blank upsetting formation one how is realized Directly paid attention to as key technical problem by plastic working circle, and propose some larger ratio of height to diameter blank method for upsetting.However, The maximum ratio of height to diameter of jumping-up blank also can only achieve 3.3 or so in current practice.And for needing more larger ratio of height to diameter blank The situation of jumping-up, in order to prevent jumping-up unstability, can only also use the blank of major diameter instead, on the one hand sacrifice upset ratio, the opposing party Face blank diameter is bigger, interior tissue quality is more difficult to control to and it is relatively poorer.In addition, for some special materials of Aero-Space Forging, due to the limitation of blank specification itself, it is impossible to from the blank of larger diameter, and when must carry out larger ratio of height to diameter jumping-up, Then 'bottleneck' restrictions are brought to forging forming.Therefore, it is special to large forgings especially Aero-Space in order to break away from above mentioned problem The restriction of material large forgings high-performance shaping, in the urgent need to researching and developing effective super large ratio of height to diameter blank upsetting formation method.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of super large ratio of height to diameter metal stock upsetting formation method, using jumping-up in mould with The multi-pass combination jumping-up mode that free compression is combined, by design upset forging process and the mould of making rational planning for, can effectively keep away Exempt from jumping-up unstability, so that the super large ratio of height to diameter blank upsetting formation of ratio of height to diameter 3.3~7 can be realized.
The present invention solves the technical scheme that is used of above-mentioned technical problem:A kind of super large ratio of height to diameter metal stock is upset as Shape method, it is characterised in that it is comprised the following specific steps that:
1) jumping-up passage in mould is determined, according to jumping-up blank diameter increment rate and free compression in initial blank size, mould Ratio of height to diameter of the ingot determines jumping-up passage in mould, and specific formula for calculation is as follows:
Wherein, n represents jumping-up number of times in mould, round numbers;D0、H0Initial blank is represented respectively Diameter and height;K is that jumping-up blank diameter increment rate is that blank diameter increases percentage before and after jumping-up in mould in mould, in order to adjust Control upset diameter increment rate in Upsetting uniformity, each passage mould and take identical value;λ is the Gao Jing of last free compression blank Than;
2) upset ratio is designed, according to upsetting formation part target size, free compression ratio of height to diameter of the ingot and Mo Nei jumping-up blanks Diameter increment rate determines upset ratio, and specific formula for calculation is as follows:
Wherein, S represents the upset ratio of jumping-up in mould, due in each passage mould Jumping-up blank diameter increment rate k is equal, then the upset ratio of jumping-up is equal in each passage mould;S1Represent the upset ratio of free compression; D, H represent the aimed dia and height of upsetting formation part respectively;
3) heading die is designed, and jumping-up uses the ring mould with draw taper with mould in mould, and its key dimension can be pressed Following formula is designed:
di=(1+k) Di-1,I=1,2...n, wherein, di、hiRepresent respectively in ith mould used in jumping-up The internal diameter and height of mould;Di-1、Hi-1The diameter and height of blank before jumping-up in ith mould are represented respectively, can be according to each passage Upset ratio, which is calculated, to be determined, the diameter and height of initial blank are then represented during i=1;
4) upsetting formation, by the mould preheating of jumping-up, lubrication in mould, puts press bench, initial blank is placed In mold bottom center, keep blank end face vertical with axis, carrying out jumping-up in jumping-up in mould, mould using forcing press completes laggard The row demoulding, then carries out back pass jumping-up, until completing last free compression.
By such scheme, the step 1) in for the multi-pass jumping-up that initial blank ratio of height to diameter is 3.3~7, k values take 15%~20%, λ value takes 2.1~2.4, and initial blank ratio of height to diameter is cumulative, and k values are cumulative therewith, λ values therewith decrescence, initially Decrescence, therewith decrescence, λ values are cumulative therewith for k values for ratio of height to diameter of the ingot.
By such scheme, the step 3) described in draw taper be 3 °~5 °.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:The present invention passes through two according to the respective advantage and disadvantage of common free compression and Mo Nei jumping-ups The mode of kind is combined, and can either be prevented jumping-up unstability, can be simplified upset forging process process and process costs to a certain extent again;Secondly, By the key parameter such as jumping-up blank diameter increment rate, free compression ratio of height to diameter of the ingot in matched design mould, so as to make rational planning for Each passage upset ratio of jumping-up passage, coordinated allocation and mould constraint is effectively set, make super large ratio of height to diameter blank in multi-pass upsetting Uniform and stable deformation during thick, effectively suppresses jumping-up bending, while controlling deformation uniformity, and reduces upset force energy, While realizing super large ratio of height to diameter upsetting formation, blank interior tissue quality is improved, energy consumption is reduced and expands the equipment range of work. And this method is applied to various metal stocks, particularly with the special material such as aluminium alloy of some narrow forging temperatures, mould Interior jumping-up can play effective insulation effect.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the process chart of one embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is the process chart of another embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
For super large ratio of height to diameter blank jumping-up, it is necessary first to which consideration avoids jumping-up unstability, while it is also contemplated that technological operation Property and process costs.Jumping-up and free compression process characteristic in present invention comprehensive utilization mould, using jumping-up in mould and free compression The multi-pass combination jumping-up mode being combined, makes blank deformation to ratio of height to diameter reach that free compression allows by jumping-up in mould first Ratio of height to diameter in the range of, finally again using free compression complete.For combinations thereof jumping-up mode, jumping-up passage is more, jumping-up Unstability risk is smaller, but technological operation is more complicated, process costs are also higher., can root for the combination jumping-up mode of the present invention Upsetting in determination mould is calculated as follows according to jumping-up blank diameter increment rate in initial blank size, mould and free compression ratio of height to diameter of the ingot Thick passage., can be with when k values take 15%~20%, λ value to take 2.1~2.4 for the multi-pass jumping-up of ratio of height to diameter of the ingot 3.3~7 Ensure that jumping-up and free compression can be prevented effectively from jumping-up unstability in mould, and each passage Upsetting degree is connected as far as possible Closely.When initial blank ratio of height to diameter is bigger, k values are bigger, λ values are smaller.Upset ratio is the important parameter of Upsetting, for upsetting Thick power can suffer from the influence of key with jumping-up quality.Jumping-up is combined for multi-pass of the present invention, when it is determined that after jumping-up passage, respectively The upset ratio of passage can increase according to upsetting formation part target size, free compression ratio of height to diameter of the ingot and Mo Nei jumping-ups blank diameter Rate, which is calculated, to be determined.Jumping-up uses the ring mould with draw taper with mould in mould, and the external diameter of mould can pass through each passage jumping-up Power and mold materials performance carry out Strength co-mputation determination, and draw taper generally takes 3 °~5 °.
Embodiment 1:
As shown in figure 1, so that ratio of height to diameter is 7 certain steel blank jumping-up as an example, the initial jumping-up size of blank is diameter D0= 600mm, height H0=4200mm, upsetting formation part size objectives size is diameter D=1000mm, height H=1512mm, jumping-up Shaping is realized as follows:
1) jumping-up passage in mould is determined, is calculated according to equation below:
Jumping-up blank diameter increment rate k is the 20%, Gao Jing of free compression blank in modulus Be 2.34 than λ, calculate and determine that jumping-up passage is twice in mould, whole upset forging process flow be in mould jumping-up twice, free compression Once;
2) upset ratio is designed, and is calculated according to equation below:
It is determined that upset ratio is 30.56% in mould twice, free compression ratio is 25.35%;
3) heading die is designed, and jumping-up uses the ring mould with draw taper with mould in mould, and its key dimension can be pressed Following formula is designed:
Determine jumping-up ring mould internal diameter d in the 1st mould1=600mm, height h1=2917mm, draw taper α=5 °;The Jumping-up ring mould internal diameter d in 2 moulds2=864mm, height h2=2026mm, draw taper α=5 °;
4) upsetting formation, by the mould preheating of jumping-up, lubrication in mould, puts press bench, initial blank is placed In mold bottom center, keep blank end face vertical with axis, carrying out jumping-up in jumping-up in mould twice, mould using forcing press completes It is stripped afterwards, then carries out free compression, it is final to obtain required upsetting formation part.
Embodiment 2:
As shown in Fig. 2 so that ratio of height to diameter is 3.3 certain aluminum alloy blank jumping-up as an example, the initial jumping-up size of blank is diameter D0=500mm, height H0=1650mm, upsetting formation part size objectives size is diameter D=660mm, height H=947mm, upsetting Dumming is realized as follows:
1) jumping-up passage in mould is determined, is calculated according to equation below:
Jumping-up blank diameter increment rate k is the 15%, Gao Jing of free compression blank in modulus Be 2.17 than λ, calculate and determine that jumping-up passage is once in mould, whole upset forging process flow be in mould jumping-up once, free compression Once;
2) upset ratio is designed, and is calculated according to equation below:
Upset ratio is that 24.39%, free compression ratio is 24.10% in mould;
3) heading die is designed, and jumping-up uses the ring mould with draw taper with mould in mould, and its key dimension can be pressed Following formula is designed:
Determine jumping-up ring mould internal diameter d in mould1=575mm, height h1=1248mm, draw taper α=3 °;
4) upsetting formation, by the mould preheating of jumping-up, lubrication in mould, puts press bench, initial blank is placed In mold bottom center, keep blank end face vertical with axis, carrying out jumping-up in jumping-up in mould, mould using forcing press completes laggard The row demoulding, then carries out free compression, final to obtain required upsetting formation part.
Examples detailed above is only the example demonstration to validity of the present invention and feasibility, not makees any formal to the present invention Limitation, any specific simple change of every operation principle institute embodiment according to the present invention, equivalent variations and modification, still It is within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (3)

1. a kind of super large ratio of height to diameter metal stock upsetting formation method, it is characterised in that it is comprised the following specific steps that:
1) jumping-up passage in mould is determined, according to jumping-up blank diameter increment rate in initial blank size, mould and free compression blank Ratio of height to diameter determines jumping-up passage in mould, and specific formula for calculation is as follows:
Wherein, n represents jumping-up number of times in mould, round numbers;D0、H0The straight of initial blank is represented respectively Footpath and height;K is that jumping-up blank diameter increment rate is that blank diameter increases percentage before and after jumping-up in mould in mould, in order to regulate and control upsetting Upset diameter increment rate takes identical value in thick deformation uniformity, each passage mould;λ is the ratio of height to diameter of last free compression blank;
2) upset ratio is designed, according to upsetting formation part target size, free compression ratio of height to diameter of the ingot and Mo Nei jumping-up blank diameters Increment rate determines upset ratio, and specific formula for calculation is as follows:
Wherein, S represents the upset ratio of jumping-up in mould, due to jumping-up in each passage mould Blank diameter increment rate k is equal, then the upset ratio of jumping-up is equal in each passage mould;S1Represent the upset ratio of free compression;D, H points Not Biao Shi upsetting formation part aimed dia and height;
3) heading die is designed, and jumping-up uses the ring mould with draw taper with mould in mould, and its key dimension can be as the following formula Design:
I=1,2...n, wherein, di、hiJumping-up mould therefor in ith mould is represented respectively Internal diameter and height;Di-1、Hi-1The diameter and height of blank before jumping-up in ith mould are represented respectively, can be according to each passage jumping-up Determined than calculating, the diameter and height of initial blank are then represented during i=1;
4) upsetting formation, by the mould preheating of jumping-up, lubrication in mould, puts press bench, initial blank is positioned over into mould Have bottom centre, keep blank end face vertical with axis, carry out being taken off after the completion of jumping-up in jumping-up in mould, mould using forcing press Mould, then carries out back pass jumping-up, until completing last free compression.
2. a kind of super large ratio of height to diameter metal stock upsetting formation method according to the claims 1, it is characterised in that institute State step 1) in for the multi-pass jumping-up that initial blank ratio of height to diameter is 3.3~7, k values take 15%~20%, λ value take 2.1~ 2.4, initial blank ratio of height to diameter is cumulative, and k values are cumulative therewith, λ values therewith decrescence, initial blank ratio of height to diameter decrescence, k values with Decrescence, λ values are cumulative therewith.
3. a kind of super large ratio of height to diameter metal stock upsetting formation method according to the claims 1, it is characterised in that institute State step 3) described in draw taper be 3 °~5 °.
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Cited By (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107497984A (en) * 2017-09-13 2017-12-22 中北大学 An a kind of upsetting formation mould of the big specification strand of larger ratio of height to diameter
CN110814248A (en) * 2019-10-10 2020-02-21 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 Flash-free hot die forging forming process for front shell forging of automobile differential
CN113579144A (en) * 2021-09-26 2021-11-02 中国航发北京航空材料研究院 Upsetting die and forming method for round bar with ultra-large height-diameter ratio
CN113953431A (en) * 2021-11-08 2022-01-21 内蒙古北方重工业集团有限公司 Upsetting method of free forging press for large alloy steel ingot with ultrahigh diameter ratio

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CN111283127B (en) * 2020-02-17 2022-08-26 北京钢研高纳科技股份有限公司 Forging method of alloy ingot

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CN102071367A (en) * 2010-11-24 2011-05-25 南京迪威尔重型锻造股份有限公司 Steel forging manufacturing process for deep-sea Christmas tree equipment connectors
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US20060260380A1 (en) * 2005-01-31 2006-11-23 Showa Denko K.K. Upsetting method and upsetting apparatus
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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107497984A (en) * 2017-09-13 2017-12-22 中北大学 An a kind of upsetting formation mould of the big specification strand of larger ratio of height to diameter
CN107497984B (en) * 2017-09-13 2019-07-09 中北大学 An a kind of upsetting formation mold of the big specification slab of larger ratio of height to diameter
CN110814248A (en) * 2019-10-10 2020-02-21 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 Flash-free hot die forging forming process for front shell forging of automobile differential
CN110814248B (en) * 2019-10-10 2022-03-22 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 Flash-free hot die forging forming process for front shell forging of automobile differential
CN113579144A (en) * 2021-09-26 2021-11-02 中国航发北京航空材料研究院 Upsetting die and forming method for round bar with ultra-large height-diameter ratio
CN113579144B (en) * 2021-09-26 2022-01-11 中国航发北京航空材料研究院 Upsetting die and forming method for round bar with ultra-large height-diameter ratio
CN113953431A (en) * 2021-11-08 2022-01-21 内蒙古北方重工业集团有限公司 Upsetting method of free forging press for large alloy steel ingot with ultrahigh diameter ratio
CN113953431B (en) * 2021-11-08 2024-03-29 内蒙古北方重工业集团有限公司 Upsetting method of free forging press for large alloy steel ingot with ultrahigh diameter ratio

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