CN106962028A - Camellia cuttage grafting integration quick-breeding method - Google Patents
Camellia cuttage grafting integration quick-breeding method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of integrated quick-breeding method of camellia cuttage grafting, it is characterized in that, it is by carrying out cuttage to the thick oil tea branch in 3.0cm of perennial stem, the more nutriment having in such thick cutting can take root for taking out with scion for cutting base portion slightly provides certain nutrient, can promote rapid shaping.The grafting of purpose camellia kind scion is carried out on the top of cutting simultaneously, camellia kind scion retains 23 full leafs, carry out photosynthesis as functional leaf, the nutrient that photosynthesis is produced further provides the nutrient required for growth.The present invention all overcomes the shortcoming of other propagation methods using the integrated quick-breeding method of cuttage grafting, is a kind of innovation, shaping is quick, bloom in advance and quality better, production cost are low, income is high, instant effect, seedling quality are good new quick-breeding method.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to camellia reproduction technique field, more particularly to a kind of fast numerous side of camellia cuttage grafting integration
Method.
Background technology
Camellia (Camellia) is to view and admire the plant such as the kind for Main Cultivation purpose, mutation, kind in Theaceae Camellia
The general designation of species matter, alias camellia, datura tree, resistance to winter, river camellia, East China camellia etc., it is evergreen broadleaved shrub or little Qiao
Wood.Camellia is wide in variety, has red, light red, white, powder, purple, black and secondary color etc., pattern is gorgeous colorful, and flower-shape is changeful and with one
Contamination resistance is determined, with very high ornamental value, economic value and social value.Camellia originates from China, is the ten of China
One of big famous flower, there is long cultivation history, very popular since ancient times, also enjoys high reputation in the world, wide
General introduction and plantation.Most camellia kind florescences concentrate on March in December to next year, are often viewed and admired greening-tree as splendid
Plant and be used for being used as Landscape arrangement in park, garden.Potted plant camellia is also introduced into guest room, study and balcony and carries out point in recent years
Sew, potted plant camellia is produced in batches on Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong and Jiangsu and other places, become main potted plant of flowers market winter
One of ornamencal flower and tree, is loved by people as annual flower.But existing camellia reproduction speed far can not meet people day
The need for benefit increases, and existing reproductive efficiency is not high, camellia is produced excessive cycle, and corresponding production cost increase is caused
The market price of camellia is higher, also causes camellia from being accepted extensively by the masses.
At present, existing camellia method for culturing seedlings is usually to use following four propagation method：(1) cottage method：Cuttage refers to
Cuttage is directly carried out with the cutting of the semi-lignified of camellia kind, the advantage of this method is can be with amount reproduction, and method is simple, shortcoming
It is survival rate by the different and different of camellia kind, some kinds are high, and some kinds are low, but it is long all to there is cultivation period,
Production cost is higher.(2) stock grafting method is done with red dew treasure：Zhejiang one carries the industry for specially producing the precious stock of red dew, red
The precious stock ample supply and prompt delivery of dew.Have the disadvantage that be in hot and humid environment easily grows substantial amounts of disease pest to the precious stock of red dew for a long time
Evil, especially branch-rot, it is almost crushing dead after -5 years 3 years to introduce the precious stock of red dew in South China, it is related
Camellia scion through grafting survival withered death together, suffers heavy losses.Such as the old villages and small towns in Shunde District of Foshan City in applicant location
Plantation camellia basin seedling and the historical custom of sale are have, the precious stock of red dew in three batches of Zhejiang is introduced respectively between 2007-2008
Camellia grafting production is carried out, then a large amount of red precious stock morbidities of dew of appearance are dried up successively after 2009, related long shaping
Grafting camellia is withered together, suffers heavy losses.(3) engrafting method after oil tea cuttage root-taking：First with the thick Gaozhou county oil in 2.5cm of stem
Tea branch carries out cuttage, carries out the grafting of other camellia kinds again after being taken root after its half a year to 1 year and be stable.The method will
The branch that Large Oil tea bush trimmer is got off carries out twice laid, turns waste into wealth, but it is low, raw to there is cultivation period length, survival rate
Produce the high shortcoming of cost.(4) engrafting method after Wild Camellia oleifera Abel is transplanted：It is integrally to carry out tea as stock with local Gaozhou oil-tea camellia tree
The method of flower grafting, is typically all directly to go to band root in mountain to excavate whole strain Wild Camellia oleifera Abel tree belt back into cultivation after row pruning cutting strunk
Plant, carry out the grafting of other camellia kinds after waiting growth stable again.One tea oil tree can only develop one plant of camellia, although with into
Type goes out garden time shorter advantage than very fast, but has that breeding coefficient is low, and production cost is high, and to wild resource and ecology
Environment causes great destruction, and excessive excavation can cause wild oil tea resource increasingly exhausted, cause soil erosion.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is exactly that a kind of survival rate provided to solve the deficiency of prior art is high, yield is big, into
Type is quick, Blooming, cultivation period is short, save production cost, the camellia cuttage grafting preserved the ecological environment with wild resource
Integrated quick-breeding method.
The present invention is to realize above-mentioned purpose using following technical solution：A kind of camellia cuttage grafting integration is fast numerous
Method, it is characterised in that it is by carrying out cuttage, such thick cutting to the thick oil tea branch in 3.0cm of perennial stem
The more nutriment inside having can take root for taking out with scion for cutting base portion slightly provides certain nutrient, can promote fast short-term training
Type；The grafting of purpose camellia kind scion is carried out on cutting top simultaneously, purpose camellia is wide in variety high ornamental, suitable using having
The camellia kind of fine quality should be waited by force；Scion retains 2-3 piece full leafs, carries out photosynthesis as functional leaf, photosynthesis is not
Medium well into nutrient sustainably for tachyauxesis provide required for consumption nutriment；Nutriment is by constantly defeated downwards
The base portion of cutting is sent to, further promotes cutting Rapid Rooting, the top of Root Absorption moisture conveying to branch so that scion is obtained
Quickly leaf development slightly tachyauxesis can be taken out to enough moisture, to reach the purpose of high efficiency seedling cultivating and high yield ability.
As a further illustration of the above scheme, be that camellia with the thick oil tea cutting in 3cm of perennial stem is done into stock,
Its specific steps includes：
A, clip cutting：Choose the thick oil tea branch in 3.0cm of stem make in cutting, such thick cutting nutriment compared with
Many, can take root for taking out with scion for cutting base portion slightly provides certain nutrient, can be with rapid shaping.The long 25-30cm of cutting, top from
Bud 0.2-0.3cm straight snips, stays 2-3 piece full leafs, and tiltedly horse ear shape is cut into from cutting base portion 0.3-1cm；NAA (naphthalenes are first used before cuttage
Acetic acid) mixed solution that mixes according to a certain percentage with IBA (indolebutyric acid) handles 10-15min to cutting base portion, uses bamboo
Label insert an aperture in matrix, and the cutting handled well is inserted in container, and embedded depth is the 1/3 of cutting length, and cutting is inserted
Compressed after entering, water of being drenched immediately after inserting；
B, scion clip：Camellia scion will be selected in tree crown, the healthy and strong disease-free branch of top peripheral, and branch is aging, bud
Eye is full, and terminal bud does not start lamina also；Scion will with adopting with connecing, in the collection of the fine day morning, adopt it is lower after except the 2-3 pieces that need to retain
The outer rest blade of full leaf is all cut off, and carries out moisturizing；
C, grafting：The engrafting method connect using peeling, first at the back side 1.0-2.0cm of bud, cuts one under camellia scion
The 2.0-3.0cm long bevel of smooth, smooth horse ear shape, then cut the small of long 0.5-0.8cm or so at long bevel back side tip and cut
Face, forms a wedge shape；Section is scabbled in cutting, is selected in the smooth side of cutting skin, and it is deep to pass through cortex from section mouth
Up to standardized more slightly shorter longitudinal incision of bevel longer than scion of xylem, cortex is chosen out to the left and right with point of a knife along the edge of a knife, scion
Access otch；If scion is slightly difficult very much insertion, a 3cm or so triangular incision wide at the top and narrow at the bottom is cut in cutting, is easy to handle
Scion is inserted；The long bevel of horse ear shape will be to inner close fitting when inserting, and lightly to insert, and makes the long bevel of scion and cutting forming layer
Alignment and exposed 0.5cm bevel are outside cutting；
D, binding：It is seated after scion, carries out moisturizing, fixation.It is with several circles in plastic sheeting band winding cutting top that scion is tight
Real colligation is in cutting, while being sealed the section of cutting with plastic film tape, prevents the influence growth of section evaporation water loss.Then
Special grafting polybag is put, polybag is tightened below interface；
Management after E, grafting：Spray 2-3 times daily, keeps relative air humidity 70%-80%, promotes after cuttage grafting
Rooting of cuttings；21 DEG C -27 DEG C of the temperature that it is suitable that grafting camellia heals is maintained the temperature at, promotes graft union healing；Autumn grafting
18-25 days after connecing, checking in time for 12-17 days after connecing for spring grafting is survived, when camellia scion lamina and after extract budling out,
An osculum can be opened on bag top ventilated, young leaves is gradually adapted to external environment, selected during to scion budling pumping to 6-10cm
Overcast and rainy or polybag of dismantling at dusk is selected, while all cutting off the nutrition branch on stock and the rudiment of new pumping.In the 5-11 months
It is in the light with 75%-85% shading nets, prevents sun light direct beam；Cold districts are newly taken out slightly to camellia it is noted that Insulation.
Further, before cuttage, container and matrix are got ready in advance, upper bag as substrate yellow soil, peat soil press volume 1:1
Mixing, adds the organic fertilizer become thoroughly decomposed in right amount, mainly based on peanut press pulp, soya-bean cake, is well mixed, sieving pack, is drenched before cuttage
Water.
Further, shade rate is built above container seedling and is 75%-85% shady net, and keeps 70%-80% air
Relative humidity.
Further, before grafting, prepare when transportable shading shed is used for grafting wind sheltering and keep away strong light, prepare to transfer
Connect knife and grafting plastic film tape and special plastic bag.
Further, in the management process after the grafting of the step E, when root has not yet been formed, weight percent can be applied
Than the biphosphate potassium foliage fertilizer for 0.2%.
Further, in the management process after the grafting of the step E, keep promoting the suitable air of rooting of cuttings
Relative humidity 70%-80%；Keep promoting 21 DEG C -27 DEG C of the preference temperature of grafting camellia graft union healing.
Further, in the management process after the grafting of the step E, grafting survival situation is checked in time, and autumn transfers
Connect 18-25 days after connecing, spring grafting after connecing 12-17 days in time check., can be in bag after budling is extracted in camellia scion out
It is ventilated that an osculum is opened on top, young leaves is gradually adapted to external environment, to scion budling pumping to selecting overcast and rainy during 6-10cm
It dismantles polybag at dusk.
Further, in the management process after the grafting of the step E, cutting should remove bud in time, in order to avoid consume excessively
Nutrient and the growth for influenceing camellia scion；Need not cover shading net for cloudy cloudy weather, if after connecing meet High temperature when if
Shading net must be capped.
Further, in the step E, anthracnose, the leafhopper prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control should also be focused on.
Preferably, stock is done using the thick Gaozhou oil-tea camellia cutting in 3cm of perennial stem, nutriment is more, affinity
By force, survival rate is high, and shaping is quick, blooms in advance and quality better.
Preferably, camellia scion retains 2-3 piece full leafs as functional leaf, can carry out photosynthesis synthesis nutriment, can
Further provide for the nutrient of consumption required for growing.
Preferably, to the mixed solution of cutting base portion processing mixed by 250mg/L NAA and 250mg/L IBA before cuttage
Conjunction is formed.
The beneficial effect that the present invention can be reached using above-mentioned technical solution is：
The present invention, using the integral method quick-breeding method of cuttage grafting, is under by the multiple, experimental conditions of multi items, through many
Secondary contrast repeatedly, easy to learn easy to operate, survival rate is up to more than 95%；The camellia thick Gaozhou oil-tea camellia in 3cm of perennial stem
Cutting does that nutriment in stock, such thick cutting is more, and can take root for taking out with scion for cutting base portion slightly provides certain support
Point, but also can be with rapid shaping.The discarded oil tea branch twice laid that Pruning and rectifying can be got off, environmental protection is saved
Cost, and affinity is strong, Flowering quality is good, and scion is used with high camellia kind that is ornamental, adapting to the fine quality such as strong, is connect
Fringe retains 2-3 piece full leafs, carries out photosynthesis as functional leaf, the nutrient that photosynthesis is continuously generated is sustainably acceleration life
The long nutriment for providing required consumption.Survival rate improves more than 30%, and growth is quick, can not only shift to an earlier date 1.0-
The time of 1.5 years enters florescence, and the time that camellia commercial seedling also can at least shift to an earlier date more than 1.5-2 goes out garden, enters to enter the market
, greatly save production cost and reduce the market price of camellia commercial seedling；Understood by multiple experiment, it is of the invention
Under the conditions of specified temp, humidity etc., with fabulous effect.
Embodiment
The technical program is explained in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiment.
The present invention is a kind of integrated quick-breeding method of camellia cuttage grafting, is to do stock with perennial Gaozhou oil-tea camellia cutting,
The fast numerous key of camellia cuttage grafting integration is cuttage graft technology, and easy to learn easy to operate, survival rate is up to more than 95%.Camellia
Stock is done with the thick Gaozhou oil-tea camellia cutting in 3cm of perennial stem, the discarded oil tea branch waste that Pruning and rectifying can be got off
Utilize, environmental protection is cost-effective, and affinity is strong, bloom in advance and quality better, scion using high sight, adapt to strong
Camellia improved seeds.It is by carrying out cuttage, such thick cutting internal memory to the thick oil tea branch in 3.0cm of perennial stem
The more nutriment having can take root for taking out with scion for cutting base portion slightly provides certain nutrient, can promote rapid shaping.
The grafting of purpose camellia scion is carried out on cutting top simultaneously, scion retains 2-3 piece full leafs, photosynthetic make is carried out as functional leaf
With the nutriment of consumption required for the nutrient that photosynthesis is continuously generated sustainably provides for tachyauxesis.Nutrients
Matter is constantly fed downwardly into the base portion of cutting, further promotes cutting Rapid Rooting, and Root Absorption moisture conveying arrives branch
Top so that scion, which obtains enough moisture, quickly leaf development to take out slightly tachyauxesis, to reach high efficiency seedling cultivating and high yield ability
Purpose.It is described further below in conjunction with specific embodiment：
(1), the preparation of matrix
Upper bag as substrate yellow soil, peat soil press volume 1:1 mixing, can add the organic fertilizer become thoroughly decomposed in right amount, mainly with flower
Based on raw bran, soya-bean cake etc., it is well mixed, sieving pack.
(2), cutting clip
Choose the thick perennial Gaozhou oil-tea camellia branch in 3.0cm, the healthy and strong, no disease and pests harm that faces south of stem and make cutting, it is such
Nutriment is more in thick cutting, can be taken root for cutting base portion and take out nutrient needed for slightly providing with scion, but also can be quick
Shaping.2-3 piece leaves are stayed in the long 25-30cm of cutting, top from bud 0.2-0.3cm straight snips, and tiltedly horse is cut into from cutting base portion 0.5cm
Ear shape, cutting with adopt with insert.First with 250mg/L methyl α-naphthyl acetates and 250mg/L indolebutyric acids mixed solution to cutting base portion before cuttage
10-15min is handled, an aperture is inserted in matrix with bamboo stick, the cutting handled well is inserted in container, embedded depth is that cutting is long
The 1/3 of degree, is compressed after cutting is inserted, water of being drenched immediately after inserting, you can carry out grafting.
(3), scion clip
Camellia scion will be selected in tree crown, the healthy and strong disease-free branch of top peripheral, and branch is aging, and eye is full, terminal bud
Do not start lamina also.Scion will with adopting with connecing, in the collection of the fine day morning, adopt it is lower after in addition to the 2-3 piece full leafs that need to retain remaining
Blade is all cut, and carries out moisturizing.
(4), grafting
First under camellia scion at the back side 1.0-2.0cm of bud, smooth, the smooth horse ear shape for cutting a 2.0-3.0cm is long
Bevel, then long 0.5-0.8cm or so small bevel is cut at long bevel back side tip, form a wedge shape；Section is scabbled in cutting, choosing
In the side that cutting skin is smooth, cortex is passed through as deep as standardized bevel slightly shorter one longer than scion of xylem from section mouth
The longitudinal incision of point, chooses out cortex with point of a knife along the edge of a knife, scion is accessed otch to the left and right；If scion is slightly difficult very much insertion, inserting
A 3cm or so triangular incision wide at the top and narrow at the bottom is cut on bar, is easy to scion to insert；The long bevel of horse ear shape is inside when inserting
Be close to, and lightly to insert, make the long bevel of scion be aligned with cutting forming layer and exposed 0.5cm bevel outside cutting.
(5), bind：It is seated after scion, carries out moisturizing, fixation.Enclosed with plastic sheeting band winding cutting top is several by scion
Consolidation colligation is in cutting, while being sealed the section of cutting with plastic film tape, prevents the influence growth of section evaporation water loss.So
Special grafting polybag, tightens polybag below interface in rear enclosure.
(6), the management after grafting
The fast numerous key of cuttage grafting integration be shading, moisturizing, ventilation, except bud.
Shading：Shading net must be capped if when High temperature is met after connecing, cloudy cloudy weather need not cover shading net, transfer
Seedlings picking can not be by the long-term exposure of direct sunlight, it may appear that the too high rising dehydration of temperature makes scion dead, is built on grafting
The shading screen that one shading rate is 75%-85%, healing preference temperature is at 21 DEG C -27 DEG C.Cold districts are newly taken out to camellia
Slightly it is noted that Insulation.
Moisturizing：Spray 2-3 times daily, is unable to ponding after cuttage grafting during water drenching, otherwise easily rotten, keeps air relatively wet
70%-80% is spent, promotes to take root.
Ventilation：Autumn grafting 18-25 days after connecing, spring grafting after connecing 12-17 days in time check survive, work as tea
Flower scion is extracted out after budling, and it is ventilated to open an osculum on bag top, young leaves is gradually adapted to external environment, to scion budling
Overcast and rainy or polybag of dismantling at dusk is selected when pumping is to 6-10cm.
Except bud：The nutrition branch in cutting and the budling of new pumping should be cut off in time, in order to avoid consume nutrient excessively and influence tea
The growth of flower scion.
(7), the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
Seedling stage diseases and pests are mainly anthracnose (Colletotrichum camelliae Mass.) and tea lesser leafhopper
(Empoasca pirisuga Matumura).Camellia nitidissima anthracnose main harm blade, fruit and tender tip, thermophilic morbidity is 25
DEG C -28 DEG C, the 4-8 months happen occasionally.The 1000 times of liquid sprayings of 700 times of Bravos of early stage or 70% thiophanate, peak period of falling ill
Sprayed with 2000 times of Kai Run (25% pyrrole pyraoxystrobin) and general excellent prosperous (25% Difenoconazole) 1500 times of mixed liquors.Tea lesser leafhopper
In 12-13 generation, occurred in 1 year for Guangdong, and tea tree tender tip leaf sap is inhaled with adult, nymph thorn, and aggrieved blade tip, leaf margin become reddish brown dried-up
Come off, sprouting is reduced, or even can not be germinateed.2000 times of liquid of worm quinoline or 1000-1500 times of liquid of 25% Biphenthrin can be given a tongue-lashing with 10%
Based on spraying.
The fast numerous basin seedling contrast test situation table of camellia part kind
Statistics in the form derives from the data in Shunde camellia plant development base yunxiang tea garden,
It is that since camellia tracking bright red and strong perfume (or spice) of hexagonal starting the time point of production be respectively provided with high sight and in recent years in the whole nation
The camellia kind that in the market enjoys great popularity, the florescence, the big safflower of hexagonal was peony in the March in December then to Second Year, and branch is numerous
Ye Lv；Strong fragrant flower pink, was in recent years preferred lunar New Year pot flowers on flower market with unique fragrance.Go out what the garden time referred to
Be since camellia basin seedling production to longer, the production cost that can sell period for moving towards market, period in more long then cycle
It is higher.Cost contains the cost of dead plant.Price is the wholesale price per basin camellia, and annual price can basis
The a little fluctuation of market, but it is overall more steady.Price herein is the average price of several years statistics.Can be with from data
Find out, the reason for influenceing camellia quality is mainly the specific propagation method of camellia, and with camellia kind then without much relations.
Five kinds of camellia quick-breeding methods as shown in the table, are characterized in：
(1) cuttage refers to directly carry out cuttage with the cutting of the semi-lignified of camellia kind, and the advantage of this method is can be big
Amount breeding, method is simple, has the disadvantage that growth cycle is long, survival rate is not high.
(2) engrafting method refers to first carry out cuttage with the Gaozhou oil-tea camellia branch more than 2.5cm after oil tea cuttage root-taking, treats it
The grafting of other camellia kinds is taken root and carried out again in the cutting taken root after stable after half a year to 1 year.Advantage is to become useless
For treasured, the branch that Large Oil tea bush trimmer is got off is subjected to twice laid, has the disadvantage that cycle length, survival rate are low.
(3) advantage for doing stock grafting method with red dew treasure is that the precious stock source of goods of red dew ensures that Zhejiang one is with special raw
The industry of the precious stock of the red dew of production.Have the disadvantage that be in hot and humid environment easily grows substantial amounts of disease to the precious stock of red dew for a long time
Insect pest, especially branch-rot, introduce the almost crushing death after 3-5 of the red precious stock of dew in South China, it is related
Camellia scion through grafting survival withered death together, suffers heavy losses.
(4) engrafting method refers to that tea oil tree of the whole strain with root is dug back in mountain to be carried out after pruning cutting strunk after Wild Camellia oleifera Abel is transplanted
Plant or upper basin, carry out the grafting of other camellia kinds to it again after waiting growth stable.One tea oil tree can only develop one plant of tea
Flower, although with shaping than very fast, goes out garden time shorter advantage, but has that breeding coefficient is low, and production cost is high, and to open country
Production-goods source and ecological environment cause great destruction, and excessive excavation can cause wild oil tea resource increasingly exhausted, cause water
Soil is lost in.
(5) the integral method of cuttage grafting refers to choose the thick perennial Gaozhou oil-tea camellia branch cutting in 3.0cm of stem, such
Nutriment is more in thick cutting, and can take root for taking out with scion for cutting base portion slightly provides certain nutrient, but also can be quick
Shaping.The grafting of other camellia kinds is carried out in cutting simultaneously.Advantage：Twice laid is carried out, is turned waste into wealth, protecting ecology ring
Border and wild resource, cost are extremely low, and survival rate is high, and the blade in scion carries out photosynthesis and conveys nutrient to rooting of cuttings, makes
Obtain rooting of cuttings quick, and absorb moisture and be delivered up to scion so that scion is absorbed to enough nutrients and extracts young leaves out earlier
Newly slightly, grow quick, bloom in advance and quality better, cultivation period is greatly shortened.
The present invention compared with prior art, using the integrated fast breeding technique survival rate of cuttage grafting to more than 95%, has
Have twice laid, turn waste into wealth, preserve the ecological environment and wild resource, production cost is extremely low, survival rate is high, fast growth,
Shaping is fast, bloom in advance and quality better, the advantages of cycle is short, has more nutriment to be cutting base in the thick cutting of oil tea
Portion, which takes root for taking out with scion, slightly provides certain nutrient, can promote rapid shaping.Retain 2-3 piece full leafs in scion, be used as function
Leaf carries out photosynthesis, the nutrition of consumption required for the nutrient that photosynthesis is continuously generated sustainably provides for tachyauxesis
Material.Nutriment is constantly fed downwardly into the base portion of cutting, further promotes cutting Rapid Rooting, and Root Absorption moisture is defeated
It is sent to the top of branch so that scion, which obtains enough moisture, quickly leaf development to take out slightly tachyauxesis, and growth is quick, the cycle
It is short, income instant effect；And other conventional potted plant camellia fast breeding techniques as application it is red dew treasure do stock grafting survival rate if less than
1%；It is 80% or so with graft survival rate after wild Gaozhou oil-tea camellia transplant survival, but it is long with growth cycle, and cost is high, and
Excavate the shortcoming that wild resource destroys ecological environment；Engrafting method is then that the cycle is oversize, survival rate after oil tea branch cutting is taken root
Again the shortcomings of low, income slowly effect；Cuttage grafting integration fast breeding technique then all overcomes the shortcoming of other propagation methods, is
A kind of innovation, shaping is quick, bloom in advance and quality better, production cost are low, income is high, instant effect, seedling quality are good
New quick-breeding method.
It is worth noting that, the technical program can apply breeding in potted plant camellia, it can similarly apply
Ground plants breeding for camellia.
Above-described is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for one of ordinary skill in the art
For, without departing from the concept of the premise of the invention, various modifications and improvements can be made, these belong to the present invention
Protection domain.
Claims (10)
1. the integrated quick-breeding method of a kind of camellia cuttage grafting, it is characterised in that it is by thick in 3.0cm to perennial stem
Oil tea branch carry out cuttage, after cuttage is complete immediately cutting top carry out purpose camellia kind scion grafting, scion retain
2-3 piece full leafs, photosynthesis is carried out as functional leaf.
2. the integrated quick-breeding method of camellia cuttage grafting according to claim 1, it is characterised in that it is that camellia is used into many
Year, stock was done in the raw thick oil tea cutting in 3.0cm of stem, and its specific steps includes：
A, clip cutting：Choose the thick oil tea branch in 3.0cm of stem and make cutting, the long 25-30cm of cutting, top is from bud 0.2-
0.3cm straight snips, stays 2-3 piece full leafs, and tiltedly horse ear shape is cut into from cutting base portion 0.3-1cm；Before cuttage first with NAA and IBA according to
The mixed solution that certain proportion is mixed handles 10-15min to the base portion of cutting, and an aperture is inserted in matrix, will be handled well
Cuttings be inserted in container, embedded depth is the 1/3 of cutting length, is compressed after cuttings is inserted, and is drenched immediately water after inserting；
B, scion clip：Camellia scion will be selected in tree crown, the healthy and strong disease-free branch of top peripheral, and branch is aging, and eye is satisfied
Full, terminal bud does not start lamina also；Scion will with adopting with connecing, in the collection of the fine day morning, adopt it is lower after except the 2-3 piece full leafs that need to retain
Outer rest blade is all cut off, and carries out moisturizing；
C, grafting：The engrafting method connect using peeling, first at the back side 1.0-2.0cm of bud, cuts a 2.0- under camellia scion
The 3.0cm long bevel of smooth, smooth horse ear shape, then cut long 0.5-0.8cm or so small bevel, shape at long bevel back side tip
Into a wedge shape；Section is scabbled in cutting, is selected in the smooth side of cutting skin, and cortex is passed through as deep as wooden from section mouthful
Standardized of the portion more slightly shorter longitudinal incision of bevel longer than scion, cortex is chosen out along the edge of a knife to the left and right with point of a knife, and scion access is cut
Mouthful；If scion is slightly difficult very much insertion, a 3cm or so triangular incision wide at the top and narrow at the bottom is cut in cutting, is easy to scion to insert
Enter；The long bevel of horse ear shape will be to inner close fitting when inserting, and lightly to insert, and the long bevel of scion is aligned simultaneously with cutting forming layer
Exposed 0.5cm bevel is outside cutting；
D, binding：It is seated after scion, carries out moisturizing, fixation.Scion consolidation colligation is existed with several circles of plastic sheeting band winding cutting
In cutting, while the section of cutting is sealed with plastic film tape, then put special grafting polybag, modeling below interface
Pocket is tightened；
Management after E, grafting：Spray 2-3 times daily, keeps relative air humidity 70%-80%, promotes cutting after cuttage grafting
Take root；21 DEG C -27 DEG C of the temperature that it is suitable that grafting camellia heals is maintained the temperature at, promotes graft union healing.Autumn grafting is connecing
18-25 days afterwards, checking in time for 12-17 days after connecing for spring grafting was survived, when camellia scion lamina and after extract budling out, can be
It is ventilated that an osculum is opened on bag top, young leaves is gradually adapted to external environment, to scion budling pumping to selecting cloudy during 6-10cm
Rainy day or polybag of dismantling at dusk, while all cutting off the nutrition branch on stock and the rudiment of new pumping.Used in the 5-11 months
75%-85% shading nets are in the light, and prevent sun light direct beam；Cold districts are newly taken out slightly to camellia it is noted that Insulation.
3. the integrated quick-breeding method of camellia cuttage grafting according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that before cuttage, carry
Before get container and matrix ready, upper bag as substrate yellow soil, peat soil press volume 1:1 mixing, adds the organic fertilizer become thoroughly decomposed in right amount, main
To be well mixed based on peanut press pulp, soya-bean cake, sieving pack, water of being drenched before cuttage.
4. the integrated quick-breeding method of camellia cuttage grafting according to claim 3, it is characterised in that taken above container seedling
Build shade rate and be 75%-85% shady net, and keep 70%-80% relative air humidities.
5. the integrated quick-breeding method of camellia cuttage grafting according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that before grafting, prepare
Wind sheltering and strong light is kept away when one transportable shading shed is used for grafting, prepare grafting knife and grafting plastic film tape and special modeling
Pocket.
6. the integrated quick-breeding method of camellia cuttage grafting according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the step E's
In management process after grafting, when root has not yet been formed, the biphosphate potassium foliage fertilizer that percentage by weight is 0.2% can be applied.
7. the integrated quick-breeding method of camellia cuttage grafting according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the step E's
In management process after grafting, keep promoting the suitable relative air humidity 70%-80% of rooting of cuttings；Keep promoting grafting tea
Flower 21 DEG C -27 DEG C of preference temperature of healing.
8. the integrated quick-breeding method of camellia cuttage grafting according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the step E's
In management process after grafting, in time check grafting survival situation, autumn grafting 18-25 days after connecing, spring grafting
Connect inspection in time in latter 12-17 days；When camellia scion lamina and after extract budling out, it is ventilated to open an osculum on bag top, makes
Young leaves gradually adapts to external environment, and overcast and rainy or polybag of dismantling at dusk is selected during to scion budling pumping to 6-10cm.
9. the integrated quick-breeding method of camellia cuttage grafting according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the step E's
In management process after grafting, the nutrition branch in cutting and the budling of new pumping should be cut off in time, for cloudy cloudy weather not
Shading net must be covered, if after connecing meet High temperature when if must be capped shading net.
10. the integrated quick-breeding method of camellia cuttage grafting according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that using perennial
Stock is done in the thick Gaozhou oil-tea camellia cutting in 3.0cm of stem, carries out grafting after cutting cuttage immediately；It is complete that camellia scion retains 2-3 pieces
Leaf is used as functional leaf；To the mixed solution of cutting base portion processing mixed by 250mg/L NAA and 250mg/L IBA before cuttage
Form.
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| CN107690926A (en) * | 2017-11-24 | 2018-02-16 | 广西宝树金花茶有限公司 | A kind of Camellia nitidissima plantation and potted plant maintenance process |
| CN108124721A (en) * | 2017-10-31 | 2018-06-08 | 湖南多彩生态农业有限公司 | Camellia stock substrate soil and its method for planting |
| CN108307837A (en) * | 2018-04-28 | 2018-07-24 | 张掖市华峰农业开发有限责任公司 | A kind of slotting skin engrafting method of nursery stock |
| CN108633517A (en) * | 2018-04-09 | 2018-10-12 | 广西壮族自治区中国科学院广西植物研究所 | A kind of engrafting method of Camellia nitidissima high-survival rate |
| CN109769862A (en) * | 2019-03-25 | 2019-05-21 | 湖南省林大油茶有限公司 | A kind of oil tea cuttage root-taking agent |
| CN111657041A (en) * | 2020-06-28 | 2020-09-15 | 南京农业大学 | Efficient rapid propagation method for improving tea seedling resistance |
| CN114128501A (en) * | 2020-09-03 | 2022-03-04 | 江苏同仁园林工程有限公司 | Ecological reproduction method of camellia |
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