CN106917263B - 一种利用废弃醋酸纤维制备重金属离子交换纤维的方法 - Google Patents
一种利用废弃醋酸纤维制备重金属离子交换纤维的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种利用废弃醋酸纤维制备重金属离子交换纤维的方法。所述方法步骤如下:一、先将集中回收的醋酸纤维(烟头过滤嘴)用沸水蒸煮,然后用盐酸溶液浸泡,烘干后保存待用;二、将步骤一预处理后的醋酸纤维加入到活性单体络合基团溶液中,油浴加热,反应冷却后取出材料,洗涤三遍后将产物置于烘箱内烘干至恒重,得到重金属离子交换纤维。本发明在制备过程中采用回收的废弃烟头作为离子交换纤维的基体材料,废品回收能够节能环保,防止产生过多的消费垃圾,对国家的环境保护和资源的循环利用做出最大的贡献。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于水处理技术领域,涉及一种利用废弃醋酸纤维制备重金属离子交换纤维的方法及应用,尤其对于含铬废水的处置。
背景技术
重金属污染是危害最大的水污染问题之一。重金属通过矿山开采,金属冶炼,金属加工及化工生产废水,化石燃料的燃烧,施用农药化肥和生活垃圾等人为污染源,以及地质侵蚀,风化等天然源形式进入水体,加之重金属具有毒性大,在环境中不易被代谢,易被生物富集并有生物放大效应等特点,不但污染水环境,也严重威胁人类和水生生物的生存。
可见,水体重金属污染已成为全球性的环境污染问题,并且严重影响着儿童和成人的身体健康乃至生命,如人体若摄取了过多的钼元素会导致痛风样综合症,关节痛及畸形,肾脏受损,并有生长发育迟缓,动脉硬化,结蒂组织变性等病症。当前,儿童铅中毒,重金属致胎儿畸形,砷中毒等事件也屡有发生,使重金属污染成为关系到人类健康和生命的重大环境问题。
目前,人们对水体重金属污染问题已有相对深入的研究,同时采取了多种方法对重金属废水和污染的水体进行处理和修复,主要采用混凝沉淀方法,该方法虽能使水体中的溶解态重金属含量达标,但水体中重金属的总量并未下降,而且还存在投资高、处置效率低、现场适用性较差和极易引发二次污染等问题。采用吸附法去除水中污染物不需要添加其他药剂,反应速度快,处理效率高,易于操作且适用性广,比混凝沉淀法更有优势。
人们在吸烟的时候,通常只消耗一支香烟的4/5-2/3,而剩余的1/5-1/3则作为垃圾被随手丢弃。世界卫生组织指出,到2025年,全球烟民人数将升至17亿人以上。据悉,在13亿中国人口中约有3.5亿人是烟民,比美国的总人口还要多,并还在以每年300万人的速度增长,中国拥有世界上最大的烟草销售市场,例如2008年,我国共销费卷烟4408.9万箱,中国有60%的男性和4%的女性都是烟民,据世界卫生组织公布的数据,中国是世界最大的香烟生产国,烟民平均每人每天吸掉15.8支香烟,高于世界平均水平的13.6支,中国人自己消费世界上1/3的香烟,因此产生的废弃烟头数量庞大,亦对环境造成相当大的污染。
对烟头的回收主要对过滤嘴中海绵状的醋酸纤维加以利用,醋酸纤维结构式可表示为(C6H7O2)(OOCCH3)3n,由于其不易着火,可以用于制造纺织品、烟用滤嘴、片基、塑料制品等,醋酸长丝在化学纤维中酷似真丝,光泽优雅、染色鲜艳、染色牢度强,手感柔软滑爽、质地轻,回潮率低、弹性好、不易起皱,具有良好的悬垂性、热塑性、尺寸稳定性。
发明内容
为了解决目前重金属水污染处理技术匮乏、处置材料难于回收、效率低等现实问题,本发明提供了一种利用废弃醋酸纤维制备重金属离子交换纤维的方法及应用,该吸附方法简单,易操作,性能稳定,节省使用成本,具有重要的环境、经济意义,为污水处理材料的制备提供了一条新的思路,能够很好的解决上述问题。
本发明的目的可以通过以下技术方案实现:
一种利用废弃醋酸纤维制备重金属离子交换纤维的方法,该制备方法包括下述步骤:
一、醋酸纤维的预处理
先蒸煮醋酸纤维(烟头过滤嘴)一定时间,然后用盐酸溶液浸泡上述醋酸纤维一段时间,特定温度烘箱中烘干后保存;
二、预处理纤维的改性
将步骤一预处理后的醋酸纤维与络合基团活性单体按照一定的质量比加入到溶液中,在特定温度的油浴中反应特定时间,过滤洗涤后将产物置于特定温度烘箱内烘干至恒重,得到改性醋酸纤维材料,即重金属离子交换纤维。
所述步骤一中,蒸煮后的醋酸纤维(烟头过滤嘴)用质量浓度为5-20%的盐酸溶液浸泡10-20min。
所述步骤二中,络合基团活性单体为多聚甲醛或氯磺酸。
所述步骤二中,醋酸纤维与络合基团活性单体的质量比为1:3-12。
所述步骤二中,溶液为氯仿、乙二醇和二氯乙烷中的一种。
所述步骤二中,油浴中反应的特定温度为80-120℃,特定时间为60-90min。
所述步骤二中,烘箱中烘干温度为60-80℃。
所述方法制备的重金属离子交换纤维在重金属污染废水处理中的应用。
所述重金属离子交换纤维用于铬污染中铬离子的静态吸附。
所述重金属离子交换纤维的吸附步骤为:取1.0g改性醋酸纤维材料于螺口瓶中,室温下对100mL一系列浓度的铬离子溶液进行静态吸附30-40min,其吸附容量为33.6-55.3mg/g。
本发明的有益效果:
1、醋酸纤维基改性吸附材料制备方法简单,成本便宜,吸附效率高,一般40min就能达到吸附平衡,吸附容量达到33.6-55.3mg/g。
2、本发明选用的原材料醋酸纤维来源广泛,廉价易得,易于大批量生产。
3、本发明选用络合基团活性单体为多聚甲醛或氯磺酸,使得纤维基体上具有羰基和磺酸基,易与重金属离子形成络合物。
4、本发明快速研制的醋酸纤维基改性吸附材料机械强度高且保持纤维形状,使用灵活,便于回收利用,洗脱方法简单。
5、该吸附材料可以重复使用500次以上,吸附和脱附速度快,本身对环境无污染。
6、本发明制备改性醋酸纤维材料既可应用于实际突发重金属污染的吸附处理,也可应用于常规重金属废水的处理,解决了影响重金属水污染的处置效率及响应速度提高的瓶颈问题,具有重要的环境、经济意义。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明的技术方案作进一步的说明,但并不局限于此,凡是对本发明技术方案进行修改或者等同替换,而不脱离本发明技术方案的精神和范围,均应涵盖在本发明的保护范围中。
本发明在制备过程中采用回收的废弃烟头作为重金属离子交换纤维的基体材料,具有制备方法简单、原料廉价易得、吸附容量大,尤其对于重金属水污染的处理效率高且具有较强的稳定性,并且产品机械和化学稳定性好,使用方法简单,进一步提高了使用吸附剂的经济性和环保性。
实施例1:
一、醋酸纤维的预处理
先用沸水蒸煮原料醋酸纤维60min,然后用15%氢氧化钠浸泡10min后用去离子水洗涤至中性后置于80℃烘箱烘干;
二、预处理纤维的改性
将步骤一预处理后的醋酸纤维与氯磺酸以一定的质量配比(1:6)加入到乙二醇溶液中,在80℃油浴内反应60min,过滤洗涤后将产物置于60℃烘箱中烘干至恒重,得到改性醋酸纤维材料;
三、吸附实验
取上述方法制备的改性醋酸纤维材料1.0g于螺口瓶中,室温下对100mL一系列浓度的铬离子溶液进行静态吸附30min,其吸附容量为51.6mg/g。
实施例2:
一、醋酸纤维的预处理
先用沸水蒸煮原料醋酸纤维60min,然后用20%氢氧化钠浸泡15min后用去离子水洗涤至中性后置于80℃烘箱烘干;
二、预处理纤维的改性
将步骤一预处理后的醋酸纤维与氯磺酸以一定的质量配比(1:12)加入到乙二醇溶液中,在100℃油浴内反应80min,过滤洗涤后将产物置于70℃烘箱中烘干至恒重,得到改性醋酸纤维材料;
三、吸附实验
取上述方法制备的改性醋酸纤维材料1.0g于螺口瓶中,室温下对100mL一系列浓度的铬离子溶液进行静态吸附35min,其吸附容量为55.3mg/g。
实施例3:
一、醋酸纤维的预处理
先用沸水蒸煮原料醋酸纤维60min,然后用15%氢氧化钠浸泡10min后用去离子水洗涤至中性后置于80℃烘箱烘干;
二、预处理纤维的改性
将步骤一预处理后的醋酸纤维与氯磺酸以一定的质量配比(1:3)加入到乙二醇溶液中,在120℃油浴内反应90min,过滤洗涤后将产物置于80℃烘箱中烘干至恒重,得到改性醋酸纤维材料;
三、吸附实验
取上述方法制备的改性醋酸纤维材料1.0g于螺口瓶中,室温下对100mL一系列浓度的铬离子溶液进行静态吸附40min,其吸附容量为33.6mg/g。
实施例4:
实施例4将实施例1-3中的乙二醇替换为氯仿或者二氯乙烷,将络合基团活性单体氯磺酸替换为多聚甲醛。
以上内容仅仅是对本发明所作的举例和说明,所属本技术领域的技术人员对所描述的具体实施例做各种各样的修改或补充或采用类似的方式替代,只要不偏离发明或者超越本权利要求书所定义的范围,均应属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (5)
1.一种利用废弃醋酸纤维制备重金属离子交换纤维的方法,其特征在于,该制备方法包括下述步骤:
一、醋酸纤维的预处理
先用沸水蒸煮醋酸纤维,然后用质量浓度为5-20%的盐酸溶液浸泡10-20min,在烘箱中烘干后保存;
二、预处理纤维的改性
将步骤一预处理后的醋酸纤维与络合基团活性单体按照质量比为1:3-12加入到溶液中,其中络合基团活性单体为多聚甲醛或氯磺酸,在80-120℃的油浴中反应60-90min,过滤洗涤后将产物置温度为60-80℃的烘箱内烘干至恒重,得到改性醋酸纤维材料,即重金属离子交换纤维。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种利用废弃醋酸纤维制备重金属离子交换纤维的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤二中,溶液为氯仿、乙二醇和二氯乙烷中的一种。
3.一种权利要求1所述方法制备的重金属离子交换纤维在重金属污染废水处理中的应用。
4.根据权利要求3所述的应用,其特征在于,所述重金属离子交换纤维用于铬污染中铬离子的静态吸附。
5.根据权利要求4所述的应用,其特征在于,所述重金属离子交换纤维的吸附步骤为:取1.0g改性醋酸纤维材料于螺口瓶中,室温下对100mL一系列浓度的铬离子溶液进行静态吸附30-40min,其吸附容量为33.6-55.3mg/g。
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