CN106915197B - Preparation method of stacked ceramic plate decorative picture - Google Patents
Preparation method of stacked ceramic plate decorative picture Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN106915197B CN106915197B CN201710058997.XA CN201710058997A CN106915197B CN 106915197 B CN106915197 B CN 106915197B CN 201710058997 A CN201710058997 A CN 201710058997A CN 106915197 B CN106915197 B CN 106915197B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- ceramic plate
- glaze
- layer
- white glaze
- preparation
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
- B44C—PRODUCING DECORATIVE EFFECTS; MOSAICS; TARSIA WORK; PAPERHANGING
- B44C5/00—Processes for producing special ornamental bodies
- B44C5/04—Ornamental plaques, e.g. decorative panels, decorative veneers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
- B44C—PRODUCING DECORATIVE EFFECTS; MOSAICS; TARSIA WORK; PAPERHANGING
- B44C1/00—Processes, not specifically provided for elsewhere, for producing decorative surface effects
- B44C1/24—Pressing or stamping ornamental designs on surfaces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D11/00—Inks
- C09D11/02—Printing inks
- C09D11/10—Printing inks based on artificial resins
- C09D11/101—Inks specially adapted for printing processes involving curing by wave energy or particle radiation, e.g. with UV-curing following the printing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D11/00—Inks
- C09D11/30—Inkjet printing inks
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Finishing Walls (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a preparation method of a stacked ceramic plate decorative picture, which comprises the following steps: 1) performing sand blasting treatment on at least one part of the surface of the ceramic plate, removing a glaze layer on at least one part of the surface of the ceramic plate and enabling at least one part of the surface of the ceramic plate to form a frosted surface; 2) cleaning and drying the frosted surface of the ceramic plate prepared in the step 1), and then stacking and printing white glaze to form a three-dimensional stacked glaze pattern; 3) spraying and printing a color pattern on the surface of the ceramic plate prepared in the step 2); 4) sintering the ceramic plate prepared in the step 3). The invention firstly increases the adhesive force of pigment through sand blasting process treatment, then forms three-dimensional overglaze patterns through an additive overglaze process to achieve a three-dimensional 3D effect, and then forms colorful decorative effect through spray printing colorful patterns.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of ceramic building materials, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a ceramic board picture.
Background
In recent years, ceramic painting is popular among people as a novel decoration. The existing industrial batch production process of ceramic pictures mainly comprises the following three modes: the first is that the artistic picture is printed on the picture sticking paper, and then the picture sticking paper is stuck on the porcelain body and fired to form the ceramic tile; the second one is that patterns with various colors are directly printed on the ceramic blank by adopting screen printing, rubber roller printing and ink-jet printing, and transparent glaze is applied or transparent frits are piled for firing to obtain the ceramic blank; the third is to carve various patterns on the surface of the ceramic tile by a laser carving machine and then spray the required colors to process the ceramic tile. The ceramic artistic painting manufactured by the former two ways has the advantages of insufficient color, weak layering sense, poor artistry, limited product specification and high production cost; the third one is not fired, so that the color of the paint is easy to fade, easy to corrode, difficult to clean, easy to leave scratches to destroy the picture effect, and not durable. Chinese patent CN105272366A discloses a preparation method of a color-sprayed ceramic plate decorative picture, however, the three-dimensional 3D effect of the product prepared by the method is not strong enough. Chinese patent CN105620165A discloses a process for making a porcelain plate picture, which adopts a subtraction method, is limited to the thickness of the porcelain plate itself, has a single layer, and has only one layer due to the use of a process similar to masking abrasion, and the etched edge is relatively hard and has unnatural transition.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the existing ceramic plate painting preparation method and provides a preparation method of a ceramic plate decorative painting which has strong stereoscopic impression, good permeability, high fidelity and unique decorative effect.
The invention provides a preparation method of a stacked ceramic plate decorative picture, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) performing sand blasting treatment on at least one part of the surface of the ceramic plate, removing a glaze layer on at least one part of the surface of the ceramic plate and enabling at least one part of the surface of the ceramic plate to form a frosted surface;
2) cleaning and drying the frosted surface of the ceramic plate prepared in the step 1), layering for multiple times according to design requirements, and piling white glaze to form a three-dimensional piled glaze pattern;
3) spraying and printing a color pattern on the surface of the ceramic plate prepared in the step 2);
4) and (3) rapidly sintering the ceramic plate prepared in the step 3).
The invention firstly increases the adhesive force of pigment through sand blasting process treatment, then forms three-dimensional overglaze patterns through an additive overglaze process to achieve a three-dimensional 3D effect, and then forms colorful decorative effect through spray printing colorful patterns. The 'additive glaze stacking' means that digital files are layered, dot matrix images are stacked on a porcelain plate layer by layer, and after one layer of spray printing is finished, return spray printing is carried out for multiple times so as to meet the designed thickness requirement. The ceramic plate painting has strong stereoscopic impression, good permeability and high fidelity and has unique decorative effect. The invention adopts the mode of stacking particles (ink drops) layer by layer (each layer is made to decompose and transit by multi-layer accumulation through a digital file), so that the concave-convex transition of the picture is smoother and more natural.
Preferably, the ceramic plate has a specification of (900-1200) × (1800-3600) × (3.5-5.5) mm. The invention can be applied to large-size ultrathin ceramic plates. Preferably, the pressure of the sand blasting is 1 to 10kg/m3The flow rate is 5-20 m3And/min.
Preferably, in step 2), a white glaze layer is applied on the frosted surface or the whole surface of the ceramic plate, and then white glaze is layered and stacked on the white glaze layer for multiple times. The white glaze layer is applied to enable the ceramic base blank to achieve the whiteness of a printing base, and the white glaze is printed in a piling mode to achieve the main effect of piling pictures. By applying the white glaze layer, the color of the ceramic sheet blank can be covered, and the requirement of printing reference color is met.
Preferably, the composition of the white glaze comprises: 35% of polyester acrylate, 6% of trifunctional acrylate monomer, 0.2% of 510 powder (510 polymerization inhibitor), 40% of titanium dioxide, 5% of aldehyde hard resin (polyaldehyde resin), 4% of TPO, 0.5% of modified polyethylene wax powder, 5% of polyurethane acrylate, 4% of silane coupling agent (such as silane coupling agent (Y gamma) (Y-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane)) and 0.3% of wetting agent (wetting agent: specially modified, polyether siloxane copolymer).
Preferably, the thickness of the white glaze layer is 0.02-0.04 mm.
Preferably, in step 2), white glaze is overprinted according to a pre-designed glazing pattern by using a UV ink-jet printer.
Preferably, in the step 2), the white glaze is repeatedly piled for 3-5 times during piling and printing. Thereby a more rich stereoscopic 3D effect can be formed.
Preferably, in step 3), a UV inkjet printer is used to jet print the specified pattern.
Preferably, in step 4), the sintering is low-temperature rapid sintering, wherein the process parameters of the low-temperature rapid sintering include: the temperature of the UV lamp is 300-500 ℃, and the time is 3-8 minutes, preferably 5 minutes. And the printing ink and glaze on the surface of the product can be dried by low-temperature rapid sintering.
The ceramic plate decorative picture prepared by the invention can also be spliced in a fixed-point contraposition way and combined to form a pattern.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the ceramic plate adopted by the invention has light weight and large specification, adopts environment-friendly raw materials, has the characteristics of acid and alkali resistance and other chemical substance corrosion resistance, moisture resistance, water resistance and easy cleaning. The ceramic decorative product of the invention has strong stereoscopic impression and rich colors, and the colors, patterns and sizes can be customized according to the requirements of customers, thus having very high artistic value. The product has the characteristics of fire prevention, water resistance, moth prevention, mould prevention, convenience in cleaning, low manufacturing cost, strong decoration, convenience in construction and the like, can be expressed in various artistic forms such as traditional Chinese painting and oil painting, and can be widely applied to decoration of building interior walls, such as: television background wall, wall painting, vestibule decorative wall, ornament, etc. The ceramic product decorated by the ceramic material has high finished product rate, no shelter, more beautiful appearance and richer hand feeling; the performance indexes of the product meet the national standard, and the lead and cadmium dissolution amount can reach the national standards of Europe and America and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a theoretical model of the glaze depositing process of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a plan view of a theoretical model of the glaze depositing process of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing the effect of the glaze depositing process according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the following embodiments and the accompanying drawings, it being understood that the drawings and the following embodiments are illustrative of the invention only and are not limiting thereof.
The invention adopts the glaze stacking mode to manufacture decorative pictures on the ceramic plate: and (3) a computer 3D digital glazing process for three-dimensional presentation. The stereoscopic impression is strong, the permeability is good, the fidelity is high, have the unique decorative effect.
The method comprises the following steps: a ceramic plate is used, which can be a large-size ceramic plate, for example, the product specification of which can be 900mm × 1800mm × 3.5-5.5 mm, or 1200 × 2400 × (3.5-5.5) mm. Cut to a specified size according to the pattern size (the large sub-mosaic is not cut). In addition, the ceramic plate is preferably an eco-friendly ceramic plate. In one example, ceramic green product plates (e.g., models: CB5009M, CB3001M) from Mona Lisa group, Inc. are used. The ceramic plate adopted by the invention has light weight and large specification, adopts environment-friendly raw materials, has the corrosion resistance of chemical substances such as acid and alkali, has the moisture resistance and water resistance, and is easy to manage.
Step two: and (3) carrying out sand blasting and glaze removing treatment on the ceramic sheet with the determined size by using a carborundum air compressor. The depth of blasting can be adjusted by adjusting the air pressure and the abrasive. The pressure is generally 1 to 10kg/m3Preferably 2 to 7kg/m3The flow rate is 5-20 m3Preferably 8 to 12 m/min3A/min, more preferably 9.6m3And/min. The function of sand blasting is to remove the glazed layer on the surface of the ceramic sheet, so that a layer of frosted surface is formed on the surface of the green brick, thereby facilitating coloring. In addition, if the lines of the original ceramic plate need to be reserved, sand blasting can be carried out on part of the surface. If the lines of the original ceramic plate are not required to be reserved, sand blasting can be performed on the whole surface. Further, the abrasive used for blasting may be broadly referred to as an abrasive, i.e., not limited to silicon carbide. And cleaning the ceramic thin plate, and drying the surface of the ceramic thin plate. Preferably, the whole brick is coated with a layer of white glaze and dried. The composition of the white glaze may include: 35% of polyester acrylate, 6% of trifunctional acrylate monomer, 0.2% of 510 powder, 40% of titanium dioxide, 5% of aldehyde hard resin, 4% of TPO (2, 4, 6-trimethylbenzoyl-diphenyl phosphine oxide), 0.5% of modified polyethylene wax powder, 5% of polyurethane acrylate, 4% of silane coupling agent and 0.3% of wetting agent. The thickness of the white glaze layer may be 0.02-0.04 mm, for example, about 0.03 mm. The adhesive force of the pigment is increased through sand blasting treatment, the white glaze can cover the color of the ceramic thin slab, and the requirement of printing reference color is met (the working procedure can be omitted).
Step three: inputting the overglaze pattern file designed by the designer into the computer of the ink-jet printer.
Step four: the ceramic sheet treated in step two is positioned on a UV ink-jet printer, such as JERIX KX series 2030FRK and DILI NEO TITAN series UV printers.
Step five: and outputting patterns by a UV ink-jet printer to perform large-area high-precision white glaze stacking printing on the ceramic sheet. The invention adopts an additive glaze-stacking process. The piling printing of the white glaze can be carried out on the frosted surface or the white glaze layer. The white glaze in the overprint white glaze may be the same as the white glaze in the above-described white glaze layer. Fig. 1 and 2 respectively show a cross section and a plan view of a theoretical model of the glazing-stacking process of the invention. As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the present invention adopts a mode of stacking particles (ink droplets) layer by layer (each layer is made to decompose and transit multi-layer stacking through a digital file) to perform glaze stacking. The specific number of layers can be determined as desired. From the bottom up, the spreading area of each layer may gradually decrease. As shown in the left, middle and right diagrams of fig. 1 and 2, the overall shape of the stack may be selected as desired, for example, the overall shape may be adjusted by changing the amount of ink droplets and/or the dropping position of ink droplets in each layer. The total volume of the ink droplets may be 5000 to 15000 cubic micrometers. Fig. 3 shows a cross-sectional view of the practical effect of the glazing-stacking process of the present invention. Since the actual ink drop is 5000-15000 cubic micrometers, the final display effect is a smoother edge state. According to the invention, the glazing can be repeated for 3-5 times according to requirements, so that a three-dimensional (3D) effect is achieved. In one example, the white glaze ink employs imported proprietary environmentally friendly glaze inks JERIX and DILLI original ink.
Step six: and on the basis of the fifth step, outputting a pattern by a UV ink-jet printer to perform large-width plane high-precision jet printing color pattern manufacturing (pigment jet printing) on the ceramic sheet. In one example, the true color is restored using the imported proprietary environmentally friendly glaze inks JERIX and DILLI original ink.
Step seven: and (5) performing low-temperature rapid sintering on the semi-finished product treated in the step six (for example, the temperature of a UV lamp is 300-. The function of the method is to solidify and dry the printing ink and glaze on the surface of the product.
Claims (9)
1. A preparation method of a stacked carving ceramic plate decorative picture is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) performing sand blasting treatment on at least one part of the surface of the ceramic plate, removing a glaze layer on at least one part of the surface of the ceramic plate and enabling at least one part of the surface of the ceramic plate to form a frosted surface;
2) cleaning and drying the frosted surface of the ceramic plate prepared in the step 1), and then piling white glaze to form a three-dimensional piled glaze pattern, wherein a UV ink-jet printer is adopted to carry out additive piled glaze in a mode of stacking ink drops layer by layer, each layer is made to decompose and stack in multiple layers through a digital file, and the spreading area of each layer from bottom to top is gradually reduced; the overall stacked shape is adjusted by changing the ink drop amount and/or the drop position of each layer, so that the presenting effect of smoother edge state is obtained; the ink drop is 5000-15000 cubic microns;
in the step 2), a white glaze layer is applied on the frosted surface or the surface of the whole ceramic plate, and then white glaze is piled and printed on the white glaze layer;
3) spraying and printing a color pattern on the surface of the ceramic plate prepared in the step 2);
4) sintering the ceramic plate prepared in the step 3);
the ceramic plate has a specification of (900-1200) × (1800-2400) × (3.5-5.5) mm.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the blasting pressure in step 1) is 1 to 10kg/m3The flow rate is 5-20 m3And/min.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the composition of the white glaze comprises: 35% of polyester acrylate, 6% of trifunctional acrylate monomer, 0.2% of 510 polymerization inhibitor, 40% of titanium dioxide, 5% of polyaldehyde resin, 4% of TPO, 0.5% of modified polyethylene wax powder, 5% of polyurethane acrylate, 4% of silane coupling agent and 0.3% of wetting agent.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the white glaze layer is 0.02 to 0.04 mm.
5. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2), white glaze is overprinted according to a pre-designed overprint glaze pattern by using a UV ink-jet printer.
6. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2), the white glaze is repeatedly piled 3-5 times during piling.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step 3), the predetermined pattern is jet-printed using a UV inkjet printer.
8. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 4), the sintering is low-temperature rapid sintering, and the process parameters of the low-temperature rapid sintering include: the temperature of the UV lamp is 300-500 ℃, and the time is 3-8 minutes.
9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the time for the low-temperature rapid sintering is 5 minutes.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710058997.XA CN106915197B (en) | 2017-01-23 | 2017-01-23 | Preparation method of stacked ceramic plate decorative picture |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710058997.XA CN106915197B (en) | 2017-01-23 | 2017-01-23 | Preparation method of stacked ceramic plate decorative picture |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN106915197A CN106915197A (en) | 2017-07-04 |
| CN106915197B true CN106915197B (en) | 2020-06-12 |
Family
ID=59453433
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710058997.XA Active CN106915197B (en) | 2017-01-23 | 2017-01-23 | Preparation method of stacked ceramic plate decorative picture |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN106915197B (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107553702B (en) * | 2017-09-06 | 2020-07-03 | 景德镇善隐陶瓷有限公司 | Intelligent automatic carving glazing method based on big data operation |
| CN109397496A (en) * | 2018-10-18 | 2019-03-01 | 郑春好 | A method of building the multi-level color mud heap carving of water purple pottery |
| CN110627371A (en) * | 2019-09-27 | 2019-12-31 | 张柳松 | Method for making Ru art jade porcelain picture with picture under glaze layer |
| CN111114181A (en) * | 2019-12-06 | 2020-05-08 | 蒙娜丽莎集团股份有限公司 | Preparation method of carved silver paint ceramic board painting |
| CN113264757B (en) * | 2021-05-25 | 2023-03-21 | 德化县韵丽陶瓷有限公司 | Manufacturing process of on-glaze transparent pile carving |
| CN113999051A (en) * | 2021-11-05 | 2022-02-01 | 蒙娜丽莎集团股份有限公司 | Frosted thin ceramic plate with super-flat glaze surface and fine texture and preparation method thereof |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105272366A (en) * | 2015-10-15 | 2016-01-27 | 蒙娜丽莎集团股份有限公司 | Preparation method of color-sprayed ceramic plate decorative painting |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102249741A (en) * | 2011-07-05 | 2011-11-23 | 佛山欧神诺陶瓷股份有限公司 | Ceramic penetration glaze suitable for spray ink printing and method for using same to produce ceramic tiles |
| US9446990B2 (en) * | 2014-07-16 | 2016-09-20 | Electronics For Imaging, Inc. | Ceramic inkjet ink for relief effect |
| TWM501933U (en) * | 2015-02-26 | 2015-06-01 | 優克材料科技股份有限公司 | Three dimension printing device of stereolithography |
| CN106313565B (en) * | 2015-07-01 | 2019-05-07 | 研能科技股份有限公司 | Multi-functional composite printing device |
| CN105384470A (en) * | 2015-10-24 | 2016-03-09 | 佛山市南海区希望陶瓷机械设备有限公司 | Ceramic surface decoration process |
-
2017
- 2017-01-23 CN CN201710058997.XA patent/CN106915197B/en active Active
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105272366A (en) * | 2015-10-15 | 2016-01-27 | 蒙娜丽莎集团股份有限公司 | Preparation method of color-sprayed ceramic plate decorative painting |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN106915197A (en) | 2017-07-04 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN106915197B (en) | Preparation method of stacked ceramic plate decorative picture | |
| CN112358326B (en) | Preparation method of ceramic tile with matte deep carving effect and ceramic tile | |
| CN110357432B (en) | Method for manufacturing ceramic thin plate with concave-convex mould effect on plane blank | |
| CN110746203A (en) | Ceramic product with mold effect texture manufactured by digital process and manufacturing method thereof | |
| CN105461358B (en) | A kind of Imitation Rock Porcelain Tiles and its production method of imitative stone pattern three-dimensional decorative effect | |
| CN105384471B (en) | A kind of preparation method of thousand layers of carving ceramic wafer decoration painting | |
| CN105254339B (en) | A kind of preparation method of colored carving ceramic wafer decoration painting | |
| CN110372416A (en) | A kind of various dimensions decoration primary side ceramic brick with wood texture and preparation method thereof | |
| CN101054043B (en) | Manufacturing technique for stereo porcelain plate painting | |
| CN113845307B (en) | High-simulation digital mold ceramic tile and preparation method thereof | |
| CN107685383A (en) | A kind of production technology of Antique Imitation Tiles ceramics | |
| CN113305993A (en) | Engraved mercerized glazed tile and production method thereof | |
| CN106554156A (en) | The preparation method of porcelain heap ornamental slab for paving the floor is fired once | |
| CN104325823A (en) | Glazed porcelain polished tile and production method thereof | |
| CN104875540A (en) | Inlaying process of Nixing pottery | |
| CN109291723A (en) | Three-dimensional surface ceramic brick with wood texture, three-dimensional surface ceramic brick with wood texture anaglyph glaze layer and decoration technology | |
| CN104591786A (en) | Manufacturing method of ceramic sheet with infiltration layer | |
| CN103507548A (en) | Method for making three-dimensional picture on ceramic plate | |
| KR100360624B1 (en) | Making method of ceramic plate for building materials and that articles | |
| CN110156495B (en) | Glazing process method of 3D glaze | |
| CN1888351A (en) | Stere-colour decorative transparent nucleated glass ceramic bricks and producing method thereof | |
| CN104736350A (en) | Surface structures on press belts and press sheets | |
| CN105272366B (en) | A kind of preparation method of color spray ceramic wafer decoration painting | |
| CN203022284U (en) | Inkjet microcrystal ceramic composite brick | |
| CN208346055U (en) | Ceramic Tiles |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |