CN106906336B - A kind of comprehensive process for quenching of laser multi-track overlapping based on metal laser agglomerating plant - Google Patents
A kind of comprehensive process for quenching of laser multi-track overlapping based on metal laser agglomerating plant Download PDFInfo
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- CN106906336B CN106906336B CN201710128043.1A CN201710128043A CN106906336B CN 106906336 B CN106906336 B CN 106906336B CN 201710128043 A CN201710128043 A CN 201710128043A CN 106906336 B CN106906336 B CN 106906336B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/06—Surface hardening
- C21D1/09—Surface hardening by direct application of electrical or wave energy; by particle radiation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/62—Quenching devices
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D11/00—Process control or regulation for heat treatments
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0062—Heat-treating apparatus with a cooling or quenching zone
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Abstract
A kind of comprehensive process for quenching of laser multi-track overlapping based on metal laser agglomerating plant, includes the following steps：(1) part geometrical construction to be quenched is analyzed, determines that it needs hardened area, establishes quenching part CAD 3D model, it is marked to quench constituency.(2) the CAD 3D model that foundation is imported in the computer aided system of more metal laser agglomerating plants sets it and quenches constituency region.Quenching workpiece is disposed in more metal laser agglomerating plant equipments.(3) start gas shield device, vacuumized and be passed through gas shield gas, the laser scanning technological parameter and its six multi-track overlappings for setting suitable quenching part quench scan path comprehensively.(4) six different angle laser quenching scanning is carried out, realizes that 360 ° of multi-track overlappings cover comprehensive quenching technical.(5) equipment is closed, quenching workpiece is taken out, observes and detect properties after its quenching, this process is as shown in Figure 1.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the heat treatment process field of metal material more particularly to a kind of metals based on laser sintered equipment
The comprehensive quenching process of material laser multi-track overlapping.
Background technology
It is in recent years, also more and more high for the performance requirement of metal material as industrial development increasingly emerges, it is clear that
, wear and corrode the two big main damage forms for remaining the mainstream industries device such as machinery, automobile, aircraft, and thus
The economic loss that destruction directly contributes is made us frightened and is arranged, and the related science generaI investigation that China was once unfolded shows to pass through caused by fretting wear
The 1.8% of the reachable people's total output value of Ji loss, and in a report cited by nineteen eighty-three, the major industry of China's industry
In as caused by corroding loss be at least 40,000,000,000 yuans.While corrosion and abrasion bring massive losses, people is also resulted in
More extensive concern.
It is well known that corrosion and abrasion are to betide the material damage loss process of material surface, dominant failure shape
Formula majority is sprouted in material surface, therefore, is used suitable for appropriate surface protection to delay and control the corruption of material surface
Erosion and abrasion, become the fundamental way and method to solve the above problems.
For many years, for the protection mechanism of China's metal material mainly with cumbersome, development tends to ripe heat treatment technics
Based on, passing through the measures such as temperature change, carbo-nitriding in heat treatment process so that metal material tissue growth changes, with
The stronger mechanical property of higher and other mechanical performances are obtained, to meet workpiece military service demand.Metal material is obtained more
Add the heat treatment technics of excellent mechanical performance for a long time always based on quenching.This is primarily due to China's steel material storage
Amount is abundant, and has excellent machinery, mechanical property and cost performance, is widely used in field of industrial production.Industrial Steels are
It is most widely used in metal material, the maximum metal material of quantity consumed, the carbon steel in steel is cheap, is convenient for smelting
Refining, it is easy to process, and the in addition corresponding heat treatment quenching process of difference of phosphorus content, readily satisfy the demand in production.
But in recent years, also more harsh for the demand of steel performance condition with the rapid development of industry, such as
After many auto parts and components are by traditional carburizing and quenching process, still met with during being on active service more serious
Abrasion and corrosion, cause production firm and consumer worry.
At this time, many surface strengthening technologies come into being, for example steel are strong by shot-peening during prior heat treatment
Change and eliminate residual stress, for another example broad development of the rare earth catalytic cementation technique in steel heat treatment process in recent years, in addition to this,
Carburizing, nitriding, flame hardening, high mid-frequency induction hardening, thermal spraying, vapor deposition, plating, coating technique etc. are also after change
It continues to develop.And in numerous emerging surface strengthening technologies, with industrial high power laser and computer-aided equipment
Functionization, the laser surface intensified and modification technology of metal material become in the sports of thousand sails together with dazzling landscape.
The laser surface intensified and modification of metal material, is exactly applied using the high energy density characteristic of laser in material surface
The methods of row quenching, cladding, alloying, inexpensive among these, high performance-price ratio laser-quenching technique become laser processing and grind again
One of Disciplinary Frontiers studied carefully.
Laser quenching heating material and can be such that material cools down within the extremely short time, than prior heat treatment contract significantly
Time and cost are subtracted, AM General company has realized laser quenching substitution prior heat treatment in partial automobile parts
The breakthrough of technology, and coming into operation due to high power laser so that the more excellent protrusion of material property after laser quenching.
Currently, many scholars and industrial production manufacturer have had developed a variety of laser-quenching technique technologies in succession, and these technologies are most
By high power laser, goes out corresponding quenching technical for the Materials of not homomorphs, laser quenching can be applied to
On plank, pipe fitting, rods, U-shaped part etc. the metal material of different-shape, and obtain and the comparable material of prior heat treatment
Energy.But under this unprecedented development trend, the defect and problem of many laser quenchings are also exposed, it is main among these
The problem of be, during laser quenching, due to the high energy density characteristic of laser, the speed of heating material and cooling speed
Degree is up to 104-6DEG C/s, since heating speed and cooling velocity are too fast, and laser-quenching technique is relatively rough, after leading to quenching
Tissue change is uneven, and material mechanical performance fluctuation is larger, such as the ideal region excellent in mechanical performance of incomplete quench, and its week
Uneven heating is even between side and two quenching welding beads, and mechanical property is caused to have compared with macrorelief, cannot be as prior heat treatment
Obtain the microscopic structure of more even compact.
In conclusion using laser-quenching technique than prior heat treatment technology can be cost-effective, reduce the production time,
And ideal material property can be obtained, but again since the part limitation of laser quenching limits its application.Cause
This develops the laser quenching technology of practicability to break through its limitation so that the aobvious of even compact can be obtained after laser quenching
Micro-assembly robot seems very necessary.
Invention content
The present invention provides a kind of comprehensive quenching technicals of laser multi-track overlapping based on more metal laser agglomerating plants, utilize
More metal laser agglomerating plants and precise laser scanning technique and computer aided system establish more metal component models, can be with
For various metal materials, particularly with steel, fine and close quenching rapidly and efficiently is carried out so that material can obtain after quenching
The microscopic structure of even compact meets the industrial production of more high request.
To achieve the goals above, the present invention includes the following steps：
(1) workpiece area that the appearance structure of analysis workpiece to be quenched and needs quench, builds on 3D sculpting software
Workpiece geometrical model to be quenched builds workpiece CAD 3D model；
(2) by the CAD system in laser sintered equipment, it is set and needs hardened area constituency, i.e., by laser sintered
CAD system in equipment determines that quenching part needs hardened area, and this zone marker is extracted that suitable by quenching part is quenched
Ignition technique parameter inputs computer aided system；
(3) laser sintered equipment is opened, after disposing part to be quenched, is vacuumized and be passed through argon gas or nitrogen protection work
Make, form effective gas shield atmosphere, improve the stability of laser quenching, then sets scan path on quenching constituency,
In specific laser sintered equipment, scan path is linear push migration multiple scanning successively, after the completion of run-down, is revolved clockwise
Turn 67 °, the second Surface scan is then unfolded, this process will realize that the multi-track overlapping in two faces scans, and carry out third time, four successively
Secondary, five times, six scanning, both may be implemented the quenching scanning process of 360 ° of covering entire surfaces；
(4) agglomerating plant is closed, quenching part is taken out, it is observed and quenches pattern.
The invention has the advantages that：It is right by the laser beam of high-energy density using selective laser sintering equipment
The quenching scanning process of 360 ° of covering entire surfaces is realized in part quenching to be quenched constituency, then obtains quenching for microscopic structure even compact
Fire bed.
Description of the drawings
It is further to the present invention below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and by taking 20CrMnTi gear steel boards multi-track overlapping comprehensively quenching as an example
Explanation.
Fig. 1 is that more metal laser agglomerating plants quench working mechanism's schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is more metal laser agglomerating plant patterns；
Fig. 3 is the gear steel substrate and constituency model of CAD structures；
Fig. 4 is the comprehensive quenching process parameters selection of laser multi-track overlapping；
Fig. 5 is that laser multi-track overlapping quenches scan path comprehensively；
Fig. 6 is constituency pattern laser multi-track overlapping quenches comprehensively after；
Fig. 7 is not quench and quench rear surface hardness balance figure；
Fig. 8 is quenching layer microhardness distribution figure after laser quenching；
Fig. 9 is quenching layer displaing micro tissue topography figure laser multi-track overlapping quenches comprehensively after；
Figure 10 is the wear extent comparison diagram under same time and loading environment after not quenching and quenching.
Specific implementation mode
The comprehensive quenching technical of 20CrMnTi pinion steel plate with laser multi-track overlappings：
In order to realize that the multi-track overlapping of pinion steel material quenches and obtain comprehensively good processability, this quenching is adopted
The laser multi-track overlapping that pinion steel is carried out with the more metal laser agglomerating plants of the EOSINT M280 of German EOS Corp. quenches comprehensively.
The more metal laser sintering systems of EOSINT M280 are equipped with the YB-fiber Solid State Laser transmitters of 200/400W, in conjunction with scanning light
System fthetaien, for maximum power peak up to 8.5KW, sweep speed can reach 7m/s, and protective gas manages body
System, compatible nitrogen and argon gas protect atmosphere, therefore are capable of providing the laser of high-performance, high stability, high quality, may be implemented from
Light metal is to the processing and manufacturing of the various metals materials such as stainless steel, superalloy, and technical parameter is as shown in Table 1, working machine
System and equipment pattern are as depicted in figs. 1 and 2.
The more metal laser agglomerating plant major parameters of 1 EOSINT M280 of table
By the associated technical parameters of the sintering of polymetallic systems equipment it is found that on the one hand can be passed through by sintering of polymetallic systems equipment
Computer aided system imports complex structural member pattern and realizes its laser-quenching technique, another aspect sintering of polymetallic systems equipment
Can be reliable and stable, spot diameter is very small, and up to 80 μm, and its sweep speed and output power can be all precisely controlled, so as to
To ensure the stability and precision of quenching process.
It is 110 × 110 × 6mm that this experiment, which still uses 20CrMnTi gear steel boards, experiment substrate size,3, experiment
In the process using different laser parameters to selecting substrate to carry out constituency quenching, constituency area is 10 × 10 × 6mm3, utilize CAD
The substrate constituency of structure is as shown in Figure 3.
Research and the EOSINT M280 that based on many scholars steel are carried out with the parameter selection of laser quenching experiment are more
Spot diameter is fixed as by technological parameter selection when metal laser agglomerating plant itself melts steel, this experiment
100 μm, sweep span is set as 80 μm, can so be maintained at the distance between twice laser welded seam in very narrow range,
Therefore laser power density that is relatively high and stablizing can be obtained, the inhomogeneities in its quenching process can be also avoided,
And using surface sweeping speed and laser power as control variable, to study the influence that it quenches pinion steel multiple tracks multilayer faying surface,
Selected surface sweeping velocity interval is 300-450mm/s, laser power ranging from 65-90W, specific process parameter selection such as Fig. 4
It is shown.
Single track laser with 67 ° of angles toward coverlay surface sweeping process, after the completion of single pass swash in carrying out quenching process
Light direction rotate clockwise 67 ° progress second of faying surface surface sweeping, and so on six times, you can with realize cover pinion steel style
Comprehensive quenching in constituency, specific laser beam scan path are as shown in Figure 5.Style shape 20CrMnTi pinion steels road overlap joint quenches comprehensively after
Looks are as shown in Figure 6.
It is unhardened with its after carrying out multi-track overlapping to pinion steel based on more metal laser agglomerating plants and quenching comprehensively
Baseplate material intercepts an equal amount of constituency style, is detected to its mechanical property, displaing micro tissue topography, wearability, as a result
Show 20CrMnTi pinion steels after quenched by laser multi-track overlapping comprehensively, No. 10 best constituency formulas of comprehensive properties
Sample case hardness forms the marquench layer of dense fine up to 740HV, and in its surface hardening layer, and depth of hardening is about
For 0.06-0.12mm.Its wearability is also far above the reference sample without laser quenching, surface both hardness balance such as Fig. 7 institutes
Show, quenching layer microhardness distribution is as shown in figure 8, displaing micro tissue topography such as Fig. 9, same load (10N) and after the time (10min)
Wear extent comparison it is as shown in Figure 10.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of comprehensive process for quenching of laser multi-track overlapping based on metal laser agglomerating plant, which is characterized in that including following
Step：
(1) part geometrical construction to be quenched is analyzed, determines that it needs hardened area, establishes quenching part CAD 3D model, it is marked to quench
Fiery constituency.
(2) the CAD 3D model that foundation is imported in the computer aided system of more metal laser agglomerating plants, sets its quenching
Constituency region.Quenching workpiece is placed in more metal laser agglomerating plant equipments.
(3) start gas shield device, vacuumized and be passed through gas shield gas, set the laser scanning of suitable quenching part
Technological parameter and its six multi-track overlappings quench scan path comprehensively.
(4) six different angle laser quenching scanning is carried out, realizes that 360 ° of multi-track overlappings cover comprehensive quenching technical.
(5) equipment is closed, quenching workpiece is taken out, observes and detect properties after its quenching.
2. a kind of comprehensive process for quenching of laser multi-track overlapping based on metal laser agglomerating plant as described in claim one,
It is characterized in that, using sintering of polymetallic systems equipment computer auxiliary system, the geometry of most workpiece can be constructed, and
Smallclothes complex topography in can constructing, and precinct laser scanning quenching is carried out on workpiece.
3. a kind of comprehensive process for quenching of laser multi-track overlapping based on metal laser agglomerating plant as described in claim one,
It is characterized in that, during selective laser quenches progress, hot spot minimum diameter is 80 μm, and the adjustable extent of sweep span is several
Ten microns to hundreds of microns, and being precisely controlled for output power and sweep speed may be implemented, therefore in single track laser scanning
Cheng Zhong can possess high-strength, stable laser energy density so that band quenching part is equal under conditions of quickly heating very much and is cooling
Even heated cooling.
4. a kind of comprehensive process for quenching of laser multi-track overlapping based on metal laser agglomerating plant as described in claim one,
It is characterized in that, by more metal laser agglomerating plant computer aided systems, multi-track overlapping scanning quenching path is established, by every
After single track Surface scan, laser scanning direction rotates clockwise 67 °, after six single track Surface scans, realizes 360 ° just
Multi-track overlapping covers scanning process comprehensively, so that quenching part surface obtains the microscopic structure of dense fine, avoids single track
Quench the unstability of rear surface performance.
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