CN106898742B - Method for preparing nickel cobalt lithium manganate lithium ion battery anode material from waste lithium battery - Google Patents

Method for preparing nickel cobalt lithium manganate lithium ion battery anode material from waste lithium battery Download PDF

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CN106898742B
CN106898742B CN201710141568.9A CN201710141568A CN106898742B CN 106898742 B CN106898742 B CN 106898742B CN 201710141568 A CN201710141568 A CN 201710141568A CN 106898742 B CN106898742 B CN 106898742B
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lithium
nickel
cobalt
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lithium ion
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CN106898742A (en
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李斌
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Ganzhou Xinlong New Energy Materials Co ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/54Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste accumulators
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/362Composites
    • H01M4/364Composites as mixtures
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • H01M4/50Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
    • H01M4/505Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • H01M4/52Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
    • H01M4/525Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/84Recycling of batteries or fuel cells

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of lithium battery energy regeneration, and provides a method for preparing a nickel cobalt lithium manganate lithium ion battery anode material from waste lithium batteries. Recovering waste lithium ion batteries, dissolving the waste lithium ion batteries in acid liquor to obtain mixed metal solution, allowing impurities such as calcium, magnesium, iron, copper, zinc, lead and aluminum in the mixed solution to enter an acidic extractant organic phase, carrying out multi-stage countercurrent on the impurity-loaded organic phase, and performing acid back-extraction on the organic phase to regenerate and reuse the organic phase, and removing the impurities such as calcium, magnesium, iron, copper, zinc, lead and aluminum to obtain impurity-free mixed solution; and (3) conveying the prepared mixed metal solution and additive solution to a freezing crystallization kettle to obtain nickel-cobalt-manganese lithium salt powder. According to the method, nickel, cobalt, manganese and lithium elements are recovered from the waste batteries and the waste positive electrode materials, the nickel-cobalt lithium manganate positive electrode material is produced in a circulating mode after impurity removal, a regenerated product with the same performance as the original product is synthesized in a directional circulating mode, and the recycling of main metals in all lithium ion batteries is achieved.

Description

Method for preparing nickel cobalt lithium manganate lithium ion battery anode material from waste lithium battery
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of recycling of waste lithium battery energy, in particular to a method for preparing a nickel-cobalt lithium manganate lithium ion battery cathode material from waste lithium batteries.
Background
With the continuous development of the communication industry, the electric automobile industry and the digital product industry, the demand of people on batteries is increasing day by day, and power and energy storage batteries are produced at the same time. Many policies are being introduced by the country to encourage the study and application of large batteries, and it is predicted that in the near future, large quantities of batteries will be produced. However, batteries have a certain service life, and when the service life of the batteries is over, the batteries enter a scrapping stage, and a large amount of waste batteries can be expected to be generated according to the number of the current power batteries. The battery contains a large amount of noble metals and rare elements, is harmful to water and soil environments, has rich metal resource development value, is not suitable for being treated as common household garbage, and the optimal treatment mode is cyclic resource utilization. The cyclic resource utilization refers to a recycling process of preparing a valuable product which is the same as or similar to the product performance through reasonable decomposition and recombination of a product after the product is scrapped. The recycling of the battery anode material means that the battery anode material is prepared into a new battery material according to a certain formula after the battery is scrapped through element decomposition.
Currently, nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary LiNi1-x-yMnxCoy02The application of the positive electrode material is more and more extensive, but there are also many problems. Firstly, the granularity of the synthesized powder material can not be controlled, the stacking density is low, and the volume specific capacity is low; secondly, the uniform mixing of a plurality of elements is a difficult problem, a great deal of research is carried out on the problem at home and abroad, and the comprehensive foreign literature reports such as Kobayas which expresses M (CH) in the literature3COO)2•4H2O (M = Co, Ni, Mn) as a raw material was calcined at 500 ℃ for 12 hours in an air atmosphere, and then reacted with LiOH. H2Mixing and pressing O into blocks, and roasting at the high temperature of 1000 ℃ for 24 hours. The method has simple synthesis and easy industrial production, but has obvious defects. Thirdly, the sintering temperature is high, the time is long and the energy consumption is high. Also, as described in chinese patent 03134689, lithium oxide, lithium hydroxide or lithium salt and transition metal Co, Ni, Mn oxide, lithium hydroxide or lithium salt are used as main raw materials, mechanically mixed, and then sintered in a sintering furnace at a temperature of 900 ℃ or higher to form a nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary positive electrode material LiNi1-x-y MnxCoy 02.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention recycles nickel, cobalt, manganese and lithium elements from the waste batteries to circularly synthesize the lithium ion battery anode material, so that the main metal elements in the waste battery anode material can be recycled, and a regenerated product with the same performance as the original product is circularly synthesized; the resource recycling of various metals is realized, the resources can be saved, and the continuous development of the battery industry is promoted. In order to overcome the defects of nonuniform distribution of multiple elements, low product capacity, low energy density and the like in the conventional method for preparing the anode material, the freezing crystallization method is improved on the basis of a precipitation method, nickel, cobalt, manganese and lithium salt is directly crystallized under the freezing condition by adding an additive, different freezing crystallization conditions and additives are controlled, the particle size and element distribution of the material can be effectively regulated, and the problems of nonuniform particle size distribution, nonuniform element distribution, unstable product performance and the like of a battery material in the prior art are solved.
The technical problem of the invention is mainly solved by the following technical scheme:
a method for preparing a lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide lithium ion battery anode material from waste lithium batteries comprises the following steps:
(1) disassembling the waste lithium ion battery, taking out the positive plate and the positive material purchased from the battery factory, and roughly crushing;
(2) dissolving the coarsely crushed positive electrode material in acid liquor, and filtering to obtain filtrate, wherein the filtrate is mixed metal solution of nickel, cobalt, manganese and lithium containing impurities;
(3) conveying the mixed metal solution in the step (2) into a tank containing extracting agents of diphosphoric acid and phosphonate monoester or diphosphoric acid and phosphonate diester containing sulfonated kerosene, enabling calcium, magnesium, iron, copper, zinc, lead and aluminum impurities in the mixed solution to enter an organic phase of an acidic extracting agent, enabling the organic phase carrying the impurities to be subjected to multistage countercurrent, and utilizing acid to back extract the organic phase to regenerate and reuse the organic phase, and removing the calcium, magnesium, iron, copper, zinc, lead and aluminum impurities to obtain an impurity-free mixed solution;
(4) adding nickel salt, cobalt salt, manganese salt and lithium salt into the mixed solution obtained by removing impurities in the step (3) to ensure that the molar ratio of nickel, cobalt and manganese lithium elements is 1: X: Y (1+ X + Y); conveying the prepared mixed metal solution and additive solution to a freezing crystallization kettle; controlling certain crystallization parameters to obtain a crystallization mixture, filtering and washing the suspension, and then drying crystals to obtain nickel-cobalt-manganese lithium salt powder;
(5) and (3) calcining the powder obtained in the step (4) at the temperature of 250-600 ℃ for 6h, heating to the temperature of 800-1500 ℃, and calcining for 10-12h to obtain the nickel-cobalt lithium manganate lithium ion battery anode material in a certain reaction atmosphere.
Further, the acid solution in the step (2) is one or more of nitric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid and acetic acid, and the certain conditions are that the temperature is 50-90 ℃ and the pH value is 1-5.
Further, the diphosphoric acid in the step (3) is di (2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid or mono (2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid; the phosphonate monoesters are 2-ethylhexyl phosphonate monoesters or styrene phosphonate monoesters; the phosphonic diester is dialkyl phosphonic diester.
Further, in the step (4), crystallization reaction is carried out under the conditions that the reaction temperature is-40-10 ℃, the pH value is 3-9 and the stirring speed is 100-600 rpm; the additive in the step (4) is glycol or ethanol.
Further, the ratio of X to Y in the step (4) is (0.1-3) to (0.1-3).
Further, in the step (4), the lithium salt is any one of lithium carbonate, lithium hydroxide and lithium acetate.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and effects:
1. the method can recycle the main metal elements in the waste batteries and the waste positive electrode materials, directionally and circularly synthesize the regenerated products with the same performance as the original products, and realize the resource recycling of the main metals in all the lithium ion batteries.
2. In the step of synthesizing the nickel-cobalt lithium manganate battery cathode material, the used refrigeration method is universal, economic and feasible; the crystallization speeds of the nickel, cobalt, manganese and lithium metal elements are not consistent, so that the various metal elements can be crystallized simultaneously by adding additives and adopting a freezing method during reaction, and crystal grains can grow without agglomeration; the method is beneficial to regulating and controlling the properties and performance of the synthetic material, and realizes uniform distribution of multiple metal elements of the nickel cobalt lithium manganate and stable product performance.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a gram capacity plot of the lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide lithium ion battery positive electrode material prepared in example 1.
Fig. 2 is a cycle diagram of the lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide lithium ion battery positive electrode material prepared in example 2.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail below by way of examples, with reference to the accompanying fig. 1-2, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Example 1:
(1) taking 5000 grams of waste nickel cobalt lithium manganate positive electrode material, crushing the positive electrode material, dissolving the crushed positive electrode material by using 4mol/L sulfuric acid at the temperature of 60 ℃, and filtering to obtain 36L of filtrate of mixed metal solution containing nickel, cobalt, manganese and lithium containing impurities;
(2) and (2) conveying the mixed solution in the step (1) into an extraction tank containing an extracting agent di (2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid containing sulfonated kerosene and phosphonate monoester, enabling calcium, magnesium, iron, copper, zinc, lead and aluminum impurities in the mixed solution to enter an organic phase of an acidic extracting agent, carrying out multi-stage countercurrent on the organic phase of the impurities, performing back extraction on the organic phase by using acid to regenerate the organic phase for reuse, and removing the calcium, magnesium, iron, copper, zinc, lead and aluminum impurities to obtain the impurity-free mixed metal solution.
(3) Adding nickel salt, cobalt salt, manganese salt and lithium salt into the mixed solution obtained after the impurity removal in the step (2) to ensure that the molar ratio of nickel, cobalt, manganese and lithium elements is 1:1:1:3, and adding the prepared metal solution and the additive ethanol solution into a freezing crystallization kettle; controlling the reaction temperature to be-30 ℃, the stirring speed to be 200rpm, and adjusting the pH value to be 6 so that the nickel, cobalt, manganese and lithium solution is precipitated in a freezing crystallization kettle; filtering the suspension, using the filtrate as mother liquor, re-freezing and crystallizing, and drying the primary and secondary crystals to obtain 3000 g of nickel-cobalt-manganese-lithium salt powder;
(4) calcining the lithium ion battery anode material at 700 ℃ for 6h, then heating to 1000 ℃ and calcining for 12h to obtain the nickel-cobalt lithium manganate lithium ion battery anode material.
Example 2:
(1) taking 10000 g of waste lithium ion batteries, disassembling the batteries, taking out the positive electrode material, crushing, dissolving by 6mol/L sulfuric acid at the temperature of 60 ℃, and filtering to obtain 48L of filtrate which is mixed metal solution of nickel, cobalt, manganese and lithium containing impurities;
(2) and (2) conveying the mixed solution in the step (1) into an extraction tank containing extracting agents of di (2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid and dialkyl phosphonic acid diester containing sulfonated kerosene, enabling calcium, magnesium, iron, copper, zinc, lead and aluminum impurities in the mixed solution to enter an organic phase of an acidic extracting agent, enabling the organic phase loaded with the impurities to be subjected to multistage countercurrent, and performing back extraction on the organic phase by using acid to regenerate the organic phase for reuse, and removing the calcium, magnesium, iron, copper, zinc, lead and aluminum impurities to obtain the impurity-free mixed metal solution.
(3) Adding nickel salt, cobalt salt, manganese salt and lithium salt into the mixed solution obtained after the impurity removal in the step (2) to ensure that the molar ratio of nickel, cobalt, manganese and lithium elements is 1:0.2:0.6:1.8, and respectively adding the prepared metal solution and an additive ethylene glycol into a freezing crystallization kettle; controlling the reaction temperature to be 0 ℃, stirring speed to be 500rpm, and adjusting the pH value to be 5 to precipitate the nickel, cobalt, manganese and lithium solution in a freezing crystallization kettle; filtering the suspension, using the filtrate as mother liquor, re-freezing and crystallizing, and drying the primary and secondary crystals to obtain 4000 g of nickel-cobalt-manganese-lithium salt powder;
(4) calcining the lithium ion battery anode material at 800 ℃ for 8h, then heating to 1200 ℃ and calcining for 12h to obtain the nickel-cobalt lithium manganate lithium ion battery anode material.
Example 3:
(1) taking 2000 g of waste nickel cobalt lithium manganate positive electrode material, crushing the positive electrode material, dissolving the crushed positive electrode material by using 2mol/L sulfuric acid at the temperature of 60 ℃, and filtering to obtain 16L of filtrate which is mixed solution of nickel, cobalt, manganese and lithium containing impurities;
(2) and (2) conveying the mixed solution in the step (1) into an extraction tank containing sulfonated kerosene and extracting agent mono (2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid and phosphonic acid diester, enabling calcium, magnesium, iron, copper, zinc, lead and aluminum impurities in the mixed solution to enter an acidic extracting agent organic phase, carrying out multi-stage countercurrent on the impurity-loaded organic phase, performing back extraction on the organic phase by using acid to regenerate the organic phase for reuse, and removing the calcium, magnesium, iron, copper, zinc, lead and aluminum impurities to obtain the impurity-free mixed metal solution.
(3) Adding nickel salt, cobalt salt, manganese salt and lithium salt into the mixed solution obtained after the impurity removal in the step (2) to ensure that the molar ratio of nickel, cobalt, manganese and lithium elements is 1:1.5:1.5:4, and respectively adding the prepared metal solution and an additive ethylene glycol into a freezing crystallization kettle; controlling the reaction temperature to be 2 ℃, stirring speed to be 600rpm, and adjusting the pH value to be 7 so that the nickel, cobalt, manganese and lithium solution is precipitated in a freezing crystallization kettle; filtering the suspension, using the filtrate as mother liquor, re-freezing and crystallizing, and drying the primary and secondary crystals to obtain 1000 g of nickel-cobalt-manganese-lithium salt powder;
(4) calcining the lithium ion battery anode material at 600 ℃ for 6h, then heating to 1500 ℃ and calcining for 12h to obtain the nickel-cobalt lithium manganate lithium ion battery anode material.
While the present invention has been described with reference to particular embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims (5)

1. A method for preparing a lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide lithium ion battery anode material by using a waste lithium battery is characterized by comprising the following process steps:
(1) disassembling the waste lithium ion battery, taking out the positive plate and the positive material purchased from the battery factory, and roughly crushing;
(2) dissolving the coarsely crushed positive electrode material in acid liquor, and filtering to obtain filtrate, wherein the filtrate is a mixed solution of nickel, cobalt, manganese and lithium containing impurities;
(3) conveying the mixed solution in the step (2) into a tank containing acidic extracting agents diphosphonic acids and phosphonic acid monoesters or diphosphonic acids and phosphonic acid diesters containing sulfonated kerosene, so that calcium, magnesium, iron, copper, zinc, lead and aluminum impurities in the mixed solution enter an organic phase of the acidic extracting agent, carrying the organic phase of the impurities to undergo multistage countercurrent, and carrying out acid back extraction on the organic phase to regenerate the organic phase for reuse, and removing the calcium, magnesium, iron, copper, zinc, lead and aluminum impurities to obtain an impurity-free mixed solution;
(4) adding nickel salt, cobalt salt, manganese salt and lithium salt into the mixed metal solution obtained by removing impurities in the step (3) to ensure that the molar ratio of nickel, cobalt, manganese and lithium elements is 1: X: Y (1+ X + Y); respectively conveying the prepared mixed metal solution and the additive to a freezing crystallization kettle; the crystallization parameters are that the reaction temperature is-40-10 ℃, the pH value is 3-9, the stirring speed is 100-600 rpm, the crystallization reaction is carried out to obtain a crystallization mixture, the suspension is filtered and washed, and then the crystal is dried to obtain nickel-cobalt-manganese lithium salt powder; wherein the additive is ethylene glycol or ethanol;
(5) and (3) calcining the powder obtained in the step (4) at the temperature of 250-600 ℃ for 6h, then heating to the temperature of 800-1500 ℃, and calcining for 10-12h to obtain the nickel-cobalt lithium manganate lithium ion battery anode material under a certain reaction atmosphere.
2. The method for preparing the lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide lithium ion battery cathode material from the waste lithium battery as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the acid solution in the step (2) is one or more of nitric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid and acetic acid, and the certain conditions are that the temperature is 50-90 ℃ and the pH value is 1-5.
3. The method for preparing the lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide lithium ion battery cathode material from the waste lithium battery as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the diphosphoric acids in the step (3) are di (2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid or mono (2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid; the phosphonate monoesters are 2-ethylhexyl phosphonate monoesters or styrene phosphonate monoesters; the phosphonic diester is dialkyl phosphonic diester.
4. The method for preparing the lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide lithium ion battery cathode material from the waste lithium battery as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the ratio of X to Y in the step (4) is (0.1-3) to (0.1-3).
5. The method for preparing the lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide lithium ion battery cathode material from the waste lithium battery as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (4), the lithium salt is any one of lithium carbonate, lithium hydroxide and lithium acetate.
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CN109234535B (en) * 2018-08-21 2020-09-01 广州安腾达化工科技有限公司 Method for purifying lithium element from battery powder
CN109216821A (en) * 2018-09-05 2019-01-15 合肥国轩高科动力能源有限公司 A kind of recovery method of waste and old lithium titanate battery
EP3956485B1 (en) * 2019-04-19 2023-03-08 Umicore Process for the preparation of precursor compounds for lithium battery cathodes
CN112342393B (en) * 2020-10-29 2022-10-18 湖南邦普循环科技有限公司 Method for removing aluminum in ternary battery material leachate by extraction method

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