CN106896834B - High-speed accurate main shaft pretightning force intelligent control test bench based on piezoelectric actuator - Google Patents
High-speed accurate main shaft pretightning force intelligent control test bench based on piezoelectric actuator Download PDFInfo
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- CN106896834B CN106896834B CN201610976919.3A CN201610976919A CN106896834B CN 106896834 B CN106896834 B CN 106896834B CN 201610976919 A CN201610976919 A CN 201610976919A CN 106896834 B CN106896834 B CN 106896834B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D15/00—Control of mechanical force or stress; Control of mechanical pressure
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- G01D21/02—Measuring two or more variables by means not covered by a single other subclass
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01L5/0009—Force sensors associated with a bearing
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-speed precise spindle pretightening force intelligent control test bed based on a piezoelectric actuator, wherein a front sleeve and a rear sleeve are respectively arranged at two ends of a base, and a rotor is arranged in the front sleeve and the rear sleeve through bearings; the front sleeve is fixed with the base, and the rear sleeve is arranged on the base in a sliding manner through a guide pin; a piezoelectric actuator support is arranged on the base between the front sleeve and the rear sleeve, and a plurality of piezoelectric actuators parallel to the rotor and used for pushing the rear sleeve are uniformly distributed on the actuator support along the circumference of the rotor. The invention can measure the pretightening force, pretightening displacement of the rear sleeve and pretightening displacement of the rotor when the test bed is static, and obtain the interrelationship of pretightening force and pretightening displacement under static. The pre-tightening force, the pre-tightening displacement of the rear sleeve, the pre-tightening displacement of the rotor, the temperature of the bearing and the vibration of the front sleeve and the rear sleeve can be measured when the test bed runs, so that the relation among the parameters under the rotor motion state can be studied.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of high-speed precise spindle pretightening force control, in particular to a high-speed precise spindle pretightening force intelligent control test bed based on a piezoelectric actuator.
Background
The main shaft is a core functional component of the machine tool, and the performance of the main shaft directly influences the performance of the whole machine tool. Pretension of high-speed precision spindle bearings is the most dominant factor affecting spindle stiffness, accuracy and reliability. High-speed precision bearings are extremely sensitive to changes in preload. Therefore, intelligent control is carried out on the pretightening force according to the working conditions of the rotating speed, the temperature rise, the load, the initial assembly and the like of the main shaft in the main shaft processing process, and the dynamic and thermal state characteristics of the main shaft in the whole rotating speed range containing low-speed large torque and high-speed large power are globally excellent. How to determine the optimal pretightening force of the dynamic and thermal state characteristics of the main shaft in the whole rotating speed range containing low-speed large torque and high-speed large power by a quantification method, and has important guiding significance for implementing intelligent control on pretightening force from the aspects of dynamics and thermodynamics!
At present, a plurality of control devices related to the pretightening force of a main shaft exist at home and abroad, but the existing control devices only can be based on closed-loop control of pretightening force or closed-loop control of pretightening displacement, cannot reveal the interrelationship of pretightening force, main shaft thermal characteristics and main shaft dynamic characteristics, and can intelligently control the pretightening force according to the interrelationship of pretightening force, main shaft thermal characteristics and main shaft dynamic characteristics. Therefore, according to the special working condition or the requirement of the pretightening force, the development of the pretightening force intelligent control test bed with the functions of positioning pretightening, constant pressure pretightening, variable pretightening, main shaft bearing cooling and temperature monitoring is particularly urgent.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a high-speed precise spindle pretightening force intelligent control test bed based on a piezoelectric actuator.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the intelligent control test bed for the pretightening force of the high-speed precise main shaft based on the piezoelectric actuator is characterized in that a front sleeve (4) and a rear sleeve (14) are respectively arranged at two ends of a base (1), and a rotor (2) is arranged in the front sleeve and the rear sleeve through bearings;
the front sleeve is fixed with the base, and the rear sleeve is arranged on the base in a sliding manner through a guide pin;
a base between the front sleeve and the rear sleeve is provided with a piezoelectric actuator bracket (9), a plurality of piezoelectric actuators (38) parallel to the rotor and used for pushing the rear sleeve are uniformly distributed on the actuator bracket along the circumference of the rotor, the piezoelectric actuators are slidably arranged in the unthreaded holes of the piezoelectric actuator bracket, one end of each piezoelectric actuator, which is opposite to the rear sleeve, is fixedly provided with a force sensor (39), and the other end of each piezoelectric actuator is connected with a pretightening force adjusting bolt (36) embedded on the actuator bracket;
temperature sensors are embedded in the front sleeve and the rear sleeve and used for detecting the working temperature of the bearing;
vibration sensors are embedded in the front sleeve and the rear sleeve and used for detecting radial vibration signals when the rotor rotates;
a rear sleeve displacement sensor (30) is arranged on the rear sleeve and is used for monitoring the axial displacement of the rear sleeve;
a rotor displacement sensor (28) for monitoring the axial displacement of the rotor is arranged on the base;
an encoder (26) for monitoring the rotational speed of the rotor is provided on the base.
In the technical scheme, the front sleeve is fixedly connected to the base through the bolt, the bearing I and the bearing II are arranged in the front sleeve to mount the rotor, and the bearing I and the bearing II are axially locked on the rotor through the first locking nut; the two ends of the front sleeve are respectively provided with a positioning end cover (35) and a front end cover (3), the positioning end covers are fixedly arranged at the inner end of the front sleeve through bolt connection, and the front end covers are fixedly arranged at the outer end of the front sleeve through threads and are used for compressing the bearing outer ring. Further, the front sleeve is internally embedded with a bearing I temperature sensor (22) and a bearing II temperature sensor (27), and a probe of the bearing I temperature sensor is located near the bearing I and used for detecting the working temperature of the bearing I, and a probe of the bearing II temperature sensor is located near the bearing II and used for detecting the working temperature of the bearing II.
In the technical scheme, a bearing III and a bearing IV are arranged in the rear sleeve to mount the rotor, and the bearing III and the bearing IV are axially locked on the rotor through a second locking nut; the outer end of the rear sleeve is provided with a rear end cover (17) for compressing the bearing outer ring. Further, a bearing III temperature sensor (18) and a bearing IV temperature sensor (16) are embedded in the rear sleeve, a probe of the bearing III temperature sensor is located near the bearing III and used for detecting the working temperature of the bearing III, and a probe of the bearing IV temperature sensor is located near the bearing IV and used for detecting the working temperature of the bearing IV.
In the above technical scheme, three parallel light holes for installing the piezoelectric actuators are uniformly distributed on the piezoelectric actuator support, and the three piezoelectric actuators are respectively arranged in the three parallel light holes in a sliding way.
In the technical scheme, the positioning screw (15) is arranged at the outer end of the rear sleeve and used for switching the constant-pressure pre-tightening mode and the positioning pre-tightening module under the preset pre-tightening force.
The invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that:
the intelligent control test bed for the pretightening force of the high-speed precise spindle based on the piezoelectric actuator can measure pretightening force, pretightening displacement of the rear sleeve and pretightening displacement of the rotor when the test bed is static, and obtain the correlation between pretightening force and pretightening displacement under static state. The pre-tightening force, the pre-tightening displacement of the rear sleeve, the pre-tightening displacement of the rotor, the temperature of the bearing and the vibration of the front sleeve and the rear sleeve can be measured when the test bed runs, so that the relation among the parameters under the rotor motion state can be studied.
The invention adopts the piezoelectric actuator as a loading device of the spindle pretightening force, and has the advantages of high rigidity, high positioning accuracy and quick response.
The invention can realize the closed-loop control based on the pre-tightening displacement, the closed-loop control based on the pre-tightening force, the free switching of positioning and constant-pressure pre-tightening through the piezoelectric actuator, the force sensor and the displacement sensor.
The invention can monitor the temperature of the bearing when the rotor runs through the temperature sensor.
The invention is used for revealing the interrelationship of the pretightening force, the main shaft thermal characteristic and the main shaft dynamic characteristic, and intelligently controlling the pretightening force according to the interrelationship of the pretightening force, the main shaft thermal characteristic and the main shaft dynamic characteristic.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a three-dimensional isometric view of a test stand of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an axial elevation view of the test stand of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a horizontal (A-A) cross-sectional view through the rotor axis of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a vertical (B-B) cross-sectional view through the rotor axis of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a transverse cross-sectional view perpendicular to the rotor axis (piezoelectric actuator position C-C) of the present invention;
reference numerals in the figures: 1. base, 2, rotor, 3, front end cap, 4, front sleeve, 5, front coolant inlet temperature sensor, 6, front coolant inlet fitting, 7, front coolant outlet temperature sensor, 8, front coolant outlet fitting, 9, actuator bracket, 10, rear coolant inlet temperature sensor, 11, rear coolant inlet fitting, 12, rear coolant outlet temperature sensor, 13, rear coolant outlet fitting, 14, rear sleeve, 15, set screw, 16, bearing IV temperature sensor, 17, rear end cap, 18, bearing III temperature sensor, 19, bearing IV, 20, bearing III, 21, encoder bracket, 22, bearing I temperature sensor, 23, first lock nut, 24, bearing I, 25, bearing II, 26, encoder, 27, bearing II temperature sensor, 28, rotor displacement sensor, 29, rotor displacement sensor bracket, 30, rear sleeve displacement sensor, 31, guide pin, 32, rear sleeve vibration sensor, 33, front sleeve vibration sensor, 34, first lock nut, 35, pre-tightening nut, 35, second lock nut, 37, water channel, 35, water channel, and water channel 38.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further described below with reference to specific embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1 to 5, a high-speed precise spindle pretightening force intelligent control test bed based on a piezoelectric actuator, wherein a front sleeve 4 and a rear sleeve 14 are respectively arranged at two ends of a base 1, and a rotor 2 is arranged in the front sleeve 4 and the rear sleeve 14 through bearings;
the front sleeve 4 is fixedly connected to the base 1 through a bolt, a bearing I24 and a bearing II 25 are arranged in the front sleeve 4 to mount the rotor 2, and the bearing I24 and the bearing II 25 are axially locked on the rotor 2 through a first locking nut 23; the two ends of the front sleeve 4 are respectively provided with a positioning end cover 35 and a front end cover 3, the positioning end cover 35 is fixedly connected with the inner end of the front sleeve 4 through bolts, and the front end cover 3 is fixedly connected with the outer end of the front sleeve 4 through threads and is used for compressing the bearing outer ring; the outer wall of the front sleeve 4 is provided with a first cooling water channel 34 along the circumference thereof; the front sleeve 4 is internally embedded with a bearing I temperature sensor 22 and a bearing II temperature sensor 27, wherein a probe of the bearing I temperature sensor 22 is positioned near the bearing I24 and used for detecting the working temperature of the bearing I24, and a probe of the bearing II temperature sensor 27 is positioned near the bearing II 25 and used for detecting the working temperature of the bearing II 25; a front sleeve vibration sensor 33 is embedded in the front sleeve 4 (the front sleeve vibration sensor 33 is embedded in the front sleeve 4 through a positioning end cover 35) for detecting a vibration signal of the front sleeve 4, namely, detecting a radial vibration signal when the rotor 2 rotates;
the rear sleeve 14 is slidably arranged on the base 1 through a guide pin 31, so that the rear sleeve 14 can axially slide along the base 1; the rear sleeve 14 is internally provided with a bearing III 20 and a bearing IV 19 for mounting the rotor 2, and the bearing III 20 and the bearing IV 19 are axially locked on the rotor 2 through a second locking nut 40; the outer end of the rear sleeve 14 is provided with a rear end cover 17 for compressing the bearing outer ring; a second cooling water passage 41 is provided on the outer cylinder wall of the rear sleeve 14 along the circumference thereof; a bearing III temperature sensor 18 and a bearing IV temperature sensor 16 are embedded in the rear sleeve 14, a probe of the bearing III temperature sensor 18 is positioned near a bearing III 20 and used for detecting the working temperature of the bearing III 20, and a probe of the bearing IV temperature sensor 16 is positioned near a bearing IV 19 and used for detecting the working temperature of the bearing IV 19; a rear sleeve vibration sensor 32 is also embedded in the rear sleeve 14 and is used for detecting a vibration signal of the rear sleeve 14, namely, a radial vibration signal when the rotor 2 rotates; a rear sleeve displacement sensor 30 is provided on the rear sleeve 14 for monitoring the axial displacement of the rear sleeve; the outer end of the rear sleeve 14 is provided with a positioning screw 15 for switching a constant pressure pre-tightening mode and a positioning pre-tightening mode under a preset pre-tightening force;
a piezoelectric actuator bracket 9 is arranged on the base 1 between the front sleeve 4 and the rear sleeve 14, three piezoelectric actuators 38 which are parallel to the rotor and used for pushing the rear sleeve 14 are uniformly distributed on the actuator bracket 9 along the circumference of the rotor 2 (three optical holes which are parallel to the rotor and used for installing the piezoelectric actuators 38 are uniformly distributed on the piezoelectric actuator bracket, the three piezoelectric actuators 38 are respectively arranged in the three parallel optical holes in a sliding manner), a force sensor 39 is fixed at one end of the piezoelectric actuators 38, which is opposite to the rear sleeve 14, the other end of the piezoelectric actuators 38 (namely, one end of the piezoelectric actuators 38, which is opposite to the front sleeve 4), is connected with a preload adjusting bolt 36 embedded on the actuator bracket 9, a locking nut 37 is arranged on the preload adjusting bolt 36, the piezoelectric actuators 38 are pushed to slide towards the rear sleeve 14 side in the optical holes through adjusting the preload adjusting bolt 36, so that the force sensor 39 at the end of the piezoelectric actuators 38 contacts the rear sleeve 14, initial axial preload is carried by the rear sleeve 14 (as the rear sleeve 14 is arranged on the base 1 in a sliding manner), the rear sleeve 14 drives the rear sleeve 14 in turn, the rear sleeve 2 is driven by the rear sleeve 14, the axial preload is controlled by the axial preload of the rotor is further axial preload of the rotor through the preload adjusting nut 37, and the axial preload of the rotor is controlled by the preload adjusting nut 37 is further;
a front coolant inlet pipe joint 6 and a front coolant outlet pipe joint 8 which are communicated with a first coolant water passage 34 of the front sleeve 4, and a rear coolant inlet pipe joint 11 and a rear coolant outlet pipe joint 13 which are communicated with a second coolant water passage 41 of the rear sleeve 14 are arranged on the base 1; the front coolant inlet pipe joint 6 is provided with a front coolant inlet temperature sensor 5 for monitoring the front coolant inlet temperature, the front coolant outlet pipe joint 8 is provided with a front coolant outlet temperature sensor 7 for monitoring the front coolant outlet temperature, the rear coolant inlet pipe joint 11 is provided with a rear coolant inlet temperature sensor 10 for monitoring the rear coolant inlet temperature, and the rear coolant outlet pipe joint 13 is provided with a coolant outlet temperature sensor 12 for monitoring the rear coolant outlet temperature;
a rotor displacement sensor bracket 29 is arranged on the base 1, the rotor displacement sensor bracket 29 is provided with a rotor displacement sensor 28, and the rotor displacement sensor 28 is used for monitoring the axial displacement of the rotor;
an encoder support 21 is provided on the base 1, the encoder support 21 is provided with an encoder 26, and the encoder 26 is used for monitoring the rotating speed of the rotor.
The invention discloses a use method of a high-speed precise spindle pretightening force intelligent control test bed based on a piezoelectric actuator, which comprises the following steps:
(1) After the test bed is assembled, cooling liquid and oil gas are used for lubrication, and the initial pretightening force of the rotor is set according to the highest rotating speed of the rotor (namely the main shaft) and the cooling and lubricating conditions; the three pretightening force adjusting bolts 36 are sequentially and circularly adjusted through the torque wrench, the pretightening force adjusting bolts push the piezoelectric actuator 38 to slide towards one side of the rear sleeve 14 in the unthreaded hole, so that a force sensor 39 at the end part of the piezoelectric actuator loads axial pretightening force to the rear sleeve 14, after the rear sleeve is stressed, the rear sleeve sequentially drives a rear bearing and a lock nut to load the axial pretightening force to the rotor, the magnitude of the axial pretightening force to the rotor is measured through the force sensor in the loading process, and the display values of the three force sensors are equal, and the sum of the display values is equal to the set initial pretightening force of the rotor;
(2) Under the static state of the rotor, the elongation of the three piezoelectric actuators is controlled to further load axial pre-tightening force on the rotor, and the pre-tightening force, the pre-tightening displacement of the rear sleeve and the pre-tightening displacement of the rotor are respectively acquired through a data acquisition card to obtain the correlation between the pre-tightening force and the pre-tightening displacement under the static state;
(3) The method comprises the steps of driving a rotor to rotate, measuring the rotating speed of the rotor through an encoder, respectively controlling the elongation of three piezoelectric actuators to further load axial pretightening force on the rotor according to the rotating speed of the rotor, enabling the display values of three force sensors to be equal and the sum of the display values to be equal to the preset pretightening force, and simultaneously respectively acquiring pretightening force, pretightening displacement of a rear sleeve, pretightening displacement of the rotor, temperature of a bearing and vibration of a front sleeve and a rear sleeve through a data acquisition card; gradually increasing the rotating speed until the maximum rotating speed of the rotor is reached;
(4) At a certain rotating speed, the pretightening force of the bearing can be changed or adjusted by changing the temperature and the flow rate of the rotor cooling liquid;
(5) And gradually reducing the rotating speed of the rotor after the experiment is completed, and gradually reducing the pretightening force according to the rotating speed until the initial pretightening force is restored.
In the test process, the fixed pressure pre-tightening mode under the preset pre-tightening force can be switched into the positioning pre-tightening mode through the rear sleeve displacement sensor 30 and the positioning screw 15:
the piezoelectric actuators are utilized to push the force sensors to apply target axial pretightening force to the rotor (the three piezoelectric actuators are utilized to push the force sensors to apply expected pretightening force to the rotor at the same time, so that the display values of the three force sensors are equal, the sum of the display values is equal to the set expected pretightening force value to the rotor), then the set screw 15 is sequentially and circularly regulated through the torque wrench, the axial pretightening force applied by the piezoelectric actuators is sequentially and circularly released, the display values of the three force sensors gradually tend to zero, and the constant pressure pretightening mode under the preset pretightening force can be switched to the positioning pretightening mode.
The foregoing has described exemplary embodiments of the invention, it being understood that any simple variations, modifications, or other equivalent arrangements which would not unduly obscure the invention may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. High-speed accurate main shaft pretightning force intelligent control test bench based on piezoelectric actuator is provided with front sleeve (4) and back sleeve (14) respectively at the both ends of base (1), and rotor (2) pass through the bearing and install in front sleeve and back sleeve, its characterized in that:
the front sleeve is fixed with the base, and the rear sleeve is arranged on the base in a sliding manner through a guide pin;
a piezoelectric actuator bracket (9) is arranged on the base between the front sleeve and the rear sleeve, a plurality of piezoelectric actuators (38) which are parallel to the rotor and used for pushing the rear sleeve are uniformly distributed on the actuator bracket along the circumference of the rotor, the piezoelectric actuators are slidably arranged in the unthreaded holes of the piezoelectric actuator bracket, a force sensor (39) is fixed at one end of each piezoelectric actuator, which is opposite to the rear sleeve, of each piezoelectric actuator, the other end of each piezoelectric actuator is connected with a pretightening force adjusting bolt (36) embedded on the actuator bracket, the piezoelectric actuators (38) are pushed to slide towards one side of the rear sleeve in the unthreaded holes through adjusting the pretightening force adjusting bolts, so that force sensors (39) at the end parts of the piezoelectric actuators are in contact with the rear sleeve, initial axial pretightening force is loaded to the rear sleeve, and the axial pretightening force to the rotor is further loaded through controlling the extension of the piezoelectric actuators (38), and the axial pretightening force to the rotor is measured through the force sensor in the loading process;
temperature sensors are embedded in the front sleeve and the rear sleeve and used for detecting the working temperature of the bearing;
vibration sensors are embedded in the front sleeve and the rear sleeve and used for detecting radial vibration signals when the rotor rotates;
a rear sleeve displacement sensor (30) is arranged on the rear sleeve and is used for monitoring the axial displacement of the rear sleeve;
a rotor displacement sensor (28) for monitoring the axial displacement of the rotor is arranged on the base;
an encoder (26) for monitoring the rotational speed of the rotor is provided on the base.
2. The intelligent control test bed for the pretightening force of the high-speed precise spindle based on the piezoelectric actuator, which is characterized in that: the front sleeve is fixedly connected to the base through a bolt, a bearing I and a bearing II are arranged in the front sleeve to mount the rotor, and the bearing I and the bearing II are axially locked on the rotor through a first locking nut; the two ends of the front sleeve are respectively provided with a positioning end cover (35) and a front end cover (3), the positioning end covers are fixedly arranged at the inner end of the front sleeve through bolt connection, and the front end covers are fixedly arranged at the outer end of the front sleeve through threads and are used for compressing the bearing outer ring.
3. The intelligent control test bed for the pretightening force of the high-speed precise spindle based on the piezoelectric actuator, which is characterized in that: the front sleeve is internally embedded with a bearing I temperature sensor (22) and a bearing II temperature sensor (27), wherein a probe of the bearing I temperature sensor is positioned near the bearing I and used for detecting the working temperature of the bearing I, and a probe of the bearing II temperature sensor is positioned near the bearing II and used for detecting the working temperature of the bearing II.
4. The intelligent control test bed for the pretightening force of the high-speed precise spindle based on the piezoelectric actuator, which is characterized in that: the rear sleeve is internally provided with a bearing III and a bearing IV for installing a rotor, and the bearing III and the bearing IV are axially locked on the rotor through a second locking nut; the outer end of the rear sleeve is provided with a rear end cover (17) for compressing the bearing outer ring.
5. The intelligent control test bed for the pretightening force of the high-speed precise spindle based on the piezoelectric actuator, which is characterized in that: the rear sleeve is internally embedded with a bearing III temperature sensor (18) and a bearing IV temperature sensor (16), a probe of the bearing III temperature sensor is positioned near the bearing III and used for detecting the working temperature of the bearing III, and a probe of the bearing IV temperature sensor is positioned near the bearing IV and used for detecting the working temperature of the bearing IV.
6. The intelligent control test bed for the pretightening force of the high-speed precise spindle based on the piezoelectric actuator, which is characterized in that: and three parallel light holes parallel to the rotor and used for installing the piezoelectric actuators are uniformly distributed on the piezoelectric actuator support, and the three piezoelectric actuators are respectively arranged in the three parallel light holes in a sliding manner.
7. The intelligent control test bed for the pretightening force of the high-speed precise spindle based on the piezoelectric actuator, which is characterized in that: and a positioning screw (15) is arranged at the outer end of the rear sleeve and used for switching a constant-pressure pre-tightening mode under a preset pre-tightening force and a positioning pre-tightening module.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201610976919.3A CN106896834B (en) | 2016-11-07 | 2016-11-07 | High-speed accurate main shaft pretightning force intelligent control test bench based on piezoelectric actuator |
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| CN201610976919.3A CN106896834B (en) | 2016-11-07 | 2016-11-07 | High-speed accurate main shaft pretightning force intelligent control test bench based on piezoelectric actuator |
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| CN108362415A (en) * | 2018-01-08 | 2018-08-03 | 沈阳建筑大学 | A kind of main shaft bearing pretightning force control experimental provision based on piezoelectric ceramics |
| CN111707461A (en) * | 2020-06-23 | 2020-09-25 | 惠州市速锋科技有限公司 | Pretightening force detection device for high-speed motorized spindle |
| CN112924072A (en) * | 2021-01-28 | 2021-06-08 | 宁波更大集团有限公司 | Torque measuring instrument |
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| CN102866006A (en) * | 2012-09-19 | 2013-01-09 | 西安交通大学 | Strong-generality comprehensive experiment table for testing dynamic and static properties of spindle system |
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