CN108956144B - Device and method for testing temperature rise and static rigidity of modular crossed roller bearing - Google Patents

Device and method for testing temperature rise and static rigidity of modular crossed roller bearing Download PDF

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CN108956144B
CN108956144B CN201810686887.2A CN201810686887A CN108956144B CN 108956144 B CN108956144 B CN 108956144B CN 201810686887 A CN201810686887 A CN 201810686887A CN 108956144 B CN108956144 B CN 108956144B
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bearing
displacement sensor
roller bearing
loading
displacement
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CN108956144A (en
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张广鹏
吕斌
任利娟
黄玉美
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Xian University of Technology
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Xian University of Technology
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
    • G01M13/04—Bearings
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K7/00—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements
    • G01K7/02—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements using thermoelectric elements, e.g. thermocouples
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces

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Abstract

The invention discloses a crossed roller bearing temperature rise testing mechanism, a crossed roller bearing angular rigidity testing mechanism, an axial rigidity testing mechanism and a radial rigidity testing mechanism. The invention also discloses a method for realizing the temperature rise test, the angular stiffness test, the axial stiffness test and the radial stiffness test of the crossed roller bearing by using the mechanisms. The cross roller bearing temperature rise test device has the advantages that the cross roller bearing temperature rise test device is simple in structure and multifunctional due to the adoption of a modular structure design, not only can the temperature rise test of the cross roller bearing be carried out, but also three rigidity values can be obtained through a loading test, and the cross roller bearing temperature rise test device has important significance for researching and testing the thermal state and static state characteristics of the cross roller bearing.

Description

Device and method for testing temperature rise and static rigidity of modular crossed roller bearing
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of mechanical equipment, relates to a temperature rise and static rigidity testing device for a modular crossed roller bearing, and further relates to a temperature rise and static rigidity testing method for the modular crossed roller bearing.
Background
The crossed roller bearing is a precise rotary unit, not only has small structural size, but also can simultaneously bear axial force, radial force and overturning moment, and is widely applied to the structures of numerical control turntables and robot joints of numerical control machines and other equipment. The temperature rise and the static rigidity of the crossed roller bearing directly influence the overall system performance of a machine tool and a robot, so that the method has important significance for accurately testing the temperature rise characteristic, the axial rigidity, the radial rigidity and the angular rigidity characteristic of the crossed roller bearing under different loads and rotating speeds by adopting an effective test method.
The thermal state and static state characteristic parameters of the crossed roller bearing are the basis of the performance prediction of complete machines such as a numerical control machine tool and a robot, reasonable matching of the bearing and the like, so that the temperature rise and static rigidity characteristics are important performance parameters of the crossed roller bearing. At present, only few bearing samples at home and abroad provide the data, and the parameters are incomplete, so that difficulty is caused in reasonably selecting the crossed roller bearing in the structural design of machine tools and robots, and a set of equipment and a method capable of actually measuring the static rigidity and the thermal state characteristics of the crossed roller bearing are urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a device for testing temperature rise and static rigidity of a modular crossed roller bearing, and solves the problems that no special device for testing the temperature rise and the static rigidity of the crossed roller bearing exists in the prior art, so that bearing sample data is lack, accuracy is poor, and use of the bearing sample data is influenced.
The invention further aims to provide a method for testing temperature rise and static rigidity of the modular crossed roller bearing.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that,
the first type is that the temperature rise test mechanism of the crossed roller bearing comprises a balancing weight which is fixedly arranged at the upper end of a shaft center hole of a rotary table, the rotary table is supported in a ring groove at the upper part of a base through a crossed roller bearing, an outer ring of the crossed roller bearing is fixed on the base through an upper pressure plate and a circle of bolt, and an inner ring of the crossed roller bearing is fixed on the rotary table through a lower pressure plate and another circle of bolt; the lower end of a shaft center hole of the rotary table is fixedly connected with a connecting shaft through threads, the connecting shaft is downwards connected with an output shaft of a motor through a coupler, and the motor is fixed in an inner cavity of the base;
the upper end face of the base is provided with a thermocouple mounting groove, a plurality of thermocouples are symmetrically mounted in the thermocouple mounting groove, and each thermocouple is in contact with the outer ring of the crossed roller bearing.
Secondly, a flange hole is radially formed in the circumference of the lower portion of the base, a loading sleeve is installed in the flange hole, the outer edge installation edge of the loading sleeve is fixed with the outer wall of the base through a bolt, and a loading bolt is sleeved in an inner hole of the loading sleeve through a thread; a torque measuring shaft is downwards sleeved in a shaft center hole of the rotary table, and a first steel ball, a sensor connecting shaft and a force sensor are sequentially connected between the loading bolt and the torque measuring shaft in a jacking mode; the loading sleeve, the loading bolt, the first steel ball, the sensor connecting shaft and the force sensor are called as a loading module together, and the loading module is installed in the radial direction;
the upper end face of the base is further symmetrically provided with a first displacement sensor support and a second displacement sensor support along the diameter direction, the first displacement sensor support is provided with a first displacement sensor, and the second displacement sensor support is provided with a second displacement sensor.
Thirdly, a support sleeve is fixedly installed on the upper end face of the base through a screw, a loading sleeve is fixedly installed in an axial center hole of the upper top face of the support sleeve through a bolt, and a loading bolt is sleeved in an inner hole of the loading sleeve through a thread; a connecting platform is sleeved at the upper end of a shaft center hole of the rotary table, and a first steel ball, a sensor connecting shaft and a force sensor are sequentially arranged between the downward direction of the loading bolt and the connecting platform.
Fourthly, the radial rigidity testing mechanism of the crossed roller bearing comprises a bearing seat and a radial intermediate shaft, wherein an outer ring of the crossed roller bearing is supported in a stepped hole of the bearing seat, an upper pressure plate on the outer ring of the crossed roller bearing is fixedly connected with the bearing seat, and an inner ring of the crossed roller bearing is fixed with a rotary table through a lower pressure plate; a radial intermediate shaft is sleeved in a shaft center hole of the rotary table, and the upper end and the lower end of the radial intermediate shaft are both arranged in a radial support through pressing blocks;
the loading device comprises a bearing seat, a bearing seat and a radial force application base, wherein a first steel ball, a sensor connecting shaft, a radial force sensor connecting block and a second steel ball are sequentially arranged between the loading bolt and the outer wall of the bearing seat, and the first steel ball, the sensor connecting shaft, the radial force sensor connecting block and the second steel ball are together called as a radial force loading module;
the radial bearing block is provided with a displacement measuring plane, namely a plane formed by the central axis of the radial middle shaft and the central axis of the loading bolt, a displacement testing unit is installed on the displacement measuring plane and comprises a displacement sensor III, a displacement sensor IV and a displacement sensor V, the three displacement sensors are all arranged on respective magnetic seats, the three magnetic seats are adsorbed on the workbench, the displacement sensor III is positioned on one side surface of the rotary table, the displacement sensor V is positioned on the other side surface of the rotary table, the displacement sensor IV is positioned on the side surface of the radial bearing block, and the displacement sensor IV is opposite to the steel ball II along the diameter direction; and the third displacement sensor and the fifth displacement sensor are used for measuring the displacement of the inner ring of the crossed roller bearing, and the fourth displacement sensor is used for measuring the displacement of the outer ring of the crossed roller bearing.
In another technical scheme adopted by the invention,
the first method is implemented by utilizing the temperature rise testing mechanism of the crossed roller bearing according to the following steps:
1.1) assembling a crossed roller bearing temperature rise testing mechanism and fixing a thermocouple;
1.2) starting a motor, keeping a rotating speed value unchanged, changing the mass of a balancing weight, operating for 5 hours, reading temperature values of all thermocouples, taking an average value, drawing a relation curve between the bearing temperature rise and the rotating speed under different load conditions, and obtaining the temperature rise and rotating speed change rule of the bearing;
and 1.3) keeping the mass of the balancing weight unchanged, changing the rotating speed of the motor, operating for 5 hours, reading the temperature value of each thermocouple, taking an average value, drawing a relation curve between the bearing temperature rise and the load under different rotating speed conditions, and obtaining the temperature rise and load change rule of the bearing.
The second method for testing the angular stiffness of the crossed roller bearing utilizes the angular stiffness testing mechanism of the crossed roller bearing and is implemented according to the following steps:
installing a loading module in a flange hole on the side wall of the lower part of a base, screwing a loading bolt to adjust the loading force to change the loading torque, recording the readings of a first displacement sensor and a second displacement sensor under the action of different torques, respectively calculating the corresponding torque load and the deflection angle value of a bearing, then drawing a relation curve between the torque and the deflection angle, fitting to obtain a functional relation formula of the relation, and obtaining the following bearing angular stiffness value by derivation, wherein the bearing angular stiffness value calculation formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0001711876970000041
Mt＝Ft·L，
Figure BDA0001711876970000042
where theta is the deflection angle of the bearing,1、1is the measured value of two displacement sensors, D is the distance between two displacement sensors, MtIs the overturning moment, FtIs outsideLoad, L being the length of the arm of the moment, KtIs the bearing angular stiffness.
Thirdly, the axial rigidity testing method of the bearing is implemented by using the axial rigidity testing mechanism of the crossed roller bearing according to the following steps:
3.1) installing an axial force loading module and zeroing the force sensor;
3.2) respectively installing the first displacement sensor and the second displacement sensor on the first displacement sensor support and the second displacement sensor support, and adjusting parameters to enable the parameters to be within the measuring range of the sensors;
3.3) starting loading, adjusting the magnitude of the axial force by changing the feeding amount of the loading bolt, and recording the readings of the first displacement sensor and the second displacement sensor under the action of different axial forces; the axial force is used as a vertical coordinate, the average value of readings of the two displacement sensors is used as a horizontal coordinate, a change curve is drawn, a functional relation is obtained through fitting, the axial stiffness of the bearing is obtained through derivation of the functional relation, and the calculation formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0001711876970000051
in the formula, KnIs an axial stiffness value, FnFor loaded axial force, XnThe axial rigidity value of the bearing can be obtained by measuring the displacement value by the sensor.
Fourthly, the bearing radial rigidity testing method is implemented by using the crossed roller bearing radial rigidity testing mechanism according to the following steps:
4.1) assembling a loading module of radial force, adsorbing three magnetic force gauge seats to a measuring position on a workbench, installing a third displacement sensor, a fourth displacement sensor and a fifth displacement sensor to enable the three displacement sensors to be positioned in a measuring surface, and setting parameters of the displacement sensors;
4.2) starting loading, changing the size of radial force by changing the feeding amount of a loading bolt, recording the readings of three displacement sensors under different radial forces, converting the size of radial deformation of the bearing according to the readings of the three displacement sensors, drawing a relation curve between the radial force and the radial deformation, fitting the relation curve into a functional relation, and obtaining the radial rigidity value of the bearing by derivation, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
X＝|Xr1-Xr2|，
Figure BDA0001711876970000052
in the formula, Xr1The average value of the readings of the third displacement sensor and the fifth displacement sensor represents the displacement value of the bearing inner ring; xr2The displacement value of the bearing outer ring is taken as the displacement value; frAs a radial force, KrIs the radial stiffness.
The cross roller bearing temperature rise test device has the advantages that the cross roller bearing temperature rise test device is simple in structure and multifunctional due to the adoption of a modular structure design, not only can the temperature rise test of the cross roller bearing be carried out, but also three rigidity values can be obtained through a loading test, and the cross roller bearing temperature rise test device has important significance for researching and testing the thermal state and static state characteristics of the cross roller bearing.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the cross roller bearing temperature rise test mechanism of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the cross roller bearing angular stiffness test mechanism installation of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the cross roller bearing axial stiffness testing mechanism installation of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the cross roller bearing radial stiffness test mechanism installation of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a cross roller bearing angular stiffness test schematic of the present invention.
In the figure, 1, an upper pressure plate, 2, a crossed roller bearing, 3, a lower pressure plate, 4, a rotary table, 5, a base, 6, a motor, 7, a coupler, 8, a connecting shaft, 9, a thermocouple, 10, a balancing weight, 11, a first displacement sensor, 12, a first displacement sensor support, 13, a torque measuring shaft, 14, a force sensor, 15, a sensor connecting shaft, 16, a first steel ball, 17, a loading bolt, 18, a loading sleeve, 19, a second displacement sensor, 20, a second displacement sensor support, 21, a support sleeve, 22, a connecting platform, 23, a third displacement sensor, 24, a fourth displacement sensor, 25, a fifth displacement sensor, 26, a radial intermediate shaft, 27, a bearing seat, 28, a radial force sensor connecting block, 29, a radial force applying base, 30, a radial support, 31, a pressing block and 32, a second steel ball are arranged.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1, the temperature rise testing mechanism for the crossed roller bearing of the present invention comprises a weight block 10 capable of adjusting mass, wherein the weight block 10 is fixedly installed at the upper end of an axial hole of a rotary table 4, the rotary table 4 is supported in an upper annular groove of a base 5 through a crossed roller bearing 2, an outer ring of the crossed roller bearing 2 is fixed on the base 5 through a circle of bolt by an upper pressure plate 1, and an inner ring of the crossed roller bearing 2 is fixed on the rotary table 4 through another circle of bolt by a lower pressure plate 3; the lower end of a shaft center hole of the rotary table 4 is fixedly connected with a connecting shaft 8 through threads, the connecting shaft 8 is downwards connected with an output shaft of a motor 6 through a coupler 7, and the motor 6 is fixed in an inner cavity of the base 5;
the balancing weight 10, the rotary table 4, the crossed roller bearing 2, the connecting shaft 8, the coupling 7 and the output shaft rotation axis of the motor 6 are all on the same straight line; the upper end surface of the base 5 is provided with a thermocouple mounting groove, a plurality of thermocouples 9 are symmetrically mounted in the thermocouple mounting groove, and each thermocouple 9 is contacted with the outer ring of the crossed roller bearing 2 so as to detect the temperature parameter of the crossed roller bearing 2.
As shown in fig. 2, the structure of the angular stiffness testing mechanism of the crossed roller bearing of the present invention is that, on the basis of fig. 1, the motor 6, the connecting shaft 8 and the coupling 7 are removed, a flange hole is radially opened on the lower circumference of the base 5, a loading sleeve 18 is installed in the flange hole, the outer edge installation edge of the loading sleeve 18 is fixed with the outer wall of the base 5 through a bolt, and a loading bolt 17 is sleeved in the inner hole of the loading sleeve 18 through a thread; a torque measuring shaft 13 is downwards sleeved in a shaft center hole of the rotary table 4, a first steel ball 16, a sensor connecting shaft 15 and a force sensor 14 are sequentially connected between the loading bolt 17 and the torque measuring shaft 13 in a jacking mode, and the radial center lines of the loading bolt 17, the first steel ball 16 and the force sensor 14 are in the same vertical plane with the torque measuring shaft 13 and the rotary axis of the rotary table 4; the loading sleeve 18, the loading bolt 17, the first steel ball 16, the sensor connecting shaft 15 and the force sensor 14 are called as a loading module together, and the loading module is installed in the radial direction;
the upper end face of the base 5 is further symmetrically provided with a first displacement sensor support 12 and a second displacement sensor support 20 along the diameter direction, a first displacement sensor 11 is arranged on the first displacement sensor support 12, a second displacement sensor 19 is arranged on the second displacement sensor support 20, and the first displacement sensor 11 and the second displacement sensor 19 are used for detecting relative displacement parameters between the inner ring and the outer ring of the crossed roller bearing 2.
Referring to fig. 3, the structure of the axial rigidity testing mechanism of the crossed roller bearing of the invention is that, on the basis of fig. 2, the loading module and the moment measuring shaft 13 which are installed in the radial direction are disassembled,
a support sleeve 21 is fixedly arranged on the upper end face of the base 5 through a screw, a loading sleeve 18 is fixedly arranged in a shaft center hole in the top face of the support sleeve 21 through a bolt, and a loading bolt 17 is sleeved in an inner hole of the loading sleeve 18 through a thread; a connecting platform 22 is sleeved at the upper end of the axial center hole of the rotary table 4, and a first steel ball 16, a sensor connecting shaft 15 and a force sensor 14 are sequentially arranged between the downward loading bolt 17 and the connecting platform 22;
one half of the sensor connecting shaft 15 is smoothly sleeved in an inner hole of the loading sleeve 18, namely the loading sleeve 18 plays a role in guiding the sensor connecting shaft 15; a first steel ball 16 is placed in a conical hole in the center of the upper surface of the sensor connecting shaft 15; the loading sleeve 18, the loading bolt 17, the sensor connecting shaft 15, the connecting platform 22 and the rotation axis of the turntable 4 are on the same straight line;
the loading module is axially installed, and the first displacement sensor 11 and the second displacement sensor 19 are used for detecting axial relative displacement parameters between the inner ring and the outer ring of the crossed roller bearing 2;
referring to fig. 4, the radial rigidity testing mechanism structure of the crossed roller bearing of the invention is that the turntable 4, the crossed roller bearing 2, the upper pressure plate 1 and the lower pressure plate 3 of the clamping bearing in fig. 1 are taken down in a whole set,
the cross roller bearing comprises a bearing seat 27 and a radial intermediate shaft 26, wherein an outer ring of a cross roller bearing 2 is supported in a step hole of the bearing seat 27, an upper pressure plate 1 on the outer ring of the cross roller bearing 2 is fixedly connected with the bearing seat 27, and an inner ring of the cross roller bearing 2 is fixed with a rotary table 4 through a lower pressure plate 3; a radial intermediate shaft 26 is sleeved in a shaft center hole of the rotary table 4, and the upper end and the lower end of the radial intermediate shaft 26 are both installed in a radial support 30 through pressing blocks 31;
the device also comprises a radial force application base 29, a loading bolt 17 is arranged in an inner hole of the radial force application base 29, a first steel ball 16, a sensor connecting shaft 15, a radial force sensor 14, a radial force sensor connecting block 28 and a second steel ball 32 are sequentially arranged between the loading bolt 17 and the outer wall of the bearing block 27, and the parts are called as a radial force loading module together;
the radial bearing seat 27 is provided with a displacement measuring plane, namely a plane formed by the central axis of the radial middle shaft 26 and the central axis of the loading bolt 17, a displacement testing unit is installed on the displacement measuring plane and comprises a third displacement sensor 23, a fourth displacement sensor 24 and a fifth displacement sensor 25, the three displacement sensors are all arranged on respective magnetic seats, the three magnetic seats are adsorbed on the workbench, the third displacement sensor 23 is positioned on one side surface of the rotary table 4, the fifth displacement sensor 25 is positioned on the other side surface of the rotary table 4, the fourth displacement sensor 24 is positioned on the side surface of the radial bearing seat 27, and the fourth displacement sensor 24 is opposite to the second steel ball 32 in the diameter direction; the third displacement sensor 23 and the fifth displacement sensor 25 are used for measuring the displacement of the inner ring of the crossed roller bearing 2, and the fourth displacement sensor 24 is used for measuring the displacement of the outer ring of the crossed roller bearing 2.
The four testing mechanisms adopt a modular structure, different loading modules are installed according to testing requirements, corresponding structures are flexibly assembled, and temperature rise testing, angular rigidity testing, axial rigidity testing and radial rigidity testing of the crossed roller bearing are achieved.
In the following steps, the crossed roller bearing 2 is referred to as a bearing for short, the outer ring of the crossed roller bearing 2 is in small-clearance fit with the base 5, and the inner ring of the crossed roller bearing 2 is in transition fit with the rotary table 4.
The device of the invention is used for respectively carrying out bearing temperature rise test, bearing angular stiffness test, bearing axial stiffness test and bearing radial stiffness test, and is implemented according to the following steps:
1. and (3) bearing temperature rise test:
1.1) assembling a testing mechanism according to the figure 1, and fixing a thermocouple 9;
1.2) starting the motor 6, keeping the rotating speed value unchanged, changing the mass of the balancing weight 10, operating for 5 hours, reading the temperature value of each thermocouple 9, averaging, drawing a relation curve between the bearing temperature rise and the rotating speed under different load conditions, and obtaining the temperature rise and rotating speed change rule of the bearing.
1.3) keeping the mass of the balancing weight 10 unchanged, changing the rotating speed of the motor 6, operating for 5 hours, reading the temperature value of each thermocouple 9, taking an average value, drawing a relation curve between the bearing temperature rise and the load under different rotating speed conditions, and obtaining the temperature rise and load change rule of the bearing.
2. Testing angular rigidity of the bearing:
according to the figure 2, a loading module is installed in a flange hole in the side wall of the lower portion of a base 5, a loading bolt 17 is screwed to adjust the loading force to change the loading moment, the readings of a first displacement sensor 11 and a second displacement sensor 19 under the action of different moments are recorded, the corresponding moment load magnitude and the deflection angle value of a bearing are calculated respectively, then a relation curve between the moment and the deflection angle is drawn, a functional relation formula of the moment and the deflection angle is obtained through fitting, and the following bearing angular rigidity value is obtained through derivation. As shown in fig. 5, the bearing angular stiffness value calculation formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0001711876970000091
Mt＝Ft·L(2)
Figure BDA0001711876970000101
where theta is the deflection angle of the bearing,1、1is the measured value of two displacement sensors, D is the distance between two displacement sensors, MtIs the overturning moment, FtFor external loads, L is the length of the arm under the action of moment, KtIs the bearing angular stiffness.
3. And (3) testing the axial rigidity of the bearing:
3.1) installing the axial loading module according to FIG. 3 and zeroing the force sensor 14;
3.2) respectively installing a first displacement sensor 11 and a second displacement sensor 19 on a first displacement sensor support 12 and a second displacement sensor support 20, and adjusting parameters to be within the measuring range of the sensors;
3.3) starting loading, adjusting the magnitude of the axial force by changing the feeding amount of the loading bolt 17, and recording the readings of the first displacement sensor 11 and the second displacement sensor 19 under different axial forces; the axial force is used as a vertical coordinate, the average value of readings of the two displacement sensors is used as a horizontal coordinate, a change curve is drawn, a functional relation is obtained through fitting, the axial stiffness of the bearing is obtained through derivation of the functional relation, and the calculation formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0001711876970000102
in the formula, KnIs an axial stiffness value, FnFor loaded axial force, XnThe axial rigidity value of the bearing can be obtained by measuring the displacement value by the sensor.
4. And (3) testing the radial rigidity of the bearing:
4.1) assembling a loading module of radial force according to the graph of fig. 4, adsorbing three magnetic force gauge seats to a measuring position on a workbench, installing a third displacement sensor 23, a fourth displacement sensor 24 and a fifth displacement sensor 25 to be positioned in a measuring surface, and setting parameters of the displacement sensors;
4.2) starting loading, changing the feeding amount of the loading bolt 17, changing the magnitude of the radial force, recording the readings of the three displacement sensors under different radial forces, converting the magnitude of radial deformation of the bearing according to the readings of the three displacement sensors, drawing a relation curve between the radial force and the radial deformation, fitting the relation curve into a functional relation, and obtaining the radial rigidity value of the bearing by derivation, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
X＝|Xr1-Xr2| (5)
Figure BDA0001711876970000111
in the formula, Xr1The average value of the readings of the third displacement sensor and the fifth displacement sensor represents the displacement value of the bearing inner ring; xr2The displacement value of the bearing outer ring is taken as the displacement value; frAs a radial force, KrIs the radial stiffness.

Claims (1)

1. A cross roller bearing test method utilizes a cross roller bearing test mechanism, and the structure of the cross roller bearing test mechanism is as follows: the rotary table comprises a balancing weight (10), wherein the balancing weight (10) is fixedly arranged at the upper end of an axial hole of a rotary table (4), the rotary table (4) is supported in an annular groove at the upper part of a base (5) through a crossed roller bearing (2), the outer ring of the crossed roller bearing (2) is fixed on the base (5) through an upper pressure plate (1) through a circle of bolt, and the inner ring of the crossed roller bearing (2) is fixed on the rotary table (4) through a lower pressure plate (3) through another circle of bolt; the lower end of a shaft center hole of the rotary table (4) is fixedly connected with a connecting shaft (8) through threads, the connecting shaft (8) is downwards connected with an output shaft of a motor (6) through a coupler (7), and the motor (6) is fixed in an inner cavity of the base (5); the upper end surface of the base (5) is provided with a thermocouple mounting groove, a plurality of thermocouples (9) are symmetrically mounted in the thermocouple mounting groove, each thermocouple (9) is contacted with the outer ring of the crossed roller bearing (2),
a flange hole is radially formed in the circumference of the lower part of the base (5), a loading sleeve (18) is installed in the flange hole, the outer edge installation edge of the loading sleeve (18) is fixed with the outer wall of the base (5) through a bolt, and a loading bolt (17) is sleeved in the inner hole of the loading sleeve (18) through a thread; a moment measuring shaft (13) is downwards sleeved in a shaft center hole of the rotary table (4), and a first steel ball (16), a sensor connecting shaft (15) and a force sensor (14) are sequentially connected between the loading bolt (17) and the moment measuring shaft (13) in a jacking mode; the loading sleeve (18), the loading bolt (17), the first steel ball (16), the sensor connecting shaft (15) and the force sensor (14) are called as a loading module together, and the loading module is installed in the radial direction; the upper end surface of the base (5) is also symmetrically provided with a first displacement sensor bracket (12) and a second displacement sensor bracket (20) along the diameter direction, the first displacement sensor bracket (12) is provided with a first displacement sensor (11), the second displacement sensor bracket (20) is provided with a second displacement sensor (19),
a support sleeve (21) is fixedly arranged on the upper end face of the base (5) through a screw, a loading sleeve (18) is fixedly arranged in a shaft center hole in the top face of the support sleeve (21) through a bolt, and a loading bolt (17) is sleeved in an inner hole of the loading sleeve (18) through a thread; a connecting platform (22) is sleeved at the upper end of the axial center hole of the rotary table (4), a first steel ball (16), a sensor connecting shaft (15) and a force sensor (14) are sequentially arranged between the downward loading bolt (17) and the connecting platform (22),
the cross roller bearing further comprises a bearing seat (27) and a radial intermediate shaft (26), the outer ring of the cross roller bearing (2) is supported in a stepped hole of the bearing seat (27), an upper pressure plate (1) on the outer ring of the cross roller bearing (2) is fixedly connected with the bearing seat (27), and the inner ring of the cross roller bearing (2) is fixed with the rotary table (4) through a lower pressure plate (3); a radial intermediate shaft (26) is sleeved in a shaft center hole of the rotary table (4), and the upper end and the lower end of the radial intermediate shaft (26) are both installed in a radial support (30) through pressing blocks (31); the device is characterized by also comprising a radial force application base (29), wherein a loading bolt (17) is arranged in an inner hole of the radial force application base (29), a first steel ball (16), a sensor connecting shaft (15), a radial force sensor (14), a radial force sensor connecting block (28) and a second steel ball (32) are sequentially arranged between the loading bolt (17) and the outer wall of the bearing seat (27), and the parts are called as a radial force loading module together; the bearing seat (27) is provided with a displacement measurement plane, namely a plane formed by the central axis of the radial middle shaft (26) and the central axis of the loading bolt (17), a displacement test unit is installed on the displacement measurement plane and comprises a displacement sensor III (23), a displacement sensor IV (24) and a displacement sensor V (25), the three displacement sensors are all arranged on respective magnetic seats, the three magnetic seats are adsorbed on the workbench, the displacement sensor III (23) is positioned on one side surface of the rotary table (4), the displacement sensor V (25) is positioned on the other side surface of the rotary table (4), the displacement sensor IV (24) is positioned on the side surface of the radial bearing seat (27), and the displacement sensor IV (24) is opposite to the steel ball II (32) in the diameter direction; a third displacement sensor (23) and a fifth displacement sensor (25) are used for measuring the displacement of the inner ring of the crossed roller bearing (2), a fourth displacement sensor (24) is used for measuring the displacement of the outer ring of the crossed roller bearing (2),
the method is characterized by comprising four performance testing methods, and is implemented by using the testing mechanism of the crossed roller bearing according to the following steps:
first, a temperature rise test method for a crossed roller bearing,
1.1) assembling a crossed roller bearing temperature rise testing mechanism, and fixing a thermocouple (9);
1.2) starting a motor (6), keeping a rotating speed value unchanged, changing the mass of a balancing weight (10), operating for 5 hours, reading the temperature value of each thermocouple (9), averaging, drawing a relation curve between the bearing temperature rise and the rotating speed under different load conditions, and obtaining the temperature rise and rotating speed change rule of the bearing;
1.3) keeping the mass of the balancing weight (10) unchanged, changing the rotating speed of the motor (6), operating for 5 hours, reading the temperature value of each thermocouple (9), averaging, drawing a relation curve between the bearing temperature rise and the load under different rotating speed conditions, and obtaining the temperature rise and load change rule of the bearing;
second, a cross roller bearing angular stiffness test method,
installing a loading module in a flange hole on the side wall of the lower part of a base (5), screwing a loading bolt (17) to adjust the loading force to change the loading torque, recording the readings of a first displacement sensor (11) and a second displacement sensor (19) under the action of different torques, respectively calculating the corresponding torque load and the deflection angle value of a bearing, then drawing a relation curve between the torque and the deflection angle, fitting to obtain a functional relation formula of the relation, obtaining the following bearing angular rigidity value by derivation, wherein the bearing angular rigidity value calculation formula is as follows:
Figure FDA0002581552370000031
Mt＝Ft·L，
Figure FDA0002581552370000032
where theta is the deflection angle of the bearing,1、1is two positionsMeasured value of displacement sensor, D is distance between two displacement sensors, MtIs the overturning moment, FtFor external loads, L is the length of the arm under the action of moment, KtBearing angular stiffness;
and thirdly, a bearing axial rigidity testing method,
3.1) installing an axial loading module and zeroing the force sensor (14);
3.2) respectively installing a first displacement sensor (11) and a second displacement sensor (19) on a first displacement sensor support (12) and a second displacement sensor support (20), and adjusting parameters to enable the parameters to be in the measuring range of the sensors;
3.3) starting loading, adjusting the magnitude of the axial force by changing the feeding amount of the loading bolt (17), and recording the readings of the first displacement sensor (11) and the second displacement sensor (19) under different axial forces; the axial force is used as a vertical coordinate, the average value of readings of the two displacement sensors is used as a horizontal coordinate, a change curve is drawn, a functional relation is obtained through fitting, the axial stiffness of the bearing is obtained through derivation of the functional relation, and the calculation formula is as follows:
Figure FDA0002581552370000041
in the formula, KnIs an axial stiffness value, FnFor loaded axial force, XnMeasuring a displacement value for a sensor, and then calculating the axial rigidity value of the bearing;
and fourthly, a bearing radial rigidity testing method,
4.1) assembling a loading module of radial force, adsorbing three magnetic force gauge seats to a measuring position on a workbench, installing a third displacement sensor (23), a fourth displacement sensor (24) and a fifth displacement sensor (25) to be positioned in a measuring surface, and setting parameters of the displacement sensors;
4.2) starting loading, changing the size of radial force by changing the feeding amount of a loading bolt (17), recording the readings of three displacement sensors under different radial forces, converting the size of radial deformation of the bearing according to the readings of the three displacement sensors, drawing a relation curve between the radial force and the radial deformation, fitting the relation curve into a functional relation, and obtaining the radial rigidity value of the bearing by derivation, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
X＝|Xr1-Xr2|，
Figure FDA0002581552370000051
in the formula, Xr1The average value of the readings of the third displacement sensor (23) and the fifth displacement sensor (25) represents the displacement value of the bearing inner ring; xr2The displacement value of the bearing outer ring is taken as the displacement value; frAs a radial force, KrIs the radial stiffness.
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