CN106895820A - The reverse coordinate transmission cultellation measuring method of tunnel shaft - Google Patents
The reverse coordinate transmission cultellation measuring method of tunnel shaft Download PDFInfo
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- CN106895820A CN106895820A CN201710072260.3A CN201710072260A CN106895820A CN 106895820 A CN106895820 A CN 106895820A CN 201710072260 A CN201710072260 A CN 201710072260A CN 106895820 A CN106895820 A CN 106895820A
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- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C5/00—Measuring height; Measuring distances transverse to line of sight; Levelling between separated points; Surveyors' levels
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Abstract
The invention discloses the reverse coordinate transmission cultellation measuring method of tunnel shaft, belong to deep shaft coordinate transmission cultellation technical field of construction, the measuring method is easy in the embedded point position in shaft bottom, take short well hole time, high precision, simple to operate, measuring speed is fast, practical, be easy to pile anchoring, be easy to carry out the transmission of deep shaft plane and elevation transmission is measured, be not easily susceptible to receive air-flow in vertical shaft and drip to influence.Comprise the following steps：(1) apparatus selection before cultellation and instrument verification are carried out；(2) laser plummet apparatus is set and inversely transmits cultellation；(3) total powerstation vertical shaft elevation inversely transmission treatment.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to deep shaft coordinate transmission cultellation technical field of construction, and in particular to the reverse coordinate transmission of tunnel shaft
Cultellation measuring method.
Background technology
In constructing tunnel, for accelerating construction progress and ventilation, major long tunnel particularly city tunnel tunnel is often adopted
Increase construction face with the method for increasing vertical shaft with accelerating construction progress, in order to ensure the opposite correct insertion of excavation face energy,
Just the coordinate in terrestrial net, direction and elevation must be delivered to underground via vertical shaft, underground is controlled net and ground
On control net coordinate system unification.Therefore, vertical shaft transmission connection survey just turns into the primary problem of construction.
The method of current vertical shaft plane connection survey is mainly using vertical shaft by the downward cultellation of well head in the embedded point position in shaft bottom
Carry out.Its specific practice is two steel wires of extension in pit shaft, and the upper end of steel wire is hauled with puffer on the ground, and lower end steel wire hangs
The geometric orientation measuring method of weight is hung, the method is due to by receiving air-flow in vertical shaft and dripping to influence, occurring plumb bob line inclined
Move and ceaselessly swing and may be only available for shallower, relatively low to the penetrating accuracy requirement shaft plumbing of vertical shaft, and vertical shaft is by well head
Downward cultellation is inconvenient in the embedded point position in shaft bottom, therefore, design is a kind of easy to use, and is not easily susceptible in vertical shaft by air-flow and drop
The reverse coordinate transmission cultellation measuring method of tunnel shaft of water influence seems very necessary.
The content of the invention
The present invention is to solve existing vertical shaft plane connection survey above shortcomings, there is provided erected in a kind of tunnel
Well reverse coordinate transmission cultellation measuring method, the measuring method is easy in the embedded point position in shaft bottom, takes that the well hole time is short, precision
High, simple to operate, measuring speed is fast, practical, be easy to pile anchoring, be easy to carry out the transmission of deep shaft plane and elevation transmission is surveyed
Amount, is not easily susceptible to receive air-flow in vertical shaft and drip to influence, and can guarantee that the laser of laser plummet apparatus irradiates straight up.
Above technical problem is solved by following technical proposal：
The reverse coordinate transmission cultellation measuring method of tunnel shaft, the vertical shaft inverted arch bottom surface at the embedded control point in vertical shaft shaft bottom
Inverted arch vertical holes is provided with, support is provided with inverted arch vertical holes, being provided with support up and down has the sphere of opening recessed
Groove, universal rotational is provided with spin in spherical groove, and laser plummet apparatus is fixed in the spin of spherical groove upper open end, in ball
Suspension rod is fixed with straight down in the spin of face groove lower open end, and gravitation ball, and laser are fixed with downrod lower end
The centre of sphere of the laser center line, the centre of sphere of Roll and gravitation ball of plumb aligner all falls on the extended line of the axial line of suspension rod；
Measuring method comprises the following steps：(1) apparatus selection before cultellation and instrument verification are carried out；(2) it is reverse that laser plummet apparatus is set
Transmission cultellation；(3) total powerstation vertical shaft elevation inversely transmission treatment.
This measuring method solves vertical shaft by the downward cultellation of well head using the reverse cultellation method of laser plummet apparatus of upward cultellation
The inconvenient problem in a position is buried in shaft bottom.The measuring method is convenient in the embedded point position in shaft bottom, takes that the well hole time is short, precision
High, simple to operate, measuring speed is fast, practical, be easy to pile anchoring, be easy to carry out the transmission of deep shaft plane and elevation transmission is surveyed
Amount, is not easily susceptible to receive air-flow in vertical shaft and drip to influence, and can guarantee that the laser of laser plummet apparatus irradiates straight up.
Preferably, carry out the apparatus selection before cultellation and instrument checking procedure including：
(1.1) laser plummet apparatus of choice accuracy 1/200000 comes card TS30 robot measurements as cultellation instrument and use
As the reverse transfer device of elevation, and calibration is carried out to laser plummet apparatus；
(1.2) laser plummet apparatus alidade is carried out into diameter measurement in different orientation, eliminates the water of laser plummet apparatus
Fiducial axis and instrument rotary shaft, collimation axis and the influence for rotating axle misalignment；
(1.3) on calibration platform or an elevation building is looked for, centering leveling first is carried out to laser plummet apparatus, then rotated
Laser plummet apparatus, checks whether laser plummet apparatus circular bubble and bubble tube are placed in the middle, make axis of levelling bubble parallel or perpendicular to sharp
The rotary shaft of light plumb aligner, is then respectively aligned to 0 ° of instrument scale, 90 °, 180 °, 270 ° of four scale sides by spirit level alidade
Position simultaneously rotates laser plummet apparatus alidade, and the center of graticle crosshair is observed by eyepiece, and seeing 4 Ge Dianwei centers of reading is
No coincidence, if, the center of the graticle crosshair of laser plummet apparatus overlaps with tester center of reticule, illustrates laser plumb
The collimation axis of instrument is vertical, illustrates that accuracy of instrument meets and requires, it is not necessary to adjustment；Otherwise, eyepiece protection cap, adjustment ten are opened
Word silk, until the center of reticule of laser plummet apparatus points to same point all the time.
Comprise the following steps preferably, setting laser plummet apparatus and inversely transmitting cultellation：
(2.1) vertical shaft shaft bottom control point is buried；
(2.2) Shaft bank operation stand is set up；
(2.3) the reverse cultellation of laser plummet apparatus；
(2.4) the reverse cultellation of well head is with ground control point connection survey.
Preferably, the embedded process in vertical shaft shaft bottom control point is：3 control points are buried in the suitable position in vertical shaft shaft bottom,
And the point position depth of burying at control point will be less than vertical shaft inverted arch bottom surface about 10cm；3 control points distance each other according to
The width dimensions of vertical shaft want to the greatest extent possible maximum, to improve vertically and horizontally precision during total powerstation pilot measurement；Should be noted at embedded point position
Meaning avoiding shelter.
Preferably, Shaft bank operation stand sets up process being：Laser plummet apparatus is erected on the control point of shaft bottom, is beaten
Open the workman that laser is easy on the pit mouth of ground and look for the position that operating platform is set up in wherein position, be in operating platform laser
Position reserved 150mm × 150mm and the preformed hole corresponding with shaft bottom control point vertical that beam passes through, it is ensured that vertical in laser beam
Upwards preformed hole can be passed through during irradiation；If being provided with leg around vertical shaft, operating platform significantly larger than leg is allowed.
Preferably, the reverse cultellation setting up procedure of laser plummet apparatus is：
(2.3.1) disposes laser plumb instrument：Three control points D0, D1 and D2 are set in shaft bottom, then in D0, D1, D2
Laser plummet apparatus is set up on these three control points respectively, and laser plummet apparatus centering is flattened；
(2.3.2) lays in reserved opening and receives target：D0 ', D1 ', D2 ' on well head straddle truck crossbeam operating platform this three
The clear glass of 200mm × 200mm is placed on the preformed hole of individual control point 150mm × 150mm respectively as reception target；
(2.3.3) diameter cultellation：Laser plummet apparatus Laser Power Devices are opened, beam of laser are had and is projected from telephotolens,
Project on the straddle truck crossbeam of well head top on the reception target of 150mm × 150mm preformed holes, using diameter method of reading, operation instrument
Device is respectively in 0 degree, 90 degree, 180 degree and 270 degree this four disk position cultellation positioning, the survey crew's marking pen on operating platform
Determine 4 LASER SPECKLE positions respectively on glass receiver board；The point position that 4 directions are thrown is constituted approximately on glass receiver board
In square, and require the foursquare length of side within 5mm；
(2.3.4) diameter intersects punctum：By 0 degree of point and 180 degree point and 90 degree of points and the interconnection of 270 degree of points, its friendship
Point is the vertical control point in the shaft bottom；
(2.3.5) forms triangular closed ring：Laser plummet apparatus is on well and D0 ' and D0, D1 ' and D1, D2 ' are cast in underground
And D2, and D0 ' and D0 are spatially 2 points, but just turn into 1 point when projecting to same plane；Similarly, D1 ' and D1 throws
Shadow also turns into 1 point to 1 point, D2 ' and D2 is also turned into during same plane when projecting to same plane；Wire passes through cultellation on well
It is linked to be a triangular closed ring, underground wire is also linked to be a triangular closed ring by cultellation；
(2.3.6) other 2 D0, D2 control points are communicated up cultellation using same method；
(2.3.7) close ring is detected：Reverse D0 ', D1 ', three control point groups of D2 ' thrown on well head top operating platform
Triangularity, using total powerstation TS30 inspections angle and distance relation each other, confirmation is thrown the interior of control point and meets essence
Degree；
(2.3.8) is repeated several times (2.3.1)~(2.3.7) steps, takes its cultellation position average.
Preferably, the reverse cultellation of well head is with ground control point connection survey process：Shaft bottom is inversely delivered to operation
Control point D0 ', D1 ', D2 ' on platform utilize total powerstation with WH1 the and WH2 control points near well head according in total powerstation hole two
Measuring method Deng wire carries out translocation, and total powerstation is no less than 6 survey time.
Preferably, total powerstation vertical shaft elevation inversely transmits processing procedure being：
(3.1) basic point pilot measurement：Using assay approval electronic level by ground elevation according to second-order levelling side
D0 ' in method and precision pilot measurement to shaft mouth operating bench, D1 ', on three control points of D2 '；
(3.2) instrumental constant is set：Before measurement, total powerstation is first placed on the domestic environment of vertical shaft endoadaptation about 20 minutes,
And total powerstation is searched for horizontal extent increasing 180 degree automatically, vertical search scope is reduced to 3 degree；
(3.3) elevation reverse sourcing：Searched for automatically using robot measurement, sighted automatically, automatic measurement, automatic record etc.
Function, places 1 spherical prism above the plumb line at Shaft bank Yu shaft bottom control point, and total powerstation centering leveling is erected at
On the D0 control points of shaft bottom, and measure height of instrument record in the reverse cultellation specific record form of elevation；Input prism before measurement
Constant；Total powerstation carrying handle is laid down, total powerstation is manually substantially concentrated one's gaze on the zenith prismosphere above well head, this is to only need to see whole station
The zenith angle of instrument display screen is shown as 0 degree, and unlatching total powerstation is searched for, sighted automatically automatically, automatic measurement function, total powerstation
The automatic prismosphere searched for and sight automatically on well head zenith direction starts measurement, now, shown by total powerstation display screen
Distance be vertical shaft elevation plus height of instrument；
(3.4) as the method that the reverse transmission method of elevation at D1 and D2 two shaft bottoms control point is transmitted with D0 elevations；
(3.5) elevation imports accuracy detection：After shaft bottom D0, D1 and D2 elevation is all imported and finished, in shaft bottom whole station
Whether instrument triangulated height or level meter detection close ring meet third measurement of the level required precision；If precision transfinites, find out
Reason simultaneously returns to the repetition benefit survey of (3.2) step；
(3.6) after tested, total powerstation does not need extra purchase to install diagonal eyepiece and can automatically sight zenith direction
Prism.
Above technical problem is solved by following technical proposal：
The present invention can reach following effect：
Measuring method of the invention using upward cultellation the reverse cultellation method of laser plummet apparatus, solve vertical shaft from well head to
Lower cultellation buries the inconvenient problem in a position in shaft bottom.The measuring method is convenient in the embedded point position in shaft bottom, take the well hole time it is short,
High precision, simple to operate, measuring speed is fast, practical, be easy to pile anchoring, be easy to carry out the transmission of deep shaft plane and elevation transmission
Measurement, is not easily susceptible to receive air-flow in vertical shaft and drip to influence, and can guarantee that the laser of laser plummet apparatus irradiates straight up.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of reverse cultellation schematic diagram of laser plummet apparatus of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a kind of reverse coordinate transmission cultellation construction survey method schematic flow sheet of deep shaft of invention the present embodiment.
Fig. 3 is a kind of use state schematic diagram for irradiating straight up of laser of embodiment of the present invention laser plummet apparatus.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated with embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Embodiment, the reverse coordinate transmission cultellation measuring method of tunnel shaft, referring to shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3.In vertical shaft well
Vertical shaft inverted arch bottom surface at the embedded control point in bottom is provided with inverted arch vertical holes, and support S1 is provided with inverted arch vertical holes,
Support is provided with the spherical groove S4 for having opening up and down, and universal rotational is provided with spin S3, laser plummet apparatus in spherical groove
S2 is fixed in the spin of spherical groove upper open end, is fixed with straight down in the spin of spherical groove lower open end and hung
Bar S5, gravitation ball S6 is fixed with downrod lower end, and the laser S7 center lines of laser plummet apparatus, the centre of sphere of Roll and
The centre of sphere of gravitation ball all falls on the extended line of the axial line of suspension rod.Measuring method comprises the following steps：(1) before carrying out cultellation
Apparatus selection and instrument are verified；(2) laser plummet apparatus is set and inversely transmits cultellation；(3) total powerstation vertical shaft elevation is inversely at transmission
Reason.
Carrying out the apparatus selection before cultellation and instrument checking procedure includes：
(1.1) laser plummet apparatus of choice accuracy 1/200000 comes card TS30 robot measurements as cultellation instrument and use
As the reverse transfer device of elevation, and calibration is carried out to laser plummet apparatus；
(1.2) laser plummet apparatus alidade is carried out into diameter measurement in different orientation, eliminates the water of laser plummet apparatus
Fiducial axis and instrument rotary shaft, collimation axis and the influence for rotating axle misalignment；
(1.3) on calibration platform or an elevation building is looked for, centering leveling first is carried out to laser plummet apparatus, then rotated
Laser plummet apparatus, checks whether laser plummet apparatus circular bubble and bubble tube are placed in the middle, make axis of levelling bubble parallel or perpendicular to sharp
The rotary shaft of light plumb aligner, is then respectively aligned to 0 ° of instrument scale, 90 °, 180 °, 270 ° of four scale sides by spirit level alidade
Position simultaneously rotates laser plummet apparatus alidade, and the center of graticle crosshair is observed by eyepiece, and seeing 4 Ge Dianwei centers of reading is
No coincidence, if, the center of the graticle crosshair of laser plummet apparatus overlaps with tester center of reticule, illustrates laser plumb
The collimation axis of instrument is vertical, illustrates that accuracy of instrument meets and requires, it is not necessary to adjustment；Otherwise, eyepiece protection cap, adjustment ten are opened
Word silk, until the center of reticule of laser plummet apparatus points to same point all the time.
Setting laser plummet apparatus inversely transmits cultellation and comprises the following steps：
(2.1) vertical shaft shaft bottom control point is buried；
(2.2) Shaft bank operation stand is set up；
(2.3) the reverse cultellation of laser plummet apparatus；
(2.4) the reverse cultellation of well head is with ground control point connection survey.
Bury process in vertical shaft shaft bottom control point：3 control points, and control point are buried in the suitable position in vertical shaft shaft bottom
The point position depth of burying to be less than vertical shaft inverted arch bottom surface about 10cm；Width of 3 control points distance each other according to vertical shaft
Size wants to the greatest extent possible maximum, to improve vertically and horizontally precision during total powerstation pilot measurement；Be should be noted that at embedded point position and avoid blocking
Thing.
Shaft bank operation stand sets up process is：Laser plummet apparatus is erected on the control point of shaft bottom, laser is opened just
The position that operating platform is set up in wherein position is looked in the workman on the pit mouth of ground, to be passed through in operating platform laser beam
Reserve 150mm × 150mm and the preformed hole corresponding with shaft bottom control point vertical in position, it is ensured that irradiate vertically upward in laser beam
When can pass through preformed hole；If being provided with leg around vertical shaft, operating platform significantly larger than leg is allowed.
The reverse cultellation setting up procedure of laser plummet apparatus is：
(2.3.1) disposes laser plumb instrument：Three control points D0, D1 and D2 are set in shaft bottom, then in D0, D1, D2
Laser plummet apparatus is set up on these three control points respectively, and laser plummet apparatus centering is flattened；
(2.3.2) lays in reserved opening and receives target：D0 ', D1 ', D2 ' on well head straddle truck crossbeam operating platform this three
The clear glass of 200mm × 200mm is placed on the preformed hole of individual control point 150mm × 150mm respectively as reception target；
(2.3.3) diameter cultellation：Laser plummet apparatus Laser Power Devices are opened, beam of laser are had and is projected from telephotolens,
Project on the straddle truck crossbeam of well head top on the reception target of 150mm × 150mm preformed holes, using diameter method of reading, operation instrument
Device is respectively in 0 degree, 90 degree, 180 degree and 270 degree this four disk position cultellation positioning, the survey crew's marking pen on operating platform
Determine 4 LASER SPECKLE positions respectively on glass receiver board；The point position that 4 directions are thrown is constituted approximately on glass receiver board
In square, and require the foursquare length of side within 5mm；
(2.3.4) diameter intersects punctum：By 0 degree of point and 180 degree point and 90 degree of points and the interconnection of 270 degree of points, its friendship
Point is the vertical control point in the shaft bottom；
(2.3.5) forms triangular closed ring：Laser plummet apparatus is on well and D0 ' and D0, D1 ' and D1, D2 ' are cast in underground
And D2, and D0 ' and D0 are spatially 2 points, but just turn into 1 point when projecting to same plane；Similarly, D1 ' and D1 throws
Shadow also turns into 1 point to 1 point, D2 ' and D2 is also turned into during same plane when projecting to same plane；Wire passes through cultellation on well
It is linked to be a triangular closed ring, underground wire is also linked to be a triangular closed ring by cultellation；
(2.3.6) other 2 D0, D2 control points are communicated up cultellation using same method；
(2.3.7) close ring is detected：Reverse D0 ', D1 ', three control point groups of D2 ' thrown on well head top operating platform
Triangularity, using total powerstation TS30 inspections angle and distance relation each other, confirmation is thrown the interior of control point and meets essence
Degree；
(2.3.8) is repeated several times (2.3.1)~(2.3.7) steps, takes its cultellation position average.
The reverse cultellation of well head is with ground control point connection survey process：Shaft bottom is inversely delivered to the control on operating platform
System point D0 ', D1 ', D2 ' utilization total powerstations with WH1 the and WH2 control points near well head according to second-class wire in total powerstation hole survey
Amount method carries out translocation, and total powerstation is no less than 6 survey time.
Total powerstation vertical shaft elevation inversely transmits processing procedure：
(3.1) basic point pilot measurement：Using assay approval electronic level by ground elevation according to second-order levelling side
D0 ' in method and precision pilot measurement to shaft mouth operating bench, D1 ', on three control points of D2 '；
(3.2) instrumental constant is set：Before measurement, total powerstation is first placed on the domestic environment of vertical shaft endoadaptation about 20 minutes,
And total powerstation is searched for horizontal extent increasing 180 degree automatically, vertical search scope is reduced to 3 degree；
(3.3) elevation reverse sourcing：Searched for automatically using robot measurement, sighted automatically, automatic measurement, automatic record etc.
Function, places 1 spherical prism above the plumb line at Shaft bank Yu shaft bottom control point, and total powerstation centering leveling is erected at
On the D0 control points of shaft bottom, and measure height of instrument record in the reverse cultellation specific record form of elevation；Input prism before measurement
Constant；Total powerstation carrying handle is laid down, total powerstation is manually substantially concentrated one's gaze on the zenith prismosphere above well head, this is to only need to see whole station
The zenith angle of instrument display screen is shown as 0 degree, and unlatching total powerstation is searched for, sighted automatically automatically, automatic measurement function, total powerstation
The automatic prismosphere searched for and sight automatically on well head zenith direction starts measurement, now, shown by total powerstation display screen
Distance be vertical shaft elevation plus height of instrument；
(3.4) as the method that the reverse transmission method of elevation at D1 and D2 two shaft bottoms control point is transmitted with D0 elevations；
(3.5) elevation imports accuracy detection：After shaft bottom D0, D1 and D2 elevation is all imported and finished, in shaft bottom whole station
Whether instrument triangulated height or level meter detection close ring meet third measurement of the level required precision；If precision transfinites, find out
Reason simultaneously returns to the repetition benefit survey of (3.2) step；
(3.6) after tested, total powerstation does not need extra purchase to install diagonal eyepiece and can automatically sight zenith direction
Prism.
The apparatus selection of the present embodiment is used for upslide including 1 high-precision intelligent total powerstation for being used for traverse survey, 1
The optics zenith instrument of point, 1 set of laser plummet apparatus, 4 prism, 1 use for being used for wire range finding angle measurement for downward cultellation
Mini micro-lens, 4 centering pedestal, 5 foot stools for being used to dispose instrument for disposing prism for using are imported in elevation
It is used for elevation importing with 2 and compares the steel tape that test is used.D3, D4, D5, D6 and D7 in Fig. 1 are underground control net and sit
Control point on mark system, it is the line between the control net control point of underground that d1, d2, d3, d4, d5 and d6 are.
This example can guarantee that the laser of laser plummet apparatus irradiates straight up.
One, with laser plummet apparatus, cultellation compares test to the reverse cultellation of laser plummet apparatus downward
Required for the precision for verifying the reverse cultellation of laser plummet apparatus meets, this measuring method is conventionally grasped by well head
Make the downward cultellation of platform.To reduce because of the influence that laser plummet apparatus precision is brought, it is 1/200000 Dalian La Tesheng to use precision
The EN-20 laser plummet apparatuses of product and the ZL zenith instruments that the precision of Witter company production is 1/200000 are relatively tested with ratio of precision.
On March 8th, 2014 is compared test in No. 2 vertical shafts of Borland Line for Passenger Transportation.No. 2 vertical shaft well depth 56.78m, shaft bottom inverted arch elevation
1064.000m, well head straddle truck crossbeam elevation 1129.85m.Respectively by two instrument of different operating method of nadir instrument and zenith instrument
Device is erected on the traveling straddle truck above shaft bottom and well head.Nadir instrument, straddle truck are set up on straddle truck crossbeam above well head
Crossbeam is apart from ground about 9m；Now, laser plummet apparatus measures cultellation apart from the height 66m at shaft bottom control point by live reality
Obtain EN-20 nadirs instrument consistent with ZL zenith instrument results, throw 3 errors in point measurement of control point D0, D1 and D2 all 1mm with
Interior, the penetrating accuracy requirement required for fully meeting shaft plumbing is illustrated using the reverse cultellation method of ZL zenith instruments is feasible, precision
Reliable, practicality simple to operate.Compare test result and be shown in Table 1 in detail.
The reverse cultellation of ZL zenith instruments of table 1 compares test result table with the EN-20 vertical cultellations of nadir instrument
2nd, inversely transmission compares test to total powerstation vertical shaft elevation with vertical chi introductory technique
The vertical chi introductory technique of tradition：Elevation transmission measurement is carried out using the method for the suspention 100m steel rulers in vertical shaft.On well and
Underground respectively disposes spirit level to read the B Sopwith staffs b2 on well head benchmark A Sopwith staffs a1 and shaft bottom D0 respectively；Then will identify
100m steel tapes are suspended in well；And the weight that phase homogenous quantities are examined and determine with steel ruler should be suspended in midair on steel ruler.Treat steel tape stabilization
Shi Jing is upper and underground spirit level passes through intercom reading a2 and b2 simultaneously；The survey time of independent observation three is answered every time, to be changed per the survey time
Height of instrument, three survey time measure on the ground, the discrepancy in elevation of underground bench mark is poor should be less than 3.0mm, the discrepancy in elevation that three survey time determined is carried out
Temperature, chi are long and deadweight tension force is corrected, and No. the three steel rulers reading that measurement draws is averaged.The elevation H of shaft bottom D0 pointsD0=HA+
(a1-b1)+(a2-b2)。
D1 with D2 steel tape introductory techniques with D0 as, after D0, D1, D2 all import after with shaft bottom spirit level measure closure
Ring, checks the precision for importing.
The total powerstation same step of elevation reverse sourcing method (3).
After tested, imported with traditional vertical chi using 3 points of gained elevations of total powerstation elevation vertical shaft reverse sourcing D0, D1, D2
Method result is consistent.In detail 2 are the results are shown in Table than survey.
The reverse elevation introductory technique of the total powerstation of table 2 compares test result with vertical chi introductory technique
| Introductory technique | D0(m) | D1(m) | D2 | Required precision |
| Total powerstation reverse sourcing method | 1063.8622 | 1063.8151 | 1063.9858 | ±3.1 |
| Hang down chi introductory technique | 1063.8613 | 1063.8143 | 1063.9871 | ±3.1 |
| Difference (mm) | +0.9 | +0.8 | -1.3 | ±3.1 |
| Conclusion | Meet required precision | Meet required precision | Meet required precision | Meet required precision |
The embodiments of the present invention above in conjunction with Description of Drawings, but do not limited by above-described embodiment when realizing, this area
Those of ordinary skill can within the scope of the appended claims make a variety of changes or change.
Claims (8)
1. the reverse coordinate of tunnel shaft transmits cultellation measuring method, it is characterised in that perpendicular at the embedded control point in vertical shaft shaft bottom
Well inverted arch bottom surface is provided with inverted arch vertical holes, and support is provided with inverted arch vertical holes, and be provided with support has out up and down
The spherical groove of mouth, universal rotational is provided with spin in spherical groove, and laser plummet apparatus is fixed on spherical groove upper open end
In spin, suspension rod is fixed with straight down in the spin of spherical groove lower open end, gravity is fixed with downrod lower end
Ball, and the centre of sphere of the laser post axial line, the centre of sphere of Roll and gravitation ball of laser plummet apparatus all falls in the axle center of suspension rod
On the extended line of line；Measuring method comprises the following steps：(1) apparatus selection before cultellation and instrument verification are carried out；(2) set and swash
Light plumb aligner inversely transmits cultellation；(3) total powerstation vertical shaft elevation inversely transmission treatment.
2. the reverse coordinate of tunnel shaft according to claim 1 transmits cultellation measuring method, it is characterised in that carry out cultellation
Preceding apparatus selection and instrument checking procedure includes：
(1.1) laser plummet apparatus of choice accuracy 1/200000 comes card TS30 robot measurement conducts as cultellation instrument and use
The reverse transfer device of elevation, and calibration is carried out to laser plummet apparatus；
(1.2) laser plummet apparatus alidade is carried out into diameter measurement in different orientation, eliminates the axis of levelling bubble of laser plummet apparatus
With instrument rotary shaft, collimation axis and the influence for rotating axle misalignment；
(1.3) on calibration platform or an elevation building is looked for, centering leveling first is carried out to laser plummet apparatus, then rotate laser
Plumb aligner, checks whether laser plummet apparatus circular bubble and bubble tube are placed in the middle, make axis of levelling bubble parallel or perpendicular to laser lead
Hang down instrument rotary shaft, then by spirit level alidade be respectively aligned to 0 ° of instrument scale, 90 °, 180 °, 270 ° of four scale orientation simultaneously
Laser plummet apparatus alidade is rotated, the center of graticle crosshair is observed by eyepiece, see whether 4 Ge Dianwei centers of reading weigh
Close, if, the center of the graticle crosshair of laser plummet apparatus overlaps with tester center of reticule, illustrates laser plummet apparatus
Collimation axis is vertical, illustrates that accuracy of instrument meets and requires, it is not necessary to adjustment；Otherwise, eyepiece protection cap, adjustment cross are opened
Silk, until the center of reticule of laser plummet apparatus points to same point all the time.
3. the reverse coordinate of tunnel shaft according to claim 1 transmits cultellation measuring method, it is characterised in that set laser
Plumb aligner inversely transmits cultellation and comprises the following steps：
(2.1) vertical shaft shaft bottom control point is buried；
(2.2) Shaft bank operation stand is set up；
(2.3) the reverse cultellation of laser plummet apparatus；
(2.4) the reverse cultellation of well head is with ground control point connection survey.
4. the reverse coordinate of tunnel shaft according to claim 3 transmits cultellation measuring method, it is characterised in that vertical shaft shaft bottom
Bury process in control point：3 control points are buried in the suitable position in vertical shaft shaft bottom, and the point position depth of burying at control point will
Less than vertical shaft inverted arch bottom surface about 10cm；3 control points distance each other according to the width dimensions of vertical shaft want to the greatest extent it is possible most
Greatly, improving vertically and horizontally precision during total powerstation pilot measurement；Avoiding shelter is should be noted that at embedded point position.
5. the reverse coordinate of tunnel shaft according to claim 3 transmits cultellation measuring method, it is characterised in that Shaft bank
Operation stand sets up process is：Laser plummet apparatus is erected on the control point of shaft bottom, laser is opened and is easy on the pit mouth of ground
Workman looks for the position that operating platform is set up in wherein position, the position to pass through in operating platform laser beam reserve 150mm ×
150mm and the preformed hole corresponding with shaft bottom control point vertical, it is ensured that preformed hole can be passed through when laser beam irradiates vertically upward；
If being provided with leg around vertical shaft, operating platform significantly larger than leg is allowed.
6. the reverse coordinate of tunnel shaft according to claim 3 transmits cultellation measuring method, it is characterised in that laser plumb
The reverse cultellation setting up procedure of instrument is：
(2.3.1) disposes laser plumb instrument：Shaft bottom set three control points D0, D1 and D2, then D0, D1, D2 this three
Laser plummet apparatus is set up on individual control point respectively, and laser plummet apparatus centering is flattened；
(2.3.2) lays in reserved opening and receives target：D0 ', D1 ', D2 ' on well head straddle truck crossbeam operating platform these three controls
The clear glass of 200mm × 200mm is placed on the preformed hole of system point 150mm × 150mm respectively as reception target；
(2.3.3) diameter cultellation：Laser plummet apparatus Laser Power Devices are opened, beam of laser is had and is projected from telephotolens, projected
On to well head top straddle truck crossbeam on the reception target of 150mm × 150mm preformed holes, using diameter method of reading, operating instrument point
Not in this four disk position cultellation positioning of 0 degree, 90 degree, 180 degree and 270 degree, the survey crew on operating platform is with marking pen in glass
4 LASER SPECKLE positions are determined on glass receiver board respectively；The point position that 4 directions are thrown constitutes on glass receiver board and is similar to just
It is square, and require the foursquare length of side within 5mm；
(2.3.4) diameter intersects punctum：It is by 0 degree of point and 180 degree point and 90 degree of points and the interconnection of 270 degree of points, its intersection point
It is the vertical control point in the shaft bottom；
(2.3.5) forms triangular closed ring：Laser plummet apparatus on well and underground cast D0 ' and D0, D1 ' and D1, D2 ' and
D2, and D0 ' and D0 are spatially 2 points, but just turn into 1 point when projecting to same plane；Similarly, D1 ' and D1 is projected
To 1 point is also turned into during same plane, D2 ' and D2 also turns into 1 point when projecting to same plane；Wire is connected by cultellation on well
Into a triangular closed ring, underground wire is also linked to be a triangular closed ring by cultellation；
(2.3.6) other 2 D0, D2 control points are communicated up cultellation using same method；
(2.3.7) close ring is detected：The reverse D0 ' thrown on well head top operating platform, D1 ', three control point compositions three of D2 '
Angular, using total powerstation TS30 inspections angle and distance relation each other, the precision of inner coincidence at control point is thrown in confirmation；
(2.3.8) is repeated several times (2.3.1)~(2.3.7) steps, takes its cultellation position average.
7. the reverse coordinate of tunnel shaft according to claim 3 transmits cultellation measuring method, it is characterised in that well head is reverse
Cultellation is with ground control point connection survey process：Shaft bottom is inversely delivered to control point D0 ', D1 ', D2 ' on operating platform
Translocation is carried out according to the measuring method of second-class wire in total powerstation hole with WH1 the and WH2 control points near well head using total powerstation,
Total powerstation is no less than 6 survey time.
8. the reverse coordinate of tunnel shaft according to claim 1 transmits cultellation measuring method, it is characterised in that total powerstation is erected
Well elevation inversely transmits processing procedure：
(3.1) basic point pilot measurement：Using assay approval electronic level by ground elevation according to second-order levelling method and
D0 ' on precision pilot measurement to shaft mouth operating bench, D1 ', on three control points of D2 '；
(3.2) instrumental constant is set：Before measurement, total powerstation is first placed on the domestic environment of vertical shaft endoadaptation about 20 minutes, and will
Total powerstation searches for horizontal extent and increases 180 degree automatically, and vertical search scope is reduced to 3 degree；
(3.3) elevation reverse sourcing：Searched for automatically using robot measurement, sighted automatically, the work(such as automatic measurement, automatic record
Can, 1 spherical prism is placed above the plumb line at Shaft bank Yu shaft bottom control point, total powerstation centering leveling is erected at well
On the D0 control points of bottom, and measure height of instrument record in the reverse cultellation specific record form of elevation；Input prism is normal before measurement
Number；Total powerstation carrying handle is laid down, total powerstation is manually substantially concentrated one's gaze on the zenith prismosphere above well head, this is to only need to see total powerstation
The zenith angle of display screen is shown as 0 degree, and unlatching total powerstation is searched for, sighted automatically automatically, automatic measurement function, and total powerstation is certainly
The dynamic prismosphere searched for and sight automatically on well head zenith direction starts measurement, now, shown by total powerstation display screen
Distance is vertical shaft elevation plus height of instrument；
(3.4) as the method that the reverse transmission method of elevation at D1 and D2 two shaft bottoms control point is transmitted with D0 elevations；
(3.5) elevation imports accuracy detection：After shaft bottom D0, D1 and D2 elevation is all imported and finished, in shaft bottom total powerstation three
Whether angle elevation or level meter detection close ring meet third measurement of the level required precision；If precision transfinites, reason is found out
And return to the repetition benefit survey of (3.2) step；
(3.6) after tested, total powerstation does not need extra purchase to install diagonal eyepiece and can automatically sight the prism of zenith direction.
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| CN110966994B (en) * | 2019-12-16 | 2022-02-22 | 中铁大桥局第七工程有限公司 | Shaft connection method and measuring device for shaft connection method |
| CN110966994A (en) * | 2019-12-16 | 2020-04-07 | 中铁大桥局第七工程有限公司 | Shaft connection method and measuring device for shaft connection method |
| CN111829492A (en) * | 2020-07-24 | 2020-10-27 | 中交第二航务工程局有限公司 | Laser plummet application-based contact measurement method |
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| CN114485584A (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2022-05-13 | 中铁第六勘察设计院集团有限公司 | Subway interval joint measurement method based on reverse joint measurement |
| CN114485584B (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2023-05-05 | 中铁第六勘察设计院集团有限公司 | Subway interval joint measurement method based on reverse connection measurement |
| CN114608546A (en) * | 2022-02-28 | 2022-06-10 | 上海市基础工程集团有限公司 | Device and method for measuring penetration of ultra-long distance shield tunnel |
| CN114608546B (en) * | 2022-02-28 | 2024-07-02 | 上海市基础工程集团有限公司 | Device and method for measuring penetration of ultra-long distance shield tunnel |
| CN115711606A (en) * | 2022-11-22 | 2023-02-24 | 中国电建集团西北勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Small-diameter TBM tunnel tunneling measurement control transfer method |
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