CN106891006B - A kind of selective laser fusing TC4 in-situ annealing goes residual stress method - Google Patents

A kind of selective laser fusing TC4 in-situ annealing goes residual stress method Download PDF

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CN106891006B
CN106891006B CN201710254587.2A CN201710254587A CN106891006B CN 106891006 B CN106891006 B CN 106891006B CN 201710254587 A CN201710254587 A CN 201710254587A CN 106891006 B CN106891006 B CN 106891006B
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remelting
laser
time
thin
residual stress
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CN106891006A (en
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王森
王国玉
刘基权
王林志
陈添
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Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology of CAS
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30—Process control
    • B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30—Process control
    • B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
    • B22F10/364—Process control of energy beam parameters for post-heating, e.g. remelting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30—Process control
    • B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
    • B22F10/366—Scanning parameters, e.g. hatch distance or scanning strategy
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/16—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of other metals or alloys based thereon
    • C22F1/18—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon
    • C22F1/183—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon of titanium or alloys based thereon
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
    • B22F2003/248—Thermal after-treatment
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of methods of residual stress for reducing precinct laser fusion increasing material manufacturing TC4 thin-wall workpiece, by the energy density input, the remelting number that are precisely controlled remelting processing, realize the function of print procedure self annealing, reduce the residual stress of precinct laser fusion increasing material manufacturing TC4 thin-wall workpiece, realize the rapid shaping of TC4 thin-wall part, inhibit cracking/deformation in print procedure, is conducive to popularization and application of the precinct laser fusion manufacturing technology in the manufacture of aviation field precise thin wall pieces.

Description

A kind of selective laser fusing TC4 in-situ annealing goes residual stress method
Technical field
The invention belongs to precinct laser fusion material increasing field, it is related to a kind of selective laser fusing TC4 in-situ annealing and goes Residual stress method.
Background technique
The appearance of precinct laser fusion increases material manufacturing technology (hereinafter referred to as SLM) reduces traditional machining mode in TC4 Waste of material in thin-wall workpiece manufacturing process shortens the research and development of products period, and its excellent in mechanical performance.However it is restricted Material properties, laser parameter, scanning strategy etc. influence in rapid melting and solidification process, SLM increasing material manufacturing components inner accumulation pole High residual stress, especially for the TC4 thin-wall part of aviation field application, the residual stress successively accumulated is in print procedure It is discharged in a manner of deformation/cracking, test specimen is caused just to generate irreversible damage in forming process, high forming is caused to be lost Rate is lost, greatly constrains and prepares TC4 thin-wall part using SLM technology.
Currently, there are two types of method come cope with precinct laser melt titanium alloy residual stress release problem, first is that test specimen into Row stress relief annealing, 201510508138.7 pairs how by control Post isothermal treatment technique come eliminate residual stress done it is detailed It illustrates, this method is only applicable to complete the test specimen of forming, another method is preheating printing substrate, reduces forming process Along the temperature gradient of powder deposition direction, weaken residual stress accumulation, but is limited to the temperature that machine internal components can be born, mesh Preceding business machine preheating temperature load is general all at 200 DEG C or so, and TC4 needs nearly 750 DEG C and is just able to achieve stress relief annealing, institute Reduce TC4 thin-wall workpiece residual stress in manufacturing process to be badly in need of one kind method simple to operate.
Summary of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the present invention are: reduce TC4 thin-wall workpiece residual stress accumulation in manufacturing process, Solve cracking/deformational behavior in TC4 thin-wall part manufacturing process.According to stress relief annealing principle, by deep to SLM technical matters Enter research, proposes the in-situ annealing method in SLM forming process, i.e., to current printable layer coagulation surface input energy again, It realizes residual stress size control, reduces thin-wall workpiece residual stress accumulation in manufacturing process.
In view of this, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of selective laser fusing TC4 in-situ annealings to go residual stress method Reach above-mentioned purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
1. a kind of selective laser fusing TC4 in-situ annealing goes residual stress method, comprising the following steps:
(1) one layer of titanium alloy powder is spread, current printing Titanium Powder last layer is melted and solidified；
(2) single layer for step (1) having been melted and having been solidified carries out laser remolten, and the remelting number is 1~10 time；
(3) step (1)-(2) are repeated until the manufacture of TC4 thin-wall workpiece finishes.
Further, the process conditions of step (1) powder fusing are: powdering 0.03~0.05mm of thickness, laser power 180~ 220W, 0.05~0.08mm of spot diameter, 110~130 μ s of time for exposure, laser point is away from 0.07~0.08mm, sweep span The cheque board scan mode of 0.14-0.16mm, 5~10mm size.
Further, step (2) remelting condition is: 150~190W of laser power, 0.14~0.5mm of spot diameter, when exposure Between 125~300 μ s, laser point is away from 0.03~0.1mm, the cheque board scan of sweep span 0.04~0.1mm, 5~10mm size Mode, remelting energy density are greater than 2.22J/mm2。
2. a kind of selective laser fusing TC4 in-situ annealing goes residual stress method, comprising the following steps:
(1) one layer of titanium alloy powder is spread, current printing Titanium Powder last layer is melted and solidified；
(2) it repeats step (1) 2~10 time, forms laminated titanium-alloy solidification layer；
(3) the laminated titanium-alloy solidification layer for step (2) having been melted and having been solidified carries out laser remolten, the remelting time Number is 1~10 time；
(4) step (1)-(3) are repeated until the manufacture of TC4 thin-wall workpiece finishes.
Further, the process conditions of step (1) powder fusing are: 180~220W of laser power, spot diameter 0.05~ 0.08mm, 110~130 μ s of time for exposure, for laser point away from 0.07~0.08mm, sweep span 0.14-0.16mm, 5~10mm is big Small cheque board scan mode, 0.03~0.05mm of powdering thickness.
Further, step (3) remelting condition is: 150~190W of laser power, 0.14~0.5mm of spot diameter, when exposure Between 125~300 μ s, laser point is away from 0.03~0.1mm, the cheque board scan of sweep span 0.04~0.1mm, 5~10mm size Mode, remelting energy density are greater than 2.22J/mm2。
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: TC4 thin-wall part is prepared using selective laser melting process, is divided into the completion of two steps, The first step is that powder is melted and solidified, second step be to melted and solidify single-layer or multi-layer carry out laser melt again, reduce Temperature gradient reduces stress accumulation, improves microstructure, realizes annealing effect.The rapid shaping of TC4 thin-wall part is realized, is pressed down The craze and transfiguration in print procedure has been made, has been conducive to precinct laser fusion manufacturing technology in the manufacture of aviation field precise thin wall pieces Popularization and application.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to keep the purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effects clearer, the present invention provides following attached drawing and carries out Illustrate:
Fig. 1 is that remelting energy density is 2.22~18J/mm2When TC4 thin-wall workpiece；
Fig. 2 is that remelting energy density is 0~1.79J/mm2When TC4 thin-wall workpiece；
Fig. 3 is TC4 thin-wall workpiece residual stress test point；
Fig. 4 is TC4 thin-wall workpiece residual stress test result.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with attached drawing, a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail.
Embodiment 1
Selective laser melting process is the process of layer-by-layer powdering accumulation fusing, and steps are as follows for the present embodiment:
(1) one layer of titanium alloy powder is spread, powdering thickness 0.05mm is melted and solidified to current printing Titanium Powder last layer； The melting process of powder are as follows: laser power 200W, spot diameter 0.075,125 μ s of time for exposure, laser point are swept away from 0.075mm Retouch spacing 0.15mm, the cheque board scan mode of 5mm size；
(2) single layer for step (1) having been melted and having been solidified carries out laser remolten, and the remelting number is 1 time；Remelting Technique are as follows: laser power 190W, spot diameter 0.3mm, 200 μ s of time for exposure, laser point is away from 0.05mm, sweep span The cheque board scan mode of 0.06mm, 5mm size is melted energy density again and is set to: 0J/mm2、0.25J/mm2、0.49J/ mm2、0.60J/mm2、0.74J/mm2、1.19J/mm2、1.79J/mm2、2.22J/mm2、4.0J/mm2、7.5J/mm2、7.5J/ mm2、14J/mm2、14J/mm2、18J/mm2, melt energy again with each and print a sample, amount to 14 samples, counter sample Number is shown in Table 1, wherein 0J/mm2It represents without carrying out remelting, so as to Comparative result；
(3) step (1)-(2) are repeated until the manufacture of TC4 thin-wall workpiece finishes.
1 TC4 thin-wall part of table number and corresponding relative energy density
Print result is as depicted in figs. 1 and 2, when remelting energy density is greater than 2.22J/mm2When, do not occur obviously cracking Phenomenon, when remelting energy density is less than 2.22J/mm2Or without carrying out remelting, there are different degrees of cracking behaviors.Fig. 3 is choosing The residual stress test point taken, each sample choose the test point of 3 different zones.Test results are shown in figure 4, with not into The sample of row remelting processing compares, TC4 thin-wall part prepared by the present invention, reduces along the residual stress for being parallel to deposition direction 85%~97%, reduce 81%~98% along the residual stress perpendicular to deposition direction, TC4 thin-wall part is greatly inhibited to select Strain cracking behavior in area's laser melting process greatly improves selective laser melting (SLM) molding technology and makes in Thin-walled Workpiece Make application.
Embodiment 2
It can be initially formed laminated titanium-alloy solidification layer, then laser remolten is carried out to it, steps are as follows for the present embodiment:
(1) one layer of titanium alloy powder is spread, powdering thickness 0.035mm is melted and solidified to current printing Titanium Powder last layer； Laser power 190W, spot diameter 0.07mm, 110 μ s of time for exposure, for laser point away from 0.07mm, sweep span 0.16mm, 8mm is big Small cheque board scan mode；
(2) it repeats step (1) 5 time, forms laminated titanium-alloy solidification layer；
(3) the laminated titanium-alloy solidification layer for step (2) having been melted and having been solidified carries out laser remolten, the remelting time Number is 2 times, and remelting condition is: laser power 160W, spot diameter 0.3mm, and 200 μ s of time for exposure, laser point is swept away from 0.06mm Retouch spacing 0.08mm, the cheque board scan mode of 8mm size, energy density 5.7J/mm2；
(4) step (1)-(3) are repeated until the manufacture of TC4 thin-wall workpiece finishes.
Finally, it is stated that preferred embodiment above is only used to illustrate the technical scheme of the present invention and not to limit it, although logical It crosses above preferred embodiment the present invention is described in detail, however, those skilled in the art should understand that, can be Various changes are made to it in form and in details, without departing from claims of the present invention limited range.

Claims (6)

1. a kind of selective laser fusing TC4 in-situ annealing goes residual stress method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) one layer of titanium alloy powder is spread, current printing Titanium Powder last layer is melted and solidified；
(2) single layer for step (1) having been melted and having been solidified carries out laser remolten, and the remelting number is 1 ~ 10 time；It is described Remelting condition is: 150 ~ 190W of laser power, 0.14 ~ 0.5mm of spot diameter, and 125 ~ 300 μ s of time for exposure, laser point is away from 0.03 ~ 0.1mm, 0.04 ~ 0.1mm of sweep span, remelting energy density are greater than 2.22 J/mm2；
(3) step (1)-(2) are repeated until the manufacture of TC4 thin-wall workpiece finishes.
2. the method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the process conditions of step (1) powder fusing are: powdering thickness 0.03 ~ 0.05mm, 180 ~ 220W of laser power, 0.05 ~ 0.08mm of spot diameter, 110 ~ 130 μ s of time for exposure, laser point away from 0.07 ~ 0.08mm, the cheque board scan mode of sweep span 0.14-0.16mm, 5 ~ 10mm size.
3. method according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that step (2) remelting condition is: 150 ~ 190W of laser power, light 0.14 ~ 0.5mm of spot diameter, 125 ~ 300 μ s of time for exposure, laser point is away from 0.03 ~ 0.1mm, sweep span 0.04 ~ 0.1mm, 5 ~ The cheque board scan mode of 10mm size, remelting energy density are greater than 2.22 J/mm2。
4. a kind of selective laser fusing TC4 in-situ annealing goes residual stress method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) one layer of titanium alloy powder is spread, current printing Titanium Powder last layer is melted and solidified；
(2) it repeats step (1) 2 ~ 10 time, forms laminated titanium-alloy solidification layer；
(3) the laminated titanium-alloy solidification layer for step (2) having been melted and having been solidified carries out laser remolten, and the remelting number is 1 ~ 10 time；150 ~ 190W of laser power, 0.14 ~ 0.5mm of spot diameter, 125 ~ 300 μ s of time for exposure, laser point away from 0.03 ~ 0.1mm, 0.04 ~ 0.1mm of sweep span, remelting energy density are greater than 2.22 J/mm2；
(4) step (1)-(3) are repeated until the manufacture of TC4 thin-wall workpiece finishes.
5. method according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the process conditions of step (1) powder fusing are: powdering thickness 0.03 ~ 0.05mm, 180 ~ 220W of laser power, 0.05 ~ 0.08mm of spot diameter, 110 ~ 130 μ s of time for exposure, laser point away from 0.07 ~ 0.08mm, the cheque board scan mode of sweep span 0.14-0.16mm, 5 ~ 10mm size.
6. according to the method for claim 4 or 5, which is characterized in that step (3) remelting condition is: 150 ~ 190W of laser power, light 0.14 ~ 0.5mm of spot diameter, 125 ~ 300 μ s of time for exposure, laser point is away from 0.03 ~ 0.1mm, sweep span 0.04 ~ 0.1mm, 5 ~ The cheque board scan mode of 10mm size, remelting energy density are greater than 2.22 J/mm2。
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