CN106857173A - A kind of cold canopy cultural method of cold-proof, preventing disease and pest pomegranate - Google Patents
A kind of cold canopy cultural method of cold-proof, preventing disease and pest pomegranate Download PDFInfo
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- CN106857173A CN106857173A CN201710261937.8A CN201710261937A CN106857173A CN 106857173 A CN106857173 A CN 106857173A CN 201710261937 A CN201710261937 A CN 201710261937A CN 106857173 A CN106857173 A CN 106857173A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of cold-proof, preventing disease and pest cold canopy cultural method of pomegranate, the method includes early November after building well, pruning, building well, and proping carries out button canopy after tree body fallen leaves, canopy centre-height is 3.5~3.7m, width 8.4m, 1.8~2m of shoulder height, canopy side is provided with controllable openings；Late November, daytime, temperature of shed was aerated up to more than 0 DEG C opening controllable openings, and temperature of shed is made after ventilation no more than 15 DEG C, and night temperature of shed is closed controllable openings and be incubated at 0 to 3 DEG C.The method of the present invention is antifreeze to pomegranate, cold-proof effect obvious, can throughout the year using canopy is not taken off, and time and labour saving, anti-disease pest effect is good, is conducive to the sustainable development of pomegranate industry.The many effects of one canopy, both can make pomegranate winter be in rational temperature environment with cold-proof, and Ventilation Control is convenient, can take shelter from rain again, it is to avoid summer dehiscent fruit, bad fruit, while summer insect prevention, mosquito-proof can also be facilitated.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of cold-proof, preventing disease and pest cold canopy cultural method of pomegranate, belong to technical field of pesticide.
Background technology
Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) belongs to Punicaceae (Punicaceae) Punica (Punica) deciduous fruit tree, former
The torrid zone such as Iran, Afghanistan and subtropical zone are produced, fruit is rich in bioactivator, and healthcare function is strong, is described as super water
Really, increasingly by consumers.Existing more than the 2000 years cultivation history of China pomegranate, is mainly distributed on Shandong, Yunnan, four
The ground such as river, Anhui, Shaanxi, Henan and Xinjiang.The warm chilly of pomegranate happiness, the winter dormancy phase, different journeys occurred at -12 DEG C or so
Degree ground freeze injury, mainly in the hillside fields band growth on the sunny side of each main producing region, the cultivation of Plain Fructus Fici tikouae is also not on a large scale.Come from geographical position
See, Shandong District belongs to the secondary suitable cultivation area of pomegranate, winter climate is dried, and temperature is relatively low, there is freeze injury more, serious limitation
The development of pomegranate industry.The especially extreme low temperature of 2015, making " ten thousand mu of Pomegranate Gardens " of Zaozhuang Yi Cheng, to be subject to history unmatched
The cold calamity of example, economic loss is serious.How to be adopted an effective measure and freeze injury loss is minimized level, set up the cultivation of pomegranate flat land
Training technical system, is problem in the urgent need to address in actual production.
At present, it is in pomegranate cultivation to use base portion ridging, trunk whitewashing, tie up straw rope, fumigation, plastic film parcel and spray anti-more
Freeze the measures such as agent prevention pomegranate freeze injury.During these measure expenses, take a lot of work, and cold-proof effect is undesirable, branch is easily drained, and runs into pole
End weather can still cause freeze injury.Therefore, it is badly in need of the cultivation technique that a kind of energy is cold-proof, management is easy in pomegranate production.
The content of the invention
In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of cold-proof, preventing disease and pest cold canopy cultural method of pomegranate.
Term explanation：
Major branch：Directly from mitogenetic big branch out in central backbone (center leader is dry) on fruit tree, what the present invention referred to
The big branch of ground floor branched away on Shi Cong centers are dry.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions：
A kind of cold canopy cultural method of cold-proof, preventing disease and pest pomegranate, including step is as follows：
(1) building well
Early April, select flat land, by pomegranate seedlings with seeding row spacing as 2.8-3.2m × plantation of the specification of 1-2.5m；
(2) pruning
Done surely at 80~100cm of ground in plant after plantation, selected center does during the tip 25~30cm long, removed competing
Strive branch, stay 3~4 major branches on center is dry, major branch draws branch to below horizontal when growing to 40~50cm, the new side sent on center is dry
Branch is long to draw branch to below horizontal to 30~40cm；
(3) canopy is detained
Early November after building well, proping carries out button canopy after tree body fallen leaves, and canopy centre-height is 3.5~3.7m, width
8.4m, 1.8~2m of shoulder height, canopy side is provided with controllable openings；
(4) cold canopy management
Late November, daytime, temperature of shed was aerated up to more than 0 DEG C opening controllable openings, and temperature of shed is made after ventilation not
More than 15 DEG C, night temperature of shed is closed controllable openings and is incubated at 0 to -3 DEG C.
According to currently preferred, step (1) pomegranate seedlings are the pomegranate seedlings of 2~3cm of ground diameter, 1.5 × 3m of seeding row spacing,
Per 666.7m2140~150 plants of pomegranate seedlings.
According to currently preferred, tree-like after step (2) shaping is slender spindle-shaped, 3~3.5m of the height of tree.
According to currently preferred, it is 100~120 ° that step (2) draws major branch and the angle of center-pole after branch, overgrowing branch with
The angle of center-pole is 100~120 °, and center is dry to carry out bondage using bamboo pole, prevents tree body from lodging.
According to currently preferred, step (3) support is built using hot dip galvanizing pipe, after putting up, covers plastics thin
Film；Canopy lateral distance 0.7~0.8m of ground stays the road of film-pressing tank 1, fixed bottom plastic film；Pressure is stayed at 1.5~2m of ground
The road of film groove 1, the film between twice film-pressing tank is controllable openings, and film passes through wound membrane machine controlling switch.
According to currently preferred, the both sides of step (3) cold canopy are provided with controllable openings, and the height of controllable openings is
0.8~1.2m, length is consistent with the length of cold canopy.
According to currently preferred, after step (4) button canopy, thermometer is set in canopy, temperature change is recorded daily, timing
Ventilation.
According to currently preferred, the cold canopy management in step (4), in 2 months December to next year, the outer temperature of canopy is below 0 DEG C
When, closing controllable openings need not be aerated, and controllable openings were opened 0.2~0.3m and entered by the outer temperature of canopy at 10~15 DEG C daytime
Row ventilation；March, the outer temperature of canopy is opened 0.2~0.3m and is aerated at 10~15 DEG C, by controllable openings, and night is without closing
Controllable openings, after April, controllable openings are opened completely；After June pomegranate full-bloom stage, fly net, 10 are installed at opening
After month fruit harvesting, fly net can be extractd；The canopy body that summer retains apart from more than 1.5 meters of ground makees rain shelter cultivation.
Cultural method of the invention is carried out in Shandong, and the pomegranate kind of selection is that Mount Taishan is red, the 2nd year, single plant yield after cultivation
It is 3~5kg, the 3rd year, single plant yield was 8~12kg.
Cold canopy of the invention according to actual temperature and wind direction can open the controllable openings of unilateral or bilateral, management
It is convenient and swift, it is time saving and energy saving.
Advantages of the present invention is as follows：
1st, cultural method of the invention carries out antifreeze, cold-proof, antifreeze, cold-proof effect in the form of proping button canopy after fallen leaves
Fruit substantially, can throughout the year using canopy is not taken off, and time and labour saving, anti-disease pest effect is good, is conducive to the sustainable development of pomegranate industry.
2nd, using proping button canopy after fallen leaves, many effects of a canopy both can make the pomegranate winter to cultural method of the invention with cold-proof
Rational temperature environment is in season, Ventilation Control is convenient, can take shelter from rain again, it is to avoid summer dehiscent fruit, bad fruit, while the summer can also be facilitated
It is season insect prevention, mosquito-proof.
3rd, cultural method shaping of the invention coordinates proping button canopy to improve the yield of pomegranate.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the cold canopy cultivation schematic diagram of cold-proof, preventing disease and pest pomegranate of the invention.
Specific embodiment
Below by specific embodiment, the present invention will be further described, but not limited to this.
Embodiment 1
A kind of cold canopy cultural method of cold-proof, preventing disease and pest pomegranate, comprises the following steps that：
(1) building well
Early April, from the Megranate seedling of 2~3cm of ground diameter, 1.5 × 3m of seeding row spacing is colonized on flat land, often
666.7m2Plant 148 plants.
(2) pruning
Fixed dry at 80~100cm of ground after field planting, selected center does during young sprout 25~30cm long, removes competitive branch,
Stay 3~4 major branches.Major branch turns round 110 ° of the tip to below horizontal so that bud differentiation forms fruitful branch when growing to 40~50cm.Center
The overgrowing branch sent on dry is long extremely below horizontal to 110 ° of the tip is turned round during 30~40cm.The dry bondage bamboo pole in center, prevents tree body from lodging.
Tree body shaping after 2 years, other are Routine Management.Using slender spindle-shaped, 3~3.5m of the height of tree.
(3) canopy is detained
Canopy is detained behind Shandong District, early November tree body fallen leaves.Cold canopy support uses hot dip galvanizing pipe (diameter 3.2cm, tube wall
Thick 1.5mm), canopy centre-height is 3.5m, width 8.4m, shoulder height 1.8m, and length is depending on ground.After support is put up, plastics are covered
Film.0.7m stays the road of film-pressing tank 1, fixed plastics film from the ground for canopy side；The road of film-pressing tank 1 is stayed at 1.5m, it is fixed above herein
Plastic sheeting；Wound membrane machine is connected at 0.8~1.5m, in case aeration-cooling, effect is as shown in Figure 1 after button canopy.
(4) cold canopy management
After buckling well canopy, thermometer at 2~3 is set in canopy, temperature change, timing ventilation are recorded daily.In Shandong District,
Late November, upper ventilation on 0 DEG C of daytime, no more than 15 DEG C；At 0 to -3 DEG C, wound membrane insulation is put down in ventilation to nocturnal temperature.March
In the middle ten days, divulged information completely when nocturnal temperature is more than 10 DEG C, while installing insect prevention at 0.8~1.5m in the middle of the twice film-pressing tank of canopy side
Net.Summer, retain more than 1.5 meters plastic sheetings and make rain shelter cultivation, reduce pest and disease damage.Other are Routine Management.
The 2nd year after cultivation, single plant yield is 3~5kg, and the 3rd year, single plant yield was 8~12kg.
Embodiment 2
A kind of cold canopy cultural method of cold-proof, preventing disease and pest pomegranate, as described in Example 1, except that：
Step (3)：Canopy is detained behind Shandong District, early November tree body fallen leaves.Cold canopy support uses hot dip galvanizing pipe:, in canopy
The heart is highly 3.7m, width 8.4m, shoulder height 2m, and length is depending on ground.After support is put up, plastic sheeting is covered.Canopy side is liftoff
Face 0.8m stays the road of film-pressing tank 1, fixed plastics film；The road of film-pressing tank 1 is stayed at 1.5m, herein above fixed plastics film；0.8~
Wound membrane machine is connected at 1.5m, in case aeration-cooling.Can transplant 3 rows in each canopy, improve greenhouse utilization ratio.
Comparative example 1
A kind of cold canopy cultural method of pomegranate, as described in Example 1, except that：The method does not use proping button canopy
Mode, and be utilized in trunk tie up straw rope earthing mode carry out it is cold-proof.
Experimental example：
By the method for the method of embodiment of the present invention 1-2 and comparative example 1 by after cold-proof treatment, testing the pomegranate of the 3rd year
Single plant yield, temperature when environment is extremely trembled with fear：-12℃.
The method of the method for the present invention and comparative example see the table below shown in 1 to pomegranate freeze injury and the influence of yield index,
The cultural method of table 1 is to pomegranate freeze injury and the influence of yield index
| Project | Freeze injury rate (%) | Single plant yield (kg) | |
| Embodiment 1 | 0 | 12 | 1776 |
| Embodiment 2 | 3 | 10 | 1480 |
| Comparative example 1 | 45 | 6 | 888 |
By upper table as can be seen that the present invention can substantially reduce pomegranate freeze injury, and pomegranate yield can be improved.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of cold canopy cultural method of cold-proof, preventing disease and pest pomegranate, including step is as follows：
(1) building well
Early April, select flat land, by pomegranate seedlings with seeding row spacing as 2.8-3.2m × plantation of the specification of 1-2.5m；
(2) pruning
Done surely at 80~100cm of ground in plant after plantation, selected center does during the tip 25~30cm long, removal competition
Branch, stays 3~4 major branches on center is dry, and major branch draws branch to below horizontal when growing to 40~50cm, the overgrowing branch sent on center is dry
It is long to draw branch to below horizontal to 30~40cm；
(3) canopy is detained
Early November after building well, proping carries out button canopy after tree body fallen leaves, and canopy centre-height is 3.5~3.7m, width 8.4m, shoulder
1.8~2m high, canopy side is provided with controllable openings；
(4) cold canopy management
Late November, daytime, temperature of shed was aerated up to more than 0 DEG C opening controllable openings, was no more than temperature of shed after ventilation
15 DEG C, night temperature of shed is closed controllable openings and is incubated at 0 to -3 DEG C.
2. the cold canopy cultural method of cold-proof, preventing disease and pest pomegranate according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step
(1) pomegranate seedlings are the pomegranate seedlings of 2~3cm of ground diameter, 1.5 × 3m of seeding row spacing, per 666.7m2140~150 plants of pomegranate seedlings.
3. the cold canopy cultural method of cold-proof, preventing disease and pest pomegranate according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step (2) is whole
Tree-like after shape is slender spindle-shaped, 3~3.5m of the height of tree.
4. the cold canopy cultural method of cold-proof, preventing disease and pest pomegranate according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step (2) is drawn
Major branch and the angle of center-pole are 100~120 ° after branch, and overgrowing branch is 100~120 ° with the angle of center-pole, and center is dry to be used
Bamboo pole carries out bondage, prevents tree body from lodging.
5. the cold canopy cultural method of cold-proof, preventing disease and pest pomegranate according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step (3) is propped up
Frame is built using hot dip galvanizing pipe, after putting up, covers plastic sheeting；Canopy lateral distance 0.7~0.8m of ground stays film-pressing tank 1
Road, fixed bottom plastic film；The road of film-pressing tank 1 is stayed at the 1.5m of ground, the film between twice film-pressing tank is controllable openings,
Film passes through wound membrane machine controlling switch.
6. the cold canopy cultural method of cold-proof, preventing disease and pest pomegranate according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step (3) is cold
The both sides of canopy are provided with controllable openings, and the height of controllable openings is 0.8~1.2m, and length is consistent with the length of cold canopy.
7. the cold canopy cultural method of cold-proof, preventing disease and pest pomegranate according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step (4) is detained
After canopy, thermometer is set in canopy, temperature change, timing ventilation are recorded daily.
8. the cold canopy cultural method of cold-proof, preventing disease and pest pomegranate according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step (4)
The management of cold canopy, in 2 months December to next year, when the outer temperature of canopy is less than 0 DEG C, closing controllable openings need not be aerated, daytime canopy
Outer temperature is opened 0.2~0.3m and is aerated at 10~15 DEG C, by controllable openings；March, the outer temperature of canopy, will at 10~15 DEG C
Controllable openings are opened 0.2~0.3m and are aerated, and night need not close controllable openings, after April, controllable openings be beaten completely
Open；After June pomegranate full-bloom stage, fly net is installed at opening, after October fruit harvesting, fly net can be extractd；Summer
Retain the canopy body apart from more than 1.5 meters of ground and make rain shelter cultivation.
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| CN201710261937.8A CN106857173B (en) | 2017-04-20 | 2017-04-20 | Cold-proof and disease and pest prevention pomegranate cold-shed cultivation method |
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| CN201710261937.8A CN106857173B (en) | 2017-04-20 | 2017-04-20 | Cold-proof and disease and pest prevention pomegranate cold-shed cultivation method |
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| CN106857173B CN106857173B (en) | 2020-07-17 |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109479574A (en) * | 2017-09-13 | 2019-03-19 | 山东省果树研究所 | A kind of apricot Protectorate cultivation greenhouse and its temprature control method |
| CN110663426A (en) * | 2019-11-04 | 2020-01-10 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | Pomegranate tree double-layer felt cloth covering overwintering protection method |
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| CN105941065A (en) * | 2016-06-14 | 2016-09-21 | 刘玉峰 | Soft-seed pomegranate greenhouse planting method |
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| CN103081770A (en) * | 2013-01-07 | 2013-05-08 | 湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所 | Novel shed frame pear tree shape and reshaping method thereof |
| CN103563707A (en) * | 2013-10-28 | 2014-02-12 | 田凡 | Trunk shape cultivation technique for peach trees |
| CN104823787A (en) * | 2015-04-15 | 2015-08-12 | 娄志 | Planting method for greenhouse pomegranate in sandy land |
| CN105165510A (en) * | 2015-07-10 | 2015-12-23 | 江苏福泰农业科技有限公司 | High quality and high yield high density cultivation method for peaches |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109479574A (en) * | 2017-09-13 | 2019-03-19 | 山东省果树研究所 | A kind of apricot Protectorate cultivation greenhouse and its temprature control method |
| CN110663426A (en) * | 2019-11-04 | 2020-01-10 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | Pomegranate tree double-layer felt cloth covering overwintering protection method |
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| CN106857173B (en) | 2020-07-17 |
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