CN106855568B - Model test device and method for influence of freeze thawing on deformation of bedding rock slope - Google Patents
Model test device and method for influence of freeze thawing on deformation of bedding rock slope Download PDFInfo
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- CN106855568B CN106855568B CN201710062492.0A CN201710062492A CN106855568B CN 106855568 B CN106855568 B CN 106855568B CN 201710062492 A CN201710062492 A CN 201710062492A CN 106855568 B CN106855568 B CN 106855568B
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/24—Earth materials
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B5/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
- G01B5/30—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. mechanical strain gauge
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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- G01N25/02—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating changes of state or changes of phase; by investigating sintering
- G01N25/04—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating changes of state or changes of phase; by investigating sintering of melting point; of freezing point; of softening point
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a model test device and a method for influence of freeze thawing on deformation of a bedding rock slope, wherein the model test device comprises a U-shaped slope platform which is obliquely arranged, a jack is arranged at the bottom of one end of the U-shaped slope platform, which is positioned at the horizontal high end, a buffer platform is movably connected with one end of the U-shaped slope platform, which is positioned at the horizontal low end, and a drain hole is formed in the buffer platform; a heating device is arranged at the periphery of the U-shaped sloping platform; the utility model can effectively solve the problems that the existing device cannot adjust the slope angle of the bedding rock slope, cannot simulate the effect of freeze thawing on the bedding rock slope and the like, and has the advantages of convenient operation, visual monitoring and the like, and has important significance for guiding the stability evaluation and treatment of the bedding rock slope in a cold region.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a model test device and a method for influence of freeze thawing on deformation of a bedding rock slope, belongs to the field of geological engineering, and particularly relates to a test method for influence of freeze thawing cycle action on deformation of the bedding rock slope, which is suitable for research on analysis of deformation damage mechanism and stability of the bedding rock slope in cold areas of China.
Background
The stability problem of the bedding rock slope is one of the common engineering geology problems in the mountain railway construction process and is also one of the important problems closely focused by railway constructors. In northern areas of China, due to long railway construction period, excavated bedding rock slopes often need to be subjected to repeated freeze thawing actions, and due to the fact that the influence mechanism of frost heaving actions on deformation and stability of the bedding rock slopes is complex, experience similar to deformation characteristics and stability evaluation of slope engineering can be used as a reference, and therefore research on influence of freeze thawing on deformation of the bedding rock slopes becomes a problem to be solved urgently. The influence of the freeze thawing effect on the deformation of the bedding rock slope is researched by adopting a physical simulation test model, and the method has the advantages of convenience in operation, intuitionistic monitoring and the like, and has important significance in guiding the stability evaluation of the rock slope and engineering treatment.
At present, the research on a model test device and a test method for the influence of freeze thawing on the deformation of a bedding rock slope is relatively few, and most of the model test device and the test method are influence researches on the stability of the bedding rock slope in a natural state, a rainfall state or an excavation state. For example, the Chinese patent 'bedding rock slope slip test system' (bulletin number: CN204882545U, bulletin date: 2015.12.16) provides a bedding rock slope slip test system. The utility model discloses a light reinforcement structure of a bedding rock slope (the authority bulletin number: CN201099861Y, the authority bulletin date: 2008.8.13), which comprises shearing-resistant anchor rods arranged in rows and columns on a slope surface, wherein each shearing-resistant anchor rod penetrates into a stable bedrock through an anchor hole and is connected with the stable bedrock in an anchoring manner, and a connecting member arranged on the slope surface is fixedly connected with the outer anchor head of each shearing-resistant anchor rod. The utility model discloses a rock pile slope freeze-thawing cycle action deformation physical model test device and a rock pile slope freeze-thawing cycle action deformation physical model test method, which are applicable to rock pile slope deformation damage mechanism analysis and stability research in northern extremely cold areas of China.
At present, in the existing bedding rock slope model test, the influence of the freeze thawing action on the bedding rock slope is not considered, and the slope angle of the rock slope cannot be adjusted, so that the influence of the special freeze thawing working condition on the deformation damage of the bedding rock slope cannot be developed.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model aims to solve the technical problem of providing a model test device and a method for influence of freeze thawing on deformation of a bedding rock slope, which can effectively solve the problems that the conventional device cannot adjust the slope angle of the bedding rock slope, cannot simulate the effect of freeze thawing on the bedding rock slope and the like.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows: the model test device for the influence of freeze thawing on the deformation of a bedding rock slope comprises a U-shaped slope platform which is obliquely arranged, wherein a jack for lifting the U-shaped slope platform is arranged at the bottom of one end of the U-shaped slope platform, which is positioned at the horizontal high end, a buffer platform for opening or closing the end part of the U-shaped slope platform is movably connected with one end of the U-shaped slope platform, which is positioned at the horizontal low end, and a drain hole penetrating through the buffer platform is formed in the buffer platform; a heating device is arranged at the periphery of the U-shaped sloping platform; the top of the two lateral plates of the U-shaped sloping platform is provided with rails extending along the length direction of the two lateral plates of the U-shaped sloping platform, a plurality of sliding seats which can slide along the length direction of the rails and can be fixed on the rails are arranged on the rails, the sliding seats on the rails are connected in one-to-one correspondence through cross beams, and a plurality of dial indicators are arranged on the cross beams.
The beneficial effects of the utility model are as follows: the utility model can effectively solve the problems that the prior device can not adjust the slope angle of the bedding rock slope, can not simulate the effect of freeze thawing on the bedding rock slope, and the like, has the advantages of convenient operation, visual monitoring and the like, is suitable for a physical simulation experiment for simulating the influence of freeze thawing on the deformation of the bedding rock slope in northeast area, and has important significance for guiding the evaluation and treatment of the stability of the bedding rock slope in cold areas.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the utility model can be improved as follows.
Further, the cross beam is a metal cross beam, and the dial indicator is fixed on the cross beam through an electromagnet.
The beneficial effects of adopting the further scheme are as follows: the dial indicator is fixed by adopting the electromagnet, so that the dial indicator can be conveniently installed and detached.
Further, the heating device is an iodine tungsten lamp.
The beneficial effects of adopting the further scheme are as follows: the heating device adopts an iodine tungsten lamp, and the heating temperature is adjusted according to the requirement.
Further, a jack rail arranged along the length direction of the U-shaped sloping platform is fixed at the bottom of one end of the U-shaped sloping platform, which is positioned at the horizontal high end, the top of the jack is arranged in the jack rail, and the top of the jack can slide in the jack rail.
The beneficial effects of adopting the further scheme are as follows: the bottom of the end of the U-shaped sloping platform, which is positioned at the horizontal high end, is provided with a jack rail, and the top of the piston of the jack slides along the jack rail in the process of jacking and dropping the piston of the jack, so that the range of the jack for adjusting the inclination angle of the U-shaped sloping platform is enlarged.
Further, the number of the jack tracks is two, the two jack tracks are symmetrically arranged relative to the central line of the U-shaped sloping platform in the length direction, and the two jack tracks are correspondingly connected with the two jacks.
The beneficial effects of adopting the further scheme are as follows: two jack tracks are arranged at the bottom of one end of the U-shaped sloping platform, which is positioned at the horizontal high end, so that the U-shaped sloping platform can be stably lifted in the process of jacking the U-shaped sloping platform.
Further, the two sides of the U-shaped sloping platform at one end of the horizontal low end are respectively provided with a bearing fixedly arranged through a concrete base, two bearing parts are provided with connecting shafts, two ends of each connecting shaft are respectively arranged on the two bearings, and each connecting shaft penetrates through and is fixedly connected with one end of the buffer platform.
The beneficial effects of adopting the further scheme are as follows: the buffer platform is driven to rotate through the connecting shaft, so that the U-shaped slope platform is closed and opened at one end of the horizontal low end.
Further, two the track is fixed respectively the top of the both sides board of U type sloping platform, be equipped with T type groove on the track, the bottom of sliding seat be with T type groove assorted "last" shape structure, the bottom of sliding seat is established in the T type inslot, be equipped with a plurality of edges on the track the screw that track length direction evenly set up, be equipped with in the screw can with the bottom mounting of sliding seat is in the bolt in the T type groove.
The beneficial effects of adopting the further scheme are as follows: the T-shaped groove is formed in the rail, the bottom of the sliding seat is arranged to be of an inverted T-shaped structure matched with the T-shaped groove, the sliding seat can move in the T-shaped groove and is positioned through the bolt, and the sliding seat is simple in structure and convenient to slide.
Further, the rail is provided with a scale arranged along the length direction of the rail.
The beneficial effects of adopting the further scheme are as follows: the setting of scale can make things convenient for the location of sliding seat.
Further, a support for supporting the buffer platform is arranged at the bottom of the buffer platform, a drainage tube with one end communicated with the drainage hole is arranged at the bottom of the buffer platform, and the other end of the drainage tube is connected with a drainage ditch.
The beneficial effects of adopting the further scheme are as follows: the drainage tube can lead out the water that slides to the buffer platform, makes things convenient for the clearance of water stain.
Further, a jack base for supporting the jack is arranged at the bottom of the jack.
The beneficial effects of adopting the further scheme are as follows: the jack base can support the jack and can improve the angle of the jack for lifting the U-shaped slope platform.
A model test method of influence of freeze thawing on deformation of a bedding rock slope is provided, which adopts the model test device of influence of freeze thawing on deformation of a bedding rock slope to carry out the model test of influence of freeze thawing on deformation of a bedding rock slope, and comprises the following steps:
step one, carrying out field geological investigation: measuring the stratum yield and the stratum thickness of the bedding rock slope through field macroscopic geological survey;
step two, preparing stone plates and saturated clay: determining the similarity ratio of a model test, determining and prefabricating the size of a stone plate used in the model, and soaking in water at 0 ℃ for standby after prefabrication is completed to prepare saturated clay;
step three, a jack is arranged: lifting a piston of a jack at the bottom of the horizontal high end of the U-shaped sloping platform until the gradient of the U-shaped sloping platform is equal to the inclination angle of the rock stratum;
step four, setting a buffer platform: sealing the end part of the horizontal low end of the U-shaped sloping platform by using a buffer platform, blocking a drain hole, and uniformly smearing butter on one surface of the buffer platform facing the U-shaped sloping platform;
step five, constructing a bedding rock slope: uniformly smearing butter on two side walls of a U-shaped slope table, arranging three layers of stone plates on the U-shaped slope table from bottom to top, filling saturated clay between the stone plates to form a bedding rock slope model together, determining at least 1 monitoring section on the surface of the model, and marking;
step six, setting a dial indicator: adjusting the position of the cross beam and the dial indicator so that a measuring head of the dial indicator is propped against the surface of the rock slope and the side surface of the rock stratum at the top of the monitoring section, and recording initial readings;
step seven, simulating a freezing process: sprinkling water on the rock slope to fully saturate the stone plates and clay, keeping the temperature of the model at-5 ℃ to-25 ℃ to fully freeze the model, and recording the readings of each dial indicator;
step eight, simulating an ice melting process: rotating the buffer platform to enable the buffer platform to be horizontally arranged, clearing butter, dredging drain holes, starting a heating device, keeping the indoor temperature at 10-20 ℃, fully melting ice in the model, and recording readings of a dial indicator;
step nine, simulating freeze thawing cycle action: and (3) repeating the step seven and the step eight, so that the freeze-thawing cycle action of the rock slope can be completed for a plurality of times, and the influence and the damage characteristic of the freeze-thawing cycle action on the deformation of the rock slope are analyzed.
The beneficial effects of adopting above-mentioned scheme are: the method can effectively solve the problems that the existing device cannot adjust the slope angle of the bedding rock slope, cannot simulate the effect of freeze thawing on the bedding rock slope and the like, has the advantages of convenient operation, visual monitoring and the like, is suitable for a physical simulation experiment for simulating the influence of freeze thawing on deformation of the bedding rock slope in northeast, and has important significance for guiding the evaluation and treatment of stability of the bedding rock slope in cold regions.
Further, in the seventh and eighth steps, when deformation of the rock slope is small, the piston of the jack under the U-shaped slope is gradually raised until the rock slope is instable and slides to the buffer platform, and meanwhile, readings of dial indicators of monitoring points under different slopes are recorded, deformation and damage characteristics of the rock slope are studied, and stability coefficients of the rock slope are calculated.
The beneficial effects of adopting the further scheme are as follows: the piston through the jack rises gradually, can make rock slope slip to buffer platform after unstability, the dial indicator reading of each monitoring point under the different slopes of record, research rock slope's deformation destruction characteristic.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a top view of the present utility model;
FIG. 2 is a side view of the present utility model;
FIG. 3 is a rear view of the present utility model;
FIG. 4 is a front view of a model box prior to construction of a bedding rock slope;
FIG. 5 is a front view of a model box after construction of a bedding rock slope and before freeze thawing experiments;
FIG. 6 is a front view of the slide mount and rail and cross beam;
FIG. 7 is a side view of the connection of the bearing to the U-shaped steel plate box and the buffer platform;
FIG. 8 is a front view of a dial indicator connected to a steel beam;
in the drawings, the list of components represented by the various numbers is as follows:
101. the hydraulic lifting device comprises a U-shaped slope platform, 102, a jack, 103, a connecting shaft, 104, a buffer platform, 105, a drain hole, 106, a sliding seat, 107, a beam, 108, a stone slab, 109, a jack track, 110, a jack base, 111, a scale, 112, a dial indicator, 113, a heating device, 114, an electromagnet, 115, a measuring head, 116, a dial indicator, 117, a track, 118, a concrete base, 119, a support, 120, a bolt, 121, a square hole, 122, a bearing, 123, a drainage tube, 124, a drainage ditch, 125, a T-shaped groove, 126 and a screw hole.
Detailed Description
The principles and features of the present utility model are described below with reference to the drawings, the examples are illustrated for the purpose of illustrating the utility model and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the utility model.
The joint cracks in the bedding rock slope are migration channels of groundwater. In northern areas, the temperature in winter is below 0 ℃, the filling material rich in underground water in joint cracks is frozen, the volume of the filling material is expanded, expansion acting force is generated on the rock stratum, and the cracks in the rock stratum are expanded; the process of freezing and thawing of the groundwater in the filling material in the joint cracks in the rock slope is called as the freeze-thawing cycle of the rock slope.
The rock slope is alternately appeared in spring, summer, autumn and winter all the year round, a freeze thawing cycle of the rock slope is generated, the rock slope in the bedding layer is subjected to repeated frost heaving force loading-unloading effect by the freeze thawing cycle for many years, the rock slope is bound to be damaged by fatigue, and the stability of the rock slope is lost by the final slope damage
Because the influence of freeze thawing on the bedding rock slope is not considered in the conventional bedding rock slope model test and the slope angle of the rock slope cannot be adjusted, the utility model discloses a model test device and a test method for the influence of freeze thawing on the bedding rock slope deformation, and the model test device and the test method have the advantages of convenience in operation, intuitionistic monitoring and the like.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, the embodiment includes a U-shaped ramp 101 disposed obliquely, a jack 102 for lifting the U-shaped ramp 101 is disposed at the bottom of one end of the U-shaped ramp 101 at a horizontal high end, a buffer platform 104 for opening or closing the end of the U-shaped ramp 101 is movably connected to one end of the U-shaped ramp 101 at a horizontal low end, and a drain hole 105 penetrating through the buffer platform 104 is disposed on the buffer platform 104; the periphery of the U-shaped sloping platform 101 is provided with a heating device 113 for melting snow in the environment; the top of the two lateral plates of the U-shaped sloping platform 101 is provided with rails 117 extending along the length direction of the two lateral plates of the U-shaped sloping platform 101, a plurality of sliding seats 106 which can slide along the length direction of the rails 117 and can be fixed on the rails 117 are arranged on the rails 117, the sliding seats 106 on the rails 117 are connected through cross beams 107 in one-to-one correspondence, and a plurality of dial indicators 112 are arranged on the cross beams 107.
As shown in fig. 2, a jack rail 109 disposed along the length direction of the U-shaped ramp 101 is fixed at the bottom of one end of the U-shaped ramp 101, the top of the jack 102 is disposed in the jack rail 109, and the top of the jack 102 may slide in the jack rail 109, and the number of the jack rails 109 is two, and the two jack rails 109 are symmetrically disposed about the center line of the length direction of the U-shaped ramp 101, and the two jack rails 109 are correspondingly connected with the two jacks 102.
As shown in fig. 4, 5 and 7, two sides of one end of the U-shaped ramp 101 at the lower end of the horizontal ramp are respectively provided with a bearing 122 fixedly arranged through a concrete base 118, two bearing 122 members are provided with a connecting shaft 103, two ends of the connecting shaft 103 are respectively arranged on the two bearings 122, and the connecting shaft 103 penetrates through and is fixedly connected with one end of the buffer platform 104.
As shown in fig. 6 and 8, the cross beam 107 is a steel cross beam 107, the dial indicator 112 is fixed on the cross beam 107 by an electromagnet 114, the electromagnet 114 is fixedly connected with a dial indicator 116, and a measuring head 115 of the dial indicator 112 faces into the U-shaped ramp 101. At least 9 dial gauges 112 connected by electromagnets 114 are arranged on the cross beam 107
As shown in fig. 6, two rails 117 are respectively fixed at the top of two side plates of the U-shaped ramp 101, a T-shaped groove 125 is provided on the rails 117, the bottom end of the sliding seat 106 is of an inverted-T-shaped structure matched with the T-shaped groove 125, the bottom end of the sliding seat 106 is provided in the T-shaped groove 125, a plurality of screw holes 126 uniformly provided along the length direction of the rails 117 are provided on the rails 117, and bolts 120 capable of fixing the bottom end of the sliding seat 106 in the T-shaped groove 125 are provided in the screw holes 126.
In the embodiment, in order to facilitate the construction of the tunnel outlet of the mountain front stone ridge of the railway in the field master of the present stream city of Liaoning province and the field master of the field county of the field, a construction passageway leading to the tunnel inlet is constructed from the mountain foot, as the cut slope forms a bedding rock slope with the length of about 500m at the inner side of the construction pavement, the inclination angle of the rock layer of the bedding rock slope is measured to be about 30 degrees through field macroscopic geological survey, and the thickness of the rock layer is about 0.3m quartz sandstone.
Preferably, in the present embodiment, 2 rows of parallel steel groove rails 117 are welded to the bottom surface of the box near the end of the U-shaped ramp 101 where the height is large, the gradient of the steel plate box raised by the piston of the jack 102 is 30 °, the bottom surface of the U-shaped ramp 101 is 200cm (length) ×100cm (width) ×1cm (thickness), the two side walls are 200cm (length) ×2cm (thickness) ×25cm (height), the end of the steel plate box where the height is small is connected to the buffer platform 104 by the connecting shaft 103, and the buffer platform 104 is 100cm (length) ×35cm (width) ×1cm (thickness).
Preferably, in the present embodiment, a row of 3 drain holes 105 having a diameter of 1cm is provided on the buffer platform 104 at a position about 2cm from the connection shaft 103, a drain pipe 123 is connected under the drain holes 105, the melted water is introduced into the drain groove 124 to a size of 5cm (width) ×5cm (depth), and at the same time, the inclination angle of the side wall of the drain groove 124 in the direction of the connection shaft 103 is set to 45 ° for draining the water leaking downwards from the connection shaft 103
Preferably, at least 1 monitoring section is arranged on the rock slope, at least 4 cross beams 107 are arranged on the U-shaped slope platform 101, two ends of each cross beam 107 are square and are arranged in square holes 121 at the upper part of the sliding seat 106, and the cross beams are respectively positioned at the front part, the middle part and the rear part of the U-shaped slope platform 101 and on the upper boundary of the U-shaped slope platform 101, wherein the 3 cross beams 107 at the front part, the middle part and the rear part are connected with at least 2 dial indicators 112 along each section by using an electromagnet 114 and are used for monitoring the swelling and sedimentation deformation of the surface of the rock slope on the main section; the dial indicator 112 is arranged on the upper boundary of the U-shaped sloping platform 101 according to the layering number of rock layers, and the measuring head 115 of the dial indicator 112 is propped against the side surface of the stone plate 108 near the upper boundary of the model, so as to monitor the relative sliding displacement of different rock layers.
Preferably, in this embodiment, the height of the buffer platform 104 is the same as the height of the connecting shaft 103, preferably about 20cm above the ground surface.
Preferably, in this embodiment, 1 monitoring section is set on the rock slope, 4 beams 107 are set, the size of each beam 107 is 110cm (length) ×3cm (width) ×3cm (height), the distance between each beam 107 and each beam 107 is 25 cm-35 cm, 3 beams 107 at the front, middle and rear are connected with 2 dial indicators 112, 1 beam 107 at the upper boundary of the model is connected with 3 dial indicators 112, and 9 dial indicators 112 are all connected.
Preferably, in this example, the similarity ratio of the model test was determined to be 1:5, i.e., the thickness of the slabs 108 in the model was taken to be 6cm, 3 slabs 108 were laid together, and the slabs 108 were filled with a saturated clay layer.
Preferably, in the present embodiment, 4 heating devices 113 for melting snow are provided at the front, both sides, upper portion of the U-shaped ramp 101, and the heating devices 113 are horizontally placed at an inclination angle of less than ±4°.
Preferably, in this embodiment, to further increase the lifting capacity of the jack 102, 2 layers of steel pads are provided under the jack mount 110.
When large deformation occurs locally in the experimental process, the dial indicators 112 can be additionally arranged nearby, and the dial indicators 112 are fixed on two sides of the cross beam 107 or the U-shaped sloping platform 101.
The method can effectively solve the problems that the conventional device cannot adjust the slope angle of the bedding rock slope, cannot simulate the effect of freeze thawing on the bedding rock slope and the like, has the advantages of convenience in operation, intuitionistic monitoring and the like, is suitable for a physical simulation experiment for simulating the influence of freeze thawing on deformation of the bedding rock slope in northeast, and has important significance for guiding stability evaluation and treatment of the bedding rock slope in cold regions.
Example two
In the embodiment, a model test method of influence of freezing and thawing on deformation of a bedding rock slope is disclosed, and the method comprises the following steps:
s1: developing field geological investigation: and (5) measuring the stratum yield and the thickness of a layer of the bedding rock slope through field macroscopic geological survey.
S2: preparation of slate 108 and saturated clay: the similarity ratio of the model test was determined, the size of the stone slab 108 used in the model was determined and prefabricated, and after the completion of the prefabrication, it was immersed in water at 0℃for further use to prepare saturated clay.
S3: jack 102 is arranged: the piston of the jack 102 under the U-shaped ramp 101 is raised until the grade of the steel plate box is equal to the dip angle of the formation.
S4: rotating the buffer platform 104 about the connecting shaft 103: butter is evenly smeared on the buffer platform 104, the buffer platform 104 is rotated around the connecting shaft 103, the buffer platform 104 is rotated to be connected with one end with smaller height of the U-shaped sloping platform 101, and the drain hole 105 is blocked.
S5: constructing a bedding rock slope: in order to reduce the boundary effect, butter is uniformly smeared on two side walls inside the U-shaped sloping platform 101, three layers of stone plates 108 are arranged from bottom to top, saturated clay is filled between the stone plates 108 to form a bedding rock slope simulation model together, at least 1 monitoring section is determined on the surface of the model, and marks are made.
S6: steel cross beam 107 is installed: a plurality of sliding seats 106 are uniformly arranged in the tracks 117 on the top surfaces of the two side plates of the U-shaped sloping platform 101, the sliding seats 106 are rapidly aligned through the scales 111 on the two sides and are fixed on the tracks 117 through screw holes 126, and a steel cross beam 107 passes through square holes 121 of the sliding seats 106 and is fixed on a steel plate through the screw holes 126; installation dial gauge 112: a plurality of dial gauges 112 are attached to a steel cross-member 107 by electromagnets 114, and the measuring heads 115 of the dial gauges 112 are made to bear against the rock slope surface and the side of the top strata on the main section, and initial readings are recorded.
S7: simulating a freezing process: slowly sprinkling water on the rock slope to fully saturate the stone slab 108 and clay, keeping the model temperature at-5 ℃ to-25 ℃ for about 12 hours by utilizing the natural climate environment in northeast area, fully freezing the model, and recording the readings of each dial indicator 112.
S8: simulating an ice melting process: the rotary buffer platform 104 enables the fixed steel support 119 to be placed on the ground, butter is removed, the drain hole 105 is dredged, an indoor air conditioner, a floor heating lamp, an iodine tungsten lamp and the like are started, the indoor temperature is kept between 10 ℃ and 20 ℃, ice of the model is fully melted, and readings of the dial indicator 112 are recorded.
S9: simulating freeze thawing cycle action: and repeating the steps S7-S8, so that the freeze-thawing cycle action of the rock slope can be completed for a plurality of times, and the influence and the damage characteristic of the freeze-thawing cycle action on the deformation of the rock slope are analyzed.
In this embodiment, if the deformation of the rock slope is small, the piston of the jack 102 under the U-shaped slope platform 101 may gradually rise until the rock slope is unstable and slides to the buffer platform 104, readings of the dial indicators 112 of each monitoring point under different slopes are recorded, deformation and damage characteristics of the rock slope are studied, and stability coefficients of the rock pile slope are calculated.
The method can effectively solve the problems that the conventional device cannot adjust the slope angle of the bedding rock slope, cannot simulate the effect of freeze thawing on the bedding rock slope and the like, has the advantages of convenience in operation, intuitionistic monitoring and the like, is suitable for a physical simulation experiment for simulating the influence of freeze thawing on deformation of the bedding rock slope in northeast, and has important significance for guiding stability evaluation and treatment of the bedding rock slope in cold regions.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the utility model is not intended to limit the utility model to the precise form disclosed, and any such modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the utility model are intended to be included within the scope of the utility model.
Claims (8)
1. The model test device for the influence of freeze thawing on the deformation of a bedding rock slope is characterized by comprising a U-shaped slope platform (101) which is obliquely arranged, wherein a jack (102) for lifting the U-shaped slope platform (101) is arranged at the bottom of one end of the U-shaped slope platform (101) which is positioned at the horizontal high end, a buffer platform (104) for opening or closing the end part of the U-shaped slope platform (101) is movably connected to one end of the U-shaped slope platform (101) which is positioned at the horizontal low end, and a drain hole (105) penetrating through the buffer platform (104) is formed in the buffer platform (104); a heating device (113) is arranged at the periphery of the U-shaped sloping platform (101); the utility model discloses a jack, including U type slope platform (101), bearing (122) that the both sides board length direction of U type slope platform (101) extends, two all be equipped with a plurality of edges on track (117) sliding seat (106) that can slide and fix on track (117) length direction, two on track (117) sliding seat (106) one-to-one is connected through crossbeam (107), be equipped with a plurality of percentage table (112) on crossbeam (107), the both sides that U type slope platform (101) are located the one end of level low end all are equipped with bearing (122) that set up through concrete base (118), two be equipped with connecting axle (103) between bearing (122), the both ends of connecting axle (103) are established respectively on two on bearing (122), connecting axle (103) pass and with the one end fixed connection of buffer platform (104), the bottom of jack (102) is equipped with the jack (110) that is used for supporting jack (102).
2. The model test device for influence of freeze thawing on deformation of bedding rock slope according to claim 1, wherein a jack rail (109) arranged along the length direction of the U-shaped slope (101) is fixed at the bottom of one end of the U-shaped slope (101) at the horizontal high end, the top of the jack (102) is arranged in the jack rail (109), and the top of the jack (102) can slide in the jack rail (109).
3. The model test device for influence of freeze thawing on deformation of bedding rock slope according to claim 2, wherein the number of jack tracks (109) is two, the two jack tracks (109) are symmetrically arranged about a central line of the U-shaped slope (101) in the length direction, and the two jack tracks (109) are correspondingly connected with the two jacks (102).
4. A model test device for influence of freeze thawing on deformation of bedding rock slope according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that two rails (117) are respectively fixed at the tops of two side plates of the U-shaped slope table (101), a T-shaped groove (125) is arranged on the rails (117), the bottom end of the sliding seat (106) is of an inverted-T-shaped structure matched with the T-shaped groove (125), the bottom end of the sliding seat (106) is arranged in the T-shaped groove (125), a plurality of screw holes (126) uniformly arranged along the length direction of the rails (117) are arranged on the rails (117), and bolts (120) capable of fixing the bottom end of the sliding seat (106) in the T-shaped groove (125) are arranged in the screw holes (126).
5. The model test device for the influence of freeze thawing on deformation of a bedding rock slope according to claim 4, wherein the rail (117) is provided with a scale (111) arranged along the length direction of the rail (117).
6. A model test device for influence of freeze thawing on deformation of a bedding rock slope according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a support (119) for supporting the buffer platform (104) is arranged at the bottom of the buffer platform (104), a drainage tube (123) with one end communicated with the drainage hole (105) is arranged at the bottom of the buffer platform (104), and the other end of the drainage tube (123) is connected with a drainage ditch (124).
7. A method for model testing the influence of freeze thawing on the deformation of a bedding rock slope, characterized in that the method for model testing the influence of freeze thawing on the deformation of the bedding rock slope by using the model testing device for the influence of freeze thawing on the deformation of the bedding rock slope according to any one of claims 1 to 6 comprises the following steps:
step one, carrying out field geological investigation: measuring the stratum yield and the stratum thickness of the bedding rock slope through field macroscopic geological survey;
step two, preparing stone plates (108) and saturated clay: determining the similarity ratio of a model test, determining and prefabricating the size of a stone plate (108) used in the model, and soaking the stone plate in water at 0 ℃ for standby after prefabrication is completed to prepare saturated clay;
step three, a jack (102) is arranged: lifting a piston of a jack (102) at the bottom of the horizontal high end of the U-shaped sloping platform (101) until the gradient of the U-shaped sloping platform (101) is equal to the inclination angle of the rock stratum;
step four, a buffer platform (104) is arranged: the end part of the horizontal low end of the U-shaped sloping platform (101) is plugged by using a buffer platform (104), a drain hole (105) is plugged, and butter is uniformly smeared on one surface of the buffer platform (104) facing the U-shaped sloping platform (101);
step five, constructing a bedding rock slope: uniformly smearing butter on two side walls of a U-shaped slope table (101), arranging three layers of stone plates (108) on the U-shaped slope table (101) from bottom to top, filling saturated clay between the stone plates (108) to form a bedding rock slope model together, determining at least 1 monitoring section on the surface of the model, and marking;
step six, setting a dial indicator (112): adjusting the position of the cross beam (107) and the dial indicator (112) such that a measuring head (115) of the dial indicator (112) is atop the rock slope surface and the side of the top formation on the monitoring profile and recording an initial reading;
step seven, simulating a freezing process: sprinkling water on the rock slope to make stone plate (108) and clay fullySaturated, keep the model temperature at-5 O C～-25 O C, fully freezing the model, and recording the readings of each dial indicator (112);
step eight, simulating an ice melting process: rotating the buffer platform (104) to horizontally arrange the buffer platform (104), cleaning butter, dredging the drain hole (105), and starting the heating device (113) to keep the indoor temperature at 10% O C～20 O C, fully melting ice in the model, and recording each reading of a dial indicator (112);
step nine, simulating freeze thawing cycle action: and repeating the seventh step and the eighth step to complete the freeze-thawing cycle action of the rock slope for a plurality of times, and analyzing the influence and the damage characteristic of the freeze-thawing cycle action on the deformation of the rock slope.
8. The method for modeling the influence of freeze thawing on deformation of a bedding rock slope according to claim 7, wherein in the seventh and eighth steps, when deformation of the rock slope is small, the piston of the jack (102) under the U-shaped slope table (101) is gradually raised until the rock slope slides to the buffer platform (104) after destabilizing, and readings of the dial indicators (112) of each monitoring point under different slopes are recorded.
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