CN106842347B - A kind of measuring system of the full component of array intervening atom gravity gradient tensor - Google Patents
A kind of measuring system of the full component of array intervening atom gravity gradient tensor Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of measuring systems of the full component of array intervening atom gravity gradient tensor, including：The cold atom interference unit of n array arrangement, cold atom interference unit include：Vacuum cavity；Vacuum cavity includes upper interference region, lower interference region, detecting area and atomic group preparation structure, and upper interference region is a slender type pipeline, and top is equipped with glass window；Lower interference region is the cavity of multiwindow, and side is equipped with glass window.Three beams four atoms of vertical laser steering are interfered simultaneously, are realized in gravity gradient tensorIt is measured while component；Three atoms that three groups of horizontal laser lights manipulate in same level are interfered simultaneously, are realized in gravity gradient tensorIt is measured while component.The present invention can measure the institute of gravity gradient tensor there are five isolated component, contain all information of gravity gradient tensor.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to gravity field survey technical fields, and in particular to a kind of array intervening atom gravity gradient tensor is complete
The measuring system of component.
Background technology
The accurate measurement of gravitational field can be used for the research of gravitation relevant basic physics and be used for Gravity Matching navigation,
The practical field such as subterranean resource exploration.Gravitational field is a vector field, it is exactly gravity gradient to the first-order derivative of spatial position.Weight
Force gradient is a second-order tensor, has 9 components, can be expressed as：This is one 3 × 3
Matrix.Since the space residing for measurement sensor does not have source to attract quality, so havingAnd because draw
The field of force is conservation law, it is desirable that Γij=Γji.So only there are five isolated components for gravity gradient tensor.
The measurement of gravity gradient tensor component can be realized by different methods.Such as low-temperature superconducting gravity gradient
Gradient former that instrument, rotating accelerometer gravity gradiometer, electrostatic suspension gravity gradiometer and FG-5 absolute gravimeters are constituted,
Intervening atom gravity gradiometer etc..Intervening atom gravity gradiometer has many advantages, such as potential high sensitivity, inferred-zero drift.
Cold atom interference technique is initially subordinate to culture and education in Zhu by U.S. Stamford in 1991 and awards group's realization.Due to microcosmic grain
Son has fluctuation, therefore the coincidence after different paths develop of the wave packet of microcosmic particle can interfere phenomenon.Using swash
Light manipulates atom, makes the wave packet of atom that beam splitting occur, reflection, close beam, the interference of atom may be implemented.Atom has static matter
Amount, wave packet develops in gravitational field to be influenced by gravitional force, and the interferometric phase of intervening atom includes gravity item.Therefore, atom
Interferometer can be used for carrying out High-Precision Gravimeter Survey.
Gradiometry is carried out using intervening atom method to require to construct two atomic interferometers in one direction, is measured
Two acceleration of gravity.Again divided by the distance between two interferometers by two acceleration of gravity difference, a gravity is just obtained
The value of gradient tensor component.
Currently, being mainly the measurement to single component to the measurement of gravity gradient tensor.The first is pairMeasurement,
It is configured to the laser beam using vertical direction while manipulating two atoms of vertical direction to be interfered.(Physics
Review A 65,033608,2002).Second is pair(or) measurement, be configured to using horizontal direction
Two atoms that laser beam manipulates horizontal direction simultaneously are interfered.(X.Wu, PhD thesis, Stanford
University, 2009).Both the above gravity measuring device can only all measure some component of gravity gradient tensor, so
The all information of gravity gradient tensor can not be provided, application range is restricted.
Invention content
In view of the drawbacks of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of array intervening atom gravity gradient tensors
The measuring system of full component, it is intended to which single gravity gradient tensor can only be carried out by solving the intervening atom gravity gradiometer of the prior art
The insufficient problem of component measurement.
The present invention provides a kind of measuring systems of the full component of array intervening atom gravity gradient tensor, including：N battle array
The cold atom interference unit of column arrangement, cold atom interference unit include：Vacuum cavity；Vacuum cavity includes upper interference region, under
Interference region, detecting area and atomic group preparation structure, upper interference region is a slender type pipeline, and is equipped in the upper interference region
Glass window for introducing vertical laser L1；Lower interference region is the cavity of multiwindow, and is equipped with glass window to introduce water
Flat laser L2；Detecting area is the cavity of multiwindow, and is equipped with logical for being provided with the fluorescence to be collected for exploring laser light L4
The window in road；Atomic group preparation structure is polyhedral structure and is equipped with for being carried for cooling laser L5, L6 and vertical laser L1
Cold atom cloud a0 when being prepared for channel and for monitoring provides the window in channel, wherein n is the integer more than or equal to 2.
Further, the cold atom interference unit further includes：Vertical laser beam transmitter, horizontal laser beam transmitting
Device, photodetector, vacuum pump, alkali metal sample container, laser mirror and anti-last of the twelve Earthly Branches mother Huo Zi coils；The vertical laser beam
Transmitter is cylindrical laser beam expand device, is vertically right against the top window of interference region, is used for laser from optical fiber
It draws and is emitted；The horizontal laser beam transmitter is cylindrical laser beam expand device, is vertically right against the side of lower interference region
Face-port mouth, for drawing and being emitted laser from optical fiber；Photodetector is directed at the window installation of the detecting area, for receiving
Collect the fluorescence of atomic emissions and is converted into electric signal；The vacuum pump is connected to the atomic group preparation structure, for maintaining
The vacuum degree of vacuum cavity is stated 10-8Pa~10-7Pa；The alkali metal sample container is connected to the atomic group preparation structure,
Inside fills alkali metal atom sample, goes out atomic gas for disperse and provides operation material；The laser mirror perpendicular to
Vertical laser L1 is placed, for vertical laser L1 originals road to be reflected to form the laser to penetrating to be operated to atom；It is described
Anti- last of the twelve Earthly Branches mother Huo Zi coils are mounted in the atomic group preparation structure and so that its axis is parallel to a branch of in cooling laser L5, use
To generate magnetic field intensity zero and magnetic field gradient at its center, to coordinate with cooling laser L5, L6, the prisoner at magnetic field zero
Prohibit atom.
Further, between the lower interference region and detecting area, the detecting area and the atomic group preparation structure it
Between connected by titanium alloy pipeline.
Further, horizontal laser beam transmitter includes：Four identical optical fiber beam expansion devices, for being emitted horizontal laser light
L2。
Further, photodetector is photoelectric tube or photomultiplier.
Further, anti-last of the twelve Earthly Branches mother Huo Zi coils are two coils for being passed through reverse current.
Further, when n is 3, three cold atom interference units arrange at a right angle in approximately the same plane.
Further, in three cold atom interference units, the first cold atom interference unit A and the interference of third cold atom are single
Along the x-axis direction, the line of the first cold atom interference unit A and the second cold atom interference unit B are along the y-axis direction for the line of first C；
On vertical direction, the vertical laser L1 of three beams manipulates the first cold atom cloud A-a1, the second cold atom cloud A-a2, third cold atom cloud B-
A1, the 4th cold atom cloud C-a1 interfere simultaneously, realize in gravity gradient tensorIt is surveyed while component
Amount；The difference of result of interference between first cold atom cloud A-a1 and the second cold atom cloud A-a2 providesMeasurement result；
Difference between first cold atom cloud A-a1 and third cold atom cloud B-a1 providesFirst cold atom cloud A-a1 and the 4th is cold
Difference between atomic group C-a1 providesIn the horizontal direction, three groups of horizontal laser light L2 manipulate the in same levels
One cold atom cloud A-a1, third cold atom cloud B-a1, the 4th cold atom cloud C-a1 interfere simultaneously, realize in gravity gradient tensorIt is measured while component；The difference of first cold atom cloud A-a1 and third cold atom cloud B-a1 result of interference is given
Go outThe difference of first cold atom cloud A-a1 and the 4th cold atom cloud C-a1 result of interference providesWherein, x-y-z structures
At right hand rectangular coordinate system, vertically, x or y are along thing or North and South direction for z-axis.
The present invention has the advantages that：
(1) present invention is worked together using multiple cold atom interference units, complete simultaneously using the multiple atomic groups of laser steering
At interference, the non-diagonal component of gravity gradient tensor can be measured using the difference of two atomic group result of interferenceIt there is no gravity gradient tensor non-diagonal component measurement device and side based on intervening atom method at present
Case, system of the present invention realize the breakthrough of zero.
(2) present invention is worked together using multiple cold atom interference units, complete simultaneously using the multiple atomic groups of laser steering
At interference.In one-shot measurement, three components of gravity gradient tensor vertical direction may be implemented in system of the present inventionWhile measure or two components of horizontal directionWhile measure.Compared to single
Component of tensor intervening atom gravity gradiometer, this system have higher measuring speed.
(3) present invention is worked together using multiple cold atom interference units, complete simultaneously using the multiple atomic groups of laser steering
At interference.Measurement alternately both vertically as well as horizontally can obtain all five isolated components of gravity gradient tensor, i.e.,
The present invention can measure all information of gravity gradient tensor.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that present system constitutes schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is cell arrangement structural schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 is the horizontal direction laser-configured schematic diagram for manipulating atom；
Fig. 4 is Three-Dimensional Magnetic light trap structures schematic diagram.
Wherein, A is the first cold atom interference unit, and B is the second cold atom interference unit, and C is that the interference of third cold atom is single
Member, a0 are cold atom cloud when preparing, and A-a1 is the first cold atom cloud, A-a2 is the second cold atom cloud, B-a1 is the cold original of third
Son group, C-a1 are the 4th cold atom cloud, and L1 is vertical laser, and L2 is horizontal laser light, and L21 is first level laser, L22 second
Horizontal laser light, L3 are horizontal state selection laser, and L4 is exploring laser light, and L5 is cooling laser downwards, and L6 is cooling laser upwards, 101
It is lower interference region for upper interference region, 102,103 be detecting area, and 104 be atomic group preparation structure, and 201 be vertical radiating laser beams
Device, 202 be horizontal laser beam transmitter, and 203 be photodetector, and 204 be vacuum pump, and 205 be alkali metal sample container, 206
It is anti-last of the twelve Earthly Branches mother Huo Zi coils for laser mirror, 207.
Specific implementation mode
In order to make the purpose , technical scheme and advantage of the present invention be clearer, with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, right
The present invention is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, and
It is not used in the restriction present invention.
The deficiency of single gravity gradient tensor component measurement can only be carried out for pervious intervening atom gravity gradiometer, this
Invention provides a kind of implementation of the full amount measuring system of the gravity gradient tensor based on intervening atom method.
The measuring system of the full component of array intervening atom gravity gradient tensor provided by the invention includes：N array
The cold atom interference unit of arrangement, n are the integer more than or equal to 2.
In the present invention, for sake of convenience, right hand rectangular coordinate system x-y-z is defined.Wherein z-axis vertically, x (or
Y) along thing or North and South direction.
For ease of description, by taking n is equal to 3 as an example, three cold atom interference units A, B, C are arranged at a right angle in the horizontal plane
Row, wherein the line of the first cold atom interference unit A and third cold atom interference unit C are along the x-axis direction, the interference of the first cold atom
The line of unit A and the second cold atom interference unit B are along the y-axis direction；In the vertical direction, the vertical laser L1 of three beams manipulates first
Cold atom cloud A-a1, the second cold atom cloud A-a2, third cold atom cloud B-a1, the 4th cold atom cloud C-a1 interfere simultaneously, realize
In gravity gradient tensorIt is measured while component.Wherein, the first cold atom cloud A-a1 and second is cold
The difference of result of interference between atomic group A-a2 providesMeasurement result；First cold atom cloud A-a1 and third cold atom
Difference between group B-a1 providesDifference between first cold atom cloud A-a1 and the 4th cold atom cloud C-a1 providesIn the horizontal direction, three groups of horizontal laser light L2 manipulate the first cold atom cloud A-a1, third cold atom in same level
Group B-a1, the 4th cold atom cloud C-a1 interfere simultaneously, realize in gravity gradient tensorIt is surveyed while component
Amount.Wherein, the difference of the first cold atom cloud A-a1 and third cold atom cloud B-a1 result of interference providesFirst cold atom cloud
The difference of A-a1 and the 4th cold atom cloud C-a1 result of interference provides
Alternately by the measurement of horizontal direction and vertical direction, it can be deduced that there are five independent point for gravity gradient tensor institute
The value of amount.Five isolated components contain all information of gravity gradient tensor, so system of the present invention can carry out weight
The full component measurement of force gradient tensor.
Fig. 1 shows the full amount measuring system of the gravity gradient tensor based on intervening atom provided in an embodiment of the present invention
Structure, for convenience of description, illustrate only with the relevant part of the embodiment of the present invention, and by n be equal to 3 for, details are as follows：
The full amount measuring system of this gradient tensor includes identical cold atom interference unit A, B and the C of three structures, three lists
Member is at a right angle in the horizontal plane to place, wherein the line of the first cold atom interference unit A and third cold atom interference unit C are along x
The line of axis direction, the first cold atom interference unit A and the second cold atom interference unit B are along the y-axis direction.Each cell arrangement knot
Structure is as shown in Fig. 2, the structure of cold atom interference unit A, B, C are identical, and now details are as follows by taking cold atom interference unit A as an example：
Mainly it is made of the ultra-high vacuum cavity 101-104 and accessory structure 201-207 for constituting vacuum tank；Laser
L1-L6 and the operation material that cold atom cloud a0, a1, a2 are this system.
The parts ultra-high vacuum cavity 101-104 are the major mechanical structure of the present apparatus, and main function is for atom vapor
One sealing container and preparation for cold atom are provided and manipulation provides a ultra-high vacuum environment, required vacuum degree one
As be 10-8-10-7Pa is horizontal.Vacuum cavity selected materials generally have titanium alloy or devitrified glass.Now by taking titanium alloy as an example into
Row brief description：It is equally attached using titanium alloy pipeline between cavity and cavity；Laser beam by place use glass
Window；Connection between each separating component is sealed using flange screw anaerobic copper backing.
Ultra-high vacuum cavity includes：Upper interference region 101, lower interference region 102, detecting area 103, atomic group preparation structure
104.Wherein, upper interference region 101 generally can be a slender type pipeline, and main function is for the second cold atom cloud A-a2 interference
Space is provided；The upper end is equipped with glass window to introduce vertical laser L1.Lower interference region 102 is generally the cavity of multiwindow,
Main function is to provide space for the first cold atom cloud A-a1 interference；It is equipped with glass window to draw on face perpendicular to y-axis
Enter horizontal laser light L2.Detecting area 103 is generally the cavity of multiwindow, provides space for the detection process of atom, is installed
Window provides channel for exploring laser light L4 and the fluorescence to be collected of photodetector 203.Atomic group preparation structure 104, generally
For polyhedral structure, there are many windows；It can provide space for cooling Trapping of Atoms, and window can be cooling laser L5, L6 and erect
Straight laser L1 provides channel, while also providing channel for cold atom cloud a0 when monitoring preparation.Lower interference region 102 and detecting area
It is connected by titanium alloy pipeline between 103, between detecting area 103 and atomic group preparation structure 104.
Accessory structure 201-207 be attached on main cavity 101-104 or with main cavity 101-104 cooperations some
Gadget.They collectively form the entirety of this exemplary unit with main cavity 101-104.Wherein, 201 He of vertical laser beam transmitter
202 generally pylindrical laser beam expand device of horizontal laser beam transmitter, to draw and be emitted laser from optical fiber；It
Be respectively perpendicular the side window of the top window for being right against interference region 101 and lower interference region 102.As shown in figure 3, horizontal swash
Light-beam transmitter 202 is made of four identical optical fiber beam expansion devices, to be emitted two ingredient first levels of horizontal laser light L2
Laser L21, the second horizontal laser light L22.Photodetector 203 generally can be photoelectric tube or photomultiplier, and alignment is visited
The window installation in area 103 is surveyed, effect is to collect the fluorescence of atomic emissions, and be converted into electric signal, facilitates subsequent processing and note
Record.Vacuum pump 204 generally comprises ionic pump and getter pump, is connected to atomic group preparation structure 104, to maintain ultrahigh vacuum
Spend the vacuum degree in cavity 101-104.Alkali metal sample container 205 is connected to atomic group preparation structure 104, and inside fills alkali gold
Belong to atomic sample, goes out atomic gas to disperse, operation material is provided for the present apparatus.Laser mirror 206 swashs perpendicular to vertical
Light L1 is placed, and vertical laser L1 originals road is reflected to form the laser to penetrating, is operated to atom.Anti- last of the twelve Earthly Branches mother Huo Zi coils
207 be two coils for being passed through reverse current, in atomic group preparation structure 104 and its axis is made to be parallel to cooling laser
It is a branch of in L5, to generate magnetic field intensity zero and magnetic field gradient at its center, to coordinate with cooling laser L5, L6,
The Trapping of Atoms at magnetic field zero.
Laser beam L1-L6 is used for preparing and manipulating cold atom cloud.Wherein vertical laser L1 and horizontal laser light L2 is generally
Raman light beams or Bragg light beams, effect is irradiated atoms, makes atom that stimulated Raman transition or Bragg diffraction occur,
The beam splitting, reflection and conjunction beam for realizing atomic wave, that is, manipulate atom and interfered；General vertical laser and horizontal laser light L1, L2
In can also be coupled into removing light, for removing the atom of specific energy state.The principle for removing light is that atom is made to obtain photon momentum
Accelerate, to " being blown away ".As shown in figure 3, there are two ingredient first level laser L21, the second horizontal laser lights by horizontal laser light L2
L22.The two ingredients are mutually parallel, each ingredient is formed by two beam laser-correlations, and the two beam laser phase differences to penetrating are locked
Determine and can adjust.First level laser L21 completes the reflective operation of the first cold atom cloud A-a1 wave packets；Second horizontal laser light
L22 completes the beam splitting of the first cold atom A-a1 wave packets, closes beam operation.The effect of horizontal state selection light L3 is the interference to horizontal direction
Carry out state selection；The effect for detecting light L4 is irradiated atoms, makes atom-exciting transition, then spontaneous radiation goes out fluorescence.Pass through detection
Fluorescence intensity can detect the number in not homomorphism atom, interferometric phase information be obtained, to derive acceleration of gravity
Information.Cooling laser L5, L6 be using red detuning laser-correlation to preparing when cold atom a0 progress Doppler coolings, simultaneously
The imprison of cold atom cloud a0 when can also realize preparation is matched with externally-applied magnetic field；It is general to be wherein also coupled with back pump light ingredient,
It is because atom meeting spontaneous radiation during Doppler cooling is called to other atomic ground states that can not continue cooling procedure
Dark-state, Dark atom can be returned pump to the atomic ground state that can continue to Doppler cooling by returning pump light.Fig. 4 is exemplary three-dimensional magneto-optic
Well structure, cooling laser L5, L6 separately include three beams of laser, form three pairs of laser to penetrating, and three pairs to the laser penetrated two-by-two
Vertically.In upthrow process, to change the laser frequency of cooling laser L5 downwards, therefore can for the frequency of cooling laser L5 downwards
Independently of upward cooling laser L6 controls.
Cold atom cloud a0, A-a1, A-a2 are the operation material of this system.Cold atom cloud a0 when wherein preparing is to prepare
The cold atom cloud that journey is formed, the first cold atom cloud is the atomic group that lower interference region 102 is thrown on A-a1 is, the second cold atom cloud A-
A2 is the cold atom cloud for above throwing interference region 101.
The example operation logic of the present apparatus and operating process are as follows：Alkali metal is evaporate into from alkali metal sample container 205
In atomic group preparation structure 104.Cooling imprison can be carried out to atom using Three-Dimensional Magnetic light trap structures as shown in Figure 4.It is three-dimensional
Cooling laser L5, L6 and anti-last of the twelve Earthly Branches mother Huo Zi coils 207 that Magneto-Optical Trap is fought each other by three Duis are formed.Three pairs of laser are orthogonal, three
Make decelerating atoms on a direction；Anti- last of the twelve Earthly Branches mother Huo Zi coils 207 and cooling laser L5, L6 coordinate Trapping of Atoms at center, are formed
Cold atom cloud a0 when preparation.
It will be on atom using the frequency for reducing cooling laser L5 downwards after the cooling imprison to enough atoms of three-dimensional Magneto-Optical Trap
It throws.For the first cold atom interference unit A, the upthrow initial velocity for controlling atom can be by the first cold atom cloud A-a1 and second
Scheduled height is thrown on cold atom cloud A-a2；Control upthrow interval can make the first cold atom cloud A-a1 and the second cold atom cloud
A-a2 is opposing stationary in upthrow flight course.Such first cold atom cloud A-a1 and the second cold atom cloud A-a2 are relative to vertical
The Doppler of laser L1 is detuning identical, so that it may to manipulate the first cold atom cloud A-a1 and second simultaneously with a branch of vertical laser L1
Cold atom cloud A-a2.For second and third cold atom interference unit B, C, it is only necessary to one third cold atom cloud B-a1 of upthrow or
The 4th cold atom cloud C-a1 of person.First cold atom cloud A-a1 of the first cold atom interference unit A upthrows, the interference of the second cold atom are single
The third cold atom cloud B-a1 of first B upthrows, the 4th cold atom cloud C-a1 of third cold atom interference unit C upthrows height to protect
It holds consistent.
Interference for vertical direction needs to carry out " state selection " in the vertical direction.Enter in the first cold atom cloud A-a1
After lower section interference region 102, the selection of energy level selection and speed can be carried out to atom simultaneously using vertical laser L1, referred to as
" state selection ".Energy level selection includes the selection of the hyperfine structure energy level and magnetic sublevel of atom.Adjust laser frequency and vertical side
To magnetic quantum number null magnon energy level resonance, they are chosen and by other atoms " blowing away "；Vertical direction
The atom pair magnetic field that magnetic quantum number is zero is insensitive, can reduce the influence in magnetic field.Speed selection is exactly to utilize friction speed
Doppler's mismatching angle that atom relative atom manipulates laser L1 is different, adjusts the frequency of Atomic Manipulation laser L1, intensity and continues
Time selects the atom of specific speed distribution.The VELOCITY DISTRIBUTION of atom in the vertical direction can be narrower after speed selection,
Be conducive to improve signal-to-noise ratio.
Interference for horizontal direction needs to carry out " state selection " in the horizontal direction.It is " state selection " and perpendicular in horizontal direction
Histogram to " state selection " function it is identical, method is similar.It only difference is that " state selection " of horizontal direction will utilize horizontal direction
Laser carries out.In this example system " state selection " is carried out using horizontal state selection laser L3.
It is exactly interventional procedures after state selection.Interventional procedures are generally typical three pulses matter wave interference process.Atomic group
In atom be a kind of matter wave, make object using the vertical laser L1 of the three beams of constant duration or three groups of horizontal laser light L2 pulses
Then conjunction beam can interfere phenomenon for the beam splitting of wave packet, the reflection of matter wave.Interference for vertical direction, in vertical direction
After state selection is completed, the first cold atom cloud A-a1, the second cold atom cloud A-a2, the cold original of third are manipulated using the vertical laser L1 of three beams
Son group B-a1, the 4th cold atom cloud C-a1 are completed at the same time interventional procedures.In the interferometric phase that the interventional procedures of vertical direction obtain,
Include the information of acceleration of gravity vertical component, g can be expressed asz.Interference for horizontal direction, choosing in the horizontal direction
After state is completed, the first cold atom cloud A-a1, the third cold atom cloud in same level are manipulated using three groups of horizontal laser light L2
B-a1, the 4th cold atom cloud C-a1 are completed at the same time interventional procedures.In the interferometric phase that the interventional procedures of horizontal direction obtain, including
There is the information of acceleration of gravity horizontal component, g can be expressed asy。
After the completion of interventional procedures, atom freely falls to detecting area 103, exploring laser light L4 at this moment can be utilized to irradiate former
Son, and using 203 Measurement atom fluorescence intensity of photodetector to provide result of interference, show that four acceleration of gravity are vertical
Component gzOr three acceleration of gravity horizontal component gy.Any two gravity can be directly extracted using suitable method to add
The difference of velocity component.The institute of gravity gradient tensor can be obtained there are five isolated component by the difference of these components of acceleration.Gravity
The expression formula of gradient tensor component is followed successively by：
Wherein xACAt a distance from indicating the first cold atom cloud A-a1 and the 4th cold atom cloud C-a1 along the x-axis direction；yABIndicate the
One cold atom cloud A-a1 and third cold atom cloud B-a1 along the y-axis direction at a distance from；zAAIndicate the first cold atom cloud A-a1 and second
The distances of cold atom cloud A-a2 along the z-axis direction.Indicate the acceleration of gravity horizontal component that the first cold atom cloud A-a1 is measured
gy；Indicate the acceleration of gravity horizontal component g that third cold atom cloud B-a1 is measuredy；Indicate the 4th cold atom cloud C-a1
The acceleration of gravity horizontal component g measuredy；Indicate the acceleration of gravity vertical component g that the first cold atom cloud A-a1 is measuredz；Indicate the acceleration of gravity vertical component g that the second cold atom cloud A-a2 is measuredz；Indicate that third cold atom cloud B-a1 is surveyed
The acceleration of gravity vertical component g arrivedz；Indicate the acceleration of gravity vertical component g that the 4th cold atom cloud C-a1 is measuredz。
It is general to require to shaking noise since intervening atom gradiometry is measured by the difference of two components of acceleration
There is common mode inhibition effect with laser phase noise.Common mode inhibition can be accomplished by the following way in this system.For laser phase
Position noise, the vertical laser L1 of three cold atom interference units A, B, C are introduced after beam splitting by optical fiber respectively by same laser
Three units；Similarly, the horizontal laser light L2 of three cold atom interference units A, B, C also derive from same light source.It makes an uproar for vibrations
Sound, vertical direction, three vertical laser beam transmitters 201 are fixed on same rigid structure, and three laser mirrors 206 are fixed
On same rigid structure；Horizontal direction, three groups totally ten two horizontal laser beam transmitters 202 be fixed on same rigid structure
On.The principle of common mode inhibition is that the phase noise of same light source is identical, the laser beam transmitter being fixed on same rigid structure
Shock conditions are identical, so they can be fallen by difference in difference measurement.
The present invention is worked together using three cold atom interference units A, B, C, simultaneously using the multiple atomic groups of laser steering
Interference is completed, the non-diagonal component of gravity gradient tensor can be measured using the difference of two atomic group result of interferenceIt there is no gravity gradient tensor non-diagonal component measurement device and side based on intervening atom method at present
Case, system of the present invention realize the breakthrough of zero.The present invention is worked together using three cold atom interference units A, B, C, profit
It is completed at the same time interference with the multiple atomic groups of laser steering.In one-shot measurement, gravity gradient may be implemented in system of the present invention
Three components of tensor vertical directionWhile measure or two components of horizontal direction 's
It measures simultaneously.Compared to single component of tensor intervening atom gravity gradiometer, this system has higher measuring speed.Profit of the invention
It is worked together with three cold atom interference units A, B, C, interference is completed at the same time using the multiple atomic groups of laser steering.Alternately
Measurement both vertically as well as horizontally can show that all five isolated components, the i.e. present invention of gravity gradient tensor can measure
The all information of gravity gradient tensor.
In conclusion the full amount measuring system of this intervening atom gravity gradient tensor can measure the complete of gravity gradient tensor
Five, portion isolated component, is capable of providing more gravity field informations, is all of great significance to the relevant field of gravity field survey.
As it will be easily appreciated by one skilled in the art that the foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, not to
The limitation present invention, all within the spirits and principles of the present invention made by all any modification, equivalent and improvement etc., should all include
Within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of measuring system of the full component of array intervening atom gravity gradient tensor, which is characterized in that including：N array
The cold atom interference unit of formula arrangement, the cold atom interference unit include：Vacuum cavity；The vacuum cavity includes upper interference
Area (101), lower interference region (102), detecting area (103) and atomic group preparation structure (104), the upper interference region (101) are one
Root slender type pipeline, and the glass window for introducing vertical laser L1 is installed in the upper interference region (101)；It is described lower dry
It relates to area (102) and is the cavity of multiwindow, and glass window is installed to introduce horizontal laser light L2；The detecting area (103) is more
The cavity of window, and the window for providing channel with the fluorescence to be collected for exploring laser light L4 is installed；The atomic group
Preparation structure (104) for polyhedral structure and be equipped with for for cooling laser L5, L6 and vertical laser L1 provide channel and
Cold atom cloud a0 when being prepared for monitoring provides the window in channel, wherein n is the integer more than or equal to 2.
2. measuring system as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the cold atom interference unit further includes：Vertical laser
Beam transmitter (201), horizontal laser beam transmitter (202), photodetector (203), vacuum pump (204), alkali metal sample hold
Device (205), laser mirror (206) and anti-last of the twelve Earthly Branches mother Huo Zi coils (207)；
The vertical laser beam transmitter (201) is cylindrical laser beam expand device, is vertically right against interference region (101)
Top window, for drawing and being emitted laser from optical fiber；
The horizontal laser beam transmitter (202) is cylindrical laser beam expand device, is vertically right against lower interference region (102)
Side window, for drawing and being emitted laser from optical fiber；
The photodetector (203) is directed at the window installation of the detecting area (103), for collecting the fluorescence of atomic emissions simultaneously
It is converted into electric signal；
The vacuum pump (204) is connected to the atomic group preparation structure (104), the vacuum degree for maintaining the vacuum cavity
10-8Pa~10-7Pa；
The alkali metal sample container (205) is connected to the atomic group preparation structure (104), and inside fills alkali metal atom sample
Product go out atomic gas for disperse and provide operation material；
The laser mirror (206) is placed perpendicular to vertical laser L1, for reflecting to form on vertical laser L1 originals road to penetrating
Laser to being operated to atom；
The anti-last of the twelve Earthly Branches mother Huo Zi coils (207) are mounted on the atomic group preparation structure (104) and so that its axis is parallel to cold
But a branch of in laser L5, to generate magnetic field intensity zero and magnetic field gradient at its center, thus with cooling laser L5, L6
Cooperation, the Trapping of Atoms at magnetic field zero.
3. measuring system as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the lower interference region (102) and detecting area (103) it
Between, connect by titanium alloy pipeline between the detecting area (103) and the atomic group preparation structure (104).
4. measuring system as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the horizontal laser beam transmitter (202) includes：Four
Identical optical fiber beam expansion device, for being emitted horizontal laser light L2.
5. measuring system as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that the photodetector (203) is photoelectric tube or light
Electric multiplier tube.
6. measuring system as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that the anti-last of the twelve Earthly Branches mother Huo Zi coils (207) are two and are passed through
The coil of reverse current.
7. measuring system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, which is characterized in that when n is 3, three cold atom interference units
It is arranged at a right angle in approximately the same plane.
8. measuring system as claimed in claim 7, which is characterized in that in three cold atom interference units, the first cold atom is dry
Relate to the line of unit A and third cold atom interference unit C along the x-axis direction, the first cold atom interference unit A and the second cold atom are dry
Relate to the line of unit B along the y-axis direction；
In the vertical direction, the vertical laser L1 of three beams manipulates the first cold atom cloud A-a1, the second cold atom cloud A-a2, the cold original of third
Son group B-a1, the 4th cold atom cloud C-a1 interfere simultaneously, realize in gravity gradient tensorComponent
It measures simultaneously；The difference of result of interference between first cold atom cloud A-a1 and the second cold atom cloud A-a2 providesMeasurement
As a result；Difference between first cold atom cloud A-a1 and third cold atom cloud B-a1 providesFirst cold atom cloud A-a1 and
Difference between 4th cold atom cloud C-a1 provides
In the horizontal direction, three groups of horizontal laser light L2 manipulate the first cold atom cloud A-a1, third cold atom in same level
Group B-a1, the 4th cold atom cloud C-a1 interfere simultaneously, realize in gravity gradient tensorIt is measured while component；
The difference of first cold atom cloud A-a1 and third cold atom cloud B-a1 result of interference providesFirst cold atom cloud A-a1 and
The difference of four cold atom cloud C-a1 result of interference provides
Wherein, x-y-z constitutes right hand rectangular coordinate system, and vertically, x or y are along thing or North and South direction for z-axis.
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| CN109708674B (en) * | 2018-12-12 | 2021-05-18 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七一七研究所 | Control method for rapid cold radical trapping and high-frequency opposite-direction ejection |
| CN111610571B (en) * | 2020-05-09 | 2020-12-25 | 中国人民解放军军事科学院国防科技创新研究院 | System and method for monitoring and compensating dynamic errors of atomic interference gravimeter |
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| CN112014777B (en) * | 2020-09-09 | 2021-10-15 | 中国海洋大学 | Space magnetic gradient tensor measurement system based on optical fiber magnetic field sensor and working method thereof |
| CN112729355B (en) * | 2020-12-24 | 2023-03-17 | 华中光电技术研究所（中国船舶重工集团公司第七一七研究所） | Method for calibrating Raman light incident angle suitable for atomic interferometer |
| CN112833879B (en) * | 2021-01-08 | 2022-07-26 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七0七研究所 | Six-axis inertia measuring device based on cold atom interference technology |
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