CN106838032B - 联轴器 - Google Patents

联轴器 Download PDF

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CN106838032B
CN106838032B CN201610826141.8A CN201610826141A CN106838032B CN 106838032 B CN106838032 B CN 106838032B CN 201610826141 A CN201610826141 A CN 201610826141A CN 106838032 B CN106838032 B CN 106838032B
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compensating
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CN106838032A (zh
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安德烈亚斯·特兰肯舒
彼得·特兰肯舒
威利·鲁德
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Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
    • F16D3/02—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive adapted to specific functions
    • F16D3/04—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive adapted to specific functions specially adapted to allow radial displacement, e.g. Oldham couplings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
    • F16D3/16—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
    • F16D3/26—Hooke's joints or other joints with an equivalent intermediate member to which each coupling part is pivotally or slidably connected
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/387—Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/40—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/10—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines
    • B60L50/16—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines with provision for separate direct mechanical propulsion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/10—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters
    • H02K7/108—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters with friction clutches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/50—Drive Train control parameters related to clutches
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Operated Clutches (AREA)
  • Pulleys (AREA)
  • Friction Gearing (AREA)

Abstract

用于补偿径向错位的联轴器包括两个盘，亦即驱动盘和从动盘，还具有两个彼此平行的、相对其中每个盘能沿径向方向偏移的、分别呈环形盘状的补偿元件，其中，这两个盘布置在共同的平面中，该平面位于两个补偿元件之间。

Description

联轴器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种被设置成用于补偿两个彼此联接的轴或其他能旋转的部件之间的径向错位的联轴器。这种联轴器也被称为Oldham联接器。
背景技术
也被称为十字滑块联接器的Oldham联接器例如由DE 1 704 337 U以及由EP 1225 357 B1公知。
用于补偿径向错位的联轴器通常包括两个盘(亦即驱动盘和从动盘)以及补偿元件，该补偿元件相对于其中每个盘都能沿径向方向偏移。十字滑块联接器的补偿元件例如在DE 198 57 248 C2中公开的那样可以经由槽键***与彼此要联接的轴共同作用。为了制造补偿元件，除了金属材料外也可以使用塑料。示例性地，在这方面参考EP 0 416 125 A1。
制成用于补偿两轴之间的径向错位的联轴器的组件的那些材料对于在联轴器运行时在各个部件之间发生的摩擦起着不可忽略的作用。应提供针对有利润滑条件的预防措施例如在前述DE 198 57 248 C2中有所描述。在该情况下，在十字滑块中省去了应被用于润滑剂输送的径向凹槽。给联轴器进行润滑剂供给影响了联轴器的使用寿命和转矩传递能力。
发明内容
本发明的任务是说明一种相对于所提到的现有技术改进的Oldham联接器，其突出之处尤其在于：在彼此联接的轴或其他旋转的机器元件的特别是沿轴向方向的结构空间需求与转矩传递能力之间具有有利的关系。
该任务根据本发明的Oldham联接器来解决。该联轴器具有两个盘，亦即驱动盘和从动盘，驱动盘和从动盘被设置成用于分别与彼此要联接的轴中的一个抗相对转动(drehfest)地连接。术语驱动盘和从动盘在此仅是为了在两个驱动或从动元件之间进行语言上的区分而被选用但并不涉及关于转矩传递方向的表达。此外，术语“轴”也是纯粹功能性地理解，其中，两个被称为轴的旋转的部件中的一个作为驱动部件起作用，而另外的所提到的轴作为从动部件起作用。
此外，联轴器具有两个相互之间且相对盘平行的、相对于其中每个盘能沿其径向方向偏移的、分别呈环形盘状的补偿元件。与两个轴连接的盘轴向地布置在补偿元件之间，其中，这些盘位于共同的平面中。
两个补偿元件在功能上是Oldham元件，该Oldham元件沿轴向方向相对于彼此联接的轴以及与这些轴连接的盘被分开。在此，两个补偿元件非刚性地彼此连接，但是(在忽略可能的空隙的情况下)彼此抗相对转动地相联接。
使得两个补偿元件彼此相联接的、沿联轴器的轴向方向延伸的元件原则上可以直接和与轴连接的两个盘共同作用，其中，得到了滑动接触。由于两个环形盘状的补偿元件在盘的两个端侧上的对称布置，避免了在联轴器运行时出现干扰性的倾翻力矩。此外，由于两个盘在共同的平面中的布置，使联轴器沿彼此要联接的轴的轴向方向的空间需求非常少，这尤其是在汽车应用中极为重要。
根据突出之处在于具有特别低摩擦运行的有利的设计方案，在两个补偿元件的轴向外部布置有成对的呈环形的保持元件。借助保持元件优选支承圆柱形的或桶形的滚动体，这种滚动体接触补偿元件以及盘以便进行力和转矩传递，其中，滚动体的旋转轴线平行于盘地取向，进而也平行于彼此要联接的轴地取向。
一方面嵌入到两个补偿元件中并且另一方面嵌入到其中一个盘中的每个滚动体在有利的设计方案中与补偿元件的和/或盘(也就是驱动盘或从动盘)的侧上的至少一个缝隙状的轮廓接触。因此，当补偿元件在联轴器运行期间发生径向运动时，滚动体在至少一个描述缝隙状的轮廓的表面上滚转。优选地，补偿元件以及其中每个盘都以如下方式设计，即，使圆柱形的或桶形的滚动体能够沿相关的构件的径向方向偏移。
在联轴器的轴向方向上考虑，从驱动端至经驱动的轴的观察方向来看，因此得到了联轴器的如下结构：
·两个彼此嵌套的、基本上位于共同的平面中的保持元件，
·呈环形盘状的第一补偿元件，
·两个位于共同的平面中的盘，这些盘分别与两个轴中的一个连接，
·呈环形盘状的第二补偿元件，
·由两个彼此嵌套的保持元件构成的第二***，
其中，滚动体从第一补偿元件经由由驱动和从动盘构成的***延伸至第二补偿元件。
与其中布置有两个盘的平面有关地，联轴器因此基本上呈镜像对称地构建，其中，两个盘不一定具有相对所提及的平面镜像对称的造型。使用用于在驱动盘与补偿元件之间以及在补偿元件与从动盘之间进行力传递的滚动体提供了联轴器的非常低摩擦的运行并同时能传递高转矩。
每对呈环形的保持元件由第一类型的保持元件和第二类型的保持元件形成。在此，在联轴器的第一端侧上的第一类型的保持元件与在联轴器的第二端侧上的同类型的保持元件连接。类似地也适用于两个第二类型的保持元件。销，尤其是阶形销适用于连接两个相同类型的保持元件，滚动体支承在销上。在此，滑动支承部或例如形式为滚针轴承的滚动支承部适用于支承滚动体。每个呈环形的保持元件通过两个在直径上相对置的连接元件，尤其是阶形销与同类型的第二保持元件连接。在此，第一类型的保持元件之间的连接元件相对于第二类型的保持元件之间的连接元件扭转了90°。相应地，每个补偿元件都具有四个被滚动体穿过的开口。每个开口都具有长形形状，并且沿呈环形盘状的补偿元件的径向方向取向。通过在补偿元件中的另外的留空部能够实现在具有足够的稳定性的同时显著地节约了重量，这些另外的留空部沿周向方向位于所提及的、容纳滚动体尤其是容纳圆柱滚子的开口之间。优选地，这些另外的开口分别具有长形的、沿补偿元件的周向方向延伸的形状。
在由两个灵活地彼此联接的、位于共同的平面内的盘构成的***与两个呈环形盘状的补偿元件之间优选总共布置有八个止推垫圈，止推垫圈围住借助两对保持元件来支承的四个滚动体。
两个灵活地彼此联接的盘优选彼此嵌套，其中，其中一个盘具有非圆形的形状，并且径向地布置在另外的盘内部。在此，靠内的盘具有两个向外敞开的留空部，而靠外的盘具有两个向内敞开的留空部，留空部分别被设置成用于容纳滚动体或由多个滚动体构成的***。靠内的盘的向外敞开的留空部和靠外的盘的向内敞开的留空部与唯一的假想圆相交，该假想圆位于相对两个盘进而也相对轴成法向的平面中。在如下情况下，即，在每一个留空部中都存在有单个的滚动体尤其是圆柱滚子，只要两个盘、补偿元件以及保持元件彼此同中心地取向，那么该假想圆也就是说节圆就通过该滚动体的对称轴线被精确地描述。以该方式使得用于在两个盘之间传递转矩的全部滚动体均匀地受负荷。
盘与轴之间的连接能够通过不同的接连机构实现。例如，两个盘中较大的盘具有能用来与和其中一个轴连接的凸缘进行拧接或铆接的孔。而较小的、优选具有呈矩形的基本形状的盘例如可以具有穿过在所述补偿元件或其中一个所述补偿元件中的中心开口的凸缘。该凸缘例如可以借助内齿部与其中一个轴连接。
为了便于装配联轴器，根据有利的改进方案，两个盘的每个留空部都通过弹簧元件被部分闭合。尤其是片簧适合用作弹簧元件，片簧通过夹持连接与盘连接。片簧负责在装配和运输期间使滚子或(由滚子、阶形销和呈环形的保持元件构成的)滚子单元在径向错位补偿部内部进行同中心地预定心。以如下方式设计片簧，即，一方面使滚子不会由于其自重而在径向错位补偿部内部处于偏心的位置，而另一方面在联轴器运行期间没有显著的干扰力被施加到滚动体上。
联轴器尤其适合于在混合动力模块中使用，该混合动力模块位于机动车的传动系中并且包括电动马达以及分离离合器。原则上，用于机动车的混合动力模块例如由文献WO2014/026685 A1、WO 2012/167767 A1、DE 10 2013 215 737 A1以及DE 10 2012 207 941A1公知。
附图说明
下面，结合附图详细阐述本发明的实施例。其中：
图1以分解图示出被设置成用于补偿轴之间的径向错位的联轴器；
图2以剖视图示出联轴器；
图3以立体图示出联轴器；
图4和5以不同视图分别示出联轴器的由多个传递力和转矩的组件构成的***；
图6示出联轴器的靠外的第一盘；
图7示出联轴器的靠内的第二盘；
图8示出具有联轴器的混合动力模块。
具体实施方式
在图1至3所示的、整体上用附图标记1标注的联轴器被构造成用于补偿两个未示出的轴之间的径向错位，并且也被称为Oldham联轴器。借助联轴器1也能够补偿两个彼此相联接的轴之间的略微轴向的错位以及补偿较小的角度误差。
联轴器1包括两个盘2、3，这两个盘分别与轴或另外的旋转的部件连接，其中，这些部件中的一个作为驱动部件起作用，而另外的部件作为从动部件起作用。盘2、3的共同的旋转轴线用A(图2)标注。并非通常性限制地，在下面，盘2被称为驱动盘，并且盘3被称为从动盘。
两个盘2、3位于共同的平面中并且彼此嵌套，其中，驱动盘2表示靠外的盘，而从动盘3表示靠内的盘。靠外的盘2具有圆形的外周和非圆形的内周，内周基本上匹配于靠内的盘3的轮廓。该盘3的轮廓指的是从呈矩形的基本形状经修改的轮廓，其中，在矩形的两个纵侧上存在有圆弧状的扩开部，这些扩开部共同描述出相对旋转轴线A同中心的圆。
驱动盘2在其靠外的区域中具有多个固定孔4，这些固定孔被用于连接在图1至3中未示出的、待驱动的部件，也就是说用于连接两个待联接的轴中的一个。与之所不同，在从动盘3的内周上存在有带内齿部6的凸缘5，以便使从动盘3抗相对转动地连到从动轴上。从动轴例如指的是变速器输入轴。
盘2、3之间的相对旋转轴线A的径向错位能够借助成对的呈环形盘状的补偿元件7、8来实现，补偿元件在两侧围住由盘2、3构成的***。每个补偿元件7、8都具有不同类型的开口9、10，亦即四个长形的、沿径向方向延伸的开口9和总共八个同样是长形的、但却沿周向方向延伸的开口10。开口9被用来借助滚动体11，亦即圆柱滚子在传递盘2、3之间进行力和转矩的传递，而开口10的目的仅是降低补偿元件7、8的质量。
穿过了补偿元件7、8以及由两个盘2、3所构成的***的滚动体11借助第一对呈环形的保持元件12、13和第二对呈环形的保持元件14、15受引导。第一对呈环形的保持元件12、13由靠内的保持元件12和靠外的保持元件13形成。以相应的方式，第二对呈环形的保持元件14、15由靠内的保持元件14和靠外的保持元件15形成。其中每个保持元件12、13、14、15都具有环形的基本形状。两个靠内的保持元件12、14通过阶形销16彼此连接。以同样的方式，两个靠外的保持元件14、15也通过阶形销16彼此连接。使得靠内的保持元件12、14彼此连接的阶形销16布置在两个保持元件12、14的在直径上相对置的侧上。同样地，使得靠外的保持元件13、15彼此连接的那些阶形销16彼此在直径上相对置。
在实施例中，其中每个滚动体11在阶形销16上受滑动支承。阶形销16在端侧略微探出两个保持元件12、13、14、15。在补偿元件7、8的内侧上，也就是说，在补偿元件7、8的分别朝向盘2的那个侧上，在盘2与补偿元件7、8之间分别放入止推垫圈17，止推垫圈套在滚动体11上。因此，总共存在有八个止推垫圈17。
借助保持元件12、13、14、15以及补偿元件7、8受引导的滚动体11尤其穿过了盘2、3中的能在图5至7中看到的留空部18、19。在此，靠外的盘2在其基本上呈弧形地拱曲的区段内分别具有向内敞开的留空部18。而靠内的盘3在其窄侧上分别具有向外敞开的留空部19。
其中每个留空部18、19都通过弹簧元件20，亦即片簧，被部分封闭，以便于联轴器1的装配。弹簧元件20通过夹持元件21保持在盘2、3上。不同于所示的实施例地也可以一件式地实施弹簧和夹持元件。
图8示出了联轴器1在混合动力模块22中的装入情况，混合动力模块22被设置成用于装入到机动车中并且具有由内燃机的曲轴驱动的输入轴23。混合动力模块22的与变速器输入轴连接的或与变速器输入轴是同一个的未示出的输出轴借助内齿部6能够接连到联轴器1的靠内的盘3上。在混合动力模块22内部存在有电动马达24以及被构造为摩擦离合器的分离离合器25。联轴器1被用于在机动车的传动系内部补偿输入轴23与凸缘5之间的可能发生的径向错位。
附图标记列表
1 联轴器
2 驱动盘、靠外的盘
3 从动盘、靠内的盘
4 固定孔
5 凸缘
6 内齿部
7 补偿元件
8 补偿元件
9 沿径向方向延伸的开口
10 沿周向方向延伸的开口
11 滚动体
12 呈环形的靠内的保持元件
13 呈环形的靠外的保持元件
14 呈环形的靠内的保持元件
15 呈环形的靠外的保持元件
16 阶形销
17 止推垫圈
18 靠外的盘中的留空部
19 靠内的盘中的留空部
20 弹簧元件
21 夹持元件
22 混合动力模块
23 输入轴
24 电动马达
25 分离离合器
A 旋转轴线

Claims (9)

1.一种用于补偿径向错位的联轴器，所述联轴器具有两个盘(2、3)，亦即驱动盘(2)和从动盘(3)，所述联轴器还具有两个彼此平行的、相对其中每个所述盘(2、3)能沿径向方向偏移的、分别呈环形盘状的补偿元件(7、8)，其中，两个所述盘(2、3)基本上布置在共同的平面中，所述平面位于两个所述补偿元件(7、8)之间，其中一个盘(3)具有非圆形的形状，并且径向布置在另一个盘(2)的内部；补偿元件(7、8)借助圆柱型的滚动体(11)在两个所述盘(2、3)之间进行力和转矩的传递。
2.根据权利要求1所述的联轴器，其特征在于，与所述补偿元件(7、8)和所述盘(2、3)接触的滚动体(11)借助两对呈环形的保持元件(12、13、14、15)来支承，所述滚动体的轴线平行于所述盘(2、3)的轴线地延伸。
3.根据权利要求2所述的联轴器，其特征在于，每对保持元件(12、13、14、15)通过阶形销(16)彼此连接，所述滚动体(11)支承在所述阶形销上。
4.根据权利要求1所述的联轴器，其特征在于，每个补偿元件(7、8)具有四个沿径向方向延伸的开口(9)和一定数量的、布置在所述开口(9)之间的沿周向方向延伸的开口(10)。
5.根据权利要求1所述的联轴器，其特征在于，靠内的盘(3)具有向外敞开的留空部(19)，而靠外的盘(2)具有向内敞开的留空部(18)。
6.根据权利要求5所述的联轴器，其特征在于，两个盘(2、3)的所述留空部与滚动体(11)的对称轴线所描述的节圆相交，所述节圆位于相对所述盘(2、3)成法向的平面中。
7.根据权利要求5或6所述的联轴器，其特征在于，所述留空部(18、19)中的每个都通过弹簧元件(20)被部分闭合。
8.根据权利要求7所述的联轴器，其特征在于，所述弹簧元件(20)构造为片簧，并且通过夹持连接与所述盘(2、3)连接。
9.根据权利要求1所述的联轴器在机动车的具有电动马达(24)以及分离离合器(25)的混合动力模块(22)中的应用。
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