CN106829861A - 一种荒焦炉煤气自热式部分氧化制取合成气的方法 - Google Patents

一种荒焦炉煤气自热式部分氧化制取合成气的方法 Download PDF

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CN106829861A
CN106829861A CN201710046249.XA CN201710046249A CN106829861A CN 106829861 A CN106829861 A CN 106829861A CN 201710046249 A CN201710046249 A CN 201710046249A CN 106829861 A CN106829861 A CN 106829861A
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gas
coke
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synthesis gas
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白添中
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Taiyuan Zhongning Hydrocarbon Conversion Engineering Co Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
    • C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
    • C01B3/36—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using oxygen or mixtures containing oxygen as gasifying agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
    • C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
    • C01B3/48—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents followed by reaction of water vapour with carbon monoxide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/0205—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step
    • C01B2203/0211—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a non-catalytic reforming step
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    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/08—Methods of heating or cooling
    • C01B2203/0805—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/0811—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas by combustion of fuel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/08—Methods of heating or cooling
    • C01B2203/0872—Methods of cooling
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/12—Feeding the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/1205—Composition of the feed
    • C01B2203/1211—Organic compounds or organic mixtures used in the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/1235—Hydrocarbons
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    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种荒焦炉煤气自热式部分氧化制取合成气的方法，可把高温荒焦炉煤气中的甲烷、煤焦油、苯、萘等转化为有效气一氧化碳和氢。本发明具有工艺流程简单，节能环保的优点。

Description

一种荒焦炉煤气自热式部分氧化制取合成气的方法
技术领域
本发明属于一种生产合成气的方法，具体地说，涉及一种自热式非催化部分氧化的方法，该法可把炼焦炉的副产品荒焦炉煤气转化成合成气。
背景技术
本发明的合成气主要成分是氢气和一氧化碳，还有少量的二氧化碳等气体，广泛用于制取甲醇、液氨、乙二醇等多种化工产品。
荒焦炉煤气是指刚离开炼焦炉的高温（约700～800℃）含有煤焦油、苯、萘、氨、硫化物、甲烷、氢气、一氧化碳、二氧化碳、水蒸气等多组分的煤气。
现阶段工业上通常是先把荒焦炉煤气中的煤焦油、苯、氨、萘、硫化物等通过化产回收分离后，再用含甲烷的洁净焦炉煤气制取合成气。
焦化厂化产车间通过物理及化学方法分离上述煤焦油、苯、氨等组分时存在如下问题：
（1）由于化产回收需在常温下进行，所以，荒焦炉煤气的高温热能没有利用，反而依靠大量水来冷却，造成能源上的浪费。
（2）荒焦炉煤气含有大量的高温水蒸气也随着氨水冷凝而液化，未被利用，也造成很大的能源浪费。
（3）化产回收车间回收上述组分时，将有少量气态烃、苯等有毒气体排放，还有蒸氨废水、洗脱苯废水、焦油渣、洗油渣这些废物排放，增大了三废处理的难度。
发明内容
本发明的目的，是提供一种荒焦炉煤气通过自热式部分氧化转化来制取合成气的方法。
刚离开炼焦炉的含有大量水蒸气的高温荒焦炉气，在补充配入一部分水蒸汽的条件下，直接在转化炉内与氧气进行常压非催化部分氧化来制取合成气，工艺过程简单、节能环保，实现了经济、环境、能源的和谐发展。
本发明制取合成气的工艺过程，包括以下步骤：
（1）从炼焦炉顶部集气管通过管道抽取700~800℃荒焦炉煤气。
（2）荒焦炉煤气趁热直接引入非催化转化炉，同时把氧气（含O2 99.6%）及废锅来的部分蒸汽分别送入转化炉。在转化炉的前段，有烃类的燃烧反应。这些烃包括煤焦油、苯、萘、甲烷等碳氢化合物，用CmHn表示：
CmHn＋﹙m＋n/4﹚O2＝mCO2＋n/2H2O
利用不完全燃烧的反应热，剩余的烃要与水蒸汽进行吸热的转化方法：
CmHn＋m H2O＝mCO＋﹙n/2＋m﹚H2
在上面的反应过程中，还存在烃的裂解反应：
CmHn＝﹙m－n/4﹚C＋n/4CH4
CH4＝C＋2H2
在反应后的CO、H2、CO2、H2O各种组分之间，存在下面的反应：
CO＋H2O＝CO2＋H2
非催化部分氧化的高温区间大约1100~1450℃，上述反应不需要外部加热即可完成自热式平衡反应，反应后的转化气1000~1200℃，主要含H2 62～65%、含CO 25～28% 、含CO2 7～7.5%(体积百分数)。荒焦炉煤气中的有机硫在转化炉内转化为无机硫H2S。
（3）转化气中含有少量的炭黑，通过分离器分离，作为炭黑产品外售。
（4）高温转化气进入转化气废热锅炉，利用转化气的高温产生饱和蒸汽，该饱和蒸汽一部分进转化炉，调节转化反应，多余蒸汽送出界外。转化气降温到400℃左右离开废热锅炉。
（5）离开废热锅炉的转化气去锅炉给水预热器降温，加热锅炉给水，转化气降至200℃左右。
（6）经锅炉给水预热器降温后的转化气进入水冷器，进一步冷却至常温，然后作为合成气送出界外。
附图说明
图1是本发明的工艺流程图。

Claims (11)

1.一种采用化学方式把荒焦炉煤气转化成合成气的方法，其特征在于包括以下步骤：⑴通过管道从炼焦炉顶部的集气管抽取荒焦炉煤气。
2.⑵把刚离开炼焦炉的高温荒焦炉煤气送到转化炉，同时把氧气（含氧99.6%）及水蒸气也送入转化炉，在转化炉内进行不需要外部加热的自热式部分氧化反应。
3.产生含有大量H2及CO的温度1000～1200℃的转化气。
4.荒焦炉煤气中的有机硫在高温下转化成无机硫H2S。
5.⑶转化气经过耐高温分离器分离掉其中出现的炭黑。
6.⑷高温转化气进入废热锅炉降温到400℃左右，产生饱和蒸汽。
7.⑸离开废热锅炉的转化气经过锅炉给水预热器降温到200℃左右。
8.⑹冷却后的转化气经过水冷器进一步冷至常温并分离冷凝水后，作为合成气送出界外。
9.合成气中主要含H2 62～65%、含CO 25～28% 、含CO2 7～7.5%（体积百分数）。
10.如权利要求1所述的部分氧化生产合成气的方法，其特征在于所述的荒焦炉煤气是从炼焦炉出来的含有CH4、H2、CO、CO2、N2、水蒸气、煤焦油、苯、萘、氨、硫化物的高温焦炉煤气。
11.根据权利要求1所述的部分氧化生产合成气的方法，是一个自热式热平衡的转化方法，不需要外部热源来加热，也不需要催化剂。
CN201710046249.XA 2017-01-22 2017-01-22 一种荒焦炉煤气自热式部分氧化制取合成气的方法 Pending CN106829861A (zh)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109485016A (zh) * 2019-01-17 2019-03-19 河北科技大学 一种焦炉荒煤气直接水蒸汽重整制取氢气或氨的***及方法
CN113845942A (zh) * 2021-11-30 2021-12-28 华泰永创(北京)科技股份有限公司 一种炼焦和烟气处理***及方法

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101368010A (zh) * 2008-09-25 2009-02-18 曲靖市众一煤化有限公司 用焦炉煤气生产半补强炭黑、甲醇、液氨的方法
CN102923657A (zh) * 2012-11-16 2013-02-13 华东理工大学 一种热量可回收的气态烃非催化部分氧化制合成气的方法

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CN101368010A (zh) * 2008-09-25 2009-02-18 曲靖市众一煤化有限公司 用焦炉煤气生产半补强炭黑、甲醇、液氨的方法
CN102923657A (zh) * 2012-11-16 2013-02-13 华东理工大学 一种热量可回收的气态烃非催化部分氧化制合成气的方法

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109485016A (zh) * 2019-01-17 2019-03-19 河北科技大学 一种焦炉荒煤气直接水蒸汽重整制取氢气或氨的***及方法
CN113845942A (zh) * 2021-11-30 2021-12-28 华泰永创(北京)科技股份有限公司 一种炼焦和烟气处理***及方法
CN113845942B (zh) * 2021-11-30 2022-02-18 华泰永创(北京)科技股份有限公司 一种炼焦和烟气处理***及方法

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