Debugging method of Hall angle debugging system of direct-current brushless motor
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of direct current brushless motors, and particularly relates to a debugging method of a Hall angle debugging system of a direct current brushless motor.
Background
The direct current brushless motor (Brushless Direct Current Permanent Magnet Motor, hereinafter referred to as BLDC) has the advantages of high efficiency, good starting performance, good speed regulation property and the like. Because the brushless DC motor cancels the sliding contact between the brush and the commutator, the brushless DC motor has the characteristics of long service life, high reliability, low noise, capability of being used in explosion-proof places and the like, so that the brushless DC motor is more and more widely applied in various industries.
In a brushless dc motor, hall position sensors are often used to measure the rotor position and rotational speed of the motor. The accuracy of the installation of the rotor position sensor is directly related to the operation of the dc brushless motor, so how to install the hall position sensor is very important. Rotor position is an important signal required to control BLDC. The Hall sensor has the advantages of low cost, reliability, simple installation and the like, and becomes a sensor which is more commonly used. The installation accuracy and consistency of the position sensor have great influence on the running performance of the brushless DC motor.
Typically hall sensors are mounted in two ways, one on the non-drive end alone, with small inductive magnets on the shaft, and one directly in the stator slot. The Hall installation mode directly installed in the stator slot has the defects that the Hall signal has larger interference ratio, is unfavorable for being used for controlling an accurate motor current loop and a speed loop, is independently installed at a non-driving end, isolates the Hall from motor magnetic steel and windings, and solves the problem of interference, but how to ensure the installation accuracy of the Hall and the consistency in the mass production of the motor becomes a difficult problem in the motor production process.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention aims to provide a debugging method of a Hall angle debugging system of a brushless DC motor, which solves the problem of consistent installation of Hall discs in the production process of the brushless DC motor, and improves the consistency of the motor and the matching with a motor controller.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a Hall angle debugging system of a direct current brushless motor comprises a motor rotation control part, a motor rotor actual electric angle acquisition part, a rotor reference electric angle acquisition part, a rotor actual electric angle and reference electric angle comparison calculation part, three electric angle display parts, a motor drive start-stop key and a forward and backward rotation key pressing panel; the motor rotation control part is connected with the motor, the actual electric angle acquisition part of the motor rotor and the reference electric angle acquisition part of the rotor are respectively connected with the actual electric angle of the rotor and the reference electric angle comparison calculation part, the actual electric angle of the rotor and the reference electric angle comparison calculation part are connected with the three electric angle display parts, and the motor drive start-stop key and the forward-reverse rotation key panel are used for controlling the start and stop of the motor and controlling the clockwise and anticlockwise rotation of the motor.
A method for debugging the Hall angle of a direct current brushless motor comprises the following steps:
(1) Firstly, the motor rotating part obtains the actual electric angle of the motor by adopting a Hall-free signal checking matrix circuit, and the actual electric angle of the motor is used as the rotating angle of the motor to control the rotation of the motor, so that the motor rotates to drive the change of the Hall angle of the motor to be compared with the actual electric angle;
(2) The actual electric angle acquisition part of the motor rotor adopts a Hall-free signal inspection matrix circuit to obtain angle pre-judgment so as to start the motor, and a counter electromotive force matrix comparison circuit is used for acquiring the actual angle of the motor after the motor rotates;
(3) The rotor reference electric angle is obtained by filtering an external Hall signal through an RC circuit and then sending the filtered external Hall signal to a rotor actual electric angle and reference electric angle comparison calculation part;
(4) The angle comparison module expands the actual electric angle of the motor rotor and the reference electric angle of the rotor to the same order of magnitude through a base amplification algorithm, and then obtains a real-time rotation difference value of the two electric angles through a real-time rotation angle comparison algorithm;
(5) The real-time rotation difference value of the two electric angles corresponding to each Hall is obtained through the comparison and calculation part of the actual electric angle of the rotor and the reference electric angle, then the real-time rotation difference value of the electric angles is displayed through a three-section nixie tube of the three electric angle display parts, and then the positive and negative of the difference value are indicated through two red and blue LED lamps;
(6) And finally, the motor drives the start-stop button and the forward and backward rotation pressing button panel to send instructions to the MCU through the start-stop button so as to control the start and stop of the motor, and the forward and backward rotation button is used for controlling the clockwise rotation and the anticlockwise rotation of the motor.
Preferably, the hall-free signal check matrix circuit in the step (1) and the step (2) comprises a U-phase input circuit, a V-phase input circuit and a W-phase input circuit; the U-phase, V-phase and W-phase input circuits are respectively connected with R31, R33 and R32, and the other ends of the R31, R33 and R32 are respectively and simultaneously connected with one ends of C30, R34 and R37, C31, R35 and R38, C29, R36, R39 and R40; wherein the other end of the C30 is connected in series with R44 and the other end U of R44 is connected, the other end of the C31 is connected in series with R42 and the other end V of R42 is connected, the other end of the C29 is connected in series with R43 and the other end W of R43 is connected, wherein the other end of the R34 is connected in parallel with C8 and C8 is grounded, the other end of the R35 is connected in parallel with C9 and the other end of C9 is connected with the other end of C8, the other end of the R36 is connected in parallel with C10 and the other end of C10 is connected with the other end of C9, wherein the other end of the R37 is connected in parallel with C26 and C26 is grounded, the other end of the R38 is simultaneously connected with C27 and the other end of R37 is grounded, the other end of the R39 is simultaneously connected with C28 and the other end of R38 is grounded, wherein the other end of the R40 is simultaneously connected with one end of R41 and R3, the other end of R41 is connected with-12V voltage, and the other end of R3 is grounded.
Preferably, the external hall RC circuit in the step (3) includes a hall interface, a 5 pin of the hall interface is connected with a diode D2 and the diode D2 is connected with a +5v voltage, and 4, 3, 2 pins of the hall interface are respectively connected with one ends of R8 and R9, R6 and R10, R7 and R11, wherein the other ends of R8, R6 and R7 are connected with +5v voltage, and the other ends of R9, R10 and R11 are simultaneously connected with Hc, hb, ha output ends and one ends of C17, C16 and C15, and 1 pin of the hall interface is connected with the other ends of C17, C16 and C15, and all C17, C16 and C15 are grounded.
Preferably, the resistance value of R8 is 2.2K.
Preferably, the resistance value of R6 is 2.2K.
Preferably, the resistance value of R7 is 2.2K.
Preferably, the resistance value of R9 is 3.3K.
Preferably, the resistance value of R10 is 3.3K.
Preferably, the resistance value of R11 is 3.3K.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the debugging system and the debugging method are used for ensuring consistency of the electric angle and the mechanical angle of the motor in the motor production and manufacturing process, solve the problem of consistency of installation of the Hall disc in the brushless direct current motor production process, and improve the consistency of the motor and the consistency of the motor controller.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a circuit diagram of a hall signal-free check matrix circuit of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a circuit diagram of an external hall RC circuit of the present invention.
Description of the embodiments
The invention will be further described with reference to the drawings and detailed description.
A Hall angle debugging system of a direct current brushless motor comprises a motor rotation control part, a motor rotor actual electric angle acquisition part, a rotor reference electric angle acquisition part, a rotor actual electric angle and reference electric angle comparison calculation part, three electric angle display parts, a motor drive start-stop key and a forward and backward rotation key pressing panel.
The motor rotation control part is connected with the motor, the actual electric angle acquisition part of the motor rotor and the reference electric angle acquisition part of the rotor are respectively connected with the actual electric angle and the reference electric angle comparison calculation part of the rotor, the actual electric angle and the reference electric angle comparison calculation part of the rotor are connected with the three electric angle display parts, and the motor drive start-stop key and the forward-reverse key pressing panel are used for controlling the start and stop of the motor and controlling the clockwise and anticlockwise rotation of the motor.
A method for debugging the Hall angle of a direct current brushless motor comprises the following steps:
(1) Firstly, the motor rotating part obtains the actual electric angle of the motor by adopting a Hall signal-free check matrix circuit, the actual electric angle of the motor is used as the rotating angle of the motor to control the rotation of the motor, and the motor rotation is used for enabling the motor rotor to rotate to drive the change of the Hall angle of the motor, so that the actual electric angle is compared with the actual electric angle.
(2) The actual electric angle acquisition part of the motor rotor adopts a Hall-free signal inspection matrix circuit to obtain angle pre-judgment so as to start the motor, and a counter electromotive force matrix comparison circuit is used for acquiring the actual angle of the motor after the motor rotates.
As shown in fig. 1, the hall-free check matrix circuit in the step (1) and the step (2) comprises a U-phase input circuit, a V-phase input circuit and a W-phase input circuit; the U phase, V phase and W phase input circuits are respectively connected with R31, R33 and R32, and the other ends of R31, R33 and R32 are respectively and simultaneously connected with one ends of C30, R34 and R37, C31, R35 and R38, C29, R36, R39 and R40; wherein the other end of C30 is connected in series with R44 and the other end of R44 is connected with the U-phase output circuit, the other end of C31 is connected in series with R42 and the other end of R42 is connected with the V-phase output circuit, the other end of C29 is connected in series with R43 and the other end of R43 is connected with the W-phase output circuit, the other end of R34 is connected in parallel with C8 and C8 is grounded, the other end of R35 is connected in parallel with C9 and the other end of C9 is connected with the other end of C8, the other end of R36 is connected in parallel with C10 and the other end of C10 is connected with the other end of C9, wherein the other end of R37 is connected in parallel with C26 and C26 is grounded, the other end of R38 is simultaneously connected with the other end of C27 and C27 is grounded, the other end of R39 is simultaneously connected with the other end of C28 and C28 is grounded, wherein the other end of R40 is simultaneously connected with one end of R41 and R3, the other end of R41 is connected with-12V voltage, and the other end of R3 is grounded.
(3) The reference electric angle of the rotor is obtained by filtering an external Hall signal through an RC circuit and then sending the filtered external Hall signal to a comparison and calculation part of the actual electric angle and the reference electric angle of the rotor.
As shown in fig. 2, in the step (3), the external hall RC circuit includes a hall interface, a diode D2 is connected to a 5 pin of the hall interface and a +5v voltage is connected to the diode D2, the 4, 3, 2 pins of the hall interface are respectively connected to one ends of R8 and R9, R6 and R10, and R7 and R11, wherein the other ends of R8, R6 and R7 are connected to +5v voltage, the other ends of R9, R10 and R11 are simultaneously connected to Hc, hb, ha output ends and one ends of C17, C16 and C15, and the 1 pin of the hall interface is connected to the other ends of C17, C16 and C15, and C17, C16 and C15 are all grounded.
Wherein, the resistance values of R8, R6 and R7 are all 2.2K; the resistance values of R9, R10 and R11 are 3.3K.
(4) The angle comparison module expands the actual electric angle of the motor rotor and the reference electric angle of the rotor to the same order of magnitude through a base amplification algorithm, and then obtains a real-time rotation difference value of the two electric angles through a real-time rotation angle comparison algorithm;
(5) The real-time rotation difference value of the two electric angles corresponding to each Hall is obtained through the comparison and calculation part of the actual electric angle of the rotor and the reference electric angle, then the real-time rotation difference value of the electric angles is displayed through a three-section nixie tube of the three electric angle display parts, and then the positive and negative of the difference value are indicated through two red and blue LED lamps;
(6) And finally, the motor drives the start-stop button and the forward and backward rotation pressing button panel to send instructions to the MCU through the start-stop button so as to control the start and stop of the motor, and the forward and backward rotation button is used for controlling the clockwise rotation and the anticlockwise rotation of the motor.
The debugging system and the debugging method are used for ensuring consistency of the electric angle and the mechanical angle of the motor in the motor production and manufacturing process, solve the problem of consistency of installation of the Hall disc in the brushless direct current motor production process, and improve the consistency of the motor and the consistency of the motor controller.
The mounting method of the Hall sensor position comprises the following steps: in the actual operation in the motor production process, firstly, the Hall and phase lines of the motor are connected with the wire harness corresponding to the instrument, then 24V direct current is supplied to the secondary instrument, then a starting key is pressed, the motor rotates, firstly, the motor rotates clockwise, a nixie tube and an LED lamp are observed, the Hall disc is rotated by hands to obtain a desired value, and then the Hall disc is fixed. And then the motor is reversed, and the digital tube and the LED lamp are observed, so that a reversed difference value is obtained.
The above-described embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, and thus, modifications, equivalent variations, improvements, etc. made in accordance with the claims of the present invention still fall within the scope of the invention.