CN106753719B - 聚醚型全合成压缩机油组合物及其制备方法 - Google Patents

聚醚型全合成压缩机油组合物及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN106753719B
CN106753719B CN201611208042.XA CN201611208042A CN106753719B CN 106753719 B CN106753719 B CN 106753719B CN 201611208042 A CN201611208042 A CN 201611208042A CN 106753719 B CN106753719 B CN 106753719B
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张世伟
鲍丹丹
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SHANGHAI SYNNEX LUBRICATION TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供一种聚醚型全合成压缩机油组合物，包括按重量百分比计的以下组分：60%～85%的聚醚，5%～30%的烷基芳烃，0.5%～8%的抗氧剂，0.01%～1%的含硫或含磷极压抗磨剂，0.01%～1%的防锈剂，0.001%～0.5%的金属钝化剂，以及0.001%～0.1%的抗乳化剂。本发明还提供上述聚醚型全合成压缩机油组合物的制备方法。本发明聚醚型全合成压缩机油组合物具有优异的氧化安定性、热安定性，还具有优异的清净分散性、低积炭和油泥形成倾向，以及优秀的水解安定性和抗乳化性能，尤其适用于高温、高压的螺杆式空气压缩机的润滑。

Description

聚醚型全合成压缩机油组合物及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及工业用压缩机油技术领域，特别是涉及一种用于润滑螺杆式空气压缩机的聚醚型全合成压缩机油组合物。
背景技术
压缩机油一直以来被用于润滑压缩机轴承、密封转子、冷却压缩空气。由于空气压缩机一直处于高压、高温及有冷凝水存在的工况下，所以所需润滑油应具有优异的氧化安定性、热稳定性，低积炭和油泥形成倾向、良好的油水分离性以及优秀的防锈性能等。压缩机油的质量对压缩机使用可靠性及安全性有着很大的影响，并且好的油品能有效的减少换油周期，延长油品及设备的使用寿命。
目前市场上的压缩机油通常分为矿物型和合成型，矿物型压缩机油使用寿命短，即使采用优秀的添加剂配方，一般在4000小时以下需换油。合成型压缩机油通常以合成酯和聚α烯烃为主要基础油，与矿物型压缩机油相比，该类压缩机油的使用寿命能够延长3倍以上，具有节能、降低能耗等优点。但聚α烯烃的润滑性较差；酯类油虽具有一定的润滑性能，但水解安定性差，遇水易分解。在专利（US4302343）中显示，酯类压缩机油更适合用于往复式压缩机中，在螺杆式压缩机中其低温粘度较大，不利于低温启动。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种聚醚型全合成压缩机油组合物及其制备方法，该聚醚型全合成压缩机油组合物具有优异的氧化安定性、热安定性，还具有优异的清净分散性、低积炭和油泥形成倾向，以及优秀的水解安定性和抗乳化性能，尤其适用于高温、高压的螺杆式空气压缩机的润滑。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供一种聚醚型全合成压缩机油组合物，包括按重量百分比计的以下组分：60%～85%的聚醚，5%～30%的烷基芳烃，0.5%～8%的抗氧剂，0.01%～1%的含硫或含磷极压抗磨剂，0.01%～1%的防锈剂，0.001%～0.5%的金属钝化剂，以及0.001%～0.1%的抗乳化剂。
优选的，所述聚醚的结构为Z-(-(CHR1-CHR2-O)n-R3)m，其中，Z是含1-8个活性氢基团的起始剂，R1和R2为烷基基团，n值为10-20，R3为含1-30个C原子的烷基基团；所述聚醚的分子量为500-5000,40℃运动粘度为22-220cSt。
优选的，所述R1和R2选自CH3或CH2CH3。
优选的，所述烷基芳烃选自烷基苯、烷基萘、烷基蒽、烷基菲中的一种或几种；
所述烷基奈由含10-20个C原子的烷基中间体烷基化而得，所述烷基奈的40℃运动粘度为22-220cSt。
优选的，所述抗氧剂选自酚类抗氧剂、胺类抗氧剂、磷酸酯型抗氧剂中的一种或几种；
所述酚类抗氧剂选自2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚、2,6-二叔丁基酚、4,4'-亚甲基二(2,6-二叔丁基酚)、硫醚酚中的一种或几种；
所述胺类抗氧剂选自苯基-α-萘胺、二苯胺、烷基二苯胺中的一种或几种；
所述磷酸酯型抗氧剂为亚磷酸酯。
优选的，所述含硫或含磷极压抗磨剂选自硫代氨基甲酸酯、磷酸酯铵盐、三苯硫代磷酸酯、二硫化磷酸盐、磷酸壬基胺盐混合物中的一种或几种。
优选的，所述防锈剂选自氨基酸衍生物、有机酸、二壬基萘磺酸盐、磷酸壬基胺盐混合物中的一种或几种。
优选的，所述金属钝化剂选自苯***衍生物、噻二唑衍生物、专有杂环衍生物中的一种或几种。
优选的，所述抗乳化剂为聚醚类高分子化合物。
本发明还提供上述聚醚型全合成压缩机油组合物的制备方法，包括如下步骤：按重量百分比计，将60%～85%的聚醚与5%～30%的烷基芳烃加入带搅拌器的调和釜内，加热至60-70℃，调和0.5～1小时至均匀；然后加入0.5%～8%的抗氧剂、0.01%～1%的含硫或含磷极压抗磨剂、0.01%～1%的防锈剂、0.001%～0.5%的金属钝化剂以及0.001%～0.1%的抗乳化剂，在60-70℃下调和2～4小时，至混合物均匀透明。
本发明的优点和有益效果在于：提供一种聚醚型全合成压缩机油组合物及其制备方法，该聚醚型全合成压缩机油组合物具有优异的氧化安定性、热安定性，还具有优异的清净分散性、低积炭和油泥形成倾向，以及优秀的水解安定性和抗乳化性能，尤其适用于高温、高压的螺杆式空气压缩机的润滑。
聚醚是由含活性氢基团的起始剂与环氧乙烷、环氧丙烷、环氧丁烷等开环均聚或共聚制得的聚合物，其性能与分子结构紧密相关。与矿物油和其他合成油相比，聚醚具有优秀的清净分散性能，在高温下不易生成油泥和胶状物质；并且基于其极性，聚醚能形成非常稳定的具有大吸附力和承载能力的润滑剂膜，具有较低的摩擦系数与较强的抗剪切能力，因此聚醚的润滑性优于矿油、聚α烯烃和双酯。同时，聚醚还具有高粘度指数、低倾点等优异的性能。
相对于酯类油，烷基芳烃除具有出众的热氧化安定性、优异的添加剂溶解性外，还表现出优异的水解稳定性，并且，烷基芳烃中不含极性基团，其极性大大小于酯类油和多数添加剂，因而对金属表面的竞争力小，使添加剂能更好的发挥其功效。本发明中加入烷基芳烃以增加聚醚的添加剂溶解性。
螺杆压缩机油失效的一个重要原因就是压缩机油被严重氧化引起粘度增大，这也是定期换油的重要因素，因此抗老化性能是螺杆式压缩机油非常重要的特征。为满足这一要求，需要在基础油中加入抗氧剂，同时还需加入抗磨剂、防锈剂、腐蚀抑制剂、金属钝化剂等添加剂，以满足螺杆式压缩机油的其他性能。
本发明采用聚醚型全合成基础油，同时添加烷基芳烃解决聚醚的添加剂溶解问题，避免采用水解安定性较差的酯类油；同时添加高性能的添加剂，所获得的聚醚型全合成压缩机油具有优秀的氧化安定性和热安定性、优异的清净分散性、低积炭和油泥形成倾向，以及优秀的水解安定性和抗乳化性能，即使在高温高压下依然具有很长的使用寿命。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例，对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步描述。以下实施例仅用于更加清楚地说明本发明的技术方案，而不能以此来限制本发明的保护范围。
本发明提供一种聚醚型全合成压缩机油组合物，包括按重量百分比计的以下组分：60%～85%的聚醚，5%～30%的烷基芳烃，0.5%～8%的抗氧剂，0.01%～1%的含硫或含磷极压抗磨剂，0.01%～1%的防锈剂，0.001%～0.5%的金属钝化剂，以及0.001%～0.1%的抗乳化剂。
所述聚醚的结构为Z-(-(CHR1-CHR2-O)n-R3)m，其中，Z是含1-8个活性氢基团的起始剂，R1和R2为烷基基团，n值为10-20，R3为含1-30个C原子的烷基基团；所述聚醚的分子量为500-5000,40℃运动粘度为22-220cSt；所述R1和R2选自CH3或CH2CH3。
所述烷基芳烃选自烷基苯、烷基萘、烷基蒽、烷基菲中的一种或几种；所述烷基奈由含10-20个C原子的烷基中间体烷基化而得，所述烷基奈的40℃运动粘度为22-220cSt。
所述抗氧剂选自酚类抗氧剂、胺类抗氧剂、磷酸酯型抗氧剂中的一种或几种；所述酚类抗氧剂选自2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚、2,6-二叔丁基酚、4,4'-亚甲基二(2,6-二叔丁基酚)、硫醚酚中的一种或几种；所述胺类抗氧剂选自苯基-α-萘胺、二苯胺、烷基二苯胺中的一种或几种；所述磷酸酯型抗氧剂为亚磷酸酯。
所述含硫或含磷极压抗磨剂选自硫代氨基甲酸酯、磷酸酯铵盐、三苯硫代磷酸酯、二硫化磷酸盐、磷酸壬基胺盐混合物中的一种或几种。
所述防锈剂选自氨基酸衍生物、有机酸、二壬基萘磺酸盐、磷酸壬基胺盐混合物中的一种或几种。
所述金属钝化剂选自苯***衍生物、噻二唑衍生物、专有杂环衍生物中的一种或几种。
所述抗乳化剂为聚醚类高分子化合物。
本发明还提供上述聚醚型全合成压缩机油组合物的制备方法，包括如下步骤：按重量百分比计，将60%～85%的聚醚与5%～30%的烷基芳烃加入带搅拌器的调和釜内，加热至60-70℃，调和0.5～1小时至均匀；然后加入0.5%～8%的抗氧剂、0.01%～1%的含硫或含磷极压抗磨剂、0.01%～1%的防锈剂、0.001%～0.5%的金属钝化剂以及0.001%～0.1%的抗乳化剂，在60-70℃下调和2～4小时，至混合物均匀透明。
本发明具体实施的技术方案包括：
实施例1
一种聚醚型全合成压缩机油组合物，其各组分按重量百分比分配如下：
聚醚：63.44%、烷基奈：28%、胺类抗氧剂：6.0%、酚类抗氧剂：2.0%、抗磨剂：0.5%、有机酸防锈剂：0.02%、苯***衍生物：0.02%、聚醚类抗乳化剂：0.02%。实施例1所得聚醚型全合成压缩机油组合物的主要测试性能见表1。
实施例2
一种聚醚型全合成压缩机油组合物，其各组分按重量百分比分配如下：
聚醚：64.44%、烷基奈：28%、胺类抗氧剂：5.0%、酚类抗氧剂：2.0%、抗磨剂：0.5%、有机酸防锈剂：0.02%、苯***衍生物：0.02%、聚醚类抗乳化剂：0.02%。实施例2所得聚醚型全合成压缩机油组合物的主要测试性能见表1。
实施例3
一种聚醚型全合成压缩机油组合物，其各组分按重量百分比分配如下：
聚醚：69.44%、烷基奈：25%、胺类抗氧剂：3.0%、酚类抗氧剂：2.0%、抗磨剂：0.5%、有机酸防锈剂：0.02%、苯***衍生物：0.02%、聚醚类抗乳化剂：0.02%。实施例3所得聚醚型全合成压缩机油组合物的主要测试性能见表1。
表1 各实施例性能测试数据
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明技术原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (2)

1.聚醚型全合成压缩机油组合物，其特征在于，包括按重量百分比计的以下组分：60%～85%的聚醚，5%～30%的烷基菲，0.5%～8%的亚磷酸酯，0.01%～1%的硫代氨基甲酸酯，0.01%～1%的磷酸壬基胺盐，0.001%～0.5%的噻二唑衍生物，以及0.001%～0.1%的聚醚类高分子化合物；
所述聚醚的结构为Z-(-(CHR1-CHR2-O)n-R3)m，其中，Z是含1-8个活性氢基团的起始剂，R1和R2为选自CH3或CH2CH3，n值为10-20，R3为含1-30个C原子的烷基基团；所述聚醚的分子量为500-5000,40℃运动粘度为22-220cSt。
2.权利要求1所述聚醚型全合成压缩机油组合物的制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：按重量百分比计，将60%～85%的聚醚与5%～30%的烷基菲加入带搅拌器的调和釜内，加热至60-70℃，调和0.5～1小时至均匀；然后加入0.5%～8%的亚磷酸酯、0.01%～1%的硫代氨基甲酸酯、0.01%～1%的磷酸壬基胺盐、0.001%～0.5%的噻二唑衍生物以及0.001%～0.1%的聚醚类高分子化合物，在60-70℃下调和2～4小时，至混合物均匀透明。
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