CN106753416A - A kind of preparation method of phosphorus base soil conditioner - Google Patents
A kind of preparation method of phosphorus base soil conditioner Download PDFInfo
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- CN106753416A CN106753416A CN201611269677.0A CN201611269677A CN106753416A CN 106753416 A CN106753416 A CN 106753416A CN 201611269677 A CN201611269677 A CN 201611269677A CN 106753416 A CN106753416 A CN 106753416A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B17/00—Other phosphatic fertilisers, e.g. soft rock phosphates, bone meal
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2101/00—Agricultural use
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2109/00—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE pH regulation
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- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of preparation method of phosphorus base soil conditioner, the soil conditioner is fully mixed according to 15% 25% phosphorus ores of mass ratio meter, 37.5% 42.5% dehydration bed mud and 37.5% 42.5% cow dungs, after compost fermentation becomes thoroughly decomposed, material after compost is crushed, sieving is sieved, phosphorus base soil conditioner is finally obtained.The soil conditioner can provide phosphorus nourishing for crop, promote plant growth；Improve soil granular structure, keep soil from packing together；Improve Soil bioremediation, increase the functions such as acid soil microbial activity, enhancing soil enzyme activities.The utilization of bed mud, cow dung, phosphorus ore in soil conditioner, plays a part of energy-conserving and environment-protective, resource circulation utilization, on the premise of these discarded objects are made full use of, for the stable high yield of crop provides scientific basis.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to soil agrochemistry field, more particularly to a kind of preparation method of phosphorus base soil conditioner.
Background technology
Phosphorus ore is the important strategic resource of country, in China's grain-production (accounting for more than 71%), modern chemical industry, new energy
There is extensive use in the fields such as source, new material and national defence.Phosphorus ore is non-renewable mineral resources, is classified as by Ministry of Land and Resources
One of 20 mineral of national economic development demand can not be met after 2010.China's phosphorus ore rich reserves, but " rich without richness "
The problems such as " utilization rate is low ", more protrudes, and phosphorus ore demand is increasingly serious with development contradiction.Phosphate fertilizer is easily made in application
Into phosphorus fixation and loss, phosphate fertilizer utilization ratio can be caused low, the problems such as body eutrophication, urgent need finds rational improvement side
Case.
China's mid low grade phosphate rock is more, rich ore is few, the characteristics of difficult ore dressing is more, easy ore dressing is few.Wherein, mid low grade phosphate rock with
Based on Sedimentary phosphate rock (collophane), more than the 85% of gross reserves is accounted for, valuable mineral particle is thin in collophane, with other ores
It is tightly combined, is not readily separated, belongs to difficult ore dressing.Dian Chi is one of three lakes that China needs focused protection, is mother lake in Kunming.
In recent decades, as River valley economy, society are fast-developing, Dian Chi is strong by the effect of human activity, and water pollution is serious, water quality
Deteriorate, eutrophication is serious, and remittance or source of the bed mud as water pollutant have a major impact to Dianchi Lake Pollution.By constantly pushing away
Enter Sediment Dredging and mitigate Dian Chi endogenous pollution load, to improving Water Quality of Dianchi Lake, lifting whole Dianchi Lake Basin eco-environmental quality meaning
Justice is great.Cow dung, containing various degradable compositions, produces stink, grows mosquito, and moisture is high, and aeration is poor, is cold property
Fertilizer, becomes thoroughly decomposed slow, heats up slow.Quantity is big, arbitrarily stacks, and pollution environment before Composting, it is necessary to add certain conditioner
Fermentation is set to be smoothed out.
To sum up, be difficult to utilize or unavailable mid-low grade collophanite ore particle, plant residuum (agricultural crop straw,
Phytophaga animal wastes etc.) etc. be made soil conditioner, with energy-conserving and environment-protective, improve soil texture, provide nutrient supply, increase
Plant nutrient etc. is acted on.
The Chinese patent of Application No. 200910039297.1 is disclosed at a kind of organic waste scale high-speed composting
Reason method, has pertained only to the processing mode of organic waste, and specific aim is not strong and composting process is more complicated with respect to this research, originally grinds
Study carefully the recycling treatment for not only realizing organic waste, a large amount of phosphorus needed for the soil conditioner of preparation can also provide crop are first
Element, improves soil texture.The Chinese patent of Application No. 201510776355.4 is disclosed using natural minerals and organic waste
The soil conditioner and its method of thing production, soil conditioner preparing raw material are different from this research, and need to be by ore reduction, height
A series of processes such as temperature calcining, levigate, high cost, the function of nursing one's health soil is limited, and the soil conditioner energy part of this research
Phosphate fertilizer is substituted, Plant P Nutrition is significantly improved.
The content of the invention
Have phosphate fertilizer effect concurrently it is an object of the invention to provide one kind, and can improved soil a kind of soil conditioner system
Preparation Method, it is that a kind of process is simple, with low cost, raw material be sufficient, application effect significantly utilizes collophane, cow dung, Dian Chi
Bed mud is the method that primary raw material makes soil conditioner, for promoting plant growth, improving utilization rate of fertilizer, improved soil,
Solve the problems, such as that acid red soil of south China soil quality declines and influences its sustainable use.
To achieve the above object, the technical scheme that the preparation method of phosphorus base soil conditioner of the present invention is used is as follows：
Comprise the following steps that and process conditions；
(1) by the 15%-25% collophanes particle of mass ratio meter, the dehydration bed mud and 37.5%- of 37.5%-42.5%
42.5% cow dung fully mixes, and obtains mixed material；
(2) after raw material mixing, compost fermentation is carried out, the measure of Indexes of Maturity Evaluation is carried out after becoming thoroughly decomposed, after qualified
Granulated, sub-sieve processing, the flow, as phosphorus base soil conditioner such as Drying and cooling.
To be crushed to 0.5-1cm particle diameters, below 15%, the bed mud is to be crushed to 0.5- to its moisture content to the collophane
1cm, moisture content is below 20%；The soil conditioner in preparation process, per turning once, to dilute 500 times of pyrolkigneous liquid
Uniform sprinkling；The time that raw material stacking is cured is 15-30d, by crushing, sieving and granulate, obtains phosphorus base soil tune
Reason agent.
The collophane P2O5Meter total phosphorus content is 15-22%.
Raw material configuration is reasonable in the present invention, and every kind of raw material has its distinctive effect：(1) bed mud, is clay, silt, has
The mixture of machine matter and various mineral, water body is deposited on by the effects such as long-time physics, chemistry and biology and water body transmission
Bottom is formed, and is good conditioner containing abundant peat.But it is used as the main accumulation storehouse of Heavy Metals in Water Environment,
In the presence of potential heavy metal pollution risk.Therefore, comprehensive utilization difficulty causes cost, is mitigated by constantly propulsion Sediment Dredging
Dian Chi endogenous pollution load, can improve water quality and recover aquatic ecological environment；(2) cow dung, containing various degradable compositions, produces
Raw stink, grows mosquito, and moisture is high, and aeration is poor, is cold manure, becomes thoroughly decomposed slow, heats up slow.Quantity is big, with
Meaning is stacked, and pollution environment enables fermentation to be smoothed out, it is necessary to add certain conditioner before Composting.But its tool organic matter
The advantage high with nutrient content.In cow dung in the organic matter of high content and bed mud the complexing of heavy metal ion to weight in bed mud
The fixation and migration of metal ion have extremely important influence.(3) collophane, the important source material of phosphatic compound fertilizer, because of its ore dressing
Important nutrient needed for high cost, grade is low, is unsuitable for chemical process, but it has plant, can significantly promote plant
Growth.
Phosphorus-containing compound has obviously effect in terms of stabilizing heavy metal, can be repaiied as heavy-metal contaminated soil
Multiple a kind of cheap, effective important measures.
We study Phosphorus in Sediment of Dianchi Lake Heavy Metal Pollution and find, it is found that Sediments of Dian Chi Lake quality is presented slight pollution,
Being enriched with to a certain degree occurs in lead, therefore there is the risk of lead doping during agricultural, mobility of the heavy metal in soil and
Biological effectiveness is more important than its total concentration, therefore, the biological effectiveness of heavy metal is reduced for managing and improving bed mud with much money
Category is most important.The phosphate compounds contained in collophane, fixed-contamination environment is realized by phosphate-heavy metal precipitation
Heavy metal, so as to significantly reduce effective form of heavy metal, can be used to the heavy metal of fixed-contamination environment, but its phosphate-weight
Precipitated metal mechanism is reacted：1) phosphoric acid Salt treatment heavy metal adsorption；2) phosphate generates precipitation or mineral with heavy metal；3) phosphorus
The direct Adsorption of Heavy Metals in hydrochlorate surface.
The present invention belongs to soil conditioner using three kinds of raw materials, is respectively solid waste species and natural minerals class, sheet
The characteristics of invention combines different types of soil conditioner, by Composting treatment, substantial amounts of insoluble phosphate will be dissolved,
Have complementary advantages, prepare have improve soil texture, there is provided nutrient supply, increase plant nutrient the advantages of soil conditioner.
Brief description of the drawings：
Fig. 1 is the process chart for making product of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
The present invention plants the preparation of phosphorus base soil conditioner, and primary raw material in percentage by weight, is dehydrated bed mud 37.5%-
The ratio of the 42.5%th, cow dung 37.5%-42.5%, phosphorus ore 15-25%, bed mud and cow dung is 1:1.After raw material mixing, heap is carried out
Fertilizer fermentation, carries out the measure of Indexes of Maturity Evaluation after becoming thoroughly decomposed, granulated after qualified, sub-sieve processing, Drying and cooling etc.
Flow, as phosphorus base soil conditioner.
Embodiment：
The early stage treatment of raw material：
(1) bed mud and phosphorus ore are dried to moisture content and is reached：Less than 20%, it is crushed to 0.5-1cm particles.Fresh cow dung is standby
With.
Concrete operations：Bed mud (moisture content about 80%), cow dung and phosphorus ore are transported to material and stack field stacking, three kinds of materials point
Opening is put, and can't be mixed.Bed mud needs to be handled as follows before being transported to scene：Outdoor drying, until moisture up to (20% with
Under), note configuring dustcloth during crushing, bed mud is crushed to 0.5-1cm.Phosphorus ore has been crushed to 0.5- before being transported to stacking field
1cm particle diameters, moisture content below 15%, do not reprocess by scene.
Composting fermentation process (turning, deodorant, moisture regulation etc.)：
(1) raw material proportioning
Proportioning 1：The ratio of the phosphorus ore particle of+42.5% cow dung of 42.5% bed mud+15%, bed mud and cow dung is 1:1.
Proportioning 2：The ratio of the phosphorus ore particle of+37.5% cow dung of 37.5% bed mud+25%, bed mud and cow dung is 1:1.
(2) raw material mixing
The reserved vacant lot in field being stacked in material, blender is installed.Before batch mixing, three kinds of weight of different material are weighed with Plastic Drum,
Later on blender, hand feed at blender is pushed into by small handcart, until bed mud uniformly wraps up phosphorus ore and cow dung, hybrid reactor
Material is presented discharging by uniform black gray expandable, is well mixed material with forklift after discharging.After composting material is mixed, regulation
Moisture is to 55%-60%.PH is about 5.5-9.0；The material that will be mixed piles bar pile, height 80-120cm, 2-2.5m wide,
Section is trapezoidal.
(3) after heap is good, sprayed with 500 times of pyrolkigneous liquid of dilution, disinfecting, deodorizing.
(4) more than 2m is spaced between each two heap body so as to turning, in case turning between the N number of reserved N+1 bar stack of pile.
Turning after startup：
(1) turning method is that all pile compost materials are moved into bottom from top, and top is turned to from bottom, overall to one
Side translates.
(2) during turning, using turning machine, by all piles successively to side displacement, and shaping is gathered again.Period notes
Bulk materials are smashed.
(3) thermophase in：Subsequent start-up is fermented, daily thermometric three times (early 8 points, in 1 point, late 6 points), and good environment temperature
Record.Once, per turning once, moisture is surveyed in sampling mixing for every turning in five days.Depending on moisture, appropriate regulation heap body water
Divide content.Ensure that heap temperature can keep in middle warm area, until when temperature reaches 35 DEG C or so, being kept for one month, fermentation stage knot
Beam.Windrow can be shakeout, stops fermentation, promote moisture evaporation, after fermentation ends, loose, odorless, the taste for having rich soil.
(4) nutrient, heavy metal, Fu Shu Du Alto indexs is carried out to fertilizer after fermentation ends to be measured.
Later stage is processed：
(1) crush, stir
Soil conditioner after being fermented by above step is crushed, and fertilizer is stirred using mixer.
(2) granulate
The soil conditioner that will be fermented is granulated using Squeezinggranulator, about 3-4 millimeters of graininess diameter.
(3) sub-sieve processing
The fertilizer that will have been granulated carries out screening and becomes soil conditioner by cylinder screen-dividing machine, and screening machine will be underproof
Particle screen selecting out crushes granulation again.
(4) dry, cool down
Just the granule moisture level made it is larger, it is necessary to using dryer by moisture dry to organic fertilizer standard 20% with
Under.
(5) pack
Using electronic scale automatic measuring packing.
Comparative example
Phosphorus base soil conditioner of the invention, the rape on acid red soil of south China has carried out a series of examinations with pakchoi
Test, achieve good application effect.Potted plant application is characteristic of acid red soil for examination soil, and its chemical property is as shown in table 1 below.
The chemical property of the characteristic of acid red soil of table 1
Characteristic of acid red soil is crossed 2mm after air-dried and is sieved, and soil 1.5kg is filled per basin, and soil moisture adjusts 80% to field capacity,
Plantation pakchoi, 55 days post-samplings determine pakchoi with the dry of rapeseed plants, fresh weight.Pakchoi and rape seed：Select as far as possible
Crop seed (weight method) of the same size, uses 10%H2O2Solution immersion 30min carries out disinfection, and uses deionization after treatment again
Water is rinsed well repeatedly, is dried, sowing.Experiment is provided with not to be applied phosphorus and applies soil conditioner treatment, per basin total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total
Potassium content is consistent.N (200mg.kg are applied according to every basin base-1), P (300mg/kg), K (150mg.kg-1), it is urea to apply N fertilizer,
Applied K fertilizer is potassium sulfate, and the phosphorus for applying phosphorus treatment is replaced by phosphorus base soil conditioner.
(1) influence of the phosphorus base soil conditioner to characteristic of acid red soil phosphorus physicochemical property is applied
Using phosphorus base soil conditioner, the pH value to adjusting characteristic of acid red soil plays the role of good.As shown in Table 1, by basin
Experiment is planted, compared with the control, the soil pH value using phosphorus base soil conditioner of the invention rises 0.74 unit, than initial soil
Earth improves 0.48 unit, and total Phosphorus In Soil increased 74.4% compared to control, and 37.3% is increased than initial soil, soil sun from
Sub- exchange capacity increased 11.27cmol/kg, and 11.45cmol/kg is increased than initial soil, and the content of organic matter increased
30.66%, increased 65.4% than initial soil.Illustrate that phosphorus base soil conditioner can effectively improve the phosphorus element battalion of characteristic of acid red soil
Support, improve soil pH and soil fertility.
Influence of the soil conditioner of table 2 to characteristic of acid red soil physicochemical property
Note：Alphabet is marked to show Duncan the result of multiple comparisons in table.Different letters represent significant difference, same word matrix
Show difference not significantly (p<0.05), appearing below the figure of letter, table has identical meaning.Experimental data, is entered using SPSS softwares
Row analysis, data are represented in p in table<0.05 horizontal significant difference, the mask method of wherein a, b, c and d is as follows：Will be all average
Number is arranged in order from big to small, and alphabetical a is put on maximum average, and subtracting following average with the average obtains pole
Difference, less than the value under corresponding p, i.e. difference is inapparent, alphabetical a is all put on, until big with the extreme difference of certain average for all extreme differences
In or equal to LSR0.05 values, that is, alphabetical b is then marked with when there is significant difference on this average, then the average of b is indicated with this
It is standard, more than compared with each average bigger than it, all inapparent equal mark-on letter b of difference, and to indicate b most
Big average is standard, and compared with following unlabelled average, all difference is inapparent to be continued to put on alphabetical b, until certain
The average of one significant difference therewith is then marked with alphabetical c, so repeats to compare, until a minimum average has
Untill Reference character.
(2) influence of the phosphorus base soil conditioner to characteristic of acid red soil content of beary metal is applied
Using phosphorus base soil conditioner, the influence to heavy metal content in soil less, does not result in soil pollution, by table 3
Understand, compared with soil conditioner is not applied, heavy metal lead, cadmium, chromium, mercury, the arsenic of characteristic of acid red soil in the range of soil safety,
And it is notable with contrast difference.
Influence (mg/kg) of the soil conditioner of table 3 to characteristic of acid red soil content of beary metal
(3) influence of the phosphorus base soil conditioner to Growth of Cabbage and yield is applied
As shown in Table 4, in addition to SPAD values, the pakchoi plant height of soil conditioner treatment, leaf area, overground part are biological
Amount, underground part biomass are significantly higher than does not apply soil conditioner treatment.Underground part dry weight increased 0.31g, amplification per basin
Up to 182.35%, overground part dry weight increased 2.37g per basin, and amplification illustrates that soil conditioner is significantly promoted up to 348.5%
The overground part of pakchoi and the growth of underground part.
Influence of the soil conditioner of table 4 to Growth of Cabbage
(4) influence of the soil conditioner to growth of rape and yield is applied
As shown in Table 5, the rape plant height of soil conditioner treatment, SPAD values, leaf area, underground part dry weight, overground part are done
It is above not applying soil conditioner treatment again, and in addition to SPAD values, remaining treatment reaches the level of signifiance.Underground part is done with overground part
Anharmonic ratio does not apply soil conditioner treatment and increased 0.07g and 0.85g respectively, and amplification is 46.7% and 137%.Illustrate soil conditioning
Agent significantly promotes the growth of rape root and overground part.
Influence of the soil conditioner of table 5 to growth of rape
The present invention is pollution-free, and raw material is sufficient, easily implements, raw materials used cheap, the effect with energy-conserving and environment-protective.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of preparation method of phosphorus base soil conditioner, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps that and process conditions；
(1) by the 15%-25% collophanes particle of mass ratio meter, the dehydration bed mud and 37.5%-42.5% of 37.5%-42.5%
Cow dung fully mixes, and obtains mixed material；
(2) after raw material mixing, compost fermentation is carried out, the measure of Indexes of Maturity Evaluation is carried out after becoming thoroughly decomposed, carried out after qualified
The flows, as phosphorus base soil conditioner such as granulation, sub-sieve processing, Drying and cooling.
2. the preparation method of a kind of phosphorus base soil conditioner according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
To be crushed to 0.5-1cm particle diameters, below 15%, the bed mud contains its moisture content the collophane to be crushed to 0.5-1cm
Water rate is below 20%；The soil conditioner per turning once, is uniformly sprayed in preparation process with the pyrolkigneous liquid for diluting 500 times
Spill；The time that raw material stacking is cured is 15-30d, by crushing, sieving and granulate, obtains phosphorus base soil conditioner.
3. a kind of preparation method of phosphorus base soil conditioner according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that the glue phosphorus
Ore deposit P2O5Meter total phosphorus content is 15-22%.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113582780A (en) * | 2021-08-12 | 2021-11-02 | 中国科学院城市环境研究所 | Phosphorus-rich and silicon-rich compost product prepared by adding yellow phosphorus slag and production method thereof |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101781140A (en) * | 2010-02-03 | 2010-07-21 | 北京海亚地大生化科技有限公司 | Organic fertilizer and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN104892143A (en) * | 2015-05-22 | 2015-09-09 | 柳州师范高等专科学校 | Biological organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN105062500A (en) * | 2015-09-15 | 2015-11-18 | 北京好收成全农生物科技有限公司 | Acid soil conditioner and preparation method thereof |
-
2016
- 2016-12-30 CN CN201611269677.0A patent/CN106753416A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101781140A (en) * | 2010-02-03 | 2010-07-21 | 北京海亚地大生化科技有限公司 | Organic fertilizer and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN104892143A (en) * | 2015-05-22 | 2015-09-09 | 柳州师范高等专科学校 | Biological organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN105062500A (en) * | 2015-09-15 | 2015-11-18 | 北京好收成全农生物科技有限公司 | Acid soil conditioner and preparation method thereof |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113582780A (en) * | 2021-08-12 | 2021-11-02 | 中国科学院城市环境研究所 | Phosphorus-rich and silicon-rich compost product prepared by adding yellow phosphorus slag and production method thereof |
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