CN106735216B - A kind of the increase and decrease material composite manufacturing equipment and method of metal parts - Google Patents
A kind of the increase and decrease material composite manufacturing equipment and method of metal parts Download PDFInfo
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- CN106735216B CN106735216B CN201611264089.8A CN201611264089A CN106735216B CN 106735216 B CN106735216 B CN 106735216B CN 201611264089 A CN201611264089 A CN 201611264089A CN 106735216 B CN106735216 B CN 106735216B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/70—Recycling
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/32—Process control of the atmosphere, e.g. composition or pressure in a building chamber
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/80—Data acquisition or data processing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/003—Apparatus, e.g. furnaces
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
- B22F10/366—Scanning parameters, e.g. hatch distance or scanning strategy
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/50—Treatment of workpieces or articles during build-up, e.g. treatments applied to fused layers during build-up
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/40—Radiation means
- B22F12/49—Scanners
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
- B22F2003/247—Removing material: carving, cleaning, grinding, hobbing, honing, lapping, polishing, milling, shaving, skiving, turning the surface
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of increase and decrease material composite manufacturing of metal parts equipment and methods.The equipment includes increasing material manufacturing component, subtracts material manufacture component, atmosphere regulatory component and control system.The increasing material manufacturing component is used to implement selective laser fusing to parts to be processed；Subtract material manufacture component to be used to implement mechanical processing to the metal parts slicing layer for having melted forming；Atmosphere regulatory component is for providing protective gas for laser irradiation region domain in part manufacturing process and removing the metal fumes of laser irradiation region domain generation；Control system drives the operation of equipment each section for handling metal parts CAD model to be formed, generating increasing material manufacturing component and subtracting the machining locus of material manufacture component.Using increase and decrease material composite metal part manufacturing equipment provided by the present invention and method, the labyrinth metal parts of needles of various sizes precision and excellent surface quality can efficiently, be disposably manufactured.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to advanced manufacturing technology fields, and in particular to a kind of increase and decrease material composite manufacturing equipment of metal parts and
Method.
Background technology
Selective laser fusing is a kind of emerging increases material manufacturing technology, it is based on " discrete-accumulation " principle, is shaken using scanning
The high energy density laser beam of mirror output implements selective melting to the metal powder layer successively laid, can be not by frock clamp
With the near-net-shape for completing complicated metal parts in the case of mold.
However, being asked using the metal parts generally existing rough surface of selective laser fusing manufacture and dimensional discrepancy etc.
Topic, usually must impose mechanical processing to key position using traditional machine tool after forming can put into practical application, cause to produce
The extension in period and riseing for manufacturing cost.
In conclusion exploitation one kind can shape various labyrinths and product surface quality and dimensional accuracy
Novel manufacturing equipment and method, have a very important significance.
Invention content
In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention proposes increase and decrease material composite manufacturing equipment and the side of a kind of metal parts
Method, it is intended to efficiently, disposably manufacture the labyrinth metal parts of needles of various sizes precision and excellent surface quality.
The present invention provides a kind of increase and decrease material composite manufacturing equipment of metal parts, which is characterized in that the equipment includes increasing material
Manufacture component subtracts material manufacture component, atmosphere regulatory component and control system；
The increasing material manufacturing component is used to implement selective laser fusing to parts to be processed；
The material manufacture component that subtracts is used to implement mechanical processing to the metal parts slicing layer for having melted forming；
The atmosphere regulatory component for laser irradiation region domain in part manufacturing process for providing protective gas and removing
The metal fumes that laser irradiation region domain generates；
The control system is for handling metal parts CAD model to be formed, generating increasing material manufacturing component and subtracting material manufacture
The machining locus of component, and drive the operation of equipment each section；
The quantity of the parts to be processed may be either one, and can be multiple；
The selective laser fusing not only alternately, but also can synchronize progress with mechanical processing process.
Utilize the method for above-mentioned increase and decrease material composite metal part manufacturing equipment Prototyping Metal Parts, which is characterized in that should
Method includes the following steps：
1st step control system handles metal parts CAD model, and increasing material manufacturing component is generated according to model slice profile information
With the machining locus for subtracting material manufacture component；
2nd step establishes inertia, without dust atmospheres using atmosphere regulatory component in laser irradiation region domain；
3rd step lays metal powder layer；
4th step controls increasing material manufacturing component and implements selective laser fusing to parts to be processed successively along equipment left and right directions；
At the same time, control subtracts material manufacture component and implements mechanical add to the metal parts slicing layer for having melted forming successively in same direction
Work；
The slicing layer that processing is completed in part by the 5th step declines certain altitude, and lays metal powder again above it
Layer；
6th step repeats the 4th step and the 5th step, until completing the increase and decrease material composite manufacturing of all metal parts.
The present invention includes a kind of increase and decrease material composite manufacturing equipment and method of metal parts, specifically, the present invention has
Following technique effect：
(1) present invention utilizes a scanning galvanometer systems of M (M >=1) in increasing material manufacturing component successively to N (N >=1) a forming
The metal powder layer that cylinder upper surface is laid implements selective laser fusing, and the metal powder layer first formation cylinder upper surface is complete
After being melted at selective laser, all formation cylinder upper surfaces have been fused into successively using the milling cutter subtracted in material manufacture component
The metal coupon layer of shape implements mechanical processing；Based on the operation principle, the present invention can efficiently, disposably manufacture needles of various sizes
The labyrinth metal parts of precision and excellent surface quality；
(2) quantity of formation cylinder can be with flexible modulation in present invention equipment increasing material manufacturing component, and then can be produced at one
The increase and decrease material composite manufacturing of multiple metal parts is completed in period；
(3) increasing material manufacturing component can be worked alternatively with material manufacture component is subtracted, and can be worked asynchronously, and further improved and added
Work efficiency rate and flexibility；
(4) inventing provided equipment can be realized by existing selective laser fusing equipment be transformed, run and
Maintenance cost is low.
Description of the drawings
A kind of increase and decrease material composite manufacturing for metal parts that Fig. 1, Fig. 2 are provided by embodiment 1 is equipped, wherein Fig. 1 is dress
Standby side view, Fig. 2 are the sectional view in the faces A-A inside airtight cavity；
A kind of increase and decrease material composite manufacturing for metal parts that Fig. 3, Fig. 4 are provided by embodiment 2 is equipped, wherein Fig. 3 is dress
Standby side view, Fig. 4 are the sectional view in the faces B-B inside airtight cavity；
Figure label explanation：The horizontal lathe beds of 1-；2- portal frames；3- arms；4- milling cutters；5- pedestals；6- work is flat
Platform；7- Powder spreaders；8- formation cylinders；The first powder storage chambers of 9-；The second powder storage chambers of 10-；11- laser scanning generators；12-
First powdering guide rail；13- the second powdering guide rails；14- first scans guide rail；15- second scans guide rail；16- substrates；17- pistons；
18- the first powder storage chamber holders；19- the second powder storage chamber holders；20- workbench support columns；21- scans guide supporting column；22- is swept
Retouch galvanometer system；23- the first milling guide rails；24- the second milling guide rails；25- milling crossbeams；26- milling sliding blocks；27- millings are led
Rail support column；28- protects air source；29- high-effective dust-removing machines；30- airtight cavities.
Specific implementation mode
The present invention is explained in more detail below by by embodiment and attached drawing, but the following example and attached drawing are only to say
Bright property, protection scope of the present invention is not limited to these embodiments restrictions.In addition, in each embodiment disclosed below
Involved technical characteristic can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
A kind of increase and decrease material composite manufacturing of metal parts provided by the invention is equipped, which is characterized in that the equipment includes increasing
Material manufacture component subtracts material manufacture component, atmosphere regulatory component and control system；
The increasing material manufacturing component is used to implement selective laser fusing to parts to be processed；
The material manufacture component that subtracts is used to implement mechanical processing to the metal parts slicing layer for having melted forming；
The atmosphere regulatory component for laser irradiation region domain in part manufacturing process for providing protective gas and removing
The metal fumes that laser irradiation region domain generates；
The control system is for handling metal parts CAD model to be formed, generating increasing material manufacturing component and subtracting material manufacture
The machining locus of component, and drive the operation of equipment each section；
The quantity of the parts to be processed may be either one, and can be multiple；
The selective laser fusing not only alternately, but also can synchronize progress with mechanical processing process.
Following steps are can be summarized as using the method for the equipment manufacturing metal parts：
(1) control system handle metal parts CAD model, according to model slice profile information generate increasing material manufacturing component with
Subtract the machining locus of material manufacture component；
(2) using atmosphere regulatory component inertia is established in laser irradiation region domain, without dust atmospheres；
(3) metal powder layer is laid；
(4) control increasing material manufacturing component implements selective laser fusing to parts to be processed successively along equipment left and right directions；With
This simultaneously, control subtract material manufacture component in same direction successively to melted forming metal parts slicing layer implement machinery plus
Work；
(5) slicing layer that part is completed to processing declines certain altitude, and lays metal powder layer again above it；
(6) step (4)~(5) are repeated, until completing the increase and decrease material composite manufacturing of all metal parts.
Example：
Embodiment 1
As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, a kind of increase and decrease material composite manufacturing equipment for metal parts that present example provides, including subtract
Material manufactures component, increasing material manufacturing component, atmosphere regulatory component and control system.
The material manufacture component that subtracts includes milling cutter 4 and milling cutter transmission system；Milling cutter transmission system is specific
For a five-axle linkage Longmen machine tool, it is made of horizontal lathe bed 1, portal frame 2 and arm 3；Wherein, portal frame 2 is across can
Flexible horizontal lathe bed 1 in left-right direction；Arm 3 is mounted on the top of portal frame 2, can be slided along the longitudinal direction with vertical direction
It is dynamic；Milling cutter 4 is installed on 3 lower section of arm；
The increasing material manufacturing component includes pedestal 5, workbench 6, Powder spreader 7, formation cylinder 8, the first powder storage chamber 9, second
Powder storage chamber 10, laser scanning generator 11, the first powdering guide rail 12, the second powdering guide rail 13, first scanning guide rail 14, second are swept
It retouches guide rail 15, substrate 16, piston 17, the first powder storage chamber holder 18, the second powder storage chamber holder 19, workbench support column 20 and sweeps
Retouch guide supporting column 21；Wherein, pedestal 5 is installed on the upper surface of horizontal lathe bed 1, can pass through the flexible and arm 3 of horizontal lathe bed 1
Sliding realize with milling cutter 4 along left and right, front and back and vertical direction relative movement；Workbench 6 passes through workbench branch
Dagger 20 is installed on 5 top of pedestal；First powdering guide rail 12 and the second powdering guide rail 13 are respectively arranged in 6 upper surface of workbench
Rear and front end, the two can drive coupled Powder spreader 7 to be moved back and forth in left-right direction in 6 upper surface of workbench；First
Powder storage chamber 9 and the second powder storage chamber 10 are opened in the top at left and right sides of 7 movement locus of Powder spreader respectively, and pass through the first storage respectively
Powder room holder 18 is connected with the second powder storage chamber holder 19 with the upper surface of workbench 6；The forming that N number of (N >=1) arranges from left to right
Cylinder 8 is uniformly opened in 6 upper surface of workbench and is thrown vertically by the first powdering guide rail 12, the second powdering guide rail 13, the first powder storage chamber 9
The region that shadow and 10 vertical projection of the second powder storage chamber are enclosed；Piston 17 is installed on the cylinder base of each formation cylinder 8, substrate 16
It is installed on 17 top of piston, cylinder interior that can be in formation cylinder 8 under the drive of piston 17 vertically lifts；First scanning is led
Rail 14 and second scans guide rail 15 and is installed on 5 top of pedestal by scanning guide supporting column 21, and the two can drive coupled
Laser scanning generator 11 moves back and forth in left-right direction above workbench 6；First scanning guide rail 14, second scans guide rail
15 and laser scanning generator 11 height be less than portal frame 2 crossbeam；The inside of laser scanning generator 11 containing M (M >=
1) scanning galvanometer system 22；Tool of this example to the first powder storage chamber 9, the second powder storage chamber 10, Powder spreader 7 and scanning galvanometer system 22
Body structure does not have particular requirement, selects the correspondence mechanism of existing selective laser melting unit；In metal parts manufacturing process
In, the first powder storage chamber 9 and the second powder storage chamber 10 are responsible for storage metal powder, and are powdering when Powder spreader 7 is moved to below
Device 7 provides the metal powder of controllable quantity；Powder spreader 7 is responsible for laying the controllable metal powder of thickness above every piece of substrate 16
Layer；M scanning galvanometer system 22 in laser scanning generator 11 is responsible for the metal powder layer laid to every piece of 16 top of substrate
Implement selective laser fusing；
The atmosphere regulatory component includes protection air source 28, high-effective dust-removing machine 29 and airtight cavity 30；Wherein, airtight cavity
30 will subtract material manufacture component and increasing material manufacturing component be closed in inside it；Protection air source 28 is located at closed chamber with high-effective dust-removing machine 29
Outside body 30, it is each responsible in part manufacturing process providing protective gas for laser irradiation region domain and removes laser irradiation region domain
The metal fumes of generation；This example also without particular requirement, selects the concrete structure of protection air source 28 and high-effective dust-removing machine 29
The correspondence mechanism of existing selective laser melting unit；
The control system is located at outside airtight cavity 30, is connected by electric signal with equipment rest part, for handling
Metal parts CAD model to be formed, generates the machining locus of M scanning galvanometer system 22 and milling cutter 4, and drives equipment each
Partial operation.
It can be divided into following steps using the method that Fig. 1, increase and decrease material composite manufacturing shown in Fig. 2 equip Prototyping Metal Parts：
(1) according to production requirement, metal parts to be processed is distributed for each formation cylinder 8；Control system is by all metals
The CAD model of part is sliced to generate the scanning track of M scanning galvanometer system 22 in laser scanning generator 11；
(2) control system identifies that each metal parts must apply the slicing layer of mechanical processing, and generates adding for milling cutter 4
Work track；Metal parts must apply the slicing layer of mechanical processing including but not limited to：Surface roughness must be less than Ra12.5~
Slicing layer, needs and the other parts of Ra25 carry out the slicing layer of dimensional fits；
(3) using atmosphere regulatory component inertia is established in laser irradiation region domain, without dust atmospheres；Rise all formation cylinders 8
In substrate 16, so that 16 upper surface of substrate is located at the focal plane of scanning galvanometer system 22；
(4) Powder spreader 7 receives the metal powder that the first powder storage chamber 9 is provided, and from left to right successively in all formation cylinders 8
Upper surface, which is laid, has certain thickness metal powder layer；
(5) M scanning galvanometer system 22 in laser scanning generator 11 is from left to right successively to 8 upper table of all formation cylinders
The metal powder layer that face is laid implements selective laser fusing, and completes to swash in the metal powder layer of 8 upper surface of leftmost side formation cylinder
After light selective melting, the metal for having been melted forming to 8 upper surface of all formation cylinders successively from left to right using milling cutter 4 is cut
Lamella implements mechanical processing；
(6) all substrates 16 are vertically declined into distance identical with part slicing layer thickness；
(7) Powder spreader 7 receives the metal powder that the second powder storage chamber 10 is provided, and from right-to-left successively in all formation cylinders
8 upper surfaces, which are laid, has certain thickness metal powder layer；
(8) M scanning galvanometer system 22 in laser scanning generator 11 from right-to-left successively to 8 upper table of all formation cylinders
The metal powder layer that face is laid implements selective laser fusing, and completes to swash in the metal powder layer of 8 upper surface of rightmost side formation cylinder
After light selective melting, the metal for having been melted forming to 8 upper surface of all formation cylinders successively from right-to-left using milling cutter 4 is cut
Lamella implements mechanical processing；
(9) all substrates 16 are vertically declined into distance identical with part slicing layer thickness；
(10) step (4)~(9) are repeated, until completing the increase and decrease material composite manufacturing of all metal parts.
Embodiment 2
As shown in Figure 3, Figure 4, a kind of increase and decrease material composite manufacturing equipment for metal parts that present example provides, including increase
Material manufacture component subtracts material manufacture component, atmosphere regulatory component and control system.
The increasing material manufacturing component includes pedestal 5, workbench 6, Powder spreader 7, formation cylinder 8, the first powder storage chamber 9, second
Powder storage chamber 10, laser scanning generator 11, the first powdering guide rail 12, the second powdering guide rail 13, first scanning guide rail 14, second are swept
It retouches guide rail 15, substrate 16, piston 17, the first powder storage chamber holder 18, the second powder storage chamber holder 19, workbench support column 20 and sweeps
Retouch guide supporting column 21；Wherein, pedestal 5 is located at equipment bottommost；Workbench 6 is installed on base by workbench support column 20
5 top of seat；First powdering guide rail 12 and the second powdering guide rail 13 are respectively arranged in the rear and front end of 6 upper surface of workbench, the two
Coupled Powder spreader 7 can be driven to be moved back and forth in left-right direction in 6 upper surface of workbench；First powder storage chamber 9 and second
Powder storage chamber 10 is opened in the top at left and right sides of 7 movement locus of Powder spreader respectively, and respectively by the first powder storage chamber holder 18 with
Second powder storage chamber holder 19 is connected with the upper surface of workbench 6；The formation cylinder 8 that N number of (N >=1) arranges from left to right uniformly opens up
In 6 upper surface of workbench by the first powdering guide rail 12, the second powdering guide rail 13,9 vertical projection of the first powder storage chamber and the second storage
The region that 10 vertical projection of powder room is enclosed；Piston 17 is installed on the cylinder base of each formation cylinder 8, and substrate 16 is installed on piston
17 tops, cylinder interior that can be in formation cylinder 8 under the drive of piston 17 vertically lift；First scanning guide rail 14 and second
Scanning guide rail 15 is installed on 5 top of pedestal by scanning guide supporting column 21, and the two can drive coupled laser scanning to send out
Raw device 11 moves back and forth in left-right direction above workbench 6；Contain M (M >=1) scanning in 11 inside of laser scanning generator
Galvanometer system 22；Concrete structure of this example to the first powder storage chamber 9, the second powder storage chamber 10, Powder spreader 7 and scanning galvanometer system 22
There is no particular requirement, selects the correspondence mechanism of existing selective laser melting unit；In metal parts manufacturing process, first
Powder storage chamber 9 and the second powder storage chamber 10 are responsible for storage metal powder, and are provided for Powder spreader 7 when Powder spreader 7 is moved to below
The metal powder of controllable quantity；Powder spreader 7 is responsible for laying the controllable metal powder layer of thickness above every piece of substrate 16；Laser is swept
M scanning galvanometer system 22 in generator 11 is retouched to be responsible for implementing laser choosing to the metal powder layer that every piece of 16 top of substrate is laid
It melts in area；
The material manufacture component that subtracts includes milling cutter 4 and milling cutter transmission system；Milling cutter transmission system is specific
By the first milling guide rail 23, the second milling guide rail 24, milling crossbeam 25, milling sliding block 26, milling guide supporting column 27 and arm 3
It constitutes；Wherein, the first milling guide rail 23 and the second milling guide rail 24 are installed on by milling guide supporting column 27 on pedestal 5 respectively
The rear and front end on surface, the two can drive coupled milling crossbeam 25 to move back and forth in left-right direction；First milling guide rail
23 and second the height of milling guide rail 24 scan guide rail 15 and laser scanning generator 11 higher than the first scanning guide rail 14, second；
Milling sliding block 26 is connected with milling crossbeam 25, can slide along the longitudinal direction；Arm 3 is connected with milling sliding block 26, can be along vertical side
To sliding；Milling cutter 4 is installed on 3 lower section of arm.
The atmosphere regulatory component includes protection air source 28, high-effective dust-removing machine 29 and airtight cavity 30；Wherein, airtight cavity
30 will subtract material manufacture component and increasing material manufacturing component be closed in inside it；Protection air source 28 is located at closed chamber with high-effective dust-removing machine 29
Outside body 30, it is each responsible in part manufacturing process providing protective gas for laser irradiation region domain and removes laser irradiation region domain
The metal fumes of generation；This example also without particular requirement, selects the concrete structure of protection air source 28 and high-effective dust-removing machine 29
The correspondence mechanism of existing selective laser melting unit；
The control system is located at outside airtight cavity 30, is connected by electric signal with equipment rest part, for handling
Metal parts CAD model to be formed, generates the machining locus of M scanning galvanometer system 22 and milling cutter 4, and drives equipment each
Partial operation.
Utilize the method and example of Fig. 3, increase and decrease material composite metal part manufacturing equipment Prototyping Metal Parts shown in Fig. 4
1 is identical.
The foregoing is merely the preferred embodiments of the present invention, the thinking based on the present invention can also design the compound system of a variety of increase and decrease materials
Make equipment.For example, the first powder storage chamber 9, the second powder storage chamber 10 can be changed to the powder feeding cylinder in existing selective laser fusing equipment,
The supply mode of metal powder is changed to ascending manner by falling type；Equipment can also be equipped with multiple milling cutters 4, so as to further
Promote processing efficiency；In addition, the movement of laser scanning generator 11 is also realized using industrial multi-joint intelligent machine arm.Always
It, the present invention should not be limited to examples detailed above and attached drawing disclosure of that.It is every not depart from spirit disclosed in this invention
The equivalent or modification of lower completion, still should be regarded as within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of increase and decrease material composite manufacturing of metal parts is equipped, which is characterized in that the equipment includes increasing material manufacturing component, subtracts material
Manufacture component, atmosphere regulatory component and control system；
The increasing material manufacturing component is selective laser melting appartus, for implementing selective laser fusing to parts to be processed；It is described
It includes milling cutter transmission system and milling cutter (4) to subtract material manufacture component, for being sliced to the metal parts for having melted forming
Layer implements mechanical processing；The atmosphere regulatory component for laser irradiation region domain in part manufacturing process for providing protective gas
With the metal fumes for removing the generation of laser irradiation region domain；The control system is raw for handling metal parts CAD model to be formed
At increasing material manufacturing component and subtract material manufacture component machining locus, and drive equipment each section operation；
The milling cutter transmission system is five-axle linkage Longmen machine tool, by horizontal lathe bed (1), portal frame (2) and arm (3)
It constitutes；Wherein, portal frame (2) is across the horizontal lathe bed (1) that can be stretched in left-right direction；Arm (3) is mounted on portal frame
(2) top can be slided with vertical direction along the longitudinal direction；Milling cutter (4) is installed below arm (3)；The laser choosing
Area's melting appartus includes pedestal (5), workbench (6), Powder spreader (7), formation cylinder (8), the first powder storage chamber (9), the second storage powder
Room (10), laser scanning generator (11), the first powdering guide rail (12), the second powdering guide rail (13), first scanning guide rail (14),
Second scanning guide rail (15), substrate (16), piston (17), the first powder storage chamber holder (18), the second powder storage chamber holder (19), work
Platform support columns (20) and scanning guide supporting column (21)；Wherein, pedestal (5) is installed on the upper surface of horizontal lathe bed (1), can lead to
Cross flexible and arm (3) sliding realization and milling cutter (4) edge left and right, front and back and vertical direction the phase of horizontal lathe bed (1)
To movement；Workbench (6) is installed on by workbench support column (20) above pedestal (5)；First powdering guide rail (12) with
Second powdering guide rail (13) is respectively arranged in the rear and front end of workbench (6) upper surface, and the two can drive coupled powdering
Device (7) moves back and forth in left-right direction in workbench (6) upper surface；First powder storage chamber (9) and the second powder storage chamber (10) difference
It is opened in the top at left and right sides of Powder spreader (7) movement locus, and passes through the first powder storage chamber holder (18) and the second storage powder respectively
Room holder (19) is connected with the upper surface of workbench (6)；It is flat that N number of formation cylinder (8) arranged from left to right is uniformly opened in work
Platform (6) upper surface is by the first powdering guide rail (12), the second powdering guide rail (13), the first powder storage chamber (9) vertical projection and the second storage
The region that powder room (10) vertical projection is enclosed, N >=1；Piston (17) is installed on the cylinder base of each formation cylinder (8), substrate
(16) it is installed on above piston (17), cylinder interior that can be in formation cylinder (8) under piston (17) drive vertically lifts；
First scanning guide rail (14) is installed on by scanning guide supporting column (21) above pedestal (5) with the second scanning guide rail (15), and two
Person can drive coupled laser scanning generator (11) to be moved back and forth in left-right direction above workbench (6)；First
The height for scanning guide rail (14), the second scanning guide rail (15) and laser scanning generator (11) is less than the crossbeam of portal frame (2)；
Contain M scanning galvanometer system (22), M >=1 inside laser scanning generator (11)；
Alternatively,
The milling cutter transmission system includes the first milling guide rail (23), the second milling guide rail (24), milling crossbeam (25), milling
Cut sliding block (26), milling guide supporting column (27) and arm (3)；Wherein, the first milling guide rail (23) and the second milling guide rail
(24) respectively by milling guide supporting column (27) be installed on the selective laser melting appartus pedestal (5) upper surface it is front and back
Both ends, the first milling guide rail (23) can drive coupled milling crossbeam (25) in left-right direction with the second milling guide rail (24)
It moves back and forth；The height of first milling guide rail (23) and the second milling guide rail (24) is swept higher than the first scanning guide rail (14), second
Retouch guide rail (15) and laser scanning generator (11)；Milling sliding block (26) is connected with milling crossbeam (25), can slide along the longitudinal direction
It is dynamic；Arm (3) is connected with milling sliding block (26), can vertically slide；Milling cutter (4) is installed below arm (3)；Institute
It includes pedestal (5), workbench (6), Powder spreader (7), formation cylinder (8), the first powder storage chamber (9), second to state increasing material manufacturing component
Powder storage chamber (10), laser scanning generator (11), the first powdering guide rail (12), the second powdering guide rail (13), the first scanning guide rail
(14), the second scanning guide rail (15), substrate (16), piston (17), the first powder storage chamber holder (18), the second powder storage chamber holder
(19), workbench support column (20) and scanning guide supporting column (21)；Wherein, pedestal (5) is located at equipment bottommost；Work is flat
Platform (6) is installed on by workbench support column (20) above pedestal (5)；First powdering guide rail (12) and the second powdering guide rail
(13) it is respectively arranged in the rear and front end of workbench (6) upper surface, the two can drive coupled Powder spreader (7) flat in work
Platform (6) upper surface moves back and forth in left-right direction；First powder storage chamber (9) is opened in Powder spreader respectively with the second powder storage chamber (10)
(7) top at left and right sides of movement locus, and respectively by the first powder storage chamber holder (18) and the second powder storage chamber holder (19) with
The upper surface of workbench (6) is connected；N number of formation cylinder (8) arranged from left to right be uniformly opened in workbench (6) upper surface by
First powdering guide rail (12), the second powdering guide rail (13), the first powder storage chamber (9) vertical projection and the second powder storage chamber (10) are thrown vertically
The region that shadow is enclosed, N >=1；Piston (17) is installed on the cylinder base of each formation cylinder (8), and substrate (16) is installed on piston
(17) top, cylinder interior that can be in formation cylinder (8) under piston (17) drive vertically lift；First scanning guide rail
(14) it is installed on above pedestal (5) with the second scanning guide rail (15) by scanning guide supporting column (21), the two can drive and it
Connected laser scanning generator (11) moves back and forth in left-right direction above workbench (6)；Laser scanning generator
(11) internal to contain M scanning galvanometer system (22), M >=1.
2. increase and decrease material composite manufacturing equipment according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the atmosphere regulatory component includes protection
Air source (28), dust removal machine (29) and airtight cavity (30)；Wherein, airtight cavity (30) will be for that will subtract material manufacture component and increase material system
Component is made to be closed in inside it；Protection air source (28) is located at airtight cavity (30) outside with dust removal machine (29), is each responsible for zero
Protective gas is provided for laser irradiation region domain and remove the metal fumes that laser irradiation region domain generates in part manufacturing process.
3. increase and decrease material composite manufacturing equipment according to claim 1 or claim 2, which is characterized in that the equipment can be used in making simultaneously
Multiple parts are made, the increasing material manufacturing component can not only be worked alternatively with material manufacture component is subtracted, but also can be worked asynchronously.
4. a kind of method of Prototyping Metal Parts using the increase and decrease material composite manufacturing equipment of claims 1 or 22 or 3, special
Sign is that this approach includes the following steps：
A steps distribute metal parts to be processed for each formation cylinder (8) according to production requirement；Control system is by all metals
The CAD model of part is sliced to generate the scanning track of M scanning galvanometer system (22) in laser scanning generator (11)；
B step control systems identify that each metal parts must apply the slicing layer of mechanical processing, and generate adding for milling cutter (4)
Work track；
C steps establish inertia, without dust atmospheres using atmosphere regulatory component in laser irradiation region domain；Rise all formation cylinders (8)
In substrate (16), so that substrate (16) upper surface is located at the focal plane of scanning galvanometer system (22)；
D step Powder spreaders (7) receive the metal powder that the first powder storage chamber (9) is provided, and from left to right successively in all formings
Cylinder (8) upper surface, which is laid, has certain thickness metal powder layer；
E walks M scanning galvanometer system (22) in laser scanning generator (11) from left to right successively to all formation cylinders (8)
The metal powder layer that upper surface is laid implements selective laser fusing, and in the metal powder layer of leftmost side formation cylinder (8) upper surface
After completing selective laser fusing, all formation cylinders (8) upper surface has been fused into successively from left to right using milling cutter (4)
The metal coupon layer of shape implements mechanical processing；
All substrates (16) are vertically declined distance identical with part slicing layer thickness by f steps；
G step Powder spreaders (7) receive the metal powder that the second powder storage chamber (10) is provided, and from right-to-left successively in all formings
Cylinder (8) upper surface, which is laid, has certain thickness metal powder layer；
H walks M scanning galvanometer system (22) in laser scanning generator (11) from right-to-left successively to all formation cylinders (8)
The metal powder layer that upper surface is laid implements selective laser fusing, and in the metal powder layer of rightmost side formation cylinder (8) upper surface
After completing selective laser fusing, all formation cylinders (8) upper surface has been fused into successively from right-to-left using milling cutter (4)
The metal coupon layer of shape implements mechanical processing；
All substrates (16) are vertically declined distance identical with part slicing layer thickness by the i-th step；
Jth step repeats step the d and walks the~the i-th step, until completing the increase and decrease material composite manufacturing of all metal parts.
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