CN106719666B - 一种茶皂素在防控海月水母中的应用 - Google Patents

一种茶皂素在防控海月水母中的应用 Download PDF

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CN106719666B
CN106719666B CN201611150744.7A CN201611150744A CN106719666B CN 106719666 B CN106719666 B CN 106719666B CN 201611150744 A CN201611150744 A CN 201611150744A CN 106719666 B CN106719666 B CN 106719666B
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董志军
孙婷婷
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Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research of CAS
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
    • A01N43/14—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings
    • A01N43/16—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings with oxygen as the ring hetero atom

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Abstract

本发明涉及生物防治领域，尤其涉及一种茶皂素在防控海月水母中的应用。茶皂素在防控海月水母中的应用,所述茶皂素在制备防控海月水母抑制剂中的应用。本发明所述的茶皂素来源于山茶科的茶籽树种子、茎和叶提取得到的天然成分，在环境中易降解，符合生态安全的需要，其是一种天然的非离子型表面活性剂。其对海月水母碟状幼体和螅状幼体的毒性试验证明，茶皂素对海月水母碟状幼体和螅状幼体具有极强的杀灭毒性，进而可应用于防控海月水母灾害对滨海发电厂和海水养殖业的影响。

Description

一种茶皂素在防控海月水母中的应用
技术领域
本发明涉及生物防治领域，尤其涉及一种茶皂素在防控海月水母中的应用。
背景技术
海月水母(Aurelia aurita)，属刺胞动物门(Cnidaria)，钵水母纲(Scyphozoa)，旗口水母目(Semaeostomeae)，洋须水母科(Ulmaridae)，海月水母属(Aurelia)。海月水母在我国主要分布于黄渤海沿岸海域，属于我国海域大型水母优势种。
近年来，海月水母爆发给海岸带生产活动带来许多灾害性影响，成为近岸生态灾害事件。海月水母的爆发会影响滨海发电厂的正常运转。2009年7月海月水母在我国青岛沿岸爆发，造成发电厂冷却***堵塞，严重影响用电供应；海月水母爆发事件在我国烟台、威海、秦皇岛等近岸海域多有报道，严重影响滨海发电厂的正常运转。海月水母的爆发也会影响滨海海水养殖业。每年4-5月份黄渤海海参养殖池内出现大量海月水母，由于海月水母具有刺细胞，具有一定的毒性，因此可能对海参的养殖造成潜在的危害。另外，海月水母是广食性水母，可摄食海洋动物的卵和经济鱼类的幼体(幼鱼)，也可大量摄食小型浮游甲壳类，与经济鱼类争夺饵料，因此海月水母爆发会影响海洋渔业资源的恢复。因此，海月水母灾害的防控方法对于滨海发电厂的正常运转以及海水养殖业的健康发展具有重要的应用价值。
海月水母具有复杂的生活史，在整个生命周期中拥有有性浮游和无性底栖两个世代交替。其中无性底栖时代以螅状幼体形式存在，螅状幼体可通过横裂生殖释放碟状幼体，碟状幼体逐渐发育为幼水母。因此，控制海月水母幼体尤其是螅状幼体和碟状幼体的数量，可有效防控海月水母成体水母的灾害爆发。
目前，针对海月水母灾害爆发的防控方法，还未有报道和专利申请。
发明内容
针对上述领域的空白，本发明目的在于提供一种茶皂素在防控海月水母中的应用。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用技术方案为：
一种茶皂素在防控海月水母中的应用。
所述茶皂素在制备防控海月水母抑制剂中的应用。
所述茶皂素添加量为0.4-10mg/L。
所述防控为杀灭海月水母螅状幼体和/或碟状幼体。
所述茶皂素在制备防控海月水母螅状幼体抑制剂中的添加量为0.4-2mg/L；
所述茶皂素在制备防控海月水母碟状幼体抑制剂中的添加量为1.1-3mg/L。
一种防控海月水母抑制剂，所述抑制剂活性成分含茶皂素。
所述茶皂素添加量为0.4-10mg/L。
所述茶皂素在制备防控海月水母螅状幼体抑制剂中的添加量为0.4-2mg/L；
所述茶皂素在制备防控海月水母碟状幼体抑制剂中的添加量为1.1-3mg/L。
本发明所具有的优点：
1)本发明所述的茶皂素来源于山茶科的茶籽树种子、茎和叶提取得到的天然成分，在环境中易降解，符合生态安全的需要，其是一种天然的非离子型表面活性剂。
2)茶皂素对海月水母碟状幼体和螅状幼体的毒性试验证明，茶皂素对海月水母碟状幼体和螅状幼体具有极强的杀灭毒性，进而可应用于防控海月水母灾害对滨海发电厂和海水养殖业的影响。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例提供的不同茶皂素浓度下海月水母碟状幼体的死亡率图。
图2为本发明实施例提供的不同茶皂素浓度下海月水母螅状幼体的死亡率图；
图3为本发明实施例提供的不同茶皂素浓度下海月水母碟状幼体和螅状幼体的形态图。
具体实施方式
以下实施例来具体解释本发明，但实施例并不对本发明做任何限定。
本发明下述实施例所用茶皂素为市售产品，来源于山茶科的茶籽树种子、茎和叶，含量为60％。
实施例1：茶皂素对海月水母碟状幼体的杀灭活性测定
本发明所用的海月水母螅状幼体来源于中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所，通过升温诱导的方法获取海月水母碟状幼体。设置0mg/L、0.1mg/L、0.5mg/L、1mg/L、2mg/L、3mg/L、4mg/L、5mg/L、10mg/L、50mg/L共10个茶皂素浓度处理组，供试溶液用0.22um过滤海水配置而成。实验时将海月水母碟状幼体放入24孔深孔板，每处理加入8个海月水母碟状幼体，每个孔加入10ml供试茶皂素溶液。每处理设置3个重复，置16℃培养箱培养，24h和48h观察记录海月水母碟状幼体的死亡个数。采用概率单位法(Probit)计算茶皂素对海月水母碟状幼体的半数致死浓度。
结果表明，48h时，茶皂素浓度为2mg/L时，海月水母碟状幼体的死亡率为58％；茶皂素浓度为3mg/L以上时，海月水母碟状幼体的死亡率为100％(详见图1和图3)。48h茶皂素对海月水母碟状幼体的半数致死浓度为1.1mg/L。
实施例2：茶皂素对海月水母螅状幼体的杀灭活性测定
本发明所用的海月水母螅状幼体来源于中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所。设置0mg/L、0.1mg/L、0.5mg/L、1mg/L、2mg/L、3mg/L、4mg/L、5mg/L、10mg/L、50mg/L共10个茶皂素浓度处理组，供试溶液用0.22um过滤海水配置而成。实验时将海月水母螅状幼体放入24孔深孔板，每处理加入8个海月水母螅状幼体，每个孔加入10ml供试茶皂素溶液。每处理设置3个重复，置16℃培养箱培养，24h和48h观察记录海月水母螅状幼体的死亡个数。采用概率单位法(Probit)计算茶皂素对海月水母螅状幼体的半数致死浓度。
结果表明，48h时，茶皂素浓度为1mg/L时，海月水母螅状幼体的死亡率为96％；茶皂素浓度为2mg/L以上时，海月水母螅状幼体的死亡率为100％(详见图2和图3)。48h茶皂素对海月水母螅状幼体的半数致死浓度为0.4mg/L。

Claims (4)

1.一种茶皂素在防控海月水母中的应用。
2.按权利要求1所述的茶皂素在防控海月水母中的应用，其特征在于：所述茶皂素在制备防控海月水母抑制剂中的应用。
3.按权利要求1或2所述的茶皂素在防控海月水母中的应用，其特征在于：所述茶皂素添加量为0.4-10 mg/L。
4.按权利要求1或2所述的茶皂素在防控海月水母中的应用，其特征在于：所述防控为杀灭海月水母螅状幼体和/或碟状幼体。
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Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH04207161A (ja) * 1990-11-30 1992-07-29 Rohto Pharmaceut Co Ltd サポニン及びアミノ酸含有組成物
CN102047852A (zh) * 2009-11-10 2011-05-11 上海海洋大学 一种用盐度控制海月水母体型的技术

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH04207161A (ja) * 1990-11-30 1992-07-29 Rohto Pharmaceut Co Ltd サポニン及びアミノ酸含有組成物
CN102047852A (zh) * 2009-11-10 2011-05-11 上海海洋大学 一种用盐度控制海月水母体型的技术

Non-Patent Citations (3)

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茶皂素的提取纯化及其应用;茶皂素的提取纯化及其应用;《福建茶叶》;20040930(第3期);参见第29-31页 *
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