CN106719614A - 一种采用诱食和环境友好杀虫手段消减枸杞虫害的方法 - Google Patents
一种采用诱食和环境友好杀虫手段消减枸杞虫害的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种采用诱食和环境友好杀虫手段消减枸杞虫害的方法，包括以下步骤：1)在目标枸杞林种植幼龄枸杞植株，作为害虫诱集枸杞植株；2)在害虫诱集枸杞植株表面喷施由诱食物、环境友好杀虫物和乳化剂组成的诱杀胶，诱使枸杞害虫在害虫诱集枸杞植株上集结，通过诱杀胶消减目标枸杞虫害。本发明组合了诱集枸杞害虫、环境友好杀虫、乳化均相等技术手段，消减枸杞害虫效率高，对环境和枸杞植株及枸杞产品品质无影响，属于环境友好型技术，且方法简便、适用范围广。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于植物保护领域，具体涉及一种采用诱食和环境友好杀虫手段消减枸杞虫害的方法。
背景技术
枸杞是西北地区重要的经济作物和防风护沙环保植物，近年来大规模人工种植。枸杞虫害众多，而且由于西北地区生态多样性低，枸杞害虫天敌数量少，故当枸杞虫害发生时，往往绵延范围很广，造成严重损失。当前对枸杞虫害的防治手段主要是使用农药和修枝、清园等种植管理。种植管理是必要的而有效的，但仅能缓解害虫高发，而不能高效地防治害虫。农药的使用则造成在土壤和枸杞产品中的残留，且易产生耐药性而影响长期效果。也有采用仿生胶和生物肥皂防治枸杞害虫的报道。仿生胶是一种常温条件下为液态的水性粘虫胶，赋予植物“食虫性”，通过物理粘附作用防治害虫，可通过常规喷雾器喷雾施用。丙烯酸酯、聚氨酯、海洋贝类粘附蛋白、光聚合物胶粘酯等都是用于配制仿生胶的候选物质。
生物肥皂主要有脂肪酸钾和藻酸丙二醇酯(海藻提取物)，兼具亲水性与亲油性，可粘附于昆虫体表蜡质层和几丁质，堵塞气孔并破坏昆虫体壁，有物理杀虫效应。脂肪酸钾在一定剂量范围内还是作物的一种叶面钾肥与叶片保护剂。仿生胶法和生物肥皂法虽然具有环境友好的特点，但单独使用，效力仍显不足。针对枸杞虫害发生的3R(抗性resistance，再增猖獗resurgence，残留residue)问题，急需开发高效而环境友好的枸杞虫害防治方法。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种采用诱食和环境友好杀虫手段消减枸杞虫害的方法，该方法高效、简便、环境友好。
为达到以上目的，本发明采用以下技术方案：在目标枸杞林四周或中间种植一定量幼龄枸杞植株作为害虫诱集枸杞，并且在诱集枸杞植株表面定期喷施由诱食物、环境友好杀虫物和乳化剂组成的诱杀胶，诱使枸杞害虫在诱集枸杞植株上集结，通过诱杀胶中的环境友好杀虫物予以杀灭，从而消减目标枸杞虫害。
一种采用诱食和环境友好杀虫手段消减枸杞虫害的方法，包括以下步骤：
1)在目标枸杞林种植幼龄枸杞植株，作为害虫诱集枸杞植株；
2)在害虫诱集枸杞植株表面喷施诱杀胶，诱使枸杞害虫在害虫诱集枸杞植株上集结，通过诱杀胶消减目标枸杞虫害。
以下作为本发明的优选技术方案：
步骤1)中，采用幼龄枸杞植株作为害虫诱集枸杞植株，因其茎叶幼嫩，为枸杞害虫喜食，而作为枸杞害虫的诱集植物。
在目标枸杞林的周围或中间种植生长年限在2年以内的幼龄枸杞植株。
所述的害虫诱集枸杞植株与目标枸杞林的植株数之比为1：15～25，进一步为1：20。
步骤2)中，所述的诱杀胶，由以下质量百分比的组分构成：
进一步优选，所述的诱杀胶，由以下质量百分比的组分构成：
更进一步优选，所述的诱杀胶，由以下质量百分比的组分构成：
上述技术方案中，由诱食物、环境友好杀虫物和乳化剂组成的诱杀胶用以诱杀枸杞害虫，组成诱杀胶的各组分的作用是：蔗糖，对枸杞害虫发挥诱食作用；除虫菊花中的除虫菊素对枸杞害虫具有神经毒性，是农业害虫的广谱触杀剂；辛酸蔗糖酯使枸杞害虫皮膜脱落而失水干瘪死亡，并使诱杀胶保持乳化水性状态；软脂酸钾堵塞枸杞害虫气孔并破坏其体壁；糯米粉通过粘附枸杞害虫使其无法移动直至死亡；辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯是一种乳化剂，使诱杀胶保持乳化水性状态，同时对诱杀胶的粘性也有贡献。
所述的诱杀胶的制备方法包括：将除虫菊花干燥后粉碎，过孔径100μm～300μm筛，得到除虫菊干花粉，将糯米粉过孔径100μm～300μm筛，得到糯米粉，再与蔗糖、辛酸蔗糖酯、软脂酸钾、辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯和水混合均匀，得到诱杀胶。
进一步优选，将除虫菊花干燥后粉碎，过100目筛(孔径147μm)，得到除虫菊干花粉。
糯米经粉碎后得到糯米粉，再过100目筛(孔径147μm)，得到糯米粉。
所述的诱杀胶的制备方法包括：将除虫菊花干燥后粉碎，过100目筛(孔径147μm)，再配入诱杀胶。
所述的诱杀胶即配即用。
上述技术方案中，所述诱杀胶的制备方法，包括以下步骤：(1)将除虫菊干花和糯米粉碎后过100目筛(孔径147μm)，备用；(2)按照技术方案中诱杀胶的组成百分比，将蔗糖、除虫菊花、辛酸蔗糖酯、软脂酸钾、糯米粉、辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯和水混合，高速搅拌至均相，即成诱杀胶。
所述诱杀胶的用量为：10-20kg/亩，喷雾器喷雾成50-150μm雾滴，施用至害虫诱集枸杞植株的表面，即作为诱集枸杞的幼龄枸杞植株表面。每亩按照目标枸杞林的每亩数计算。
进一步优选，所述诱杀胶的用量为：15kg/亩，喷雾器喷雾成50-150μm雾滴，施用至害虫诱集枸杞植株的表面，即作为诱集枸杞的幼龄枸杞植株表面。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下优点：
本发明实现了诱食诱集害虫和多种环境友好杀虫手段的综合使用，优势在于：(1)利用诱集策略使害虫集中于诱集植株而远离目标植株，诱食物蔗糖安全无害；(2)除虫菊花、辛酸蔗糖酯、软脂酸钾、糯米粉杀灭害虫机制各异，互相补充协同而显著增加杀虫效力，且不会使害虫产生耐药性；(3)辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯和辛酸蔗糖酯的乳化作用使诱杀胶保持乳化水性状态，施用简便；(4)诱杀胶所有组分均对人体无害，整个技术方案环境友好、简便、高效。
附图说明
图1为本发明中作为诱集枸杞的幼龄枸杞植株种植在枸杞林中的示意图。
具体实施方式
以下通过实施例对本发明作进一步说明，但是不对本发明保护范围构成如何限制。
实施例1
1)将作为诱集枸杞的幼龄枸杞植株种植在目标枸杞林周围，种植密度为诱集枸杞株数：目标枸杞株数＝1：20。种植方式如图1所示，具体行列可以根据实际情况适当调整。
2)配制诱杀胶，以10kg计，将除虫菊干花和糯米粉碎后过100目筛(孔径147μm)，备用，组分为：蔗糖100g，除虫菊干花粉60g，辛酸蔗糖酯100g，软脂酸钾100g，糯米粉400g，辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯60g，余量为水，高速搅拌至均相，即成诱杀胶。
3)枸杞蚜虫、木虱等害虫喜食幼嫩茎叶，通过对诱集枸杞修枝使其经常抽发新枝。选择无风的傍晚时分，用喷雾器将诱杀胶喷雾成50-150μm雾滴，按照目标枸杞林每亩10kg用量施用至诱集枸杞植株表面，以诱杀前来取食的枸杞害虫。
对照1：1.5％除虫菊素兑水后，用喷雾器喷雾成50-150μm雾滴，按照每亩10kg1.5％除虫菊素用量，施用至目标枸杞植株表面。
对照2：不施用任何药物，仅喷雾器施用同等水量。
4)诱杀胶及对照施用7日后，在各自区域各随机调查枸杞60株，每株按照东南西北4个方位各取1个枝条，调查每个枝条上的蚜虫和木虱数量，用统计软件进行显著性差异分析，结果见表1。
表1试验结果
| 试验处理 | 枸杞蚜虫(只/枝) | 枸杞木虱(只/枝) |
| 诱杀胶 | 1.44±0.92 | 1.03±0.39 |
| 对照1 | 3.55±1.28 | 1.60±0.67 |
| 对照2 | 12.82±6.73 | 8.77±4.25 |
| 差异性 | 各组间差异显著 | 各组间差异显著 |
结果显示，诱杀胶对枸杞害虫具有明显杀灭作用，且杀灭效果显著优于生物农药除虫菊素。
实施例2
1)将作为诱集枸杞的幼龄枸杞植株种植在目标枸杞林周围，种植密度为诱集枸杞株数：目标枸杞株数＝1：20。种植方式如图1所示。
2)配制诱杀胶，以10kg计，组分为：蔗糖200g，除虫菊干花粉100g，辛酸蔗糖酯200g，软脂酸钾200g，糯米粉600g，辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯100g，余量为水，高速搅拌至均相，即成诱杀胶。
3)枸杞蚜虫、木虱等害虫喜食幼嫩茎叶，通过对诱集枸杞修枝使其经常抽发新枝。选择无风的傍晚时分，用喷雾器将诱杀胶喷雾成50-150μm雾滴，按照每亩20kg用量施用至诱集枸杞植株表面，以诱杀前来取食的枸杞害虫。
对照1：1.5％除虫菊素兑水后，用喷雾器喷雾成50-150μm雾滴，按照每亩10kg1.5％除虫菊素用量，施用至目标枸杞植株表面。
对照2：不施用任何药物，仅喷雾器施用同等水量。
4)诱杀胶及对照施用7日后，在各自区域各随机调查枸杞60株，每株按照东南西北4个方位各取1个枝条，调查每个枝条上的蚜虫和木虱数量，用统计软件进行显著性差异分析，结果见表2。
表2试验结果
| 试验处理 | 枸杞蚜虫(只/枝) | 枸杞木虱(只/枝) |
| 诱杀胶 | 1.05±0.38 | 0.83±0.28 |
| 对照1 | 4.06±1.90 | 1.55±0.74 |
| 对照2 | 14.33±7.35 | 9.23±3.92 |
| 差异性 | 各组间差异显著 | 各组间差异显著 |
结果显示，诱杀胶对枸杞害虫具有明显杀灭作用，且杀灭效果显著优于生物农药除虫菊素。
实施例3
1)将作为诱集枸杞的幼龄枸杞植株种植在枸杞林四周或中间，种植密度为诱集枸杞株数：目标枸杞株数＝1：20。种植方式如附图所示。
2)配制诱杀胶，以10kg计，组分为：蔗糖150g，除虫菊干花粉80g，辛酸蔗糖酯150g，软脂酸钾150g，糯米粉500g，辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯80g，余量为水，高速搅拌至均相，即成诱杀胶。
3)枸杞蚜虫、木虱等害虫喜食幼嫩茎叶，通过对诱集枸杞修枝使其经常抽发新枝。选择无风的傍晚时分，用喷雾器将诱杀胶喷雾成50-150μm雾滴，按照每亩15kg用量施用至诱集枸杞植株表面，以诱杀前来取食的枸杞害虫。
对照1：1.5％除虫菊素兑水后，用喷雾器喷雾成50-150μm雾滴，按照每亩10kg1.5％除虫菊素用量，施用至目标枸杞植株表面。
对照2：不施用任何药物，仅喷雾器施用同等水量。
4)诱杀胶及对照施用7日后，在各自区域各随机调查枸杞60株，每株按照东南西北4个方位各取1个枝条，调查每个枝条上的蚜虫和木虱数量，用统计软件进行显著性差异分析，结果见表3。
表3试验结果
| 试验处理 | 枸杞蚜虫(只/枝) | 枸杞木虱(只/枝) |
| 诱杀胶 | 0.95±0.35 | 0.77±0.30 |
| 对照1 | 3.87±1.85 | 1.60±0.81 |
| 对照2 | 13.63±5.37 | 8.86±4.15 |
| 差异性 | 各组间差异显著 | 各组间差异显著 |
结果显示，诱杀胶对枸杞害虫具有明显杀灭作用，且杀灭效果显著优于生物农药除虫菊素。
Claims (8)
1.一种采用诱食和环境友好杀虫手段消减枸杞虫害的方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
1)在目标枸杞林种植幼龄枸杞植株，作为害虫诱集枸杞植株；
2)在害虫诱集枸杞植株表面喷施诱杀胶，诱使枸杞害虫在害虫诱集枸杞植株上集结，通过诱杀胶消减目标枸杞虫害。
2.根据权利要求1所述的采用诱食和环境友好杀虫手段消减枸杞虫害的方法，其特征在于，步骤1)中，在目标枸杞林的周围或中间种植幼龄枸杞植株。
3.根据权利要求1所述的采用诱食和环境友好杀虫手段消减枸杞虫害的方法，其特征在于，步骤1)中，所述的害虫诱集枸杞植株与目标枸杞林的植株数之比为1：15～25。
4.根据权利要求1所述的采用诱食和环境友好杀虫手段消减枸杞虫害的方法，其特征在于，步骤2)中，所述的诱杀胶，由以下质量百分比的组分构成：
5.根据权利要求4所述的采用诱食和环境友好杀虫手段消减枸杞虫害的方法，其特征在于，步骤2)中，所述的诱杀胶，由以下质量百分比的组分构成：
6.根据权利要求1所述的采用诱食和环境友好杀虫手段消减枸杞虫害的方法，其特征在于，步骤2)中，所述的诱杀胶的制备方法包括：将除虫菊花干燥后粉碎，过孔径100μm～300μm筛，得到除虫菊干花粉，将糯米粉过孔径100μm～300μm筛，得到糯米粉，再与蔗糖、辛酸蔗糖酯、软脂酸钾、辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯和水混合均匀，得到诱杀胶。
7.根据权利要求1所述的采用诱食和环境友好杀虫手段消减枸杞虫害的方法，其特征在于，步骤2)中，所述的诱杀胶即配即用。
8.根据权利要求1所述的采用诱食和环境友好杀虫手段消减枸杞虫害的方法，其特征在于，步骤2)中，所述诱杀胶的用量为：10-20kg/亩，喷雾器喷雾成50-150μm雾滴，施用至害虫诱集枸杞植株的表面。
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