Breeding method for preventing stress of cattle in long-distance transportation
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of livestock breeding, in particular to a breeding method for preventing stress of cattle in long-distance transportation.
Background
Stress refers to the sum of nonspecific responses of animals to various external or internal extraordinary stimuli. With the continuous rising of the beef price, the beef breeding industry develops rapidly, the improved beef cattle fattened in different places through long-distance transportation becomes an indispensable industrial chain in the beef breeding link, therefore, the transportation stress becomes one of the main stresses of the beef cattle from production, and the beef cattle transportation stress refers to the comprehensive symptom group of pathological reactions of respiratory tract, digestive tract and even the whole body caused by the decline of the body resistance caused by various stressors caused by long-distance transportation of the beef cattle, so that various pathogens enter in the short time.
At present, most farmers in China are lack of necessary anti-stress treatment before transportation and timely recovery treatment measures after transportation, so that endocrine dysfunction, in-vivo acid-base imbalance, metabolite obstacle, high fever, cough and the like easily occur to cattle bodies, infectious diseases are induced, and death can be caused in serious cases.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a breeding method for preventing stress of cattle in long-distance transportation.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme.
A breeding method for preventing stress of cattle in long-distance transportation comprises the following steps of breeding in the first half month of long-distance transportation:
1) the feed formula comprises: according to the following raw materials, the Chinese medicinal extract (10-20): 1, putting in the mixture according to the mass ratio; the daily grain amount is reduced to 80-85% of the original daily grain amount;
2) body-building management: massaging with a soft brush every day, and playing music at the same time for 4-5 h/day;
3) the feeding shed or the transport case is provided with: the raising shed or the transport case are internally provided with biological mattress beds which are formed according to the sequence of a straw layer, a microorganism powder layer and a straw layer;
4) grazing management: the daily grazing time is 2-3 h.
Further, the traditional Chinese medicine extract is prepared from the following raw material components: 1-5 parts of patchouli, 1-5 parts of mangnolia officinalis, 1-5 parts of prepared pinellia ternate, 1-5 parts of menthol, 7-12 parts of liquorice, 7-12 parts of dried orange peel, 7-12 parts of white paeony root and 7-12 parts of fructus amomi.
Further, the traditional Chinese medicine extract is prepared from the following raw material components: 3 parts of patchouli, 3 parts of mangnolia officinalis, 3 parts of processed pinellia ternate, 3 parts of menthol, 10 parts of liquorice, 10 parts of dried orange peel, 10 parts of white paeony root and 10 parts of fructus amomi.
Further, the Chinese medicinal extract is prepared by extracting the above Chinese medicinal raw materials with ethanol for three times, filtering, mixing extractive solutions, distilling to remove ethanol, and freeze drying.
Further, the volume concentration of the ethanol is 70-80%.
Further, the extraction with ethanol is carried out three times:
the first extraction conditions are as follows: the feed liquid mass ratio of the traditional Chinese medicine raw materials to the ethanol is 1: (1-1.5), the extraction temperature is 20-25 ℃, and the extraction time is 3 h;
and (3) second extraction conditions: the feed liquid mass ratio of the traditional Chinese medicine raw materials to the ethanol is 1: (1.8-2), the extraction temperature is 30-37 ℃, and the extraction time is 1-2 h;
and (3) third extraction conditions: the feed liquid mass ratio of the traditional Chinese medicine raw materials to the ethanol is 1: (2-3), the extraction temperature is 70-80 ℃, and the extraction time is 0.8-1 h.
Further, the temperature change of the second extraction and the third extraction is increased by adopting a microwave technology.
Further, the heating rate is 3-5 ℃/min.
Further, the extraction is constant temperature extraction.
Further, the microbial powder layer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10-15 parts of chromium yeast, 50-70 parts of chicken manure, 5-10 parts of cysteamine, 7-15 parts of wormcast, 17-23 parts of lactobacillus rhamnosus and 3-6 parts of phosphate ore.
Further, the manufacturing method of the microbial powder layer comprises the following steps: grinding phosphate rock powder, mixing with yeast chromium and cysteamine, microwave treating for 10-15s, immediately mixing with chicken manure, wormcast and lactobacillus rhamnosus, and fermenting at 28-32 deg.C for 15 days.
Further, the mixing is carried out for 10-20min under the condition that the stirring speed is 300 r/min.
Further, the microwave power of the microwave treatment is 500-1000W.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, the biological mattress beds are arranged on the feeding shed or the transport case, so that the cattle can adapt to the environment well, the discomfort caused by environment difference is relieved, the microbial environment of intestines and stomach of animals can be improved by free ingestion, the intestinal microorganisms are balanced, and the intestinal mucosa is thinned; the massage and music effects are combined, so that the digestion and absorption are promoted, and the mood is improved; in addition, the microbial powder layer can degrade and digest excrement, so that the cleanliness of the living environment of the cattle is guaranteed, particularly the sanitary condition in the transportation process is guaranteed, and further, diseases are effectively prevented and appetite is guaranteed; because the cattle may eat less during transportation, the adverse effect of overeating on the growth of the cattle, such as hiccup eating, dysentery and the like, is relieved by reducing the food intake before transportation; the invention also combines the effect of the traditional Chinese medicine extract, utilizes the interaction of the effective components in the patchouli, the magnolia officinalis, the prepared pinellia ternate, the menthol, the liquorice, the dried orange peel, the white paeony root and the fructus amomi to improve the tolerance of the transportation stressor, regulate qi and blood and enhance the immunity, and simultaneously has the effect of regulating the qi of the stomach and the intestine so as to ensure the absorption and digestion functions of the cattle.
According to the invention, through the compatibility and combination of Chinese herbal medicines, microorganisms, organic matters and mineral substances, the immunity function of an organism can be comprehensively enhanced under the anti-stress condition, and the anti-stress effect of the organism is improved; the biological mattress bed can be used for automatically supplementing nutrients required by growth of the cattle, and particularly, in the transportation process, the nutrients are supplemented through the biological mattress bed, so that the loss of nutrient components caused by dehydration in the transportation process can be effectively solved.
The traditional Chinese medicine extract is reasonably compatible and extracted, so that the effective components interact to achieve the purpose of synergy, meanwhile, the traditional Chinese medicine extract is safe and has no toxic or side effect, the extraction rate of the effective components of the medicine is improved by reasonably setting the extraction process and controlling the extraction parameters, and the waste is avoided; through carrying out reasonable setting to the biological mattress bed, and cooperation microorganism powder layer for the biological mattress bed function is diversified, improves its nutritive value, has guaranteed the supply of nutrients such as mineral substance, vitamin, protein.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described below, but the scope of the claimed invention is not limited to the described.
Example 1
A breeding method for preventing stress of cattle in long-distance transportation comprises the following steps of breeding in the first half month of long-distance transportation:
1) the feed formula comprises: according to the following raw materials, the traditional Chinese medicine extract is 15: 1, putting in the mixture according to the mass ratio; the daily grain amount is reduced to 83 percent of the original daily grain amount;
2) body-building management: massaging with a soft brush every day, and playing music at the same time for 4.5 h/day;
3) the feeding shed or the transport case is provided with: the raising shed or the transport case are internally provided with biological mattress beds which are formed according to the sequence of a straw layer, a microorganism powder layer and a straw layer;
4) grazing management: the daily grazing time is 2.5 h.
The traditional Chinese medicine extract is prepared from the following raw material components: 3kg of patchouli, 3kg of mangnolia officinalis, 3kg of processed pinellia ternate, 3kg of menthol, 10kg of liquorice, 10kg of dried orange peel, 10kg of white paeony root and 10kg of fructus amomi;
the traditional Chinese medicine extract is prepared by extracting the traditional Chinese medicine raw materials with 75% ethanol at constant temperature for three times, filtering, mixing the extracting solutions, distilling to remove ethanol, and freeze-drying; wherein, the first extraction condition is as follows: the feed liquid mass ratio of the traditional Chinese medicine raw materials to the ethanol is 1: 1, the extraction temperature is 25 ℃, and the extraction time is 3 hours; and (3) second extraction conditions: the feed liquid mass ratio of the traditional Chinese medicine raw materials to the ethanol is 1: 2, the extraction temperature is 35 ℃, and the extraction time is 1.5 h; and (3) third extraction conditions: the feed liquid mass ratio of the traditional Chinese medicine raw materials to the ethanol is 1: 2.5, the extraction temperature is 75 ℃, and the extraction time is 1 h; the temperature change of the second extraction and the third extraction adopts microwave technology to heat up, and the heating rate is 4 ℃/min;
the proportion of the microbial powder layer is as follows: 12kg of yeast chromium, 60kg of chicken manure, 8kg of cysteamine, 11kg of wormcast, 20kg of lactobacillus rhamnosus and 5kg of phosphate rock;
the preparation method of the microbial powder layer comprises the following steps: grinding phosphate rock powder, stirring with yeast chromium and cysteamine at stirring rate of 300r/min for 15min, treating at microwave power of 750W for 10s, immediately mixing with chicken manure, wormcast and lactobacillus rhamnosus, and fermenting at 30 deg.C for 15 days.
Example 2
A breeding method for preventing stress of cattle in long-distance transportation comprises the following steps of breeding in the first half month of long-distance transportation:
1) the feed formula comprises: according to the following raw materials, the traditional Chinese medicine extract is 10: 1, putting in the mixture according to the mass ratio; the daily grain amount is reduced to 80 percent of the original daily grain amount;
2) body-building management: massaging with a soft brush every day, and playing music at the same time for 4 h/day;
3) the feeding shed or the transport case is provided with: the raising shed or the transport case are internally provided with biological mattress beds which are formed according to the sequence of a straw layer, a microorganism powder layer and a straw layer;
4) grazing management: the daily grazing time is 2 h.
The traditional Chinese medicine extract is prepared from the following raw material components: 1kg of patchouli, 1kg of mangnolia officinalis, 1kg of processed pinellia ternate, 1kg of menthol, 7kg of liquorice, 7kg of dried orange peel, 7kg of white paeony root and 7-12kg of fructus amomi;
the traditional Chinese medicine extract is prepared by extracting the traditional Chinese medicine raw materials with 70% ethanol at constant temperature for three times, filtering, mixing the extracting solutions, distilling to remove ethanol, and freeze-drying; wherein, the first extraction condition is as follows: the feed liquid mass ratio of the traditional Chinese medicine raw materials to the ethanol is 1: 1, the extraction temperature is 20 ℃, and the extraction time is 3 hours; and (3) second extraction conditions: the feed liquid mass ratio of the traditional Chinese medicine raw materials to the ethanol is 1: 1.8, the extraction temperature is 30 ℃, and the extraction time is 1 h; and (3) third extraction conditions: the feed liquid mass ratio of the traditional Chinese medicine raw materials to the ethanol is 1: 2, the extraction temperature is 70 ℃, and the extraction time is 0.8 h; the temperature change of the second extraction and the third extraction adopts microwave technology to heat up, and the heating rate is 3 ℃/min;
the proportion of the microbial powder layer is as follows: 10kg of yeast chromium, 50kg of chicken manure, 5kg of cysteamine, 7kg of wormcast, 17kg of lactobacillus rhamnosus and 3kg of phosphate ore;
the preparation method of the microbial powder layer comprises the following steps: grinding phosphate rock powder, stirring with yeast chromium and cysteamine at stirring rate of 300r/min for 10min, treating at microwave power of 500W for 10s, immediately mixing with chicken manure, wormcast and lactobacillus rhamnosus, and fermenting at 28 deg.C for 15 days.
Example 3
A breeding method for preventing stress of cattle in long-distance transportation comprises the following steps of breeding in the first half month of long-distance transportation:
1) the feed formula comprises: according to the following raw materials, the traditional Chinese medicine extract is 20: 1, putting in the mixture according to the mass ratio; the daily grain amount is reduced to 85 percent of the original daily grain amount;
2) body-building management: massaging with a soft brush every day, and playing music at the same time for 5 h/day;
3) the feeding shed or the transport case is provided with: the raising shed or the transport case are internally provided with biological mattress beds which are formed according to the sequence of a straw layer, a microorganism powder layer and a straw layer;
4) grazing management: the daily grazing time is 3 h.
The traditional Chinese medicine extract is prepared from the following raw material components: 5kg of patchouli, 5kg of mangnolia officinalis, 5kg of processed pinellia ternate, 5kg of menthol, 12kg of liquorice, 12kg of dried orange peel, 12kg of white paeony root and 12kg of fructus amomi;
extracting the above Chinese medicinal materials with 70-80 vol% ethanol at constant temperature for three times, filtering, mixing extractive solutions, distilling to remove ethanol, and freeze drying; wherein, the first extraction condition is as follows: the feed liquid mass ratio of the traditional Chinese medicine raw materials to the ethanol is 1: 1.5, the extraction temperature is 25 ℃, and the extraction time is 3 hours; and (3) second extraction conditions: the feed liquid mass ratio of the traditional Chinese medicine raw materials to the ethanol is 1: 2, the extraction temperature is 37 ℃, and the extraction time is 2 hours; and (3) third extraction conditions: the feed liquid mass ratio of the traditional Chinese medicine raw materials to the ethanol is 1: 3, the extraction temperature is 80 ℃, and the extraction time is 1 h; the temperature change of the second extraction and the third extraction adopts microwave technology to heat up, and the heating rate is 5 ℃/min;
the proportion of the microbial powder layer is as follows: 15kg of yeast chromium, 70kg of chicken manure, 10kg of cysteamine, 15kg of wormcast, 23kg of lactobacillus rhamnosus and 6kg of phosphate ore;
the preparation method of the microbial powder layer comprises the following steps: grinding phosphate rock powder, stirring with yeast chromium and cysteamine at stirring rate of 300r/min for 20min, processing at microwave power of 1000W for 15s, immediately mixing with chicken manure, wormcast and lactobacillus rhamnosus, and fermenting at 32 deg.C for 15 days.
Example 4
A breeding method for preventing stress of cattle in long-distance transportation is based on example 1, and only the following differences exist:
the traditional Chinese medicine extract is prepared from the following raw material components: 2kg of patchouli, 2kg of mangnolia officinalis, 2kg of processed pinellia ternate, 2kg of menthol, 11kg of liquorice, 11kg of dried orange peel, 11kg of white paeony root and 11kg of fructus amomi;
the proportion of the microbial powder layer is as follows: 12kg of yeast chromium, 55kg of chicken manure, 7kg of cysteamine, 8kg of wormcast, 18kg of lactobacillus rhamnosus and 5kg of phosphate rock.
Example 5
A breeding method for preventing stress of cattle in long-distance transportation is based on example 1, and only the following differences exist:
the traditional Chinese medicine extract is prepared from the following raw material components: 4kg of patchouli, 4kg of mangnolia officinalis, 4kg of processed pinellia ternate, 4kg of menthol, 8kg of liquorice, 8kg of dried orange peel, 8kg of white paeony root and 8kg of fructus amomi;
the proportion of the microbial powder layer is as follows: 13kg of yeast chromium, 70kg of chicken manure, 8kg of cysteamine, 9kg of wormcast, 18kg of lactobacillus rhamnosus and 5kg of phosphate rock.
Example 6
A breeding method for preventing stress of cattle in long-distance transportation is based on example 1, and only the following differences exist:
the traditional Chinese medicine extract is prepared from the following raw material components: 0.9kg of patchouli, 0.9kg of officinal magnolia bark, 0.9kg of prepared pinellia tuber, 0.9kg of menthol, 6.5kg of liquorice, 6.5kg of tangerine peel, 6.5kg of white paeony root and 6.5kg of villous amomum fruit.
Example 7
A breeding method for preventing stress of cattle in long-distance transportation is based on example 2, and only the following differences exist:
the traditional Chinese medicine extract is prepared from the following raw material components: 5.1kg of patchouli, 5.1kg of mangnolia officinalis, 5.1kg of prepared pinellia ternate, 5.1kg of menthol, 12.5kg of liquorice, 12.5kg of dried orange peel, 12.5kg of white paeony root and 12.5kg of fructus amomi.
Example 8
A breeding method for preventing stress of cattle in long-distance transportation is based on example 2, and only the following differences exist:
the proportion of the microbial powder layer is as follows: 9.8kg of yeast chromium, 49kg of chicken manure, 4.9kg of cysteamine, 6.5kg of wormcast, 16.5kg of lactobacillus rhamnosus and 2.7kg of phosphate rock.
Example 9
A breeding method for preventing stress of cattle in long-distance transportation is based on example 2, and only the following differences exist:
the proportion of the microbial powder layer is as follows: 15.3kg of yeast chromium, 72kg of chicken manure, 10.5kg of cysteamine, 15.3kg of wormcast, 23.5kg of lactobacillus rhamnosus and 7kg of phosphate rock.
Test example 1
Selecting 160 healthy beef cattle, dividing into 8 groups, namely a control group and an experimental group, feeding the control group by using a traditional method, feeding the experimental group by using the method provided by examples 1-7, and observing the conditions before, during and after transportation after long-distance transportation of the control group and the experimental group, wherein the results are shown in table 1:
table 1: