CN106717252A - The cultural method of plastic tent cucumber - Google Patents
The cultural method of plastic tent cucumber Download PDFInfo
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- CN106717252A CN106717252A CN201611041373.9A CN201611041373A CN106717252A CN 106717252 A CN106717252 A CN 106717252A CN 201611041373 A CN201611041373 A CN 201611041373A CN 106717252 A CN106717252 A CN 106717252A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/04—Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth
- A01G7/045—Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth with electric lighting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/22—Shades or blinds for greenhouses, or the like
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/24—Devices or systems for heating, ventilating, regulating temperature, illuminating, or watering, in greenhouses, forcing-frames, or the like
- A01G9/247—Watering arrangements
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N27/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing hydrocarbons
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01N57/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds
- A01N57/18—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds having phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
- A01N57/20—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds having phosphorus-to-carbon bonds containing acyclic or cycloaliphatic radicals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01N61/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing substances of unknown or undetermined composition, e.g. substances characterised only by the mode of action
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of cultural method of plastic tent cucumber, including：S1, selection cucumber seeds nursery obtain cucumber seedling；S2, selection melon ground, build greenhouse, and site preparation makees ridge, and greenhouse includes：Frame, canopy lid, water and fertilizer irrigation device；S3, field planting；Nutrient solution is applied to cucumber seedling by water and fertilizer irrigation device during being colonized, the different growth periods applied amount according to cucumber is different；The preparation method of wherein nutrient solution is：By honeysuckle, achyranthes aspera, kuh-seng, phoenix tree leaf, thunder godvine, cordate houttuynia, Lindley Butterflybush Herb grind, extracted with ethanol that volume fraction is 70%~80%, 60%~70% successively, merge extract solution, obtain to the first extract solution；Obtained final product to chlorobromide isocyanuric acid, Bravo, honey, mandipropamid, urea, plant ash, water, calcium superphosphate mixing and stirring is added in the first extract solution.Cultural method of the invention, the cucumber of production has good disease resistance and quality, and yield is high.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of plant growing technology.It is more particularly related to a kind of cultivation side of plastic tent cucumber
Method.
Background technology
Cucumber is one of summer main vegetables all over China, and the crisp meat of cucumber rind is thick, and moisture content is more, and mouthfeel is crisp and refreshing fresh and sweet,
Melon is aromatic strongly fragrant, can direct fresh food, be well received by consumers always.Cucumber is sweet, sweet, cool in nature, bitter, nontoxic, enters spleen, stomach
And large intestine, with except heat, sharp water diuresis, clearing heat and detoxicating effect.Stem rattan is medicinal, can anti-inflammatory, eliminating the phlegm, antispastic.
Cucumber likes warm weather, by building greenhouse, cucumber can be also planted in cold season, but greenhouse completely cuts off
Rainwater, and cucumber water requirement is big, it is necessary to the sufficient moisture of supply.The cucumber wet and intolerant to waterlogging of happiness, during existing green cucumber,
Cucumber seeds are lacked with effectively treatment, field management is improper during plantation, cause melon seedling water shortage or nutritional ingredient even pest and disease damage, shadow
Ring the yield and quality of cucumber.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to solve the above problems, and provide the advantage that at least will be described later.
It is a still further object of the present invention to provide a kind of cultural method of plastic tent cucumber, its liquid manure applying side for passing through science
Method can rationally control the sowing amount of moisture and fertilizer, not only improve the growth of cucumber, and being avoided that to waste water again can have with fertilizer
Effect improves the yield and quality of cucumber, and the cucumber of production has good disease resistance and quality.
In order to realize these purposes of the invention and further advantage, there is provided a kind of cultural method of plastic tent cucumber,
Including：
S1, the cucumber seeds of selection full grains soak 1~2h in the water that temperature is 40~60 DEG C, drain, and vernalization is obtained
Seed after to treatment；Seed after treatment is placed in 25~35d of nursery on seedling bed and obtains cucumber seedling；
S2, choose 3 years in do not planted melon sandy loam plot as melon ground, build greenhouse, site preparation makees ridge in greenhouse,
And it is 1~1.5m to apply the distance between the organic fertilizer for having become thoroughly decomposed, covering film on ridge, adjacent two ridge, is opened every 1~2m on ridge
If plantation hole；
The greenhouse includes：Frame, it includes multigroup vertical rack being oppositely arranged along ridge length direction and positioned at two
Crossbeam skeleton between the individual vertical rack being oppositely arranged, the two ends of the crossbeam skeleton respectively with the top of the vertical rack
It is connected；Canopy lid, it includes insect prevention stratum reticulare, sunshade stratum reticulare, heat-insulation layer successively from the inside to the outside, and the canopy lid is bedded in the frame
On；Water and fertilizer irrigation device；Red blue light illumination apparatus, it is arranged on the crossbeam skeleton；
Wherein, the water and fertilizer irrigation device includes：Second spray line, it is located between two ridges and is set along ridge length direction
Put, second spray line is provided with multigroup second spray hole near the side of plantation hole, and every group of second spray hole is along the second spray
Spill the setting of length of tube direction；Multiple first spray lines, each first spray line is vertically arranged and along the second spray line length direction
Arrange successively, each first sprinkling bottom of the tube is connected with the second spray line, and the outer surface of each the first spray line is opened
It is provided with multiple first spray holes；First feed pipe, is connected at the top of itself and each first spray line；Feed control cabinet, its
It is arranged at outside canopy lid, and is connected with first feed pipe by the second feed pipe；
S3, to being added water in feed control cabinet, watered by the first spray line and the second spray line, watering makes the aqueous of soil
Rate is 50~70%, then by cucumber kind transplantation of seedlings to plantation hole, is colonized；It is 22 that day temperature in greenhouse is kept during field planting
~28 DEG C, nocturnal temperature be 18~22 DEG C, relative air humidity remains 70~80%；To adding nutrient solution in feed control cabinet
And nutrient solution is applied to cucumber seedling by the first spray line and the second spray line, specific method is：From be colonized to blooming, every 3
To nutrient solution is added in feed control cabinet, each applied amount is 8~12kg/ mus to~5d；From blooming to the result maturity period, every 6~
To nutrient solution is added in feed control cabinet, each applied amount is 15~20kg/ mus to 8d；Before from result maturity period to picking fruit,
To nutrient solution is added in feed control cabinet, each applied amount is 5~10kg/ mus to every 8~12d；Wherein, in S3 nutrient solution preparation
Method is：By honeysuckle, 5~10 parts of achyranthes aspera, 1~2 part of kuh-seng, 1~5 part of Chinese parasol tree that weight portion is 10~20 parts
Leaf, 1~2 part of thunder godvine, 8~10 parts of cordate houttuynia, 5~10 parts of Lindley Butterflybush Herb grind, successively with weight portion be 20~
30 parts of volume fraction be 70~80%, 60~70% ethanol water in temperature be 60~90 DEG C extraction 12~24h, merge
Extract solution, obtains the first extract solution twice；To addition chlorobromide isocyanuric acid, Bravo, honey, mandipropamid in the first extract solution
Amine, urea, plant ash, water, calcium superphosphate mixing and stirring are obtained final product；Wherein, the first extract solution, chlorobromide isocyanuric acid, hundred bacterium
Clearly, honey, mandipropamid, urea, plant ash, water, the mass ratio of calcium superphosphate are 1:0.1~0.5:1~2:1~5:0.1
~0.5:10~20:10~15:30~50:10~15.
Preferably, the cultural method of the plastic tent cucumber, vernalization includes cucumber seeds first are placed in into mass fraction in S1
To soak 1~2h in 2~5% peracetic acid soln, clean, it is 30~40 DEG C to be then placed in again in seed soaking agent in temperature, leaching
6~12h of bubble；The preparation method of the seed soaking agent includes：By the root of bidentate achyranthes, 5~10 parts of Xuancheng's pawpaw, 2 that weight portion is 10~20 parts
~5 parts of Buddha's hand, 1~2 part of bark of official magnolia co-grinding, with the ethanol that the volume fraction that weight portion is 30~60 parts is 50~70%
The aqueous solution is 60~90 DEG C of 12~24h of extraction in temperature, collects extract solution；By extract solution, ethephon (CEPHA),2-(chloroethyl) phosphonic acid, fulvic acid, vitamin, red
Mycin, water, mixing obtain final product seed soaking agent；Wherein, the mass ratio of the extract solution, ethephon (CEPHA),2-(chloroethyl) phosphonic acid, fulvic acid, vitamin, gibberellin, water
It is 1:0.1~0.2:0.5~1:0.01~0.05:0.01~0.05:10~20.
Preferably, the cultural method of the plastic tent cucumber, preceding 20d after being colonized in S3, daily 16 points~19 points unlatchings are red
Blue light illumination apparatus illumination, intensity of illumination is 5000~10000lux；Wherein, red light wavelength is 650~680nm, blue light wavelength
It is 450~460nm.
Preferably, the cultural method of the plastic tent cucumber, also includes preceding 5d after field planting in S3,9 points~12 points are used sunshade
Stratum reticulare shelters from heat or light, and 12 points~14 points are sheltered from heat or light with sunshade net after 5d, is sheltered from heat or light with sunshade net to during 20d 14~16 points to field planting after 10d.
Preferably, the cultural method of the plastic tent cucumber, the connection of each first spray line and the second spray line in S2
Place is provided with autocontrol valve, the opening or closure of the controllable autocontrol valve of the feed control cabinet.
Preferably, the cultural method of the plastic tent cucumber, also includes that enabling water and fertilizer irrigation device waters, from field planting in S3
Watered once within every 5~8d days to Post flowering, and open autocontrol valve；One is watered from blooming to result maturity period every 3~5d
It is secondary and open autocontrol valve；As a result the maturity period watered once to every 6~10d is plucked, simultaneously close off autocontrol valve.
Preferably, the cultural method of the plastic tent cucumber, opens automatic from be colonized to blooming in S3 during applying nutrient solution
Control valve；Autocontrol valve is opened when blooming and applying nutrient solution to the result maturity period；Adopted from result maturity period to fruit
Autocontrol valve is closed before plucking.
The present invention at least includes following beneficial effect：
1st, the present invention has interception, the temperature that can be kept in greenhouse, humidity by setting the greenhouse lid of three-decker
Stabilization is conducive to the growth of cucumber, while also being acted on insect prevention；Red blue light illumination apparatus are set in greenhouse, and in Huang
Preceding 20d is opened after melon field planting, it is ensured that is obtained the illumination of abundance in field planting early stage melon seedling, especially at night, is conducive to cucumber
Growth.
2nd, vernalization is carried out using seed soaking agent to cucumber seedling before field planting, wherein seed soaking agent can not only promote dividing for melon seedling
Split and promote simultaneously melon seedling growth, while the bacterium worm's ovum in can killing on skin, is conducive to the growth of later stage melon seedling；In cucumber kind
Different amounts of nutrient solution is applied according to the different growth cycle of cucumber during seedling field planting, both ensure that the normal growth of cucumber needs
Ask, it is to avoid cucumber because it is excessive or it is very few absorption nutriment and caused by cucumber quality it is bad；Honeysuckle, clay ox wherein in nutrient solution
Knee, kuh-seng, phoenix tree leaf, thunder godvine, cordate houttuynia, the extract of Lindley Butterflybush Herb are not only that the growth of cucumber provides nutriment, while
Also there is sterilization and disinsection to reduce disease to occur；Chlorobromide isocyanuric acid, Bravo, mandipropamid have the work for killing harmful disease pest
With；Urea, plant ash, water, calcium superphosphate, honey can provide the necessary element such as N P and K for the growth of cucumber, promote cucumber
Growth；Various composition synergy in above nutrient solution, nutrient has pesticide-germicide concurrently, substantially increases cucumber while complementary
Quality and yield, can reduce the pollution to environment compared with traditional agricultural chemicals, more environmentally friendly.
3rd, liquid manure also is applied to cucumber using water and fertilizer irrigation device during field planting, it includes being set along ridge length direction
The second spray line, this setup can near Cucumber root soil apply liquid manure, it is ensured that Cucumber root can be timely
Liquid manure is absorbed, promotes cucumber to take root；The first spray line being vertically arranged, can apply liquid manure to cucumber melon seedling blade face part, protect
Card blade face liquid manure is sufficient；Also valve can be set in the junction of the first spray line and the second spray line in detailed process, according to
The growth cycle of cucumber, opens or closes valve, rationally the sowing amount of control moisture and fertilizer, and the growth for not only improving cucumber is carried
High yield and the quality of cucumber, are avoided that the waste of water and fertilizer again, simple to operate, improve efficiency.
Further advantage of the invention, target and feature embody part by following explanation, and part will also be by this
The research and practice of invention and be understood by the person skilled in the art.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the side view of greenhouse of the present invention, and wherein internal part does not show；
Fig. 2 is the front view of greenhouse of the present invention；
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, to make those skilled in the art with reference to specification text
Word can be implemented according to this.
It should be noted that experimental technique described in following embodiments, unless otherwise specified, is conventional method, institute
Reagent and material are stated, unless otherwise specified, is commercially obtained；In the description of the invention, term " transverse direction ", " vertical
To ", " on ", D score, "front", "rear", "left", "right", " vertical ", " level ", " top ", " bottom ", " interior ", the instruction such as " outward " side
Position or position relationship are, based on orientation shown in the drawings or position relationship, to be for only for ease of the description present invention and described with simplified,
Be not indicate or imply meaning device or element must have specific orientation, with specific azimuth configuration and operation, because
This is not considered as limiting the invention.
Embodiment 1
As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, the present invention provides a kind of cultural method of plastic tent cucumber, including：
S1, the cucumber seeds of selection full grains soak 1h in the water that temperature is 40 DEG C, drain, and vernalization is processed
Seed afterwards；Seed after treatment is placed in nursery 25d on seedling bed and obtains cucumber seedling；
S2, choose 3 years in do not planted melon sandy loam plot as melon ground, build greenhouse, site preparation makees ridge in greenhouse,
And it is 1m to apply the distance between the organic fertilizer for having become thoroughly decomposed, covering film on ridge, adjacent two ridge, and plantation is opened up every 1m on ridge
Hole；
The greenhouse includes：Frame, it includes multigroup vertical rack 11 being oppositely arranged along ridge length direction and is located at
Crossbeam skeleton 12 between two vertical racks 11 being oppositely arranged, the two ends of the crossbeam skeleton 12 respectively with the vertical branch
The top of frame 11 is connected；Canopy lid 2, it includes insect prevention stratum reticulare, sunshade stratum reticulare, heat-insulation layer, the bedding of canopy lid 2 successively from the inside to the outside
In on the frame；Water and fertilizer irrigation device；Red blue light illumination apparatus 4, it is arranged on the crossbeam skeleton 12；
Wherein, the water and fertilizer irrigation device includes：Second spray line 31, it is located between two ridges and is set along ridge length direction
Put, second spray line 31 is provided with multigroup second spray hole 311, every group of second spray hole 311 near the side of plantation hole
Set along the length direction of the second spray line 31；Multiple first spray lines 32, each first spray line 32 is vertically arranged and along second
The length direction of spray line 31 is arranged successively, and each bottom of the first spray line 32 is connected with the second spray line 31, and each
The outer surface of one spray line 32 offers multiple first spray holes 321；First feed pipe 33, itself and each the first spray line 32
Top be connected；Feed control cabinet 35, it is arranged at outside canopy lid, and by the second feed pipe 34 and first feed pipe
33 are connected；
S3, to being added water in feed control cabinet 35, watered by the first spray line 32 and the second spray line 31, watering makes soil
Moisture content be 50%, then by cucumber kind transplantation of seedlings to plantation hole, field planting；Day temperature is in holding greenhouse during field planting
22 DEG C, nocturnal temperature be 18 DEG C, relative air humidity remains 70%；Nutrient solution is added to feed control cabinet 35 and by first
The spray line 31 of spray line 32 and second applies nutrient solution to cucumber seedling, and specific method is：From be colonized to blooming, per 3d to feed
Nutrient solution is added in control cabinet, each applied amount is 8kg/ mus；From blooming to the result maturity period, add to feed control cabinet 35 per 6d
Enter nutrient solution, each applied amount is 15kg/ mus；Before from result maturity period to picking fruit, added to feed control cabinet per 8d and sought
Nutrient solution, each applied amount is 5kg/ mus；Wherein, the preparation method of nutrient solution is in S3：By honeysuckle, 5 that weight portion is 10 parts
The achyranthes aspera of part, 1 part of kuh-seng, 1 part of phoenix tree leaf, 1 part of thunder godvine, 8 parts of cordate houttuynia, 5 parts of Lindley Butterflybush Herb grind,
It is 60 DEG C in temperature with the ethanol water that the volume fraction that weight portion is 20 parts is 70%, 60% successively and extracts 12h, merges two
Secondary extract solution, obtains the first extract solution；To addition chlorobromide isocyanuric acid, Bravo, honey, mandipropamid in the first extract solution
Amine, urea, plant ash, water, calcium superphosphate mixing and stirring are obtained final product；Wherein, the first extract solution, chlorobromide isocyanuric acid, hundred bacterium
Clearly, honey, mandipropamid, urea, plant ash, water, the mass ratio of calcium superphosphate are 1:0.1:1:1:0.1:10:10:30:
10。
Vernalization includes first cucumber seeds are placed in the peracetic acid soln that mass fraction is 2% soaking 1h in the S1,
Clean, it is 30 DEG C to be then placed in again in seed soaking agent in temperature, soaks 6h；The preparation method of the seed soaking agent includes：By weight portion
It is 10 parts of the roots of bidentate achyranthes, 5 parts of Xuancheng's pawpaw, 2 parts of Buddha's hand, 1 part of bark of official magnolia co-grinding, with the volume fraction that weight portion is 30 parts
Ethanol water for 50% is 60 DEG C of extraction 12h in temperature, collects extract solution；By extract solution, ethephon (CEPHA),2-(chloroethyl) phosphonic acid, fulvic acid, dimension life
Element, gibberellin, water, mixing obtain final product seed soaking agent；Wherein, the extract solution, ethephon (CEPHA),2-(chloroethyl) phosphonic acid, fulvic acid, vitamin, gibberellin, water
Mass ratio is 1:0.1:0.5:0.01:0.01:10.
Preceding 20d after being colonized in the S3, daily 16 points~19 points are opened red blue light illumination apparatus illumination, and intensity of illumination is
5000lux；Wherein, red light wavelength is 650nm, and blue light wavelength is 450nm.
Also include preceding 5d after field planting in the S3, with sunshade stratum reticulare sheltered from heat or light at 9 points~12 points, screening is used at 12 points~14 points after 5d
Screened postive is sheltered from heat or light, and is sheltered from heat or light with sunshade net to during 20d 14~16 points to field planting after 10d.
The junction of each first spray line 32 and the second spray line 31 is provided with autocontrol valve in the S2, institute
State opening or closure that feed control cabinet 35 can control autocontrol valve.Autocontrol valve can be using electromagnetic relay control
Valve, naturally it is also possible to common valve is used, by manually mode being turned on and off come control valve, but automatically
Control valve is obviously more convenient.When valve is opened, water or nutrient solution can spray from the first spray hole 321 of the first spray line 32
Go out the nutrient solution that the blade face part of cucumber can be watered or applied, it is also possible to spray from the second spray hole 311 of the second spray line 31
Go out the nutrient solution that the soil blade face part near the root of cucumber can be watered or applied, to ensure the growth of Cucumber root；When
Water or nutrient solution can be only sprayed with the blade face portion to cucumber from the first spray hole 321 of the first spray line 32 when closing valve
Divide and water or apply nutrient solution；By the regulation of valve to adapt to the moisture and nutriment of the growth periods different to cucumber,
It is simple to operate, reduce and waste.
Also include that enabling water and fertilizer irrigation device waters in the S3, it is every from field planting to Post flowering to water once within 5d days, and beat
Open autocontrol valve；Autocontrol valve is watered once and opened from blooming to result maturity period every 3d；As a result the maturity period arrive
Pluck and watered once per 6d, simultaneously close off autocontrol valve.
In the S3 autocontrol valve is opened from be colonized to blooming during applying nutrient solution；Applied from blooming to the result maturity period
Autocontrol valve is opened during Ensure Liquid liquid；Autocontrol valve is closed before from result maturity period to picking fruit.
Embodiment 2
As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, the present invention provides a kind of cultural method of plastic tent cucumber, including：
S1, the cucumber seeds of selection full grains soak 1.5h in the water that temperature is 50 DEG C, drain, and vernalization is obtained everywhere
Seed after reason；Seed after treatment is placed in nursery 30d on seedling bed and obtains cucumber seedling；
S2, choose 3 years in do not planted melon sandy loam plot as melon ground, build greenhouse, site preparation makees ridge in greenhouse,
And it is 1.2m to apply the distance between the organic fertilizer for having become thoroughly decomposed, covering film on ridge, adjacent two ridge, and kind is opened up every 1.5m on ridge
Plant hole；
The greenhouse includes：Frame, it includes multigroup vertical rack 11 being oppositely arranged along ridge length direction and is located at
Crossbeam skeleton 12 between two vertical racks 11 being oppositely arranged, the two ends of the crossbeam skeleton 12 respectively with the vertical branch
The top of frame 11 is connected；Canopy lid 2, it includes insect prevention stratum reticulare, sunshade stratum reticulare, heat-insulation layer, the bedding of canopy lid 2 successively from the inside to the outside
In on the frame；Water and fertilizer irrigation device；Red blue light illumination apparatus 4, it is arranged on the crossbeam skeleton 12；
Wherein, the water and fertilizer irrigation device includes：Second spray line 31, it is located between two ridges and is set along ridge length direction
Put, second spray line 31 is provided with multigroup second spray hole 311, every group of second spray hole 311 near the side of plantation hole
Set along the length direction of the second spray line 31；Multiple first spray lines 32, each first spray line 32 is vertically arranged and along second
The length direction of spray line 31 is arranged successively, and each bottom of the first spray line 32 is connected with the second spray line 31, and each
The outer surface of one spray line 32 offers multiple first spray holes 321；First feed pipe 33, itself and each the first spray line 32
Top be connected；Feed control cabinet 35, it is arranged at outside canopy lid, and by the second feed pipe 34 and first feed pipe
33 are connected；
S3, to being added water in feed control cabinet 35, watered by the first spray line 32 and the second spray line 31, watering makes soil
Moisture content be 60%, then by cucumber kind transplantation of seedlings to plantation hole, field planting；Day temperature is in holding greenhouse during field planting
25 DEG C, nocturnal temperature be 20 DEG C, relative air humidity remains 75%；To adding nutrient solution in feed control cabinet 35 and pass through the
One spray line 32 and the second spray line 31 apply nutrient solution to cucumber seedling, and specific method is：From be colonized to blooming, per 4d to confession
Nutrient solution is added in material control cabinet 35, each applied amount is 10kg/ mus；From blooming to the result maturity period, per 7d to feed control
Nutrient solution is added in case 35, each applied amount is 18kg/ mus；Before from result maturity period to picking fruit, per 10d to feed control
Nutrient solution is added in case 35, each applied amount is 8kg/ mus；Wherein, the preparation method of nutrient solution is in S3：It is 15 by weight portion
Part honeysuckle, 7 parts of achyranthes aspera, 1.5 parts of kuh-seng, 3 parts of phoenix tree leaf, 1.5 parts of thunder godvine, 9 parts of cordate houttuynia, 7 parts
Lindley Butterflybush Herb grind, be in temperature with the ethanol water that the volume fraction that weight portion is 25 parts is 75%, 65% successively
75 DEG C of extraction 18h, merge extract solution twice, obtain the first extract solution；To addition chlorobromide isocyanuric acid, hundred bacterium in the first extract solution
Clearly, honey, mandipropamid, urea, plant ash, water, calcium superphosphate mixing and stirring are obtained final product；Wherein, the first extract solution, chlorine
Bromine isocyanuric acid, Bravo, honey, mandipropamid, urea, plant ash, water, the mass ratio of calcium superphosphate are 1:0.3:1.5:
3:0.3:15:12:4:13。
Vernalization includes first cucumber seeds are placed in the peracetic acid soln that mass fraction is 3% and soaks in the S1
1.5h, cleans, and it is 35 DEG C to be then placed in again in seed soaking agent in temperature, soaks 9h；The preparation method of the seed soaking agent includes：Will weight
Amount part is 15 parts of the root of bidentate achyranthes, 7 parts of Xuancheng's pawpaw, 3 parts of Buddha's hand, 1.5 parts of bark of official magnolia co-grinding, with the body that weight portion is 45 parts
Fraction be 60% ethanol water in temperature be 75 DEG C extraction 18h, collect extract solution；By extract solution, ethephon (CEPHA),2-(chloroethyl) phosphonic acid, yellow corruption
Acid, vitamin, gibberellin, water, mixing obtain final product seed soaking agent；Wherein, the extract solution, ethephon (CEPHA),2-(chloroethyl) phosphonic acid, fulvic acid, vitamin, red mould
Element, the mass ratio of water are 1:0.15:0.7:0.03:0.03:15.
Preceding 20d after being colonized in the S3, daily 16 points~19 points are opened red blue light illumination apparatus illumination, and intensity of illumination is
8000lux；Wherein, red light wavelength is 660nm, and blue light wavelength is 455nm.
Also include preceding 5d after field planting in the S3, with sunshade stratum reticulare sheltered from heat or light at 9 points~12 points, screening is used at 12 points~14 points after 5d
Screened postive is sheltered from heat or light, and is sheltered from heat or light with sunshade net to during 20d 14~16 points to field planting after 10d.
The junction of each first spray line 32 and the second spray line 31 is provided with autocontrol valve in the S2, institute
State the opening or closure of the controllable autocontrol valve of feed control cabinet.
Also include that enabling water and fertilizer irrigation device waters in the S3, it is every from field planting to Post flowering to water once within 6d days, and beat
Open autocontrol valve；Autocontrol valve is watered once and opened from blooming to result maturity period every 4d；As a result the maturity period arrive
Pluck and watered once per 8d, simultaneously close off autocontrol valve.
In the S3 autocontrol valve is opened from be colonized to blooming during applying nutrient solution；Applied from blooming to the result maturity period
Autocontrol valve is opened during Ensure Liquid liquid；Autocontrol valve is closed before from result maturity period to picking fruit.
Embodiment 3
As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, the present invention provides a kind of cultural method of plastic tent cucumber, including：
S1, the cucumber seeds of selection full grains soak 2h in the water that temperature is 60 DEG C, drain, and vernalization is processed
Seed afterwards；Seed after treatment is placed in nursery 35d on seedling bed and obtains cucumber seedling；
S2, choose 3 years in do not planted melon sandy loam plot as melon ground, build greenhouse, site preparation makees ridge in greenhouse,
And it is 1.5m to apply the distance between the organic fertilizer for having become thoroughly decomposed, covering film on ridge, adjacent two ridge, and plantation is opened up every 2m on ridge
Hole；
The greenhouse includes：Frame, it includes multigroup vertical rack 11 being oppositely arranged along ridge length direction and is located at
Crossbeam skeleton 12 between two vertical racks 11 being oppositely arranged, the two ends of the crossbeam skeleton 12 respectively with the vertical branch
The top of frame 11 is connected；Canopy lid 2, it includes insect prevention stratum reticulare, sunshade stratum reticulare, heat-insulation layer, the bedding of canopy lid 2 successively from the inside to the outside
In on the frame；Water and fertilizer irrigation device；Red blue light illumination apparatus 4, it is arranged on the crossbeam skeleton 12；
Wherein, the water and fertilizer irrigation device includes：Second spray line 31, it is located between two ridges and is set along ridge length direction
Put, second spray line 31 is provided with multigroup second spray hole 311, every group of second spray hole 311 near the side of plantation hole
Set along the length direction of the second spray line 31；Multiple first spray lines 32, each first spray line 32 is vertically arranged and along second
The length direction of spray line 31 is arranged successively, and each bottom of the first spray line 32 is connected with the second spray line 31, and each
The outer surface of one spray line 32 offers multiple first spray holes 321；First feed pipe 33, itself and each the first spray line 32
Top be connected；Feed control cabinet 35, it is arranged at outside canopy lid, and by the second feed pipe 34 and first feed pipe
33 are connected；
S3, to being added water in feed control cabinet 35, watered by the first spray line 32 and the second spray line 31, watering makes soil
Moisture content be 70%, then by cucumber kind transplantation of seedlings to plantation hole, field planting；Day temperature is in holding greenhouse during field planting
28 DEG C, nocturnal temperature be 22 DEG C, relative air humidity remains 80%；To adding nutrient solution in feed control cabinet 35 and pass through the
One spray line 32 and the second spray line 31 apply nutrient solution to cucumber seedling, and specific method is：From be colonized to blooming, per 5d to confession
Nutrient solution is added in material control cabinet 35, each applied amount is 12kg/ mus；From blooming to the result maturity period, per 8d to feed control
Nutrient solution is added in case 35, each applied amount is 20kg/ mus；Before from result maturity period to picking fruit, per 12d to feed control
Nutrient solution is added in case 35, each applied amount is 10kg/ mus；Wherein, the preparation method of nutrient solution is in S3：It is 20 by weight portion
Part honeysuckle, 10 parts of achyranthes aspera, 2 parts of kuh-seng, 5 parts of phoenix tree leaf, 2 parts of thunder godvine, 10 parts of cordate houttuynia, 10 parts
Lindley Butterflybush Herb grinds, successively with the ethanol water that the volume fraction that weight portion is 30 parts is 80%, 70% in temperature be 90
DEG C 24h is extracted, merge extract solution twice, obtain the first extract solution；To addition chlorobromide isocyanuric acid, hundred bacterium in the first extract solution
Clearly, honey, mandipropamid, urea, plant ash, water, calcium superphosphate mixing and stirring are obtained final product；Wherein, the first extract solution, chlorine
Bromine isocyanuric acid, Bravo, honey, mandipropamid, urea, plant ash, water, the mass ratio of calcium superphosphate are 1:0.5:2:5:
0.5:20:15:50:15。
Vernalization includes first cucumber seeds are placed in the peracetic acid soln that mass fraction is 5% soaking 2h in the S1,
Clean, it is 40 DEG C to be then placed in again in seed soaking agent in temperature, soaks 12h；The preparation method of the seed soaking agent includes：By weight portion
It is 20 parts of the roots of bidentate achyranthes, 10 parts of Xuancheng's pawpaw, 5 parts of Buddha's hand, 2 parts of bark of official magnolia co-grinding, with the volume integral that weight portion is 60 parts
Number is 90 DEG C of extraction 24h in temperature for 70% ethanol water, collects extract solution；By extract solution, ethephon (CEPHA),2-(chloroethyl) phosphonic acid, fulvic acid, dimension
Raw element, gibberellin, water, mixing obtain final product seed soaking agent；Wherein, the extract solution, ethephon (CEPHA),2-(chloroethyl) phosphonic acid, fulvic acid, vitamin, gibberellin, water
Mass ratio be 1:0.2:1:0.05:0.05:20.
Preceding 20d after being colonized in the S3, daily 16 points~19 points are opened red blue light illumination apparatus illumination, and intensity of illumination is
10000lux；Wherein, red light wavelength is 680nm, and blue light wavelength is 460nm.
Also include preceding 5d after field planting in the S3, with sunshade stratum reticulare sheltered from heat or light at 9 points~12 points, screening is used at 12 points~14 points after 5d
Screened postive is sheltered from heat or light, and is sheltered from heat or light with sunshade net to during 20d 14~16 points to field planting after 10d.
The junction of each first spray line 32 and the second spray line 31 is provided with autocontrol valve in the S2, institute
State the opening or closure of the controllable autocontrol valve of feed control cabinet.
Also include that enabling water and fertilizer irrigation device waters in the S3, it is every from field planting to Post flowering to water once within 8d days, and beat
Open autocontrol valve；Autocontrol valve is watered once and opened from blooming to result maturity period every 5d；As a result the maturity period arrive
Pluck and watered once per 10d, simultaneously close off autocontrol valve.
In the S3 autocontrol valve is opened from be colonized to blooming during applying nutrient solution；Applied from blooming to the result maturity period
Autocontrol valve is opened during Ensure Liquid liquid；Autocontrol valve is closed before from result maturity period to picking fruit.
Comparative example 1
The present invention provides a kind of cultural method of plastic tent cucumber, including：
S1, the cucumber seeds of selection full grains soak 1h in the water that temperature is 40 DEG C, drain, and vernalization is processed
Seed afterwards；Seed after treatment is placed in nursery 25d on seedling bed and obtains cucumber seedling；
S2, choose 3 years in do not planted melon sandy loam plot as melon ground, build greenhouse, site preparation makees ridge in greenhouse,
And it is 1m to apply the distance between the organic fertilizer for having become thoroughly decomposed, covering film on ridge, adjacent two ridge, and plantation is opened up every 1m on ridge
Hole；Wherein greenhouse is common greenhouse, and without illumination apparatus.
S3, conventionally water, watering makes the moisture content of soil be 50%, then by the transplantation of seedlings of cucumber kind to planting
In hole, field planting；During field planting keep greenhouse in day temperature be 22 DEG C, nocturnal temperature be 18 DEG C, relative air humidity is remained
70%；Conventionally apply nutrient solution, specific method is：From be colonized to blooming, per 3d to addition battalion in feed control cabinet
Nutrient solution, each applied amount is 8kg/ mus；From blooming to the result maturity period, nutrient solution is added to feed control cabinet 35 per 6d, every time
Applied amount is 15kg/ mus；Before from result maturity period to picking fruit, nutrient solution is added to feed control cabinet per 8d, applied every time
Measure is 5kg/ mus；Wherein, the preparation method of nutrient solution is in S3：By honeysuckle that weight portion is 10 parts, 5 parts of achyranthes aspera, 1 part
Kuh-seng, 1 part of phoenix tree leaf, 1 part of thunder godvine, 8 parts of cordate houttuynia, 5 parts of Lindley Butterflybush Herb grind, be with weight portion successively
20 parts of volume fraction is that 70%, 60% ethanol water is 60 DEG C of extraction 12h in temperature, merges extract solution twice；To
Chlorobromide isocyanuric acid, Bravo, honey, mandipropamid, urea, plant ash, water, calcium superphosphate mixing are added in one extract solution
Stir and obtain final product；Wherein, the first extract solution, chlorobromide isocyanuric acid, Bravo, honey, mandipropamid, urea, plant ash,
Water, the mass ratio of calcium superphosphate are 1:0.1:1:1:0.1:10:10:30:10.
Vernalization includes first cucumber seeds are placed in the peracetic acid soln that mass fraction is 2% soaking 1h in the S1,
Clean, it is 30 DEG C to be then placed in again in seed soaking agent in temperature, soaks 6h；The preparation method of the seed soaking agent includes：By weight portion
It is 10 parts of the roots of bidentate achyranthes, 5 parts of Xuancheng's pawpaw, 2 parts of Buddha's hand, 1 part of bark of official magnolia co-grinding, with the volume fraction that weight portion is 30 parts
Ethanol water for 50% is 60 DEG C of extraction 12h in temperature, collects extract solution；By extract solution, ethephon (CEPHA),2-(chloroethyl) phosphonic acid, fulvic acid, dimension life
Element, gibberellin, water, mixing obtain final product seed soaking agent；Wherein, the extract solution, ethephon (CEPHA),2-(chloroethyl) phosphonic acid, fulvic acid, vitamin, gibberellin, water
Mass ratio is 1:0.1:0.5:0.01:0.01:10.
Comparative example 2
According to the traditional common cultivation pattern of North Sea locality peasant household, in the course of cultivation not using in greenhouse of the invention
Water and fertilizer irrigation device, waters and applies fertilizer only with common sprinkling method, and during be not used nutrient solution of the invention, remaining is equal
It is identical with the cultural method in embodiment 1.
Cultural method test related data according to above-described embodiment 1~3, comparative example 1~2 is as shown in table 1：
The growing state of the cucumber of table 1
| Embodiment | Per mu yield/t | Pest and disease damage incidence (%) |
| Embodiment 1 | 5.12 | 4.2 |
| Embodiment 2 | 5.18 | 3.9 |
| Embodiment 3 | 5.21 | 3.7 |
| Comparative example 1 | 4.32 | 6.2 |
| Comparative example 2 | 3.78 | 13.6 |
From table 1 it follows that the per mu yield of embodiment 1~3 is higher than comparative example 1~2, the pest and disease damage of embodiment 1~3 occurs
Rate is less than ratio 1~2, therefore the cultural method of plastic tent cucumber of the invention can greatly improve the yield and quality of cucumber；Tool
Body is from embodiment 1 and comparative example 1 it can be seen that the three-decker and the water and fertilizer irrigation device rational application of fertilizer that pass through greenhouse of the invention
Cucumber yield and reduction pest and disease damage, comparative example 1 and comparative example 2 can be improved it can be seen that adding nutrient solution of the invention with watering
The yield of cucumber increases and pest and disease damage decreases afterwards, therefore nutrient solution of the invention has the growth of promotion cucumber and prevents
The only effect of pest and disease damage.
Although embodiment of the present invention is disclosed as above, it is not restricted to listed in specification and implementation method
With, it can be applied to various suitable the field of the invention completely, for those skilled in the art, can be easily
Other modification is realized, therefore under the universal limited without departing substantially from claim and equivalency range, the present invention is not limited
In specific details and shown here as the legend with description.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of cultural method of plastic tent cucumber, it is characterised in that including：
S1, the cucumber seeds of selection full grains soak 1~2h in the water that temperature is 40~60 DEG C, drain, and vernalization is obtained everywhere
Seed after reason；Seed after treatment is placed in 25~35d of nursery on seedling bed and obtains cucumber seedling；
S2, choose 3 years in do not planted melon sandy loam plot as melon ground, build greenhouse, site preparation makees ridge in greenhouse, and applies
With the organic fertilizer for having become thoroughly decomposed, covering film on ridge, the distance between adjacent two ridge is 1~1.5m, and kind is opened up every 1~2m on ridge
Plant hole；
The greenhouse includes：Frame, it includes multigroup vertical rack being oppositely arranged along ridge length direction and positioned at two phases
To the crossbeam skeleton between the vertical rack that sets, the two ends of the crossbeam skeleton respectively with the top phase of the vertical rack
Even；Canopy lid, it includes insect prevention stratum reticulare, sunshade stratum reticulare, heat-insulation layer successively from the inside to the outside, and the canopy lid is bedded on the frame；
Water and fertilizer irrigation device；Red blue light illumination apparatus, it is arranged on the crossbeam skeleton；
Wherein, the water and fertilizer irrigation device includes：Second spray line, it is located between two ridges and is set along ridge length direction, institute
State the second spray line and the side of plantation hole is provided with multigroup second spray hole, every group of second spray hole is along the second sprinkling pipe range
Degree direction is set；Multiple first spray lines, each first spray line is vertically arranged and is arranged successively along the second spray line length direction
Cloth, each first sprinkling bottom of the tube is connected with the second spray line, and the outer surface of each the first spray line offers many
Individual first spray hole；First feed pipe, is connected at the top of itself and each first spray line；Feed control cabinet, it is arranged at
Outside canopy lid, and it is connected with first feed pipe by the second feed pipe；
S3, to being added water in feed control cabinet, watered by the first spray line and the second spray line, watering makes the moisture content of soil be
50~70%, then by cucumber kind transplantation of seedlings to plantation hole, it is colonized；It is 22~28 that day temperature in greenhouse is kept during field planting
DEG C, nocturnal temperature be 18~22 DEG C, relative air humidity remains 70~80%；Nutrient solution and lead to being added in feed control cabinet
Cross the first spray line and the second spray line and apply nutrient solution to cucumber seedling, specific method is：From be colonized to blooming, every 3~5d
To nutrient solution is added in feed control cabinet, each applied amount is 8~12kg/ mus；From blooming to the result maturity period, every 6~8d to
Nutrient solution is added in feed control cabinet, each applied amount is 15~20kg/ mus；Before from result maturity period to picking fruit, every 8~
To nutrient solution is added in feed control cabinet, each applied amount is 5~10kg/ mus to 12d；Wherein, in S3 nutrient solution preparation method
For：By honeysuckle that weight portion is 10~20 parts, 5~10 parts of achyranthes aspera, 1~2 part of kuh-seng, 1~5 part of phoenix tree leaf, 1~
2 parts of thunder godvine, 8~10 parts of cordate houttuynia, 5~10 parts of Lindley Butterflybush Herb grind, and are successively 20~30 parts with weight portion
Volume fraction be 70~80%, 60~70% ethanol water in temperature be 60~90 DEG C extraction 12~24h, merging carry twice
Liquid is taken, the first extract solution is obtained；To addition chlorobromide isocyanuric acid, Bravo, honey, mandipropamid, urine in the first extract solution
Element, plant ash, water, calcium superphosphate mixing and stirring are obtained final product；Wherein, the first extract solution, chlorobromide isocyanuric acid, Bravo, honeybee
Honey, mandipropamid, urea, plant ash, water, the mass ratio of calcium superphosphate are 1:0.1~0.5:1~2:1~5:0.1~0.5:
10~20:10~15:30~50:10~15.
2. the cultural method of plastic tent cucumber as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that vernalization is included first by cucumber seeds in S1
1~2h of immersion is placed in the peracetic acid soln that mass fraction is 2~5%, is cleaned, be then placed in seed soaking agent again and be in temperature
30~40 DEG C, soak 6~12h；The preparation method of the seed soaking agent includes：By the root of bidentate achyranthes that weight portion is 10~20 parts, 5~10 parts
Xuancheng's pawpaw, 2~5 parts of Buddha's hand, 1~2 part of bark of official magnolia co-grinding, with the volume fraction that weight portion is 30~60 parts be 50~
70% ethanol water is 60~90 DEG C of 12~24h of extraction in temperature, collects extract solution；By extract solution, ethephon (CEPHA),2-(chloroethyl) phosphonic acid, yellow corruption
Acid, vitamin, gibberellin, water, mixing obtain final product seed soaking agent；Wherein, the extract solution, ethephon (CEPHA),2-(chloroethyl) phosphonic acid, fulvic acid, vitamin, red mould
Element, the mass ratio of water are 1:0.1~0.2:0.5~1:0.01~0.05:0.01~0.05:10~20.
3. the cultural method of plastic tent cucumber as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that preceding 20d, daily 16 points after being colonized in S3
~19 points are opened red blue light illumination apparatus illumination, and intensity of illumination is 5000~10000lux；Wherein, red light wavelength be 650~
680nm, blue light wavelength is 450~460nm.
4. the cultural method of plastic tent cucumber as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that also include preceding 5d, after field planting in S3 at 9 points
~12 points are sheltered from heat or light with sunshade stratum reticulare, and 12 points~14 points are sheltered from heat or light with sunshade net after 5d, to field planting to 14~16 points during 20d after 10d
Sheltered from heat or light with sunshade net.
5. the cultural method of plastic tent cucumber as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that each first spray line and second in S2
The junction of spray line is provided with autocontrol valve, and the feed control cabinet can control the opening of autocontrol valve or close
Close.
6. the cultural method of plastic tent cucumber as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that also include enabling water and fertilizer irrigation dress in S3
Put and water, watered once within every 5~8d days to Post flowering from field planting, and open autocontrol valve；From blooming to the result maturity period
Every 3~5d waters once and opens autocontrol valve；As a result the maturity period watered once to every 6~10d is plucked, simultaneously close off from
Dynamic control valve.
7. the cultural method of plastic tent cucumber as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that the applying nutrition from be colonized to blooming in S3
Autocontrol valve is opened during liquid；Autocontrol valve is opened when blooming and applying nutrient solution to the result maturity period；From result into
The ripe phase is to closing autocontrol valve before picking fruit.
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| CN201611041373.9A CN106717252A (en) | 2016-11-22 | 2016-11-22 | The cultural method of plastic tent cucumber |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107455116A (en) * | 2017-07-27 | 2017-12-12 | 宿州市埇桥区永盛蔬菜专业合作社 | A kind of cultural method of cucumber |
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| CN105027921A (en) * | 2015-07-24 | 2015-11-11 | 天长市翔净蔬菜种植发展有限公司 | Non-pollution cultivation method of tender cucumbers in greenhouse |
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| CN105027921A (en) * | 2015-07-24 | 2015-11-11 | 天长市翔净蔬菜种植发展有限公司 | Non-pollution cultivation method of tender cucumbers in greenhouse |
| CN105409594A (en) * | 2015-12-18 | 2016-03-23 | 蓬溪昊宏菌业有限责任公司 | Automatic temperature control system and cultivation method for shiitake mushrooms |
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Application publication date: 20170531 |