CN106711596B - Broadband GNSS antenna with wide axial ratio beam width - Google Patents
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- CN106711596B CN106711596B CN201611213345.0A CN201611213345A CN106711596B CN 106711596 B CN106711596 B CN 106711596B CN 201611213345 A CN201611213345 A CN 201611213345A CN 106711596 B CN106711596 B CN 106711596B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
- H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
- H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
- H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/08—Radiating ends of two-conductor microwave transmission lines, e.g. of coaxial lines, of microstrip lines
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
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Abstract
The invention discloses a broadband GNSS antenna with wide axial ratio beam width, which comprises a chamfer fan-shaped radiation unit, a microstrip line power division phase shift network, a triangle connecting unit, a via hole, a feed via hole, a round medium substrate, a disc-shaped floor, a coaxial conductor, a feed coaxial inner conductor and a metal cylinder, wherein the chamfer fan-shaped radiation unit is arranged on the microstrip line power division phase shift network; the plurality of corner-cut fan-shaped radiation units are distributed above the front surface of the circular dielectric substrate in a ring-shaped array mode by taking the center of the circular dielectric substrate as the center; the microstrip line power division phase shift network is arranged on the back of the circular dielectric substrate; the corner-cut fan-shaped radiation unit is connected with the microstrip line power division phase shift network through a triangle connection unit; the disc-shaped floor is arranged on the front surface of the circular dielectric substrate; the edge of the disc-shaped floor is surrounded by a metal cylinder with the same height as the chamfer fan-shaped radiation unit. The invention has the characteristics of wide axial ratio beam width, wide band, low axial ratio, stable gain and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of antennas, in particular to a broadband GNSS antenna with wide axial ratio beam width.
Background
GNSS means a global navigation satellite system (Global Navigation Satellite System), and GNSS antenna is a terminal antenna for receiving satellite signals. In view of the important influence of satellite navigation systems on national lives, GNSS is very important as a high-tech competitive highland for research in various countries. Since GNSS signals are circularly polarized signals, GNSS antennas require special designs, and are greatly interfered by surrounding environments due to various complex application environments, and various performance and index requirements are more severe than those of terminal equipment.
With the addition of the Beidou navigation system, the satellite navigation industry is continuously developed. The large nations invest huge capital to develop the navigation system, which promotes the development of satellite navigation industry. In order to be able to transmit and receive electromagnetic waves in any polarization direction, GNSS antennas employ a circular polarization. The common satellite communication frequency band is GPS: l1:1575MHz, L2:1227MHz, L5:1176MHz; second generation of Beidou: b1:1561MHz; B2:1207MHz; b3:1268MHz; GLONASS:1612MHz. If one antenna is designed to cover all the current GNSS signals, the bandwidth at least needs to cover 1160MHz-1615MHz. The GNSS antenna mainly adopts a right-hand circular polarization mode, so that the problem that weak satellite antenna signals are easy to be subjected to multipath fading and interference is brought. In addition, satellite antenna signals are weaker, and GNSS receiving antennas need higher and smoother gains; circularly polarized antennas also suffer from phase instability over a large frequency range, and in addition, antennas need to receive signals over a relatively wide angle to achieve more accurate positioning. It is therefore a difficulty to design a GNSS antenna that is broadband, wide-axis beam, high gain, and stable.
The theory and industry of GNSS antennas has been studied intensively. The mode of realizing broadband circular polarization is various, and the structure is also quite different; the method for realizing low axial ratio and high gain mainly has the advantages of high symmetry of structure and large effective radiating unit area. Multiple resonances are multiple combinations of resonance points created by multiple radiating elements or the introduction of parasitic elements to create broadband characteristics. The multimode implementation mainly uses the multimode characteristics of the microstrip antenna to decompose the higher order modes through various branch loading, so that the main mode and the higher order modes are approximately orthogonal to the degenerate mode on a specific frequency band, and circular polarization is realized.
The axial ratio is an important measure of the circular polarization characteristics of an antenna, and is defined as the ratio of the major axis to the minor axis of the polarization ellipse, which represents the purity of circular polarization. For linearly polarized waves, the axial ratio is equal to infinity; for circularly polarized waves, the axial ratio is equal to 1. When the receiving and transmitting antenna is a circularly polarized antenna with the same rotation direction, the incoming wave power is received, and the loss is electrodeless; when the receiving and transmitting antenna is a reverse rotation circularly polarized antenna, the antenna cannot receive incoming wave power, and the polarization loss is maximum; when the transmitting and receiving sides transmit circularly polarized and the receiving side receives linearly polarized, the antenna only receives half of the power of the incoming wave. Common circularly polarized antennas include circularly polarized microstrip antennas, axial mode helical antennas, planar logarithmic helical antennas, and the like.
In 2012 Chuan Wu et al publication Broad beamwidth circular polarisation antenna, microstrip-monopole antenna. The microstrip antenna with the monopole is disclosed, four monopole are vertically arranged around the microstrip antenna patch, the patch radiates an electromagnetic field and is coupled to the monopole at the same time, so that the monopole radiation is caused, and the monopole radiation are overlapped with each other, so that the beam is widened.
Sun published in 2014 a paper titled "A Compact Frequency-Reconfigurable Patch Antenna for Beidou (COMPASS) Navigation System, in which the radiator of the antenna is a slotted circle, the slots are connected by a short-circuit line, and the rotating disk can change the length of the short-circuit line, thereby adjusting the matching circuit, adjusting the resonance point, and realizing the adjustability of the circularly polarized antenna. The two feed output ports are respectively connected with the patches which are mutually perpendicular and excite the grooving discs on the upper layer through coupling action, so that the radiation of the circularly polarized antenna is realized. The dimensions of this antenna are 30mm x 12mm, the frequency band that can cover is: e5b (1192-1215 MHz), E6 (1260-1279 MHz) and E2 (1559-1591 MHz) of BDNS.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects and shortcomings of the prior art and provide a wide-axis-ratio beam width broadband GNSS antenna, which has the characteristics of wide-axis-ratio beam width, broadband, low-axis-ratio, stable gain and the like, and is suitable for terminal equipment for accurate navigation.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows: a broadband GNSS antenna with wide axial ratio beam width comprises a chamfer fan-shaped radiation unit, a microstrip line power division phase shift network, a triangle connection unit, a via hole, a feed via hole, a round medium substrate, a disc-shaped floor, a coaxial conductor, a feed coaxial inner conductor and a metal cylinder; the plurality of corner-cut fan-shaped radiation units are distributed above the front surface of the circular medium substrate in a ring-shaped array mode by taking the center of the circular medium substrate as the center and are used for generating circular polarized radiation, and each corner-cut fan-shaped radiation unit is concentric with the center of the circular medium substrate; the microstrip line power division phase shift network is arranged on the back of the circular medium substrate and consists of a flower-shaped microstrip line, a linear microstrip line, a Wilkinson power divider, an isolation resistor, an impedance transformation microstrip line and a matching network regulation branch; the corner-cut fan-shaped radiation unit is connected with the microstrip line power division phase shift network through a triangular connection unit to generate circular polarization, wherein the triangular connection unit is perpendicular to the circular dielectric substrate, and impedance matching of the corner-cut fan-shaped radiation unit and a microstrip line power division phase shift network port is realized through the triangular connection unit; the disc-shaped floor is arranged on the front surface of the circular dielectric substrate, plays a role in reflection and is used for isolating the microstrip line power division phase shift network and the corner-cut fan-shaped radiation unit so as to improve the antenna gain; the edge of the disc-shaped floor is surrounded by a metal cylinder, and the metal cylinder is connected with the disc-shaped floor and has the same height as the corner-cut fan-shaped radiation unit, so that the beam width of the axial ratio is widened and the axial ratio is reduced; the coaxial conductor penetrates through the through hole to connect the triangular connection unit with the microstrip line power division phase shift network, and the coaxial feeding conductor penetrates through the feeding through hole to feed the antenna.
The outer edge of the corner-cut fan-shaped radiation unit is close to the metal cylinder, so that the radiation area is increased, and meanwhile, the impedance matching is improved.
The radius of the via hole is the same as that of the feed via hole and is larger than that of the coaxial conductor and the feed coaxial inner conductor.
The radius of the disc-shaped floor is the same as that of the circular dielectric substrate.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1. compared with the existing GNSS antenna, the invention adopts the corner-cut sector with current distributed along the outer edge, can realize better circular polarization characteristic, and has large radiation area, simple and novel rule and central symmetrical distribution of the corner-cut sector radiation unit structure; after the corner-cut fan-shaped is combined with the microstrip line power division phase shift network, the whole antenna has a lower axial ratio and a wider axial ratio beam width.
2. Compared with the existing GNSS antenna, the antenna has the advantages of wider axial ratio beam width, more novel structure, wider axial ratio frequency bandwidth, higher and stable gain, and better performance compared with the existing GNSS antenna.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic top view of a broadband GNSS antenna according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of A-A of fig. 1.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a disc-shaped floor of a wideband GNSS antenna of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a microstrip line power division phase shift network of the broadband GNSS antenna of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a broadband GNSS antenna according to the present invention.
Fig. 6 is an S11 simulation diagram of a wideband GNSS antenna according to the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating an axial ratio simulation of a broadband GNSS antenna according to the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating gain simulation of a broadband GNSS antenna according to the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a 1.575GHz axial ratio beam width of a wideband GNSS antenna of the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a broadband GNSS antenna 1.175GHz axial ratio beam width according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to specific examples.
As shown in fig. 1 to 5, the wideband GNSS antenna with wide axial ratio beam width according to the present embodiment includes four corner-cut fan-shaped radiating elements 1, a circular dielectric substrate 2, four vias 3, a feed via 4, a feed coaxial inner conductor 5, four coaxial conductors 6, a disc-shaped floor 7, a microstrip line power division phase shift network, four triangle connection elements 14, and a metal cylinder 15. The four corner-cut fan-shaped radiation units 1 are distributed above the front surface of the circular dielectric substrate 2 in an annular array mode by taking the center of the circular dielectric substrate 2 as the center, the height is 40mm and used for generating circular polarized radiation, each corner-cut fan-shaped radiation unit 1 and the circular dielectric substrate 2 are concentric, and the circular dielectric substrate 2 is made of FR_4, dielectric constant is 4.4, thickness is 1mm and radius is 80mm. The microstrip line power division phase shift network is arranged on the back of the circular dielectric substrate 2 and is composed of a flower-shaped microstrip line 8, a linear microstrip line 9, a Wilkinson power divider 10, an isolation resistor 11, an impedance transformation microstrip line 12 and a matching network regulation branch 13, so that power is divided into four parts, and phase differences are respectively 0 degree, 90 degree, 180 degree and 270 degree. The corner-cut fan-shaped radiation unit 1 is connected with the microstrip line power division phase shift network through a triangular connection unit 14 to generate circular polarization, wherein the triangular connection unit 14 is perpendicular to the circular dielectric substrate 2, and impedance matching between the corner-cut fan-shaped radiation unit 1 and a microstrip line power division phase shift network port is realized through the triangular connection unit 14; the disc-shaped floor 7 is arranged on the front surface of the circular dielectric substrate 2, has the same radius as the circular dielectric substrate 2, plays a role of reflection, and is used for isolating the microstrip line power division phase shift network from the corner-cut fan-shaped radiation unit 1 so as to improve the antenna gain. The edge of the disc-shaped floor 7 is surrounded by a metal cylinder 15, and the metal cylinder 15 is connected with the disc-shaped floor 7 and has the same height as the corner-cut fan-shaped radiation unit 1, so as to widen the beam width of the axial ratio and reduce the axial ratio. The via hole 3 and the feed via hole 4 penetrate through the disc-shaped floor 7 and the circular dielectric substrate 2, the coaxial conductor 6 penetrates through the via hole 3 to connect the triangular connection unit 14 with the microstrip line power division phase shift network, and the feed coaxial inner conductor 5 penetrates through the feed via hole 4 to feed the antenna. The radius of the via 3 is the same as the radius of the feed via 4 and is larger than the radius of the coaxial conductor 6 and the feed coaxial inner conductor 5.
The triangular connection unit 14 in the embodiment is connected with the corner-cut fan-shaped radiation unit 1 and the coaxial conductor 6, and the metal cylinder 15 is added, so that surface waves can be restrained, the corner-cut fan-shaped radiation unit 1 and the microstrip line power division phase shift network are isolated, and meanwhile, the effects of reducing the axial ratio, improving the beam width of the axial ratio and stabilizing the gain are achieved.
Fig. 6 is a simulation result of S11 of the wideband GNSS antenna of the present embodiment, where it can be seen from the figure that the bandwidth of-10 dB of the present embodiment covers 1.09GHz-1.8GHz, the relative impedance bandwidth exceeds 50%, the present GNSS communication frequency band is completely covered, and the return loss exceeds 20dB at 1.575 GHz.
Fig. 7 is an axial ratio characteristic curve of the wideband GNSS antenna of the present embodiment, and it can be seen from the figure that the axial ratio of the embodiment does not exceed 1.5dB within the impedance bandwidth, and the wideband GNSS antenna has excellent high circular polarization characteristic.
Fig. 8 is a simulation result of the gains of the left-hand circular polarization and the right-hand circular polarization of the wideband GNSS antenna according to the present embodiment, and it can be seen from the figure that the gains of the right-hand circular polarization in the impedance bandwidth frequency band are all higher than 5dB and remain stable, and the gains of the left-hand circular polarization in the impedance bandwidth are all less than-16 dB.
Fig. 9 is an axial ratio beamwidth of 1.575GHz, from which it can be seen that the 3-dB axial ratio beamwidth at this frequency exceeds 180 °.
Fig. 10 is an axial ratio beamwidth of 1.175GHz, from which it can be seen that the 3-dB axial ratio beamwidth at this frequency exceeds 160 °.
From the results of fig. 9 and fig. 10, the antenna of the present invention realizes the wide axial ratio beam width in a broadband, and simultaneously, other performances of the antenna are very prominent, so that the antenna has wider axial ratio frequency bandwidth, higher and stable gain, and is worth popularizing.
The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, so variations in shape and principles of the present invention should be covered.
Claims (2)
1. A wide-band GNSS antenna of wide-axis ratio beamwidth, characterized by: the device comprises a chamfer fan-shaped radiation unit, a microstrip line power division phase shift network, a triangle connection unit, a via hole, a feed via hole, a round medium substrate, a disc-shaped floor, a coaxial conductor, a feed coaxial inner conductor and a metal cylinder; the plurality of corner-cut fan-shaped radiation units are distributed above the front surface of the circular medium substrate in a ring-shaped array mode by taking the center of the circular medium substrate as the center and are used for generating circular polarized radiation, and each corner-cut fan-shaped radiation unit is concentric with the center of the circular medium substrate; the microstrip line power division phase shift network is arranged on the back of the circular medium substrate and consists of a flower-shaped microstrip line, a linear microstrip line, a Wilkinson power divider, an isolation resistor, an impedance transformation microstrip line and a matching network regulation branch; the corner-cut fan-shaped radiation unit is connected with the microstrip line power division phase shift network through a triangular connection unit to generate circular polarization, wherein the triangular connection unit is perpendicular to the circular dielectric substrate, and impedance matching of the corner-cut fan-shaped radiation unit and a microstrip line power division phase shift network port is realized through the triangular connection unit; the disc-shaped floor is arranged on the front surface of the circular dielectric substrate, plays a role in reflection and is used for isolating the microstrip line power division phase shift network and the corner-cut fan-shaped radiation unit so as to improve the antenna gain; the edge of the disc-shaped floor is surrounded by a metal cylinder, and the metal cylinder is connected with the disc-shaped floor and has the same height as the corner-cut fan-shaped radiation unit, so that the beam width of the axial ratio is widened and the axial ratio is reduced; the via hole and the feed via hole penetrate through the disc-shaped floor and the circular dielectric substrate, the coaxial conductor penetrates through the via hole to connect the triangular connection unit with the microstrip line power division phase shift network, and the feed coaxial inner conductor penetrates through the feed via hole to feed the antenna; the outer edge of the chamfer fan-shaped radiation unit is close to the metal cylinder, so that the radiation area is increased, and meanwhile, the impedance matching is improved; the radius of the via hole is the same as that of the feed via hole and is larger than that of the coaxial conductor and the feed coaxial inner conductor.
2. A wide-axis-ratio beamwidth wideband GNSS antenna as in claim 1, wherein: the radius of the disc-shaped floor is the same as that of the circular dielectric substrate.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108172984A (en) * | 2017-12-01 | 2018-06-15 | 北京北方联星科技有限公司 | A kind of circular polarized antenna being made of multiple PIFA antennas |
| EP3881393A4 (en) * | 2018-11-16 | 2022-06-29 | Topcon Positioning Systems, Inc. | Compact antenna having three-dimensional multi-segment structure |
| CN109411904B (en) * | 2018-12-11 | 2023-09-19 | 天津七六四通信导航技术有限公司 | Sixteen-array element antenna |
| CN109687116B (en) * | 2019-02-01 | 2024-01-30 | 桂林电子科技大学 | C-band miniaturized broadband wide-beam circularly polarized microstrip antenna |
| CN110752442A (en) * | 2019-10-16 | 2020-02-04 | 西安空间无线电技术研究所 | Wide-beam low-width-angle-to-axis-ratio circularly polarized antenna unit and radiation method thereof |
| CN110690559B (en) * | 2019-10-16 | 2021-04-16 | 北京电子工程总体研究所 | Satellite-borne conformal measurement and control antenna |
| CN115642395B (en) * | 2022-09-29 | 2024-01-02 | 湖南迈克森伟电子科技有限公司 | Antenna unit, antenna array and electronic equipment |
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| CN103490151A (en) * | 2013-08-30 | 2014-01-01 | 大连海事大学 | L-waveband broadband circular polarization micro-strip antenna |
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| CN103490151A (en) * | 2013-08-30 | 2014-01-01 | 大连海事大学 | L-waveband broadband circular polarization micro-strip antenna |
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| Title |
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| 小型宽波束圆极化天线及馈电网络;丁轲佳;吕善伟;张岩;;电波科学学报(第04期);全文 * |
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