CN106703868A - Natural ventilation and natural smoke extraction system for urban road tunnel - Google Patents
Natural ventilation and natural smoke extraction system for urban road tunnel Download PDFInfo
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- CN106703868A CN106703868A CN201610768624.7A CN201610768624A CN106703868A CN 106703868 A CN106703868 A CN 106703868A CN 201610768624 A CN201610768624 A CN 201610768624A CN 106703868 A CN106703868 A CN 106703868A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a natural ventilation and natural smoke extraction system for an urban road tunnel. At the top of the road tunnel, ventilating shafts are arranged at intervals distance L, and each ventilating shaft enables the inner space of the tunnel to be communicated with the upper air outside the tunnel, the longitudinal length along the tunnel of the ventilating shaft at the top is W; a buried section is mounted between two adjacent ventilation shafts, a wedge structure is formed at the top of the buried section, the thickness of the wedge structure means the vertical distance H between the lowest point of the wedge structure and the bottom of the ventilation shaft. The natural ventilation and natural smoke extraction system fully utilizes the traffic wind power and the buoyancy of smoke gas, completely abandons the mechanical ventilation and mechanical smoke extraction scheme, thus saves a great deal of operational energy consumption. The smoke extraction has no flow disturbance caused by a fan in the exhaust process, and the smoke layer structure is stable, thus the exhaust smoke will not diffuse throughout the tunnel. The natural ventilation and natural smoke extraction system is utilized to escape, evacuate and rescue.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to tunnel ventilation technical field, naturally specifically a kind of urban road tunnel gravity-flow ventilation and row
Cigarette system.
Background technology
At present, to alleviate growing urban traffic pressure, city was constructed in some cities using overpass is set up in the past
City's rapid transit passage.By the traffic aisle that overpass is constituted has larger negative shadow for urban landscape, Urban conservation
Ring, while produce larger traffic noise, many cities start selection and build city underground traffic tunnels in recent years.It is contemplated that
With the continuous growth of Forecast of Urban Traffic Flow, the exploitation of the underground space will be greatly reinforced, and this kind of tunnel will constantly continue
Increase.
Subterranean tunnel air ambient solution not only has influence on the structure type in tunnel, more mainly largely
Determine the height of tunnel day-to-day operation cost.It is different from ordinary highway tunnel, shallow embedding formula tunnel is belonged to this kind of city's inner tunnel more
(tunnel top is away from ground about 2~6m), but length of tunnel increasingly increases, in last century the nineties with 200~300 meters of mistake
Based on the short tunnel of street, now then based on zonal passage, length reaches more than 3000 meters.Traditional ventilation settling mode is
Using jet blower force ventilation, but this mode causes that tunnel internal noise is high, and environment is poor, and substantial amounts of operation is consumed again
Electric power.Which kind of mode effectively to solve the problems, such as that the air ambient in this kind of tunnel is Urban Underground Space Excavation application needs using actually
The significant problem for conscientiously solving.
Further, since the flow conditions of the special structure type of vcehicular tunnel and complexity, also for security against fire brings
A series of distinct issues.In recent ten years, the great tunnel fire hazard accident for frequently occurring teaches that although tunnel fire hazard is
Small probability event, but it is once occur and if cannot effectively controlling, by the loss of bringing on a disaster property.Statistics shows,
Because the poisonous and harmful flue gas produced by imperfect combustion is to cause the main factor of personnel death in tunnel fire hazard.Traditional
Method is that mechanical smoke extraction is combined with force ventilation, and longitudinal air flow is formed using blower fan during fire, and flue gas is discharged, but this
Mode can accelerate fire spreading, and, under the disturbance of fan airflow, the hierarchy of flue gas can be destroyed rapidly, and flue gas exists
Tunnel kind diffuses, and lower layer space is full of flue gas, low visibility, rarefaction of air, to escaping and rescuing very unfavorable.China is most of
The long tunnel that oneself builds up employs longitudinal smoke evacuation system of ventilation and smoke evacuation dual-purpose.Come from simulated test situation is checked and accepted
See, its smoke discharging effect is undesirable, and because power of fan is too big, initial fire disaster is put out to fire extinguisher extremely unfavorable shadow
Ring.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is directed to the problem of urban road tunnel ventilation and smoke evacuation, proposes a kind of urban road tunnel
Gravity-flow ventilation and natural draught system system.
The technical scheme is that：
A kind of urban road tunnel gravity-flow ventilation and natural draught system system, at the top of vcehicular tunnel, open every a segment distance L
If be connected for the upper atmosphere in tunnel internal space and tunnel outer by an air shaft, air shaft, the ventilation at top is erected
Well is W along the length of tunnel longitudinal direction；It is secretly to bury section between two neighboring air shaft, wedge-shaped knot is formed on the foregoing top for secretly burying section
Structure, the thickness of wedge structure is the vertical range H of wedge structure minimum point and the bottom of air shaft.
The width of air shaft of the invention is configured according to the width of road surface greenbelt.
Air shaft of the invention is along the length W and the ratio range of tunnel height h of tunnel longitudinal direction：0.5-0.7, it is foregoing
Tunnel height h refer in tunnel road surface to the height for secretly burying section bottom.
Air shaft of the invention is 0.7 along the length W of tunnel longitudinal direction and the ratio of tunnel height.
Under the thickness H and tunnel gravity-flow ventilation efficiency y1 of wedge structure of the invention, tunnel natural draught system efficiency y2 meet
State condition：
Tunnel gravity-flow ventilation efficiency y1, tunnel natural draught system efficiency y2 all in accordance with Tunnel Design index selection, using above-mentioned
Formula calculates the scope of the thickness H of wedge structure when meeting tunnel gravity-flow ventilation efficiency y1 and meets tunnel natural draught system effect
The scope of the thickness H of wedge structure during energy y2, selection meets the thickness H of the wedge structure of both of the aforesaid scope simultaneously.
Y1 is a ratio for natural ventilation rate.When vertical wall is highly zero, ventilation is maximum.Using ventilation now as
Benchmark ventilation.The actual ventilations of y1=/benchmark ventilation, y1 is a nondimensional numerical value, and maximum is 1, is worth bigger table
Bright ventilation effect is better.
The segment length L that secretly buries of the invention is with tunnel natural draught system amount y3, tunnel natural ventilation rate y4 and dimensionless pressure
Y5 meets following formula：
Y3=Exp [(- L/350)3]
Y4=Exp [(- L/600)2]
Wherein, h be in tunnel height i.e. tunnel road surface to the height for secretly burying section bottom, tunnel natural draught system amount y3, tunnel
Natural ventilation rate y4 and dimensionless pressure y5 are all in accordance with Tunnel Design index selection；Calculated using above-mentioned formula and meet tunnel certainly
The scope for secretly burying segment length L during right exhaust smoke level y3, the scope for secretly burying segment length L when meeting tunnel natural ventilation rate y4 and
The scope for secretly burying segment length L when meeting dimensionless pressure y5, what selection met foregoing three scopes simultaneously secretly buries segment length L.
Vehicle is travelled, and malleation can be accumulated at headstock.Assuming that secretly burying a section endless, the malleation of headstock is not released,
It can be gradually increased to a stationary value, and this is referred to as theoretical maximum malleation.Y5 is headstock pressure and theory in actual tunnel
The ratio of maximum positive voltage, is also a dimensionless group.
Beneficial effects of the present invention：
The present invention gives a kind of urban road tunnel gravity-flow ventilation and natural draught system system, and its design calculating side
Method.With the vcehicular tunnel of this programme, gravity-flow ventilation can be carried out using Traffic Wind Force in the case where vehicle normally runs；
During fire, by the structure of itself, contain spreading for flue gas, and collect flue gas, and the buoyancy using flue gas in itself, discharge it
Tunnel.
The present invention makes full use of the buoyancy of Traffic Wind Force and flue gas, and force ventilation and mechanical smoke extraction scheme are abandoned completely, section
About substantial amounts of operation energy consumption.Smoke evacuation process kind does not have the flow field that blower fan causes to disturb, smoke stratification hierarchy stabilization, and flue gas will not be more
Overflow in whole tunnel.Be conducive to escaping, evacuate and rescuing.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is system structure diagram of the invention.
Fig. 2 is system gravity-flow ventilation schematic diagram of the invention.
Fig. 3 is system natural draught system schematic diagram of the invention.
Fig. 4 is the relation schematic diagram of H and L and correlative factor in embodiments of the invention.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
A kind of urban road tunnel gravity-flow ventilation and natural draught system system, at the top of vcehicular tunnel, open every a segment distance L
If be connected for the upper atmosphere in tunnel internal space and tunnel outer by an air shaft 3, air shaft 3, the ventilation at top
Vertical shaft 3 is W along the length of tunnel longitudinal direction；It is secretly to bury section 4 between two neighboring air shaft 3, the foregoing top for secretly burying section 4 is formed
Wedge structure, the thickness of wedge structure is the vertical range H of wedge structure minimum point and the bottom of air shaft 3.
The width of air shaft of the invention 3 is configured according to the width of road surface greenbelt；Air shaft 3 is vertical along tunnel
To length W and the ratio range of tunnel height h be：0.5-0.7, preferably 0.7, foregoing tunnel height h refers to road surface in tunnel
To the height for secretly burying section bottom.
During specific implementation：
As shown in figure 1, when the normal vehicle operation in vcehicular tunnel, the Traffic Wind Force that vehicle movement is produced will be in perforate
Place forms concussive pressure oscillation, so that tunnel internal air is exchanged repeatedly with the external world.It is demonstrated experimentally that tunnel is extraneous
Air after tunnel is inhaled into, in the tunnel under the disturbance of moving vehicle, can be blended with the air of bottom in tunnel.It is this to mix
The mixed gas pollutant concentration that can dilute tunnel bottom, improves the air quality in tunnel.
As shown in Fig. 2 when there is fire in vcehicular tunnel, because tunnel is the space of narrow and small approximate closing, fire
When heat pile up rapidly, combustion intensity is big.And due to deficiency in draught, the flue gas produced by imperfect combustion is to cause personnel death
Main factor.Fire smoke flowing is a kind of complicated buoyancy-driven stream.Flue gas volume inhales surrounding air and forms fire plume.Fire
Plume clashes into tunnel roof, is then spread to surrounding, is finally limited by tunnel-side and is changed into along a maintenance and operation in tunnel
It is dynamic." wedge shape " structure of tunnel top can play a part of the vertical wall of gear cigarette, effectively suppress spreading for flue gas.Additionally, two " wedges
The vertical shaft of shape " structure and its centre will be formed one " collection cigarette funnel ".This funnelform structure can collect the effect of flue gas.And
And, under buoyancy effect, flue gas is discharged from top vertical shaft.Experiment is it has been proved that this structure can significantly suppress the climing of fire smoke
Elongatedness, smoke evacuation is rapid.Smoke evacuation process kind does not have the flow field that blower fan causes to disturb, smoke stratification hierarchy stabilization, and flue gas will not be more
Overflow in whole tunnel, be conducive to escaping, evacuate and rescuing.
During concrete structure design, the thickness H and tunnel gravity-flow ventilation efficiency y1 of wedge structure, tunnel natural draught system efficiency y2
Meet following conditions：
Tunnel gravity-flow ventilation efficiency y1, tunnel natural draught system efficiency y2 all in accordance with Tunnel Design index selection, using above-mentioned
Formula calculates the scope of the thickness H of wedge structure when meeting tunnel gravity-flow ventilation efficiency y1 and meets tunnel natural draught system effect
The scope of the thickness H of wedge structure during energy y2, selection meets the thickness H of the wedge structure of both of the aforesaid scope simultaneously.
Y1 is a ratio for natural ventilation rate.When vertical wall is highly zero, ventilation is maximum.Using ventilation now as
Benchmark ventilation.The actual ventilations of y1=/benchmark ventilation, y1 is a nondimensional numerical value, and maximum is 1, is worth bigger table
Bright ventilation effect is better；
When Tunnel Design requirement：Tunnel gravity-flow ventilation efficiency y1 is more than or equal to 0.6, and tunnel natural draught system efficiency y2 is big
When equal to 0.4, comprehensively meet under so requirement, obtain the altitude range 0.6m-1.2m of vertical wall.
Secretly bury under segment length L and tunnel natural draught system amount y3, tunnel natural ventilation rate y4 and dimensionless pressure y5 meet
State formula：
Y3=Exp [(- L/350)3]
Y4=Exp [(- L/600)2]
Wherein, h be in tunnel height i.e. tunnel road surface to the height for secretly burying section bottom, tunnel natural draught system amount y3, tunnel
Natural ventilation rate y4 and dimensionless pressure y5 are all in accordance with Tunnel Design index selection；Calculated using above-mentioned formula and meet tunnel certainly
The scope for secretly burying segment length L during right exhaust smoke level y3, the scope for secretly burying segment length L when meeting tunnel natural ventilation rate y4 and
The scope for secretly burying segment length L when meeting dimensionless pressure y5, what selection met foregoing three scopes simultaneously secretly buries segment length L.
Vehicle is travelled, and malleation can be accumulated at headstock.Assuming that secretly burying a section endless, the malleation of headstock is not released,
It can be gradually increased to a stationary value, and this is referred to as theoretical maximum malleation.Y5 is headstock pressure and theory in actual tunnel
The ratio of maximum positive voltage, is also a dimensionless group.
When Tunnel Design requirement：Tunnel natural draught system amount y3>0.7, and tunnel natural ventilation rate y4>0.3, dimensionless pressure
Power y5>When 0.95, comprehensive to meet under so requirement, the span for obtaining L is 200m-350m.
Part that the present invention does not relate to is same as the prior art or can be realized using prior art.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of urban road tunnel gravity-flow ventilation and natural draught system system, it is characterized in that：At the top of vcehicular tunnel, every one section
An air shaft (3) is opened up apart from L, be connected for the upper atmosphere in tunnel internal space and tunnel outer by air shaft (3),
The air shaft (3) at top is W along the length of tunnel longitudinal direction；It is secretly to bury section (4) between two neighboring air shaft (3), it is foregoing
Wedge structure is formed on the top for secretly burying section (4), and the thickness of wedge structure is the bottom of wedge structure minimum point and air shaft (3)
Vertical range H.
2. urban road tunnel gravity-flow ventilation according to claim 1 and natural draught system system, it is characterized in that described is logical
The width of wind vertical shaft (3) is configured according to the width of road surface greenbelt.
3. urban road tunnel gravity-flow ventilation according to claim 1 and natural draught system system, it is characterized in that described is logical
Wind vertical shaft (3) is along the length W and the ratio range of tunnel height h of tunnel longitudinal direction：0.5-0.7, foregoing tunnel height h refers to tunnel
Road surface is to the height for secretly burying section bottom in road.
4. urban road tunnel gravity-flow ventilation according to claim 3 and natural draught system system, it is characterized in that, air shaft
(3) it is 0.7 along the length W of tunnel longitudinal direction and the ratio of tunnel height.
5. urban road tunnel gravity-flow ventilation according to claim 1 and natural draught system system, it is characterized in that, described wedge
The thickness H and tunnel gravity-flow ventilation efficiency y1 of shape structure, tunnel natural draught system efficiency y2 meet following conditions：
Tunnel gravity-flow ventilation efficiency y1, tunnel natural draught system efficiency y2 all in accordance with Tunnel Design index selection, using above-mentioned formula
The scope of the thickness H of wedge structure of calculating when meeting tunnel gravity-flow ventilation efficiency y1 and meet tunnel natural draught system efficiency y2
When wedge structure thickness H scope, selection simultaneously meet both of the aforesaid scope wedge structure thickness H.
6. urban road tunnel gravity-flow ventilation according to claim 1 and natural draught system system, it is characterized in that, described is dark
Bury segment length L and meet following formula with tunnel natural draught system amount y3, tunnel natural ventilation rate y4 and dimensionless pressure y5：
Y3=Exp [(- L/350)3]
Y4=Exp [(- L/600)2]
Wherein, h be in tunnel height i.e. tunnel road surface to the height for secretly burying section bottom, tunnel natural draught system amount y3, tunnel nature
Ventilation y4 and dimensionless pressure y5 are all in accordance with Tunnel Design index selection；Meet tunnel using above-mentioned formula calculating to arrange naturally
The scope for secretly burying segment length L during smoke y3, the scope and satisfaction of secretly burying segment length L when meeting tunnel natural ventilation rate y4
The scope for secretly burying segment length L during dimensionless pressure y5, what selection met foregoing three scopes simultaneously secretly buries segment length L.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201610768624.7A CN106703868A (en) | 2016-08-29 | 2016-08-29 | Natural ventilation and natural smoke extraction system for urban road tunnel |
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| CN201610768624.7A CN106703868A (en) | 2016-08-29 | 2016-08-29 | Natural ventilation and natural smoke extraction system for urban road tunnel |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108915753A (en) * | 2018-08-09 | 2018-11-30 | 桂林航天工业学院 | The short-track length bounding method in tunnel for Extra-long Highway Tunnel circulating ventilation system |
| CN108915752A (en) * | 2018-08-09 | 2018-11-30 | 湖南科技大学 | Extra-long Highway Tunnel open circulation ventilation divides wind to determine method than number maximum |
| CN109026114A (en) * | 2018-08-09 | 2018-12-18 | 湖南科技大学 | Downstream tunnels length bounding method for the Extra-long Highway Tunnel closed system of ventilation |
| CN109083672A (en) * | 2018-08-09 | 2018-12-25 | 桂林航天工业学院 | Upstream tunnels length bounding method for Extra-long Highway Tunnel circulating ventilation system |
| CN110185487A (en) * | 2019-07-04 | 2019-08-30 | 中国铁路设计集团有限公司 | A kind of rail traffic Shallow-Embedded Under-Ground station public area natural ventilation smoke system |
| CN111027176A (en) * | 2019-11-07 | 2020-04-17 | 武汉科技大学 | Method for calculating flue gas countercurrent length of tunnel side-direction key smoke discharge fire |
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108915753A (en) * | 2018-08-09 | 2018-11-30 | 桂林航天工业学院 | The short-track length bounding method in tunnel for Extra-long Highway Tunnel circulating ventilation system |
| CN108915752A (en) * | 2018-08-09 | 2018-11-30 | 湖南科技大学 | Extra-long Highway Tunnel open circulation ventilation divides wind to determine method than number maximum |
| CN109026114A (en) * | 2018-08-09 | 2018-12-18 | 湖南科技大学 | Downstream tunnels length bounding method for the Extra-long Highway Tunnel closed system of ventilation |
| CN109083672A (en) * | 2018-08-09 | 2018-12-25 | 桂林航天工业学院 | Upstream tunnels length bounding method for Extra-long Highway Tunnel circulating ventilation system |
| CN108915752B (en) * | 2018-08-09 | 2019-09-17 | 湖南科技大学 | Extra-long Highway Tunnel open circulation ventilation divides wind to determine method than number maximum |
| CN109083672B (en) * | 2018-08-09 | 2019-11-12 | 桂林航天工业学院 | Upstream tunnels length bounding method for Extra-long Highway Tunnel circulating ventilation system |
| CN109026114B (en) * | 2018-08-09 | 2019-12-06 | 湖南科技大学 | downstream tunnel length extreme value determination method for closed ventilation system of extra-long highway tunnel |
| CN110185487A (en) * | 2019-07-04 | 2019-08-30 | 中国铁路设计集团有限公司 | A kind of rail traffic Shallow-Embedded Under-Ground station public area natural ventilation smoke system |
| CN111027176A (en) * | 2019-11-07 | 2020-04-17 | 武汉科技大学 | Method for calculating flue gas countercurrent length of tunnel side-direction key smoke discharge fire |
| CN111027176B (en) * | 2019-11-07 | 2023-04-25 | 武汉科技大学 | Calculation method for smoke countercurrent length of tunnel lateral key smoke discharging fire |
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