CN106689000A - Crayfish shelling period management method - Google Patents

Crayfish shelling period management method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106689000A
CN106689000A CN201611081948.XA CN201611081948A CN106689000A CN 106689000 A CN106689000 A CN 106689000A CN 201611081948 A CN201611081948 A CN 201611081948A CN 106689000 A CN106689000 A CN 106689000A
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China
Prior art keywords
parts
shell
cray
water
feed
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
郭强
刘红
郭飞
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Bengbu City 's Agricultural Science And Technology Co Ltd
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Bengbu City 's Agricultural Science And Technology Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201611081948.XA priority Critical patent/CN106689000A/en
Publication of CN106689000A publication Critical patent/CN106689000A/en
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
    • Y02A40/818Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures

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Abstract

The invention relates to the field of aquaculture and discloses a crayfish shelling period management method. The management method divides the crayfish shelling period into four stages including a shelling interval stage, a shelling earlier stage, a shelling stage and a shelling anaphase stage. According to the different stages, corresponding measures are taken distinctively, which can guarantee success of the crayfish shelling. The acquired crayfish is even in a head and a body, bright and smooth in the shell, big in the body size, strong in vitality, and tight in a commissural inter-space between the crayfish head and the body. According to the management method, production is improved by 35.6%, the death rate is reduced by 27.8%, and economic benefit is increased by 40.2%.

Description

A kind of shell period management method of cray
Technical field
The present invention relates to aquaculture field, and in particular to a kind of shell period management method of cray.
Background technology
Cray, also referred to as Procambius clarkii, red crayfish and freshwater crayfish.Likeness in form shrimp and crust is hard.Adult is about 5.6 ~ 11.9 centimetres, kermesinus, the nearly black in crust part, belly back side has a wedge-shaped striped.Juvenile prawn body is uniform grey, sometimes Tool black ripple.Chela is long and narrow.Crust middle part is not separated by areola, substantially has particle on crust.Volume sword has gemmule or volume Sword end has indentation.It is economic freshwater shrimps, because meat flavour is delicious wide popular to people.Because of its omnivorousness, fast growth, adaptation Ability forms absolute competitive advantage in local environment by force.Its ingest scope including pasture and water, algae, aquatic insect, Spoil etc., food is also killed each other when deficient scarce.Cray has become Important Economic breed variety in China in recent years, small The survival ability of lobster is very strong, and except Asia, Europe And Africa is also its home, therefore becomes world-class cuisines. In Europe, Africa, Australia, Canada, New Zealand and the U.S., someone eat, and the Louisiana State in the U.S. is known as life In the world 90% cray has been produced, and locals has just eaten therein seventy percent.Cray " success " worldwide, removes But the advantage in some forms and habit, must be partly due to its tolerance to pollution environment.It is right in scientific research Pollutant is very sensitive, or the biology for tolerating very much, is frequently used as environment whether there is the instruction biology being contaminated.Cray because Build is bigger than other Freshwater shrimps, and meat is also relatively more, because delicious meat, is made into various cookings, including illustrious has The spicy cray of name(Numb children)Deng, all it is common meal, receive universal welcome.Especially to summer, cray Supply falls short of demand for yield, and 1 jin of cray just sells for 50-80 units, and profitable opportunity, many aquatic products are cultivated in face of cray Sight has been surrendered cray cultivation by raiser, however the cray generally existing propagated artificially on Vehicles Collected from Market the bodily form inclined Small, head body is uneven, and unsound, the problem that crust is hard, gap is big is developed in step, and this is because cray is changing shell period management not When what is caused, not only cause cray poor quality, the problem that yield declines caused by shell is unsuccessful there is also mutually residual The phenomenon of food, inducing a series of diseases, therefore strengthen shell period management becomes particularly important.
The content of the invention
In order to solve the problems, such as to there is currently, the invention provides a kind of shell period management method of cray.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
A kind of shell period management method of cray, phase, shell early stage, shell phase, shell later stage four between cray shell In the stage, corresponding measure is taken respectively, comprise the following steps:
(1)The phase between cray shell, by lower water temperature to 27-30 DEG C, the temperature can improve cray physical efficiency eclosion hormone Content, increase feedstuff feeding amount to original 1.3-1.5 times, largely taking in feeds can help the cray to carry out energy matter It is that shell carries out sufficient material preparation with the accumulation of trace element, phagostimulant is added in feed, addition accounts for feed ingredient 1-1.5%, the phagostimulant consists of the following composition in parts by weight:TMAO 10-12 parts, dimethyl-β-propionic acid thiophene Booth 8-10 parts, diallyl disulphide 7-9 parts, ferulic acid 5-7 parts, alanine 4-7 parts, cystine 3-5 Part, glycine 3-5 parts, guanylic acid 2-4 parts, inosinicacid 2.5-3.5 parts, the phagostimulant improves the palatability of feed, makes small dragon Shrimp food ration increases, and has significant food calling and growth-promoting effect, and substantially reduce the time of ingesting so that the shell time tends to Unanimously;
(2)In cray shell early stage, shell phase, by lower water temperature to 25-28 DEG C, the alternating temperature of certain amplitude plays early warning work With, cray shell speed can be accelerated, after cray stops ingesting, feed is no longer fed, inject new water, the small dragon of shell phase Shrimp needs to draw substantial amounts of water, keeps water quality totally to prevent cray bacteria infection, is delivered in water body and promotees shell agent, should Promote shell agent to be made up of following raw material in parts by weight:Windproof 12-15 parts, radix cyathulae 11-14 parts, rhizome of chuanxiong 11-13 parts, great Sha Leaf 10-13 parts, selfheal 9-13 parts, 9-12 parts of toad grass, daghestan sweetclover herb 9-11 parts, bitter 8-11 parts of the courage in ground, tuber of pinellia 7-9 parts, promote to slough off Contain substantial amounts of phytosterol class compound in shell agent, shell can be accelerated and promote growth, and shell synchronism substantially to increase, And to pasture and water are increased in pond, light is both reduced, and the environment of comfortable safety is created for cray, pasture and water coverage rate reaches 70-80%, keeps quiet around waters, prevents from leading shell due to scaring unsuccessful;
(3)In the cray shell later stage, water temperature is gradually reverted into normal temperature, remove water surface floating grass, increase light application time, extended to 10-12 hours, promote growing for new shell, beginning feeds feed on a small quantity, after cray is from the latent upper water surface of bottom of pond, enough throwings Feeding material, supplements in feed and largely contains calcium component, makes the seam crossing tighter gap of shrimp head and trunk.
Further described as to such scheme, the rush shell agent preparation method is:
(1)The raw material of above-mentioned weight portion is crushed to 80-100 purposes powdered, is put into after mixing in extractor, add 500- 600 times of water of volume, soak 12-15 hours, every stirring in 1 hour once;
(2)Soak is heated to 100 DEG C, is extracted 10 hours, filtrate is collected by filtration, the remaining dregs of a decoction are added into 400-500 Extracted 12 hours at 120 DEG C of the water of times volume, filtrate is collected by filtration;
(3)The filtrate for obtaining will twice be collected to merge, the 40-50% that original volume is concentrated under reduced pressure at 50-60 DEG C is obtained final product.
Further described as to such scheme, the rush shell agent usage amount is that every cubic metre of waters is blended into 20-25 Milliliter.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:The present invention by the cray shell cycle be divided between shell the phase, shell early stage, the shell phase, Shell later stage four-stage, takes corresponding measure for different phase respectively, it is ensured that cray shell success, the cray for obtaining Head body is uniform, shell is bright and slide, build is big, energetic, the seam crossing tighter gap of shrimp head and trunk, by output increased 35.6%, the death rate reduces 27.8%, increased 40.2% economic well-being of workers and staff.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
A kind of shell period management method of cray, phase, shell early stage, shell phase, shell later stage four between cray shell In the stage, corresponding measure is taken respectively, comprise the following steps:
(1)The phase between cray shell, by lower water temperature to 27 DEG C, the temperature can improve containing for cray physical efficiency eclosion hormone Amount, increases feedstuff feeding amount to original 1.3 times, and a large amount of intake feeds can help the cray to carry out energy matter and micro unit The accumulation of element, is that shell carries out sufficient material preparation, and phagostimulant is added in feed, and addition accounts for the 1% of feed ingredient, should Phagostimulant is consisted of the following composition in parts by weight:10 parts of TMAO, 8 parts of dimethyl-β-DMPT, diallyl 7 parts of disulfide, 5 parts of ferulic acid, 4 parts of alanine, 3 parts of cystine, 3 parts of glycine, 2 parts of guanylic acid, flesh 2.5 parts of thuja acid, the phagostimulant improves the palatability of feed, increases cray food ration, there is significant food calling and growth promotion Effect, and substantially reduce the time of ingesting so that the shell time reaches unanimity;
(2)In cray shell early stage, shell phase, by lower water temperature to 25 DEG C, the alternating temperature of certain amplitude plays forewarning function, can To accelerate cray shell speed, after cray stops ingesting, feed is no longer fed, inject new water, the cray of shell phase needs Substantial amounts of water is drawn, keeps water quality totally to prevent cray bacteria infection, delivered in water body and promote shell agent, the rush is sloughed off Shell agent is made up of following raw material in parts by weight:Windproof 12 parts, 11 parts of radix cyathulae, 11 parts of rhizome of chuanxiong, 10 parts of great Sha leaves, selfheal 9 parts, 9 parts of toad grass, 9 parts of daghestan sweetclover herb, bitter 8 parts of the courage in ground, 7 parts of the tuber of pinellia, promote to contain substantial amounts of phytosterol class chemical combination in shell agent Thing, can accelerate shell and promote growth, and shell synchronism substantially to increase, and to pasture and water are increased in pond, both reduce light, The environment of comfortable safety is created for cray again, pasture and water coverage rate reaches 70%, keep quiet around waters, prevented due to frightened Frighten and to lead shell unsuccessful;
(3)In the cray shell later stage, water temperature is gradually reverted into normal temperature, remove water surface floating grass, increase light application time, extended to 10 hours, promote growing for new shell, beginning feeds feed on a small quantity, it is enough to feed after cray is from the latent upper water surface of bottom of pond Feed, supplements in feed and largely contains calcium component, makes the seam crossing tighter gap of shrimp head and trunk.
Further described as to such scheme, the rush shell agent preparation method is:
(1)The raw material of above-mentioned weight portion is crushed to 80 purposes powdered, is put into after mixing in extractor, add 500 times of bodies Long-pending water, soaks 12 hours, every stirring in 1 hour once;
(2)Soak is heated to 100 DEG C, is extracted 10 hours, filtrate is collected by filtration, the remaining dregs of a decoction are added into 400 times of bodies Extracted 12 hours at 120 DEG C long-pending of water, filtrate is collected by filtration;
(3)The filtrate for obtaining will twice be collected to merge, 40% that original volume is concentrated under reduced pressure at 50 DEG C is obtained final product.
Further described as to such scheme, the rush shell agent usage amount is that every cubic metre of waters is blended into 20 millis Rise.
Embodiment 2
A kind of shell period management method of cray, phase, shell early stage, shell phase, shell later stage four between cray shell In the stage, corresponding measure is taken respectively, comprise the following steps:
(1)The phase between cray shell, by lower water temperature to 28 DEG C, the temperature can improve containing for cray physical efficiency eclosion hormone Amount, increases feedstuff feeding amount to original 1.4 times, and a large amount of intake feeds can help the cray to carry out energy matter and micro unit The accumulation of element, is that shell carries out sufficient material preparation, and phagostimulant is added in feed, and addition accounts for the 1.3% of feed ingredient, The phagostimulant is consisted of the following composition in parts by weight:11 parts of TMAO, 9 parts of dimethyl-β-DMPT, two allyls 8 parts of base disulfide, 6 parts of ferulic acid, 5 parts of alanine, 4 parts of cystine, 4 parts of glycine, 3 parts of guanylic acid, 3.0 parts of inosinicacid, the phagostimulant improves the palatability of feed, increases cray food ration, there is significant food calling and growth-promoting Effect long, and substantially reduce the time of ingesting so that the shell time reaches unanimity;
(2)In cray shell early stage, shell phase, by lower water temperature to 26 DEG C, the alternating temperature of certain amplitude plays forewarning function, can To accelerate cray shell speed, after cray stops ingesting, feed is no longer fed, inject new water, the cray of shell phase needs Substantial amounts of water is drawn, keeps water quality totally to prevent cray bacteria infection, delivered in water body and promote shell agent, the rush is sloughed off Shell agent is made up of following raw material in parts by weight:Windproof 13 parts, 12 parts of radix cyathulae, 12 parts of rhizome of chuanxiong, 11 parts of great Sha leaves, selfheal 11 parts, 10 parts of toad grass, 10 parts of daghestan sweetclover herb, bitter 9 parts of the courage in ground, 8 parts of the tuber of pinellia, promote to contain substantial amounts of phytosterol class in shell agent Compound, can accelerate shell and promote growth, and shell synchronism substantially to increase, and to pasture and water are increased in pond, both reduce light Line, and the environment of comfortable safety is created for cray, pasture and water coverage rate reaches 75%, keeps quiet around waters, prevent due to Frighten and to lead shell unsuccessful;
(3)In the cray shell later stage, water temperature is gradually reverted into normal temperature, remove water surface floating grass, increase light application time, extended to 11 hours, promote growing for new shell, beginning feeds feed on a small quantity, it is enough to feed after cray is from the latent upper water surface of bottom of pond Feed, supplements in feed and largely contains calcium component, makes the seam crossing tighter gap of shrimp head and trunk.
Further described as to such scheme, the rush shell agent preparation method is:
(1)The raw material of above-mentioned weight portion is crushed to 90 purposes powdered, is put into after mixing in extractor, add 550 times of bodies Long-pending water, soaks 13 hours, every stirring in 1 hour once;
(2)Soak is heated to 100 DEG C, is extracted 10 hours, filtrate is collected by filtration, the remaining dregs of a decoction are added into 450 times of bodies Extracted 12 hours at 120 DEG C long-pending of water, filtrate is collected by filtration;
(3)The filtrate for obtaining will twice be collected to merge, 45% that original volume is concentrated under reduced pressure at 55 DEG C is obtained final product.
Further described as to such scheme, the rush shell agent usage amount is that every cubic metre of waters is blended into 22 millis Rise.
Embodiment 3
A kind of shell period management method of cray, phase, shell early stage, shell phase, shell later stage four between cray shell In the stage, corresponding measure is taken respectively, comprise the following steps:
(1)The phase between cray shell, by lower water temperature to 30 DEG C, the temperature can improve containing for cray physical efficiency eclosion hormone Amount, increases feedstuff feeding amount to original 1.5 times, and a large amount of intake feeds can help the cray to carry out energy matter and micro unit The accumulation of element, is that shell carries out sufficient material preparation, and phagostimulant is added in feed, and addition accounts for the 1.5% of feed ingredient, The phagostimulant is consisted of the following composition in parts by weight:12 parts of TMAO, 10 parts of dimethyl-β-DMPT, diene 9 parts of dipropyl disulfide, 7 parts of ferulic acid, 7 parts of alanine, 5 parts of cystine, 5 parts of glycine, guanylic acid 4 Part, 3.5 parts of inosinicacid, the phagostimulant improves the palatability of feed, increases cray food ration, there is significant food calling and rush Growth result, and substantially reduce the time of ingesting so that the shell time reaches unanimity;
(2)In cray shell early stage, shell phase, by lower water temperature to 28 DEG C, the alternating temperature of certain amplitude plays forewarning function, can To accelerate cray shell speed, after cray stops ingesting, feed is no longer fed, inject new water, the cray of shell phase needs Substantial amounts of water is drawn, keeps water quality totally to prevent cray bacteria infection, delivered in water body and promote shell agent, the rush is sloughed off Shell agent is made up of following raw material in parts by weight:Windproof 15 parts, 14 parts of radix cyathulae, 13 parts of rhizome of chuanxiong, 13 parts of great Sha leaves, selfheal 13 parts, 12 parts of toad grass, 11 parts of daghestan sweetclover herb, bitter 11 parts of the courage in ground, 9 parts of the tuber of pinellia, promote to contain substantial amounts of phytosterol class in shell agent Compound, can accelerate shell and promote growth, and shell synchronism substantially to increase, and to pasture and water are increased in pond, both reduce Light, and the environment of comfortable safety is created for cray, pasture and water coverage rate reaches 80%, keeps quiet around waters, prevent by It is unsuccessful shell to be led in scaring;
(3)In the cray shell later stage, water temperature is gradually reverted into normal temperature, remove water surface floating grass, increase light application time, extended to 12 hours, promote growing for new shell, beginning feeds feed on a small quantity, it is enough to feed after cray is from the latent upper water surface of bottom of pond Feed, supplements in feed and largely contains calcium component, makes the seam crossing tighter gap of shrimp head and trunk.
Further described as to such scheme, the rush shell agent preparation method is:
(1)The raw material of above-mentioned weight portion is crushed to 100 purposes powdered, is put into after mixing in extractor, add 600 times of bodies Long-pending water, soaks 15 hours, every stirring in 1 hour once;
(2)Soak is heated to 100 DEG C, is extracted 10 hours, filtrate is collected by filtration, the remaining dregs of a decoction are added into 500 times of bodies Extracted 12 hours at 120 DEG C long-pending of water, filtrate is collected by filtration;
(3)The filtrate for obtaining will twice be collected to merge, 50% that original volume is concentrated under reduced pressure at 60 DEG C is obtained final product.
Further described as to such scheme, the rush shell agent usage amount is that every cubic metre of waters is blended into 25 millis Rise.
Check experiment
Check experiment is carried out in the cray cultivation of Bengbu fisherman's song agricultural science and technology Co., Ltd, will change the shell busy season with a collection of Cray 4000 is only divided into 4 groups, first three groups using embodiment the management by methods shell phase, and the 4th group as a control group, The shell element that mass percent is 0.1% is added in feed, irrelevant variable is consistent, such as following table institute after result of the test is counted Show:
It is can be found that by contrast:The management method of the cray shell phase that the present invention is provided has obtained good verification the verifying results, The yield of cray is not only increased, quality is also improved, on the sync rates of the cray shell that present invention management is obtained are obvious Rise, the probability killed each other during such shell just declines, survival rate increased 27.8% than control group, and simply use artificial conjunction Into shell element can not reach significant effect.

Claims (3)

1. a kind of shell period management method of cray, it is characterised in that between cray shell the phase, shell early stage, the shell phase, Shell later stage four-stage, takes corresponding measure respectively, comprises the following steps:
(1)The phase between cray shell, by lower water temperature to 27-30 DEG C, increase feedstuff feeding amount to original 1.3-1.5 times, Phagostimulant is added in feed, addition accounts for the 1-1.5% of feed ingredient, and the phagostimulant is in parts by weight by following component group Into:TMAO 10-12 parts, dimethyl-β-DMPT 8-10 parts, diallyl disulphide 7-9 parts, 3- methoxyl groups -4- Hydroxycinnamic acid 5-7 parts, alanine 4-7 parts, cystine 3-5 parts, glycine 3-5 parts, guanylic acid 2-4 parts, inosinicacid 2.5-3.5 Part;
(2)In cray shell early stage, shell phase, lower water temperature to 25-28 DEG C after cray stops ingesting, no longer feeds Feed, injects new water, is delivered in water body and promotees shell agent, and the rush shell agent is made up of following raw material in parts by weight:It is windproof 12-15 parts, radix cyathulae 11-14 parts, rhizome of chuanxiong 11-13 parts, 10-13 parts of great Sha leaves, selfheal 9-13 parts, 9-12 parts of toad grass, ward off 9-11 parts of sweat grass, bitter 8-11 part of the courage in ground, tuber of pinellia 7-9 parts, and to pasture and water are increased in pond, pasture and water coverage rate reaches 70-80%, holding It is quiet around waters;
(3)In the cray shell later stage, water temperature is gradually reverted into normal temperature, remove water surface floating grass, increase light application time, extended to 10-12 hours, beginning fed feed on a small quantity, enough to feed feed after cray is from the latent upper water surface of bottom of pond, was supplemented in feed Largely contain calcium component.
2. a kind of shell period management method of cray according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the rush shell agent system Preparation Method is:
(1)The raw material of above-mentioned weight portion is crushed to 80-100 purposes powdered, is put into after mixing in extractor, add 500- 600 times of water of volume, soak 12-15 hours, every stirring in 1 hour once;
(2)Soak is heated to 100 DEG C, is extracted 10 hours, filtrate is collected by filtration, the remaining dregs of a decoction are added into 400-500 Extracted 12 hours at 120 DEG C of the water of times volume, filtrate is collected by filtration;
(3)The filtrate for obtaining will twice be collected to merge, the 40-50% that original volume is concentrated under reduced pressure at 50-60 DEG C is obtained final product.
3. the shell period management method of a kind of cray according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the rush shell agent makes Consumption is that every cubic metre of waters is blended into 20-25 milliliters.
CN201611081948.XA 2016-11-30 2016-11-30 Crayfish shelling period management method Pending CN106689000A (en)

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Cited By (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107981097A (en) * 2017-11-25 2018-05-04 广州智龙生物科技有限公司 Promote the nutrient and its preparation and application of aquatic crustacean health
CN108740354A (en) * 2018-06-05 2018-11-06 江西省农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所 A kind of anti-Crowding Stress feed addictive of cray and preparation method
CN113854212A (en) * 2021-10-29 2021-12-31 海南归耘田农业科技有限公司 Directional cultivation method for crayfish seedlings

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CN103583803A (en) * 2013-10-17 2014-02-19 蚌埠市丰牧牛羊肉制品有限责任公司 Feed for penaeus vannamei at shelling period and preparation method thereof
CN106135759A (en) * 2016-08-19 2016-11-23 广西正五海洋产业股份有限公司 A kind of shelling phase prawn culturing special feed formula

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107981097A (en) * 2017-11-25 2018-05-04 广州智龙生物科技有限公司 Promote the nutrient and its preparation and application of aquatic crustacean health
CN107981097B (en) * 2017-11-25 2021-07-09 广东渔赞臣生物科技有限公司 Nutrient for promoting health of crustacean of aquatic crustacean, and preparation and application methods thereof
CN108740354A (en) * 2018-06-05 2018-11-06 江西省农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所 A kind of anti-Crowding Stress feed addictive of cray and preparation method
CN108740354B (en) * 2018-06-05 2021-07-06 江西省农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所 Crayfish crowding stress resistant feed additive and preparation method thereof
CN113854212A (en) * 2021-10-29 2021-12-31 海南归耘田农业科技有限公司 Directional cultivation method for crayfish seedlings

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