CN106680831B - Laser is actively concerned with balance detection polarization analysis instrument - Google Patents

Laser is actively concerned with balance detection polarization analysis instrument Download PDF

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CN106680831B
CN106680831B CN201710050054.2A CN201710050054A CN106680831B CN 106680831 B CN106680831 B CN 106680831B CN 201710050054 A CN201710050054 A CN 201710050054A CN 106680831 B CN106680831 B CN 106680831B
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laser
polarization
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CN106680831A (en
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许倩
孙建锋
周煜
卢智勇
侯培培
李光远
劳陈哲
刘立人
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Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics of CAS
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    • G—PHYSICS
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    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
    • G01S17/88—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S17/89—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging

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Abstract

A kind of laser is actively concerned with balance detection polarization analysis instrument, including module, optical transmitting antenna, echo reception optical antenna, echo polarization splitting prism, horizontal vibration processing module, vertical vibration processing module and data processor occur for laser, local oscillator light spectral module, polarization state；The local oscillator light spectral module includes the first Amici prism, the second Amici prism, the first half-wave plate and the second half-wave plate；The horizontal vibration processing module includes the one 90 ° of 2 × 4 space light bridges, the first left channel balance receiver, the first right channel balance receiver and the first multiple digitizer；The vertical vibration processing module includes the 2nd 90 ° of 2 × 4 space light bridges, the second left channel balance receiver, the second right channel balance receiver and the second multiple digitizer.The present invention has the characteristics that receiving sensitivity is high, detectivity is strong, signal-to-noise ratio is high, operating distance range is wide, is the important technology improvement that active illumination obtains target polarization information.

Description

Laser is actively concerned with balance detection polarization analysis instrument
Technical field
The present invention relates to the measurements of target polarization reflection characteristic, more particularly, to one kind based on 90 ° of 2 × 4 spatial light bridge joint The laser of device is actively concerned with balance detection polarization analysis instrument.
Background technique
Active polarization Detection Techniques using laser as lighting source become the hot spot studied both at home and abroad in recent years, pass through The change that target reflection retrodeviates polarization state calculates its Mueller matrix, the spies such as analysis target reflecting light intensity, degree of polarization, depolarization Property, and then the characteristic of available target itself.Traditional Polarization Detection system often by the way of direct detection, is applied more In industrial detection and field of medical biotechnology.And remote sensing and military target identification field to the sensitivity of system, detectivity, The requirements such as signal-to-noise ratio greatly improve, and the mode of direct detection has stronger apart from limitation, therefore carry out the relevant balance of polarization state Detection Techniques have very important significance.
In advanced technology [(1) Tyo J Scott, Goldstein Dennis L, Chenault David B, et al.Review of passive imaging polarimetry for remote sensing applications[J] .Applied Optics,2006,45(22):5453-5469；(2) Wang Xia, Zhang Mingyang, Chen Zhenyue visit Xiao Feng, Jin Weiqi master System architecture overviewfig [J] of dynamic polarization imaging is infrared with laser engineering .2013,42 (8): in 2244~2251], introduces respectively The development of active polarization imaging technique analyzes the basic principle and structure composition of active polarization imaging, gives several allusion quotations The technical solution of the active polarization imaging system structure of type simultaneously analyzes its advantage and disadvantage.These imaging systems are all made of traditional direct Detection mode detects whole stokes parameters, therefore these devices cannot achieve highly sensitive full Stokes ginseng Measurement demand.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome the above-mentioned prior art, provide a kind of based on 90 ° of 2 × 4 spatial light bridge joint The laser of device is actively concerned with balance detection polarization analysis instrument.Due to taking the method for optics balance detection while obtaining carrying mesh The real and imaginary parts of polarization information echo-signal are marked, therefore system is high with receiving sensitivity, detectivity is strong, signal-to-noise ratio is high, The wide feature of operating distance range is the important technology improvement that active illumination obtains target polarization information.
The principle of the present invention is:
Actively emit a series of objective plane at a certain distance from laser irradiations with different polarization states arrive, chooses one Distribution penetrates laser as local oscillator laser beam.In receiving end, the echo-signal for carrying target polarization information passes through polarization beam apparatus It is divided into the oscillating component of horizontal and vertical two polarization states, 90 ° of 2 × 4 space light bridge is respectively adopted and two-way balance connects The optical heterodyne device of receipts carries out optical heterodyne balance reception to the echo-signal light of two-way difference oscillating component, respectively obtains Two-way phase has the outer spill current real number signal of 90 ° of phase shifts, and merges into complex signal by digital complex numbersization processing, thus Obtain carrying the horizontal polarization echo-signal and vertical polarization echo-signal of target polarization information.Target is described with Stokes vector The polarization information of echo light field, and operation obtains carrying the Mueller matrix of target polarization information on this basis, it is final to obtain The polarization characteristic of object to be measured.
Technical solution of the invention is as follows:
One kind is actively concerned with balance detection polarization analysis instrument based on the laser of 90 ° of 2 × 4 space light bridge, and feature exists In, including laser, local oscillator light spectral module, polarization state occur module, optical transmitting antenna, echo reception optical antenna, return Wave polarization Amici prism, horizontal vibration processing module, vertical vibration processing module and data processor；
The local oscillator light spectral module includes the first Amici prism, the second Amici prism, the first half-wave plate and the second half Wave plate；
The horizontal vibration processing module includes the one 90 ° of 2 × 4 space light bridges, the first left channel balance reception The multiple digitizer of machine, the first right channel balance receiver and first；
The vertical vibration processing module includes the 2nd 90 ° of 2 × 4 space light bridges, the second left channel balance reception The multiple digitizer of machine, the second right channel balance receiver and second；
It is successively the local oscillator light spectral module, polarization state generation mould on the laser output primary optical axis of the laser Block and optical transmitting antenna, for the laser of laser transmitting through the first Amici prism beam splitting, a part transmitting light beam enters polarization state Module occurs, and is irradiated to target surface by optical transmitting antenna；Another part passes through the second Amici prism beam splitting, Yi Shujing First half-wave plate forms the local oscillator laser beam in horizontal vibration direction in the first exit end, and another beam is through the second half-wave plate second The local oscillator laser beam in exit end formation vertical vibration direction；
It is irradiated to transmitting light beam on target surface after reflection, the echo beam for carrying target polarization information enters institute The echo reception optical antenna stated is injected echo polarization splitting prism, is polarized through echo after echo reception optical antenna shrink beam Amici prism is divided into two beams, and a branch of target echo light beam for forming horizontal vibration direction in the first exit end, another beam are second The target echo light beam in exit end formation vertical vibration direction；
The local oscillator laser beam in the horizontal vibration direction and the target echo light beam in the horizontal vibration direction point It is not input to the one 90 ° of 2 × 4 space light bridges, generating by the one 90 ° of 2 × 4 space light bridges successively has 90 ° of phases Four road light beams of potential difference export, and wherein 180 ° of two-way phase shift of light beam carries out photodetection change by the first left channel balance receiver At left channel real number signal, and it is further converted to left channel digital signal；In addition 180 ° of two-way phase shift of light beam is by first right side Channel balance receiver carries out photodetection and becomes right channel real number signal, and is further converted to right channel digital signal, institute The left channel digital signal and right channel digital signal stated merge by the first multiple digitizer, are converted into echo-signal light level point The complex signal of amount；
The local oscillator laser beam in the vertical vibration direction and the target echo light beam in the vertical vibration direction point It is not input to the 2nd 90 ° of 2 × 4 space light bridges, generating by the 2nd 90 ° of 2 × 4 space light bridges successively has 90 ° of phases Four road light beams of potential difference export, and wherein 180 ° of two-way phase shift of light beam carries out photodetection change by the second left channel balance receiver At real number signal, and it is further converted to left channel digital signal；In addition 180 ° of two-way phase shift of light beam is put down by the second right channel Weighing apparatus receiver carries out photodetection and becomes real number signal, and is further converted to right channel digital signal, the left port number Word signal and right channel digital signal merge by the second multiple digitizer, are converted into the plural number letter of echo-signal vertical light component Number；
The complex signal of the echo-signal light level component and vertical component passes through data processor for echo light field Stokes vector representation come out.The polarization state that module changes transmitting light beam occurs by adjusting the polarization state, obtains more The Stokes vector of group transmitting light beam and echo light field, and operation obtains carrying target polarization information on this basis Mueller matrix, the final polarization characteristic for obtaining object to be measured.
Module occurs for the polarization state, and there are two types of different types of devices.The first is by linear polarizer and a quarter Wave plate is constituted.By adjusting the angle of linear polarizer and the angle of quarter-wave plate fast axis, there is shoot laser different Polarization state.Second is made of the polarizer and phase-modulator, by adjusting the electricity acted on phase retardation modulation device Pressure generates the laser of required different polarization state.
The echo reception optical antenna is f by focal length1The first lens, aperture and focal length be f2Second thoroughly Mirror is constituted.First lens keep confocal with the second lens, and aperture is located at confocal point and plays a filtering role, and shrink beam ratio can be by M= f1/f2It is calculated.
Compared with prior art, technical effect of the invention:
1) actively emit a series of objective plane at a certain distance from laser irradiations with different polarization states arrive, adopt respectively The echo of two-way difference oscillating component is believed with the optical heterodyne device of 90 ° of 2 × 4 space light bridge and two-way balance reception Number light carries out optical heterodyne balance reception, and merges into complex signal by digital complex numbersization processing.
2) due to take the method for optics balance detection and meanwhile obtain carry target polarization information echo-signal real part And imaginary part, therefore have the characteristics that receiving sensitivity is high, detectivity is strong, signal-to-noise ratio is high, operating distance range is wide, it is actively to shine The bright important technology for obtaining target polarization information improves.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that laser of the present invention is actively concerned with the structural principle block diagram of balance detection polarization analysis instrument.
Fig. 2 is optical receiver antenna structural schematic diagram in the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Invention is further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, but guarantor of the invention should not be limited with this Protect range.
It is please that laser of the present invention is actively concerned with the structural principle frame of balance detection polarization analysis instrument referring initially to Fig. 1, Fig. 1 Figure.As seen from the figure, actively it is concerned with balance detection polarization analysis the present invention is based on a kind of laser of 90 ° of 2 × 4 space light bridge Instrument, by laser 1, module 3 occurs for local oscillator light spectral module 2, polarization state, optical transmitting antenna 4, echo reception optical antenna 5, Echo polarization splitting prism 6, horizontal vibration processing module 7, vertical vibration processing module 8 and data processor 9.
It is successively the local oscillator light spectral module 2 on the laser output primary optical axis of laser 1, module 3 occurs for polarization state, Optical transmitting antenna 4.First Amici prism 21 beam splitting of the laser through local oscillator light spectral module 2 emitted by laser 1, a part Transmitting light beam enters polarization state and module 3 occurs, and is irradiated to 10 surface of target by optical transmitting antenna 4；Another part passes through Second Amici prism 22, and by adjusting 23 optical axis angle of the first half-wave plate, horizontal vibration side is formed in its first exit end 231 To local oscillator laser beam form vertical vibration in the second exit end 241 while by adjusting 24 optical axis angle of the second half-wave plate The local oscillator laser beam in direction.It is irradiated to transmitting light beam on 10 surface of target after reflection, carries target polarization information Echo beam enters the echo reception optical antenna 5, by 6 beam splitting of echo polarization splitting prism, in 61 shape of the first exit end The target echo light beam in vertical vibration direction is formed at the target echo light beam in horizontal vibration direction, the second exit end 62.
The local oscillator laser beam and target echo light beam in the horizontal vibration direction, are input to horizontal vibration processing module 7, the four road light beams successively with 90 ° of phase differences are generated by the one 90 ° of 2 × 4 space light bridge 71 and are exported, wherein two-way phase It moves 180 ° of light beam and real number signal is become by the progress photodetection of left channel balance receiver 72, and be further converted to left channel Digital signal；In addition 180 ° of two-way phase shift of light beam becomes real number signal by the progress photodetection of right channel balance receiver 73, And it is further converted to right channel digital signal.The left channel digital signal and right channel digital signal are by multiple digitizer 74 merge, and are converted into the complex signal of echo-signal light level component.
The local oscillator laser beam and target echo light beam in the vertical vibration direction, are input to vertical vibration processing module 8, the four road light beams successively with 90 ° of phase differences are generated by the 2nd 90 ° of 2 × 4 space light bridge 81 and are exported, wherein two-way phase It moves 180 ° of light beam and real number signal is become by the progress photodetection of left channel balance receiver 82, and be further converted to left channel Digital signal；In addition 180 ° of two-way phase shift of light beam becomes real number signal by the progress photodetection of right channel balance receiver 83, And it is further converted to right channel digital signal.The left channel digital signal and right channel digital signal are by multiple digitizer 84 merge, and are converted into the complex signal of echo-signal vertical light component.
The complex signal of the echo-signal light level component and vertical component passes through data processor 9 for echo light field Stokes vector representation come out.The polarization state that module 3 changes transmitting light beam occurs by adjusting the polarization state, obtains more The Stokes vector of group transmitting light beam and echo light field, and operation obtains carrying target polarization information on this basis Mueller matrix, the final polarization characteristic for obtaining object to be measured.
Module 3 occurs for the polarization state, and there are two types of different types of devices.The first be by linear polarizer with four/ One wave plate is constituted.By adjusting the angle of linear polarizer and the angle of quarter-wave plate fast axis, make shoot laser that there is difference Polarization state.Second is made of the polarizer and phase-modulator, by adjusting acting on phase retardation modulation device Voltage generates the laser of required different polarization state.
The transmitting antenna module 4 is F by focal length1Lens constitute, laser emitting waist radius can be byIt is calculated.λ is the operation wavelength of laser 1, ω0For the waist radius of laser 1.
The echo reception optical antenna 5 includes that focal length is f1The first lens 51, aperture 52 and focal length be f2's Second lens 53.First lens 51 and the second lens 53 are confocal, and aperture 52 is located at confocal point and plays a filtering role, Shrink beam ratio is by M=f1/f2It is calculated.
Explained below using a target point laser of the present invention be actively concerned with balance detection polarization analysis instrument imaging it is former Reason:
The detection range of system to target is z, and the coordinate system of target face is set as (xk,yk), transmitting light source selects wavelength for λ, Power is the bais single-mode laser of P, waist radius ω0.Transmitter-telescope focal length F1, laser emitting waist radius can To be obtained by calculation:Illumination light field in target face is expressed as:
Wherein,
The diameter of illumination spot indicates in target face are as follows:It is propagated after target reflection and reaches receiving telescope system Echo fresnel diffraction light field indicate are as follows:
Wherein ρ (xk,yk,z)exp[jφρ(xk,yk, z)] be target reflectivity.
Local beam transmission range is z0, then the relative time of target, which is delayed, isIf f is echo-signal Frequency,For emit laser initial phase,For the phase delay of destination channel,For the phase delay of local oscillation channel, then Echo-signal expression are as follows:
Local oscillation signal expression are as follows:
For the local oscillator laser beam and target echo light beam in horizontal vibration direction:
Therefore, the output of left balanced reciver are as follows:
The output of right balanced reciver are as follows:
Wherein, AiIndicate constant related with signal strength and detector,Represent initial phase shift.Plural number After change processing,
For the local oscillator laser beam and target echo light beam in vertical vibration direction:
Therefore, the output of left balanced reciver are as follows:
The output of right balanced reciver are as follows:
After pluralization processing,
The amplitude of local oscillation signal is set as 1, is 0 with the initial phase shift of signal light, then the above-mentioned plural number letter comprising echo information Number abbreviation is the expression-form of echo light field, and polarization state can indicate are as follows:
Ex、δxRespectively indicate the oscillating component and vibration phase in (direction x) in the horizontal direction, Ey、δyIt respectively indicates back along vertical Oscillating component and phase of the histogram to (direction y), δ=δy-δxIndicate the phase difference of two components.To the Si Tuo of echo light field Gram this vector can be found out by defined formula:
S'2=2E0xE0ycosδ
S'3=2E0xE0ysinδ
The Stokes vector of echo light fieldThe Stokes vector of outgoing laser beams can be passed through's Linear combination indicates:
Mueller matrix is expressed as:
。

Claims (4)

  1. The balance detection polarization analysis instrument 1. the laser that one kind is based on 90 ° of 2 × 4 space light bridge is actively concerned with, which is characterized in that Module (3), optical transmitting antenna (4), echo reception light occur including laser (1), local oscillator light spectral module (2), polarization state At antenna (5), echo polarization splitting prism (6), horizontal vibration processing module (7), vertical vibration processing module (8) and data It manages device (9)；
    The local oscillator light spectral module (2) includes the first Amici prism (21), the second Amici prism (22), the first half-wave plate (23) and the second half-wave plate (24)；
    The horizontal vibration processing module (7) connects including the one 90 ° of 2 × 4 space light bridge (71), the first left channel balance Receipts machine (72), the first right channel balance receiver (73) and first are multiple digitizer (74)；
    The vertical vibration processing module (8) connects including the 2nd 90 ° of 2 × 4 space light bridge (81), the second left channel balance Receipts machine (82), the second right channel balance receiver (83) and second are multiple digitizer (84)；
    It is successively the local oscillator light spectral module (2), polarization state generation mould on the laser output primary optical axis of the laser (1) Block (3) and optical transmitting antenna (4), the transmitting light beam of the laser (1) is after the first Amici prism (21) beam splitting, a part Transmitting light beam enters polarization state and module (3) occurs, and is irradiated to target (10) surface by optical transmitting antenna (4)；Another portion Lease making crosses the second Amici prism (22) beam splitting, a branch of to form horizontal vibration in the first exit end (231) through the first half-wave plate (23) The local oscillator laser beam in direction, another beam form vertical vibration direction in the second exit end (241) through the second half-wave plate (24) Local oscillator laser beam；
    It is irradiated to transmitting light beam on target (10) surface after reflection, the echo beam for carrying target polarization information enters institute The echo reception optical antenna (5) stated is injected echo polarization splitting prism (6) after echo reception optical antenna (5) shrink beam, It is divided into two beams, a branch of target echo that horizontal vibration direction is formed in the first exit end (61) through echo polarization splitting prism (6) Light beam, another beam form the target echo light beam in vertical vibration direction in the second exit end (62)；
    The local oscillator laser beam in the horizontal vibration direction and the target echo light beam in horizontal vibration direction difference are defeated Enter to the one 90 ° of 2 × 4 space light bridge (71), generating by the one 90 ° of 2 × 4 space light bridge (71) successively has The four road light beams output of 90 ° of phase differences, wherein 180 ° of two-way phase shift of light beam is carried out by the first left channel balance receiver (72) Photodetection becomes left channel real number signal, and is further converted to left channel digital signal；In addition 180 ° of two-way phase shift of light Beam carries out photodetection by the first right channel balance receiver (73) and becomes right channel real number signal, and is further converted to right logical Road digital signal, the left channel digital signal and right channel digital signal merge by first multiple digitizer (74), conversion For the complex signal of echo-signal light level component；
    The local oscillator laser beam in the vertical vibration direction and the target echo light beam in vertical vibration direction difference are defeated Enter to the 2nd 90 ° of 2 × 4 space light bridge (81), generating by the 2nd 90 ° of 2 × 4 space light bridge (81) successively has The four road light beams output of 90 ° of phase differences, wherein 180 ° of two-way phase shift of light beam is carried out by the second left channel balance receiver (82) Photodetection becomes the second left channel real number signal, and is further converted to the second left channel digital signal；In addition two-way phase shift 180 ° of light beam carries out photodetection by the second right channel balance receiver (83) and becomes the second right channel real number signal, goes forward side by side one Step is converted into the second right channel digital signal, and the left channel digital signal of described second and the second right channel digital signal are passed through Second multiple digitizer (84) merge, and are converted into the complex signal of echo-signal vertical light component；
    The complex signal of the echo-signal light level component and the complex signal of the echo-signal vertical light component are logical Data processor (9) is crossed to come out the Stokes vector representation of echo light field.
  2. The balance detection polarization point 2. the laser according to claim 1 for being based on 90 ° of 2 × 4 space light bridge is actively concerned with Analyzer, which is characterized in that the polarization state occurs module (3) and is made of linear polarizer and quarter-wave plate, by adjusting The angle of linear polarizer and the angle of quarter-wave plate fast axis make shoot laser have different polarization states.
  3. The balance detection polarization point 3. the laser according to claim 1 for being based on 90 ° of 2 × 4 space light bridge is actively concerned with Analyzer, which is characterized in that the polarization state occurs module (3) and is made of the polarizer and phase-modulator, by adjusting effect The laser of different polarization state needed for the voltage on phase retardation modulation device generates.
  4. The balance detection polarization point 4. the laser according to claim 1 for being based on 90 ° of 2 × 4 space light bridge is actively concerned with Analyzer, which is characterized in that the echo reception optical antenna (5) includes: that focal length is f1The first lens (51), aperture (52) and focal length is f2The second lens (53), first lens (51) and the second lens (53) are confocal, and aperture (52) it is located at confocal point to play a filtering role, shrink beam ratio is by M=f1/f2It is calculated.
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CN109450529B (en) * 2018-12-06 2020-08-18 南京牧镭激光科技有限公司 Detection device and detection method
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