CN106676752A - 一种低阻复合空气过滤材料的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种低阻复合空气过滤材料的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN106676752A
CN106676752A CN201610721569.6A CN201610721569A CN106676752A CN 106676752 A CN106676752 A CN 106676752A CN 201610721569 A CN201610721569 A CN 201610721569A CN 106676752 A CN106676752 A CN 106676752A
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仇颖超
徐越
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种低阻复合空气过滤材料的制备方法，属于过滤材料领域。本发明先利用竹纤维和汉麻纤维混合后进行开松，开松后用梳理机梳理成竹纤维/汉麻纤维网，再放入针刺机中，针刺固结，得复合纤维材料，将其安装至纺丝装置的接收板表面，并纺丝聚丙烯腈溶液在复合纤维材料表面，将复合纤维两面都纺丝后放入明胶和羧甲基壳聚糖制备的混合液中浸泡，浸泡后取出、热轧、干燥，即可制备得到低阻复合空气过滤材料，本发明制备得到的过滤材料，过滤效率高，过滤阻力小，过滤材料的孔径大小和孔径分布均匀，透气透湿性能好。

Description

一种低阻复合空气过滤材料的制备方法
技术领域
本发明公开了一种低阻复合空气过滤材料的制备方法，属于过滤材料领域。
背景技术
过滤材料由来已久，材质包括真丝、粗麻、玻璃纤维、非织造布、陶瓷、多孔金属材料、复合滤料等，这些材料虽具有一定的过滤效果，但存在过滤效率低、透气透湿性能差等缺点，已不能满足人们对高洁净环境的要求，加上近年来环境污染严重，物理、生物、化学污染日益严重，普通过滤材料不具备隔绝病毒等微小生物的能力，且产品笨重、透气透湿性能差，逐渐濒临淘汰。非织造布驻极材料通过加入带电粒子使其具备静电拦截效应满足了高效低阻要求，但其对颗粒物选择识别度高，仅对带电粒子具备高过滤效率，且耐溶剂、洗涤和放置性能差，具有一定的应用限制。
采用复合膜方式制备高过滤效率、低过滤阻力纳米纤维膜的方法，包括采用层层纺方式，如在PET微米静电纺纤维膜表面纺一层PA6纳米纤维，纺不同密集度复合膜；静电纺纤维-非织造布复合法，研究分别采用三种非织造布为基布纳米单层、微米单层和纳米/微米多层复合材料的过滤性能；静电纺纤维-织物复合法，研究PA6纳米纤维膜沉积在尼龙/棉织物制备的复合膜过滤性能，研究表明静电纺纤维-织物复合法过滤效率可达 99%，过滤阻力约为300～500Pa。
目前关于纳米纤维膜产业化生产已有大量研究，但存在着性能缺陷，如直径分布范围大、强力低、过滤阻力大等，使产品性能变差、应用范围变窄，因此纳米纤维过滤膜产品并未实现产业化。具有高过滤效率的纳米膜是纳米纤维的应用领域之一，如何运用已研发的产业化仪器研制出高效低阻、性能优异的纳米产品成为研究热点。
发明内容
本发明主要解决的技术问题：针对目前过滤材料过滤效率低、透气透湿性能差、强力低、过滤阻力大等，使产品性能变差、应用范围变窄的缺陷，提供了一种低阻复合空气过滤材料的制备方法。本发明先利用竹纤维和汉麻纤维混合后进行开松，开松后用梳理机梳理成竹纤维/汉麻纤维网，再放入针刺机中，针刺固结，得复合纤维材料，将其安装至纺丝装置的接收板表面，并纺丝聚丙烯腈溶液在复合纤维材料表面，将复合纤维两面都纺丝后放入明胶和羧甲基壳聚糖制备的混合液中浸泡，浸泡后取出、热轧、干燥，即可制备得到低阻复合空气过滤材料，本发明制备得到的过滤材料，过滤效率高，过滤阻力小，过滤材料的孔径大小和孔径分布均匀，透气透湿性能好。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明所采用的技术方案是：
（1）分别称取10～15g竹纤维和8～10g汉麻纤维，分别用双辊开松机开松后混合得混合纤维，将混合纤维再进行开松，将开松后的混合纤维喂入梳理机中混合梳理成网，得竹纤维/汉麻纤维网后输入针刺机中，在植针密度为1000～1200枚/m和机速为150～200r/min条件下针刺固结，得复合纤维材料；
（2）称取20～30g聚丙烯腈加入到120～150mL由二氯甲烷和六氟异丙醇按体积比6:1混合的混合溶剂中，搅拌混合至固体完全溶解，制备得聚丙烯腈溶液，并装入纺丝装置的注射器中，将针头与高压发生器的正极相连，将上述复合纤维材料装于接收装置上，接收装置与针头的距离为15～18cm，纺丝电压为25～30kV，纺丝液流量为0.5～0.7mL/min，纺丝液直接纺丝在复合纤维材料表面，纺丝5～6h，纺丝结束后，换复合纤维材料的另一面，继续纺丝5～6h，纺丝后得过滤材料，备用；
（3）称取20～30g明胶放入500mL烧瓶中，加入200～220mL去离子水，搅拌15～20min后静置6～8h，静置后加入10～15g羧甲基壳聚糖，在120～150r/min转速条件下搅拌混合2～4h，混合后得混合液；
（4）将步骤（2）备用的过滤材料浸泡在上述混合液中，浸泡3～5h后取出，将浸泡后过滤材料在150～160℃条件下热轧处理10～15min，热轧处理后放入烘箱中，在60～70℃条件下干燥8～10h，干燥后即可得到低阻复合空气过滤材料。
本发明制备得到的空气过滤材料的过滤阻力为360pa以下，透气性为340～450L·m-2·s-1，透湿性为6.0～9.6m2·Pa/w，过滤材料过滤效率对于PM1～PM3等级微尘阻挡率大于99.95%。
本发明的有益效果是：
（1）本发明制备得到的过滤材料孔径分布窄，孔径大小均匀；
（2）本发明制备得到的过滤材料过滤效率高，对于PM1～PM3等级微尘阻挡率大于99.95%，过滤阻力低，力学强力高；
（3）本发明过滤材料的孔隙率高、透气透湿性好，透气性为340～450L·m-2·s-1，透湿性为6.0～9.6m2·Pa/w。
具体实施方式
分别称取10～15g竹纤维和8～10g汉麻纤维，分别用双辊开松机开松后混合，将混合纤维再进行开松，将开松后的混合纤维喂入梳理机中混合梳理成网，将竹纤维/汉麻纤维网输入针刺机中，在植针密度为1000～1200枚/m和机速为150～200r/min的条件下针刺固结，得复合纤维材料；称取20～30g聚丙烯腈加入到120～150mL由二氯甲烷和六氟异丙醇按体积比6:1混合的混合溶剂中，搅拌混合至固体完全溶解，制备得聚丙烯腈溶液，并装入纺丝装置的注射器中，将针头与高压发生器的正极相连，将上述复合纤维材料装于接收装置上，接收装置与针头的距离为15～18cm，纺丝电压为25～30kV，纺丝液流量为0.5～0.7mL/min，纺丝液直接纺丝在复合纤维材料表面，纺丝5～6h，纺丝结束后，换复合纤维材料的另一面，继续纺丝5～6h，纺丝后得过滤材料，备用；称取20～30g明胶放入500mL烧瓶中，加入200～220mL去离子水，搅拌15～20min后静置6～8h，静置后加入10～15g羧甲基壳聚糖，在120～150r/min转速搅拌混合2～4h，混合后得混合液；将备用的过滤材料浸泡在上述混合液中，浸泡3～5h后取出，将浸泡后过滤材料在150～160℃条件下热轧处理10～15min，热轧处理后放入烘箱中，在60～70℃条件下干燥8～10h，干燥后即可得到低阻复合空气过滤材料。实例1
分别称取10g竹纤维和8g汉麻纤维，分别用双辊开松机开松后混合，将混合纤维再进行开松，将开松后的混合纤维喂入梳理机中混合梳理成网，将竹纤维/汉麻纤维网输入针刺机中，在植针密度为1000枚/m和机速为150r/min的条件下针刺固结，得复合纤维材料；称取20g聚丙烯腈加入到120mL由二氯甲烷和六氟异丙醇按体积比6:1混合的混合溶剂中，搅拌混合至固体完全溶解，制备得聚丙烯腈溶液，并装入纺丝装置的注射器中，将针头与高压发生器的正极相连，将上述复合纤维材料装于接收装置上，接收装置与针头的距离为15cm，纺丝电压为25kV，纺丝液流量为0.5mL/min，纺丝液直接纺丝在复合纤维材料表面，纺丝5h，纺丝结束后，换复合纤维材料的另一面，继续纺丝5h，纺丝后得过滤材料，备用；称取20g明胶放入500mL烧瓶中，加入200mL去离子水，搅拌15min后静置6h，静置后加入10g羧甲基壳聚糖，在120r/min转速搅拌混合2h，混合后得混合液；将备用的过滤材料浸泡在上述混合液中，浸泡3h后取出，将浸泡后过滤材料在150℃条件下热轧处理10min，热轧处理后放入烘箱中，在60℃条件下干燥8h，干燥后即可得到低阻复合空气过滤材料。
本发明制备得到的空气过滤材料的过滤阻力为350pa，透气性为340L·m-2·s-1，透湿性为6.0m2·Pa/w，过滤材料过滤效率对于PM1等级微尘阻挡率99.96%。
实例2
分别称取13g竹纤维和9g汉麻纤维，分别用双辊开松机开松后混合，将混合纤维再进行开松，将开松后的混合纤维喂入梳理机中混合梳理成网，将竹纤维/汉麻纤维网输入针刺机中，在植针密度为1100枚/m和机速为175r/min的条件下针刺固结，得复合纤维材料；称取25g聚丙烯腈加入到135mL由二氯甲烷和六氟异丙醇按体积比6:1混合的混合溶剂中，搅拌混合至固体完全溶解，制备得聚丙烯腈溶液，并装入纺丝装置的注射器中，将针头与高压发生器的正极相连，将上述复合纤维材料装于接收装置上，接收装置与针头的距离为16cm，纺丝电压为27kV，纺丝液流量为0.6mL/min，纺丝液直接纺丝在复合纤维材料表面，纺丝5.5h，纺丝结束后，换复合纤维材料的另一面，继续纺丝5.5h，纺丝后得过滤材料，备用；称取25g明胶放入500mL烧瓶中，加入210mL去离子水，搅拌17min后静置7h，静置后加入13g羧甲基壳聚糖，在135r/min转速搅拌混合3h，混合后得混合液；将备用的过滤材料浸泡在上述混合液中，浸泡4h后取出，将浸泡后过滤材料在155℃条件下热轧处理13min，热轧处理后放入烘箱中，在65℃条件下干燥9h，干燥后即可得到低阻复合空气过滤材料。
本发明制备得到的空气过滤材料的过滤阻力为320pa，透气性为400L·m-2·s-1，透湿性为8.2m2·Pa/w，过滤材料过滤效率对于PM2.5等级微尘阻挡率大于99.98%。
实例3
分别称取15g竹纤维和10g汉麻纤维，分别用双辊开松机开松后混合，将混合纤维再进行开松，将开松后的混合纤维喂入梳理机中混合梳理成网，将竹纤维/汉麻纤维网输入针刺机中，在植针密度为1200枚/m和机速为200r/min的条件下针刺固结，得复合纤维材料；称取30g聚丙烯腈加入到150mL由二氯甲烷和六氟异丙醇按体积比6:1混合的混合溶剂中，搅拌混合至固体完全溶解，制备得聚丙烯腈溶液，并装入纺丝装置的注射器中，将针头与高压发生器的正极相连，将上述复合纤维材料装于接收装置上，接收装置与针头的距离为18cm，纺丝电压为30kV，纺丝液流量为0.7mL/min，纺丝液直接纺丝在复合纤维材料表面，纺丝6h，纺丝结束后，换复合纤维材料的另一面，继续纺丝6h，纺丝后得过滤材料，备用；称取30g明胶放入500mL烧瓶中，加入220mL去离子水，搅拌20min后静置8h，静置后加入15g羧甲基壳聚糖，在150r/min转速搅拌混合4h，混合后得混合液；将备用的过滤材料浸泡在上述混合液中，浸泡5h后取出，将浸泡后过滤材料在160℃条件下热轧处理15min，热轧处理后放入烘箱中，在70℃条件下干燥10h，干燥后即可得到低阻复合空气过滤材料。
本发明制备得到的空气过滤材料的过滤阻力为320pa，透气性为450L·m-2·s-1，透湿性为9.6m2·Pa/w，过滤材料过滤效率对于PM3等级微尘阻挡率99.99%。

Claims (1)

1.一种低阻复合空气过滤材料的制备方法，其特征在于具体制备步骤为；
（1）分别称取10～15g竹纤维和8～10g汉麻纤维，分别用双辊开松机开松后混合得混合纤维，将混合纤维再进行开松，将开松后的混合纤维喂入梳理机中混合梳理成网，得竹纤维/汉麻纤维网后输入针刺机中，在植针密度为1000～1200枚/m和机速为150～200r/min条件下针刺固结，得复合纤维材料；
（2）称取20～30g聚丙烯腈加入到120～150mL由二氯甲烷和六氟异丙醇按体积比6:1混合的混合溶剂中，搅拌混合至固体完全溶解，制备得聚丙烯腈溶液，并装入纺丝装置的注射器中，将针头与高压发生器的正极相连，将上述复合纤维材料装于接收装置上，接收装置与针头的距离为15～18cm，纺丝电压为25～30kV，纺丝液流量为0.5～0.7mL/min，纺丝液直接纺丝在复合纤维材料表面，纺丝5～6h，纺丝结束后，换复合纤维材料的另一面，继续纺丝5～6h，纺丝后得过滤材料，备用；
（3）称取20～30g明胶放入500mL烧瓶中，加入200～220mL去离子水，搅拌15～20min后静置6～8h，静置后加入10～15g羧甲基壳聚糖，在120～150r/min转速条件下搅拌混合2～4h，混合后得混合液；
（4）将步骤（2）备用的过滤材料浸泡在上述混合液中，浸泡3～5h后取出，将浸泡后过滤材料在150～160℃条件下热轧处理10～15min，热轧处理后放入烘箱中，在60～70℃条件下干燥8～10h，干燥后即可得到低阻复合空气过滤材料。
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