CN106675742A - 一种抗冻水基型金属切削液 - Google Patents

一种抗冻水基型金属切削液 Download PDF

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CN106675742A
CN106675742A CN201611164884.XA CN201611164884A CN106675742A CN 106675742 A CN106675742 A CN 106675742A CN 201611164884 A CN201611164884 A CN 201611164884A CN 106675742 A CN106675742 A CN 106675742A
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additive
freeze proof
metalworking fluid
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oil
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杨升攀
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CHANGSHA AISEN EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种抗冻水基型金属切削液，包括油性添加剂、水性添加剂和水；所述水性添加剂由二醇类化合物、亲水性表面活性剂、螯合剂、水性防锈剂、水性杀菌剂和消泡剂组成；该抗冻水基型金属切削液防冻性能好，能在‑20℃温度条件下稳定存在，且同时具有较好的冷却、清洗、防锈、润滑等效果，克服了现有的水基型金属切削液防冻效果差，低温下易破乳，导致切削液失效的缺陷。

Description

一种抗冻水基型金属切削液
技术领域
本发明涉及一种金属切削液，特别涉及一种抗冻水基型金属切削液，属于金属加工技术领域。
背景技术
金属切削液是指金属及其合金在切削、研磨、镗削、钻孔和拉拔等各种加工过程中所使用的润滑冷却材料。按介质状况分为油基型和水基型，水基型又分为乳化液、微乳液和合成液。到目前为止，水基金属切削液领域的应用有了长足的发展，水基金属切削液在发达国家已经走过了从乳化液向合成液，再向微乳化液发展的过程。
微乳化切削液由于含油量少(10％～30％)，微乳化切削液中的水分最高含量为45％左右，大量水的存在导致微乳化切削液的抗冻能力差，容易低温破乳。冬天长期在室外存储或运输，会导致微乳化切削液结冻或破乳，从而影响微乳化切削液的储存和使用。
发明内容
针对现有技术中的微乳化切削液存在低温条件下易结冻或破乳，不利于在寒冷天气长期室外存储或运输等缺点，本发明的目的是在于提供一种抗冻性能好，同时具有较好的冷却、清洗、防锈、润滑等效果的微乳型金属切削液。
为了实现上述技术目的，本发明提供了一种抗冻水基型金属切削液，该抗冻水基型金属切削液包括油性添加剂、水性添加剂和水；所述水性添加剂由以下质量份组分组成：
二醇类化合物5～20份；
亲水性表面活性剂2～3份；
螯合剂0.7～0.9份；
水性防锈剂6～10份；
水性杀菌剂2.2～3份；
消泡剂0.1～0.3份。
优选的方案，二醇类化合物为乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、1,3-丙二醇、二甘醇、二丙二醇中至少一种。
优选的方案，亲水性表面活性剂为油酸碱金属盐和/或油酸铵盐，或壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚、辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚、十二烷基聚氧乙烯醚、二壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚中至少一种。
优选的方案，螯合剂为氮川三乙酸、乙二胺四乙酸、二乙基三胺五乙酸、羟乙基乙二胺三乙酸三钠、甲基甘氨酸二乙酸三钠中至少一种。
优选的方案，水性防锈剂为水性硼酸酯和/或亚硝酸钠。
优选的方案，水性杀菌剂包括三丹油、MBM、BK、IPBC中至少一种。
较优选的方案，抗冻水基型金属切削液中油性添加剂的质量百分比含量为35～55％，水性添加剂的质量百分比含量为15～30％。
优选的方案，油性添加剂由基础油、油性防锈剂、润滑添加剂和亲油性表面活性剂组成。
较优选的方案，油性添加剂由以下质量份组分组成：
基础油10～18份；
油性防锈剂10～20份；
润滑添加剂7～11份；
亲油性表面活性剂3.5～4份。
更优选的方案，基础油为倾点小于-20度的矿物油、倾点小于-20度的合成油、倾点小于-20度的环烷基油中至少一种。
更优选的方案，油性防锈剂为有机羧酸/有机醇胺组合物、妥尔油酰胺、石油磺酸盐中至少一种。
更优选的方案，润滑添加剂为氯化石钠、合成酯、自润滑酯、含硫极压剂、含磷极压剂中至少一种。
更优选的方案，亲油性表面活性剂为失水山梨醇脂肪酸酯。
本发明的抗冻水基型金属切削液的制备方法为：
先将基础油、油性防锈剂、润滑添加剂，亲油表面活性剂混合搅拌，并加热到70℃，并保温30分钟，得到油性添加剂(A)；然后将水与由二醇类化合物、螯合剂、水性防锈剂、亲水表面活性剂、杀菌剂、消泡剂组成的水性添加剂(B)混合，并搅拌均匀后，加入到A中，边加入边搅拌，最后得到透明均匀的液体，即为具有良好抗冻性能金属加工液。
本发明的技术方案关键在于通过采用小分子二醇类化合物作为水性添加剂的主要组分，其与水及其它水性添加剂均具有较好的相容性，起到协同增效作用，可有效降低整个切削液的凝固点，提高切削液的抗冻性能。
相对现有技术，本发明的技术方案带来的有益技术效果：本发明的抗冻水基型金属切削液防冻性能好，能在-20℃温度条件下稳定存在，且同时具有较好的冷却、清洗、防锈、润滑等效果，克服了现有的水基型金属切削液防冻效果差或低温易破乳而导致切削液失效的缺陷。
具体实施方式
以下具体实施例旨在进一步说明本发明内容，而不是限制本发明权利要求的保护范围。
以下实施例中采用的各组分原料，都为市售的常规原料。
实施例1
微乳型切削液由油性添加剂和水性添加剂构成，所述的油性添加剂占微乳切削液总体分量的49％；所述的水性添加剂占微乳切削液总体分量的28％，余量为水。
油性添加剂A：将倾点小于-20度的矿物油18％、有机醇胺8％、有机羧酸5％、氯化石钠6.5％、合成酯4.5％、失水山梨醇脂肪酸酯3.5％、石油磺酸盐3.5％混合均匀并加热到60-70摄氏度，并保温30分钟。
将水23％与由乙二醇15％、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚2％、MBM 1.5％、BK 0.7％、乙二胺四乙酸0.8％、水性硼酸酯7.8％和消泡剂(常规市售产品)0.2％混合组成的水性添加剂B，搅拌并混合均匀。
然后将混合均匀的液体加入到保温完成后的油性添加剂A中，添加过程边加入边搅拌，最后形成透明均匀的液体，即为具有良好抗冻性能，以及冷却、清洗、防锈、润滑等效果较好的金属加工液。
实施例2
微乳型切削液由油性添加剂和水性添加剂构成，所述的油性添加剂占微乳切削液总体分量的40％；所述的水性添加剂占微乳切削液总体分量的26.2％，余量为水。
油性添加剂A：将倾点小于-20度的环烷基油16％、有机醇胺5％、有机羧酸5％、含磷极压剂8％、合成酯2％、失水山梨醇脂肪酸酯4％混合均匀并加热到60-70度，并保温30分钟。
将水33.8％与由丙二醇10％、辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚3％、三丹油1.5％、BK0.7％、氮川三乙酸0.8％、水性硼酸酯10％和消泡剂0.2％混合组成的水性添加剂B搅拌并混合均匀。
然后将混合均匀的液体加入到保温完成后的油性添加剂A中，添加过程边加入边搅拌，最后形成透明均匀的液体，即为具有良好抗冻性能，以及冷却、清洗、防锈、润滑等效果较好的金属加工液。
实施例3
微乳型切削液由油性添加剂和水性添加剂构成，所述的油性添加剂占微乳切削液总体分量的41％；所述的水性添加剂占微乳切削液总体分量的17％，余量为水。
油性添加剂A：将倾点小于-20度的环烷基油10％、有机醇胺8％、有机羧酸5％、含硫极压剂6.5％、合成酯4.5％、失水山梨醇脂肪酸酯3.5％、石油磺酸盐3.5％混合均匀并加热到60-70度，并保温30分钟。
将水42％和由二丙二醇5％、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚2％、MBM 2％、IPBC 1％、乙二胺四乙酸0.8％、亚硝酸钠6％和消泡剂0.2％混合组成的水性添加剂B搅拌并混合均匀。
然后将混合均匀的液体加入到保温完成后的油性添加剂A中，添加过程边加入边搅拌，最后形成透明均匀的液体，即为具有良好抗冻性能，以及冷却、清洗、防锈、润滑等效果较好的金属加工液。
对比例1
将实施例1中，水性添加剂中的乙二醇15％去掉，同时将水的比例由33.8％变为41％，其他成分：油性添加剂变为50％，水性添加剂变为9％。将三者按照实施例1的工艺制备成切削液。
油性添加剂A：将倾点小于-20度的环烷基油20％、有机醇胺7％、有机羧酸5％、氯化石蜡6％、合成酯4％、失水山梨醇脂肪酸酯4％、石油磺酸盐4％混合均匀并加热到60-70度，并保温30分钟。
水性添加剂B：将壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚1.5％、MBM 1％、BK 0.8％、乙二胺四乙酸0.5％、水性硼酸酯5％、消泡剂0.2％。
表1实施例1～3的水基型金属切削液的抗冻性能

Claims (10)

1.一种抗冻水基型金属切削液，其特征在于：包括油性添加剂、水性添加剂和水；所述水性添加剂由以下质量份组分组成：
二醇类化合物5～20份；
亲水性表面活性剂2～3份；
螯合剂0.7～0.9份；
水性防锈剂6～10份；
水性杀菌剂2.2～3份；
消泡剂0.1～0.3份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的抗冻水基型金属切削液，其特征在于：所述的二醇类化合物为乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、1,3-丙二醇、二甘醇、二丙二醇中至少一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的抗冻水基型金属切削液，其特征在于：所述的亲水性表面活性剂为油酸碱金属盐和/或油酸铵盐，或壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚、辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚、十二烷基聚氧乙烯醚、二壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚中至少一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的抗冻水基型金属切削液，其特征在于：所述的螯合剂为氮川三乙酸、乙二胺四乙酸、二乙基三胺五乙酸、羟乙基乙二胺三乙酸三钠、甲基甘氨酸二乙酸三钠中至少一种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的抗冻水基型金属切削液，其特征在于：所述的水性防锈剂为水性硼酸酯和/或亚硝酸钠。
6.根据权利要求1所述的抗冻水基型金属切削液，其特征在于：所述的水性杀菌剂包括三丹油、MBM、BK、IPBC中至少一种。
7.根据权利要求1～6任一项所述的抗冻水基型金属切削液，其特征在于：所述的抗冻水基型金属切削液中油性添加剂的质量百分比含量为35～55％，水性添加剂的质量百分比含量为15～30％。
8.根据权利要求7所述的抗冻水基型金属切削液，其特征在于：所述的油性添加剂由基础油、油性防锈剂、润滑添加剂和亲油性表面活性剂组成。
9.根据权利要求8所述的抗冻水基型金属切削液，其特征在于：所述的油性添加剂由以下质量份组分组成：
基础油10～18份；
油性防锈剂10～20份；
润滑添加剂7～11份；
亲油性表面活性剂3.5～4份。
10.根据权利要求9所述的抗冻水基型金属切削液，其特征在于：
所述的基础油为倾点小于-20度的矿物油、倾点小于-20度的合成油、倾点小于-20度的环烷基油中至少一种；
所述的油性防锈剂为有机羧酸/有机醇胺组合物、妥尔油酰胺、二异丙醇酰胺、石油磺酸盐中至少一种；
所述的润滑添加剂为氯化石钠、合成酯、自润滑酯、含硫极压剂、含磷极压剂中至少一种；
所述的亲油性表面活性剂为失水山梨醇脂肪酸酯。
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