CN106624279A - Automatic welding method for large-diameter pipe - Google Patents
Automatic welding method for large-diameter pipe Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN106624279A CN106624279A CN201611218009.5A CN201611218009A CN106624279A CN 106624279 A CN106624279 A CN 106624279A CN 201611218009 A CN201611218009 A CN 201611218009A CN 106624279 A CN106624279 A CN 106624279A
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- welding
- diameter pipe
- argon
- welding gun
- arc welding
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/16—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/095—Monitoring or automatic control of welding parameters
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/16—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
- B23K9/167—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas and of a non-consumable electrode
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/235—Preliminary treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/04—Tubular or hollow articles
- B23K2101/06—Tubes
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of welding and provides an automatic welding method for a large-diameter pipe. The automatic welding method comprises the steps that the large-diameter pipe is aligned to an opening and is fixed with a clamping die at the position of the welding opening; argon is injected into the pipe for protection; the position of the welding opening is subjected to continuous argon arc welding; and cooling is conducted firstly after finishing welding, then high-temperature tempering heat treatment is conducted, a function of the moving speed with time of a welding gun is arranged, finally the welding gun is fixed in a fixed distance L0, and automatic welding is controlled. Stability of the welding gun is kept in the whole process, and welding efficiency and the consistency of a welding seam are improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to steel-pipe welding technical field, more particularly to a kind of large-diameter pipe automatic soldering method.
Background technology
Large-diameter pipe is of many uses, domestic and international large-scale power station reheating hot pipe, superheater pipeline, thermoelectric plant main steam
Pipeline etc. has all been applied.At present in construction of fire and electricity welding, large-diameter pipe is usually used manual welding, and manual welding is to welder
Operating technology require it is higher, what real-time welder's lazy weight, welder technology strength were not enough, welding work is lacked experience etc. et al.
Factor, can directly affect the welding quality of large diameter pipeline, so as to affect whole construction quality security problems.
The content of the invention
In view of the above problems, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of large-diameter pipe automatic soldering method, it is intended to solve existing
The welding procedure for having large-diameter pipe cannot ensure the technical problem of welding quality.
The large-diameter pipe automatic soldering method comprises the steps：
Large-diameter pipe is carried out into counterpart, and is fixed using clamping in weld bond position；
Filling steel pipes with argon is protected；
Butt welding mouth position carries out continuous argon arc welding；
First cool down after the completion of welding, then carry out high tempering heat treatment；
Wherein described continuous argon arc welding process is as follows：
By real-time detection welding gun and the distance of weld bond position, control welding gun is near the weld bond position of large-diameter pipe, welding gun
Translational speed y be：
Wherein a, k, t1-t3For constant, t4At moment when for the distance of welding gun and large-diameter pipe being L, Δ t is that welding gun slows down
Time, 0-t1For preliminary startup stage, t1-t2For even boost phase, t2-t3For slow boost phase, t3-t4For at the uniform velocity rank
Section, t4+ Δ t is the decelerating phase；
When welding gun from start to finally stop near large-diameter pipe after, control welding gun distance fine regulation so that welding gun and great Kou
The distance of footpath pipe is equal to L0；
Then welding gun is around large-diameter pipe weld bond position circular motion and carries out automatic bottoming welding；
Then automated, multi-level weld seam arc welding is carried out.
Further, default settings reference rangeReference speedAnd benchmark deceleration timeIf then
SoOtherwiseIfSo thenOtherwiseWherein b, c
For regulation coefficient, n for constant velocity stage stabilized speed, n=k (t2-t1)+2at1 2。
Further, if large-diameter pipe two ends are opening, by large-diameter pipe internal diameter specification cutting aluminium sheet and heat-preservation cotton system
Make argon filling instrument, argon filling instrument is put in large-diameter pipe before counterpart, stop argon filling after the completion of second layer electric arc welding again.
Further, complete if large-diameter pipe one or both ends mouth connects, before counterpart, in the side pipe for having connected
Blocked with solvable cardboard in road, opposite side dead end can be sealed up with capping or aluminium sheet, heat-preservation cotton, and from port argon filling is carried out.
Further, before argon filling, need to retain a float air scoop, and by remaining position High temperature-resistanadhesive adhesive tape at weld bond
All seal up, after argon filling for a period of time after, in emptying gas port or the position for preparing welding is torn, with lighter or little scraps of paper side
Whether method, test argon gas is full of sealed air chamber, and during argon filling, it can be 20-30L/min to start flow, during argon arc welding welding,
Argon filling flow should be maintained at 8-10L/min, after confirmation is full of, bottom argon arc welding be carried out, before argon arc welding, using electrical heating side
Formula is preheated, and hot temperature is 220 DEG C；At the end of argon arc welding welding closes on, i.e., argon arc welding sealing before, due to air chamber argon gas from
This mouth is gone out, therefore, need in time reduce argon filling argon flow amount.
Further, in welding process, welding action should be continuously finished, if be forced to interrupt, need to be always maintained at
300-350 DEG C of temperature, until restart welding, in case the defect such as cracking；When welding again, nothing should be gone through and confirmed
After crackle, welding can be continued.
Further, weld seam is completed after welding, is initially cooled to 100-80 DEG C, constant temperature 2 hours, then is carried out at high tempering heat
Reason；When such as can not be heat-treated immediately, 350 DEG C, the constant temperature rear heat treatment of 2 hours should be done；When in welding process or being heat-treated
During occur abnormal conditions power-off when, immediately dehydrogenation need to be carried out to weld seam.
Further, the warming and cooling rate of heat treatment process is calculated by 250 × 25/ wall thickness DEG C/h, but should<150℃/h；Heat
The thermostat temperature of process is 750-770 DEG C, and constant temperature time is calculated by every 25mm thickness 1h, but must not be less than 4h；Cool to 300 DEG C
When, can not temperature control, insulation material do not remove, natural cooling.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows：The present invention adopts automatic control soldering, and rationally control welding gun is near large-diameter pipe
Moving process, it is ensured that slow starting and slow reduction of speed, it is to avoid welding gun significantly vibrates, and weld after stopping, if welding gun distance
Weld bond position and desired distance L0There is deviation, can be finely adjusted with Butt welding gun distance, in welding process, welding gun and weld bond
Distance keeps constant, it is ensured that the uniformity and welding quality of welding；Simultaneously in a preferred approach, to argon filling process and welded
Journey further carries out technological parameter restriction, further ensures welding quality.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of large-diameter pipe automatic soldering method provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the graph of a relation of the translational speed with the time of welding gun.
Specific embodiment
In order that the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention become more apparent, it is right below in conjunction with drawings and Examples
The present invention is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein is only to explain the present invention, and
It is not used in the restriction present invention.
In order to illustrate technical solutions according to the invention, illustrate below by specific embodiment.
As shown in figure 1, the large-diameter pipe automatic soldering method that the present embodiment is provided comprises the steps：
Step S1, large-diameter pipe is carried out counterpart, and fixed using clamping in weld bond position.
This step carries out counterpart to large-diameter pipe first, then weld bond is fixed using clamping in weld bond position, but curved
The clampings such as head, threeway are relatively difficult to applicable position and must use chock.When automatic welding is to chock position, need to stop, and
Be purged and polish work to chock.
Step S2, filling steel pipes with argon protection.
Nitrogen charging has two kinds of situations：
If pipe ends are opening, by the internal diameter specification cutting aluminium sheet and heat-preservation cotton of then pressing large-diameter pipe argon filling work is made
Tool, is put into argon filling instrument in pipeline before counterpart, stops argon filling after the completion of second layer electric arc welding again, to prevent tube wall temperature
Degree declines suddenly, and now closure plate can't be pulled out immediately.Due to air chamber temperature it is higher, therefore, before each argon filling must check closure plate
Seal degree, the closure plate to playing sealing function should change in time.
If pipeline one or both ends mouth connects completing, before counterpart, must be with solvable in the side ducts for having connected
Cardboard is blocked, and opposite side dead end can be sealed up with capping or aluminium sheet, heat-preservation cotton, and from port argon filling is carried out.Solvable cardboard should be from weldering
There is certain distance at mouth center, in case cardboard is burnt in welding process.
In addition, before argon filling, needing to retain a float air scoop, by remaining position High temperature-resistanadhesive adhesive tape whole at weld bond
Seal up, after argon filling for a period of time after, emptying gas port or tear prepare welding position, with lighter or the little scraps of paper etc. side
Whether method, test argon gas is full of sealed air chamber, and during argon filling, beginning flow is 20-30L/min, after argon arc welding welding starts, is filled
Argon flow should be maintained at 8-10L/min.After confirmation is full of, then carry out bottom argon arc welding.During bottom argon arc welding, Ying Jingchang
The full level of argon gas in air chamber is checked, argon filling flow is adjusted at any time.At the end of argon arc welding welding closes on, i.e. argon arc welding sealing
Before, because air chamber argon gas is gone out from this mouth, therefore, need in time reduce argon filling argon flow amount, concrete flow is in practice of construction
It is adjusted.
Step S3, butt welding mouth position carry out continuous argon arc welding.
Argon arc welding carries out first bottoming welding, then carries out multilayer weld welding, at least three layers weld seam.Prior art
In, large-diameter pipe bottoming and the welding of each layer weld seam are all to be difficult to keep using the distance of manually welding, welding gun and weld bond, therefore
Weld appearance is untidy, and uniformity is poor, in addition man-hour manually hand-held welding gun, welding gun also easily with pipeline occur touch by mistake, damage pipeline
Surface.
In order to solve this problem, in bottoming welding and multilayer weld welding welding gun automatic control soldering, backing welding are adopted
When connecing, welding gun is fixed by mechanical arm, then control machinery arm in approach process, passes through with certain speed near pipeline
Sensor real-time detection welding gun tungsten electrode end and the distance and the speed of welding gun of large-diameter pipe weld bond position, control welding gun with speed
Near the weld bond position of large-diameter pipe, with reference to shown in Fig. 2, in approach process, translational speed y of welding gun is degree y：
Wherein a, k, t1-t3For constant, t4At moment when for the distance of welding gun and large-diameter pipe being L, Δ t is that welding gun slows down
Time；
Here, 0-t1For preliminary startup stage, t1-t2For even boost phase, t2-t3For slow boost phase, t3-t4For even
Fast stage, t4+ Δ t is the decelerating phase.Start to be slowly increased from 0 in preliminary startup stage welding gun speed, relation function is y=
ax2, then even boost phase, slope is k, then the slow boost phases of Jing until speed reach it is stable, in whole accelerator,
t1When inscribe welding gun speed at1 2, t2When inscribe, welding gun speed be k (t2-t1)+at1 2, the value is set as m, last t3Moment welds
After rifle velocity-stabilization gets off, speed is k (t2-t1)+2at1 2, the value is set as n.In above-mentioned accelerator, t1-t3And a, k are
The constant of setting, t1-t3It is smaller that too small, otherwise final stabilized speed n should not be typically set, loses time, if t1-t3
The setting time is larger, and final stabilized speed n is played on the one hand also to compare and lost time, on the other hand in deceleration rank than larger
Duan Zhong, buffer distance is inadequate.As a kind of suitable set of time, t1=0.3s, t2=0.5s, t3=0.8s.Design parameter sets
Putting to be debugged according to the actual requirements.
In constant velocity stage, the holding speed of welding gun is n, real-time detection to distance be gradually reduced, set-up of control system has
One estimated value reduces speed now apart from L when welding gun is L with the distance of large-diameter pipe, and Δ t is the deceleration time for arranging, typically
0.4s is may be configured as, moderating process is also a progressive formation, it is impossible to which play stops.
If L and Δ t are definite value, if it is contemplated that speed n it is larger and in the case of Δ t is less, welding gun slows down
Time not enough, easily produces shake.It is this as a kind of preferred embodiment, L and Δ t can be according to speed n self-adaptative adjustment.
Specifically, default settings：Reference rangeReference speedAnd benchmark deceleration timeIf thenSoOtherwiseIfSo thenOtherwiseWherein b, c are
Regulation coefficient.It is inversely proportional to speed n and inspection deceleration time Δ t apart from L, in addition, limiting deceleration time maximum, it is to avoid during deceleration
Between it is long cause deceleration distance excessive, welding gun collides with weld bond position.
When welding gun from start to finally stop near large-diameter pipe after, welding gun distance fine regulation can be controlled so that welding gun with
The distance of large-diameter pipe is equal to L0, last welding gun is around large-diameter pipe weld bond position circular motion and carries out backing welding and connects.For
Special circumstances, during than if any welding insufficient space below obstacle or large-diameter pipe, can rotate large-diameter pipe is carried out point
Section welding fabrication.Then three layers of weld seam welding are carried out, automated manner welding is also adopted by.
As a kind of preferred embodiment, during in order to avoid breaking down or deceleration distance is long so that welding gun and great Kou
There is accident collision in footpath pipe, when the distance for detecting is less than critical distance d, directly controls welding gun and stop, while closing immediately
Power supply.
During this, welding includes that bottoming is welded and three layers of weld seam welding afterwards, is welded using dish-type welding wire during welding
Connect.In welding process, when tungsten level bottom argon arc welding and welding rod fill first and second layer of weld seam, to prevent the root of weld from aoxidizing, weldering
Seam back must carry out argon-filled protection, and little specification multi-layer multi-pass welding is adopted during welding.Weld bond should be entered before welding by regulation requirement
Row preheating.Pre-heating mean adopts Electric heating, and during bottom argon arc welding, preheating temperature is 220 DEG C.Argon should be in advance conveyed during striking
Gas, excludes the air in argon gas conveying leather hose and at weld bond；After blow-out, answer suitable time-delay to supply gas and (protect not yet cooling tungsten electrode
And bath), reduce face of weld degree of oxidation.During tungsten level bottom argon arc welding, root run is gone through, it is ensured that without root
Visual defects, heat up after the completion of bottoming by technological requirement, and carry out sublevel welding immediately；The layer thickness 2.8- of bottom argon arc welding
3.2mm.Jing after naked eyes or lens examination confirm the defects such as flawless, welding can be proceeded.When interlayer weldering and cosmetic welding,
Preheating temperature carries out should being remained during welding welding interlayer temperature for 200-300 DEG C after being warming up to 200-300 DEG C, Ying Yan
Lattice control heat input, typically within the scope of 20KJ/cm.The thickness of individual layer welding bead is not more than core diameter used, adopts as far as possible
Welded with slice arrow path；Weave bead welding width is not more than 3 times of core diameter used；Multi-pass welding joint should stagger 10-15mm, together
When note welding as far as possible and must smooth, be easy to scarfing cinder and avoid the occurrence of at " dead angle ".For the pipeline of tube wall ＞ 70mm, when being welded to 20-
During 25mm, welding should be stopped, being heat-treated after carrying out immediately, then do " RT " or " UT " flaw detection, after confirmation is qualified, according still further to
Established procedure is welded.
Weld bond should be continuously finished, if be forced to interrupt, should take measures such as " heat, slow cooling, insulations afterwards "；In the process of interruption
In, 300-350 DEG C of temperature is always maintained at, until restart welding, in case the defect such as cracking；When welding again, should be careful
After reviewing and validate flawless, welding can be continued according to technological requirement.In welding, note joint and receive the quality of arc, receive arc
When molten bath should be filled up, it is to avoid there is arc crater；When capping layer is welded, at least three layers weld seam are middle to there is " normalizing pass " to be advisable,
Being beneficial to improves metal structure and performance.
First cool down after the completion of step S4, welding, then carry out high tempering heat treatment.
Weld seam is completed after welding, is initially cooled to 100-80 DEG C, constant temperature 2 hours, then carries out high tempering heat treatment；Such as can not
When being heat-treated immediately, 350 DEG C, the constant temperature rear heat treatment of 2 hours should be done；When occurring in welding process or in heat treatment process
During abnormal conditions power-off, immediately dehydrogenation need to be carried out to weld seam.Heat treatment heating-cooling speed is based on 250 × 25/ wall thickness DEG C/h
Calculate, but should<150℃/h；Heat treatment thermostat temperature is 750-770 DEG C, and constant temperature time is calculated by every 25mm thickness 1h, but must not be less than
4 hours；When cooling to 300 DEG C, can not temperature control, insulation material do not remove, natural cooling.
Presently preferred embodiments of the present invention is the foregoing is only, not to limit the present invention, all essences in the present invention
Any modification, equivalent and improvement made within god and principle etc., should be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of large-diameter pipe automatic soldering method, it is characterised in that comprise the steps：
Large-diameter pipe is carried out into counterpart, and is fixed using clamping in weld bond position；
Filling steel pipes with argon is protected；
Butt welding mouth position carries out continuous argon arc welding；
First cool down after the completion of welding, then carry out high tempering heat treatment；
Wherein described continuous argon arc welding process is as follows：
By real-time detection welding gun and the distance of weld bond position, control welding gun is near the weld bond position of large-diameter pipe, approach process
Translational speed y of middle welding gun is：
Wherein a, k, t1-t3For constant, t4At moment when for the distance of welding gun and large-diameter pipe weld bond position being L, Δ t is welding gun
The time of deceleration, 0-t1For preliminary startup stage, t1-t2For even boost phase, t2-t3For slow boost phase, t3-t4For at the uniform velocity
Stage, t4+ Δ t is the decelerating phase；
When welding gun from start to finally stop near large-diameter pipe after, control welding gun distance fine regulation so that welding gun and large-diameter pipe
Distance be equal to L0；
Then welding gun is around large-diameter pipe weld bond position circular motion and carries out automatic bottoming tungsten level argon arc welding；
Then automated, multi-level weld seam arc welding is carried out.
2. large-diameter pipe automatic soldering method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that default settings reference rangeBenchmark
SpeedAnd benchmark deceleration timeIf thenSoOtherwiseIfSo thenOtherwiseWherein b, c are regulation coefficient, and n is the stable speed of constant velocity stage
Degree, n=k (t2-t1)+2at1 2。
3. large-diameter pipe automatic soldering method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that if large-diameter pipe two ends are opening,
Argon filling instrument is made by large-diameter pipe internal diameter specification cutting aluminium sheet and heat-preservation cotton, argon filling instrument is put into into large-diameter pipe before counterpart
It is interior, stop argon filling after the completion of second layer electric arc welding again.
4. large-diameter pipe automatic soldering method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that if large-diameter pipe one or both ends mouth is
Connection is completed, then before counterpart, blocked with solvable cardboard in the side ducts for having connected, and opposite side dead end can be with capping or aluminium
Plate, heat-preservation cotton are sealed up, and from port argon filling is carried out.
5. the large-diameter pipe automatic soldering method as described in any one of claim 1-4, it is characterised in that before argon filling, needs to retain
One float air scoop, and remaining position High temperature-resistanadhesive adhesive tape at weld bond is all sealed up, after argon filling for a period of time after, in emptying
Gas port tears the position for preparing welding, and with lighter or little scraps of paper method, whether test argon gas is full of sealed air chamber, argon filling
When, it can be 20-30L/min to start flow, and during argon tungsten-arc welding welding, argon filling flow should be maintained at 8-10L/min, really
Recognize after being full of, carry out tungsten level bottom argon arc welding, before argon arc welding, preheated using Electric heating, preheating temperature is 220
℃；At the end of argon arc welding welding closes on, i.e., before argon arc welding sealing, because air chamber argon gas is gone out from this mouth, therefore, need to subtract in time
Little argon filling argon flow amount.
6. large-diameter pipe automatic soldering method as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that in welding process, welding action should
It is continuously finished, if be forced to interrupt, needs the temperature for being always maintained at 300-350 DEG C, until restart welding, in case produce splitting
The defects such as line；When welding again, should go through and confirm after flawless, welding can be continued.
7. large-diameter pipe automatic soldering method as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that weld seam is completed after welding, is initially cooled to
100-80 DEG C, constant temperature 2 hours, then carry out high tempering heat treatment；When such as can not be heat-treated immediately, 350 DEG C, constant temperature should be done
The rear heat treatment of 2 hours；When there is abnormal conditions power-off in welding process or in heat treatment process, weld seam need to be carried out immediately
Dehydrogenation.
8. large-diameter pipe automatic soldering method as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that the warming and cooling rate of heat treatment process is pressed
250 × 25/ wall thickness DEG C/h is calculated, but should<150℃/h；The thermostat temperature of heat treatment is 750-770 DEG C, and constant temperature time is by every
25mm thickness 1h is calculated, but must not be less than 4h；When cooling to 300 DEG C, can not temperature control, insulation material do not remove, natural cooling.
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| CN113458536A (en) * | 2021-06-18 | 2021-10-01 | 中国能源建设集团天津电力建设有限公司 | Method for butt welding large-diameter steam pipeline under pressure |
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| CN107009100B (en) * | 2017-05-11 | 2019-10-11 | 山东电力建设第一工程公司 | A kind of novel major diameter skew T production method |
| CN107598332A (en) * | 2017-10-16 | 2018-01-19 | 山东电力建设第工程公司 | The welding of large-diameter pipe road and Technology for Heating Processing in novel C B2 heat resisting steel |
| CN107598332B (en) * | 2017-10-16 | 2020-05-08 | 山东电力建设第一工程公司 | Novel CB2 heat-resistant steel medium-large diameter pipeline welding and heat treatment process |
| CN113458536A (en) * | 2021-06-18 | 2021-10-01 | 中国能源建设集团天津电力建设有限公司 | Method for butt welding large-diameter steam pipeline under pressure |
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