CN106613269A - Cultivation method for interplanting mung beans among autumn-stubble pumpkins in south China - Google Patents
Cultivation method for interplanting mung beans among autumn-stubble pumpkins in south China Download PDFInfo
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- CN106613269A CN106613269A CN201611255812.6A CN201611255812A CN106613269A CN 106613269 A CN106613269 A CN 106613269A CN 201611255812 A CN201611255812 A CN 201611255812A CN 106613269 A CN106613269 A CN 106613269A
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- pumpkin
- mung bean
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- intercrop
- south china
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of vegetable production, and particularly relates to a cultivation method for interplanting mung beans among autumn-stubble pumpkins in south China. The method solves the problem of low land utilization rate in the early growth stage caused by wider row spacing during the pumpkin climbing cultivation, can improve the land utilization rate after intercropping, can provide nitrogen fertilizer for the growth and development of the pumpkins due to the nitrogen fixation function of the root systems of the mung beans, is favorable for improving the pumpkin yield, and can increase the income of the mung beans by 1000 plus 1200 yuan per mu.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to vegetables production technical field, specifically a kind of cultural method of pumpkin intercrop mung bean, it is adaptable to
The production of the ground autumn such as Guangxi, Guangdong, Hainan, Yunnan stubble open country pumpkin.
Background technology
Pumpkin (Cucurbitamoschata (Duch.exLam.) Duch.) is a kind of well received vegetable crop, entirely
As treasured, the equal edible of stem, leaf, flower, fruit and seed, and in pulp rich in carrotene, vitamin C, pectin, starch and
The multiple nutritional components such as various carbohydrates, with high nutritive value and health-care efficacy.In South China of China, varieties of plant with
Based on sweet this class pumpkin, many open countrys are cultivated with climbing, and line space is usually 4m～5m, and in growth early stage, in the ranks space is big, both causes
Land resource is wasted, and easily grows weeds participation Competition for Nutrients, and it is the effective measures for solving this problem to carry out intercrop technology,
Income can be increased again simultaneously.Have no the related cultivation skill of autumn stubble pumpkin intercrop mung bean in various document reports at present
Art.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of cultural method of South China of China autumn stubble pumpkin intercrop mung bean, for solving
Certainly pumpkin growth early stage land utilization ratio and the low problem of output capacity, for Planting household a kind of easy, low cost production technology is provided.
Suitable intercrop crop is selected to be crucial, the problems such as be considered as " time difference ", " space parallax " and " disease pest is poor ", i.e.,
The Crop growing stage for requiring intercrop is staggered, does not mutually block and without common pest and disease damage.Mung bean is autumn stubble pumpkin intercrop
Excellent selection, first, mung bean breeding time is short, is early July～8 in southern autumn stubble sowing time from harvesting is seeded into 60～70 days
The last ten-days period moon, and the breeding time of sweet this class pumpkin is longer, about 120 days, sowing time was early August～late August, therefore, can pass through
Suitable adjustable sowing time, the measure such as planning field planting, rational close planting and training, before pumpkin envelope row in time harvesting mung bean,
Remove stubble and do not affect the normal growth in pumpkin later stage to develop；Secondly, legume root system has nitrogen fixing capacity and improves soil
Earth fertility is acted on, and the development after can bearing fruit for pumpkin provides extra nutrient；Additionally, in mung bean containing rich in protein, Vc and
Inorganic salts etc., are that southern area is passed the summer in a leisurely way the indispensable drink of relieving summer-heat, can be made as the food such as congee with mung beans, green bean paste, mung bean cake, are had
Good market prospects.
The cultural method of South China's autumn stubble pumpkin intercrop mung bean its main technologies of the present invention include：Kind is selected
Select, sowing time arrangement, field planting allocation plan, site preparation-fertilising-rise furrow, sowing and nursery and seedling management, field cultivation
Technical management, pest and disease damage chemical prevention and harvesting.
Wherein：
Fruit variety：Be on the basis of the characteristic kind for selecting high yield, high-quality and precocity, it is prioritizing selection high temperature resistant, drought-resistant
With the kind of anti-/ insect resistance, pumpkin variety requires that annesl is fast and uniform, mung bean variety require the upright compact, stem of plant type it is sturdy,
Branch power is strong, resistant to lodging, ripe fried pod.
Sowing time arranges：It is early July to late August in the suitable sowing time of southern autumn stubble mung bean, autumn stubble pumpkin
Sowing time is early August to the middle ten days, and mung bean adopts direct-seeding, pumpkin to do sth. in advance nursery and then be colonized.In order to ensure mung bean
Grow and do not affect the growth in pumpkin later stage, sowing time and the pumpkin resident time interval of mung bean are no less than 20 days, the autumn
The seedling age of stubble pumpkin is 10-12 days, to sum up factor, the suitable sowing time of mung bean is August 1 to 10, and pumpkin is suitably broadcast
The phase of kind is August 10 to 20, and its resident time is August 20 to 30.In addition, pumpkin should not be sowed too late, otherwise bear fruit
Low temperature effect Fruit and annesl are met afterwards.It is the primary link of agricultural production to begin sowing in good time, and is carried out special during Crop Intercropping
Note the length of interval time, interval time is too short, to each other breeding time overlaps and impact is grown, mung bean is more heat-resisting and raw
It is short to educate the phase, should sow in advance, and pumpkin is then colonized again, and period should reserve the interval time of abundance, it is ensured that stretch climing to green in pumpkin
Harvesting before beans row finishes mung bean.
Field planting allocation plan：Furrow length≤30 m, furrow width 4-5m, furrow width is adjusted according to the habit of plant,
Early-maturing variety growth potential is weaker, can suitably reduce line-spacing, and many growth potentials of middle-late ripening variety are prosperous, and main stem length, section position of bearing fruit are high, can fit
When increase line-spacing；Silver grey bicolor mulching film is covered at 1.5m on the furrow, 1 drip irrigation zone is laid in middle position under film, in furrow on the right side
On pumpkin is planted at the m of right side furrow side 0.75, take single file planting patterns, spacing in the rows 0.6-0.8 m, spacing in the rows is according to plant growing way
It is adjusted with training type, mung bean is planted in climbing climing in opposite direction away from furrow side 0.2-0.3 m positions with pumpkin.
Site preparation-fertilising-play furrow：The front deep ploughing soil of plantation is simultaneously raked, and then applies enough base fertilizer, and fertilizer is with farmers' of becoming thoroughly decomposed
Based on fertilizer or fertilizer, then appropriate Fu Shi composite fertilizers fully mix thoroughly with soil, according to setting specification laying drip irrigation zone, cover
Silver grey bicolor mulching film and a furrow.In terms of a width of 4-5m of furrow, the long 30m of furrow, per furrow fertilizer amount:Well-rotted farmyard manure or fertilizer
100kg, N: P2O5:K2O=15:15:15 compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 3kg, containing K2O is 50% potassium sulphate fertilizer 3kg and containing P2O5For
12% calcium magnesium phosphate 1.5kg, then fully mixes fertilizer and soil, lays drip irrigation zone, covers width 1.5m, and thickness is
The silver grey bicolor mulching film of 0.02mm.
Sowing and nursery and seedling management：Mung bean adopt bar broadcast mode, first trench digging apply enough base fertilizer, then by fertilizer with
After soil is mixed, then be sown into seed, during sowing should not it is too deep, sow feeding-up or excessively dilute, calculate by 30m, often row application rate
0.5kg；Mung bean breeding time is short, needs fertilizer to concentrate, and for streamlining management, mung bean only applies base manure during intercrop, is not topdressed, base
Fertilizer based on well-rotted farmyard manure or fertilizer, per furrow consumptions：Well-rotted farmyard manure or fertilizer 50kg, N: P2O5:K2O=15:15:
15 compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 2kg, after fertilizer is mixed thoroughly with soil, trench digging is sown into seed, and per furrow sowing quantity 0.5kg, then earthing, pours
Sufficient moisture.Pumpkin is hoted water treatment of seeds and after vernalization, the seed that will show money or valuables one carries unintentionally is clicked and entered in seedlings nursing plate, seedling stage using mode of planting after first nursery
Note extracing not de- kind of shell, water management and prevention samping off in time, and aphid, trialeurodes vaporariorum transmitted virus disease.Before pumpkin is broadcast
Drying seed 1-2h can improve the germination percentage of seed, and seed adopts germination hastening method of hoting water treatment of seeds, Jing after 24-36h seeds show money or valuables one carries unintentionally
Sowing, sows with the seedlings nursing plate and the special seedling medium of melon vegetables in 50 holes, and 1 grain germination seed is sowed per hole, and radicle is downward, about
Start talent arch soil within 3 days or so to emerge, timely manual removal plants shell when early in the morning dew is not dry, seedling stage notes preventing aphid, trialeurodes vaporariorum to pass
Broadcast virosis, can with 1.8% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate, 800 times of liquid and 25% 2000 times of liquid mixed atomizings of Diacloden water dispersible granules,
Sprayed every 5～6 days 1 time, carry out altogether 2 times.Seedling stage is preferably watering early in the morning or at dusk, it then follows " do not do and do not pour, pour, irrigate "
Principle, never the noon high temperature period water.
Field cultivation technical management be pumpkin in good time field planting, in time remove weeds in field, remove early unnecessary side shoot and
Keep down the vines of a creeping plant, the artificial supplementary pollination of pumpkin and the step of the rich water quality management of field.The heart of 1 leaf of seedling 1, can be colonized during high 8-12cm, fixed
Plant was preferably selected in cloudy day or fine day afternoon 5：Carry out after 00, spacing in the rows 0.6-0.8m, field planting spacing in the rows according to plant strain growth habit and
Training type is adjusted, and growth potential is strong, blade is big kind adopts wider spacing in the rows, using spacing in the rows should be increased during three climing trainings,
Earthing should be higher than that nursery soil 1cm is advisable after field planting, and root water is irrigated after field planting.Should concentrate between pumpkin is kept down the vines of a creeping plant carries out 1 time clearly
Cut weeds process, weeds should remove with reference to intertillage in mung bean row, and pumpkin inter-row weed can be removed using herbicide.Mung bean is from emerging
To middle weeding 2-3 time of blooming, middle weeding can increase soil oxygen content, promote the activity of root system development and rhizobium, can promote
Enter the growth of adventitious root, promote trunk diameter growth and prevent lodging.Common training type has 3 kinds, i.e., single climing training, double climing trainings
With three climing trainings, extract the whole side shoots below main stem First female flower during single climing training, main stem of selecting and remain the 1st, 2 female flowers and
1 side shoot of middle node position is beared fruit；Whole side shoots below per climing 1st female flower are extractd during double climing trainings, the 1st, 2 female flowers of selecting and remain are sat
Really；Whole side shoots below per climing First female flower are extractd during three climing trainings, per climing 1, melon is stayed.Start ridging pressure during climing long 1m
It is climing, keep down the vines of a creeping plant 1 time every 1m, carry out 3-4 time altogether.Growth is let alone after bearing fruit, is no longer pruned or is kept down the vines of a creeping plant.Suitable pollination time
For the morning 7：00～11：00, the fine day male flower pollen that the same day opens smears female chapiter, and every male flower can award 3-4 female flower,
The previous day opened in male flower during the rainy day plucks at dusk male flower, loads polybag interior sealing and preserves, normal pollination in the 2nd day.When
After one melon is sat, topdress in time, fertilizer is applied after fully dissolving by water-fertilizer integral system, fertilizer preferably uses high potassium type a large amount of
The water-soluble fertilizer of element or liquid fertilizer, concentration is controlled in 1-2%, per furrow consumption 3kg.
Pest and disease damage chemical prevention:Autumn stubble plantation main diseases and insect pests have powdery mildew, rust, virosis, aphid, trialeurodes vaporariorum, Huang
Cucumber beetle and liriomyza bryoniae etc..Should in accordance with the plant protection policy of " putting prevention first, integrated control ", adhere to " cultural control, physical control,
Based on biological control, supplemented by chemical prevention " Harmless control principle prevented and treated.Chemical method answers Symptomatic medicine when preventing and treating,
The medicament that preventing and treating the medicament of powdery mildew has kresoxim-methyl, triazolone and ethirimol etc., control rust has carboxin, triadimefon, Wuyi
Mycin etc., it is anti-eliminate aphis, the medicament of trialeurodes vaporariorum has AVM, imidacloprid or Diacloden etc., prevent and treat the medicament of aulacophora femoralis and have pungent
Sulphur phosphorus or pyrethrin pesticide, preventing and treating the medicament of liriomyza bryoniae has cyromazine.
Harvesting includes that mung bean and pumpkin harvest two parts, can harvest after more than 75% GREEN PEAS annesl, harvesting should be
Morning dew is not dry or carries out at dusk, and deinsectization of being exposed to the sun is carried out before warehouse-in.In time the ripe mung bean of harvesting, is exposed to the sun too long, easily draws
Play beanpod to burst, meanwhile, field stubble should be early removed, on the one hand sufficient space is provided for pumpkin growth, the opposing party removes green
The parasitic a large amount of germs of beans plant and insect.Pumpkin harvesting standard be annesl completely, pericarp be hardened, it is close drape over one's shoulders wax powder, stay after harvesting
The long carpopodiums of 1cm, and attention control scratch.
Specific prevention and controls are as follows：
Powdery mildew：Premorbid, with 50% water dispersion granules agent of Kresoxim, 3000 times of liquid spraying preventing and treatings, every dispenser in 10-14 days 1 time, connects
Continuous dispenser 2 times；Early stage, with 15% 800-1000 times of liquid spraying preventing and treating of trazodone wettable powder, every dispenser in 7-10 days
1 time, continuous dispenser 2-3 time.Spraying prevention effect is optimal when early in the morning dew is not dry on leaf.
Aphid：From 1200-1500 times of liquid of 3% aqueous emulsion of natural pyrethrum, or 70% imidacloprid water dispersible granule 1500-
2000 times of liquid, or 50% Aphox water dispersible granules, 2000 times of liquid spraying preventing and treatings, every dispenser in 7-10 days 1 time, continuous dispenser 2 times.
Aulacophora femoralis：It is anti-from 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate, 1000 times of liquid, or the 1000 times of liquid sprayings of 50g/LS- fenvalerates aqua
Control, every dispenser in 7-10 days 1 time, continuous dispenser 2-3 time.
Trialeurodes vaporariorum：Can be with 25% 1500-3000 times of liquid of Diacloden water dispersible granules, or 70% imidacloprid wettable powder
7000-8000 times of liquid, every dispenser in 7-10 days 1 time, continuous dispenser 2 times.
Liriomyza bryoniae：Can be with 50% 2000 times of liquid of cyromazine soluble powder, or 25% Chlorbenzuron deflocculant, 1500 times of liquid spray
Mist is prevented and treated, every dispenser in 7-10 days 1 time, continuous dispenser 2-3 time.
Mung bean, another name：Semen phaseoli radiati, Lu beans, plant beans door, Classification system：Vigna radiata (Linn.) Wilczek,
Mung bean is the one kind in the middle of modal beans species, is that we can have sweet mung bean soup that is good to eat and relieving summer heat in hot summer.It is green
Beans are traditional bean foods of our people.The mineral matters such as multivitamin, calcium, phosphorus, iron in mung bean are all more than Jing rice.Cause
This, it not only has good edibility, also with extraordinary medical value, there is the saying of " the good paddy benefited mankind ".Three or four
Sow between month, its chi of height of seedling one or so, its leaf is little and has fine, soft fur, and to eight, September little Hua is opened, and its beanpod is as red bean
Pod.Having many uses for it, can cook mung bean cake, can be with mung bean sprouts.Nature and flavor：It is sweet, it is cold in nature, it is nontoxic.Classical TCM is thought：Can
Removing stasis as well as detumescence and ventilation, it is clearing heat and detoxicating.The grinding of raw mung bean is twisted into into juice to swallow, erysipelas can be cured, dysphoria with smothery sensation rubella, remedies start, hot gas
Pentium.Mend stomach.Pillow can be made, make eyes limpid.Anemogenous headache can be controlled, vomiting is eliminated.Jing often eats, help vigour, and tune five
It is dirty, calm the nerves, pass through the twelve regular channels, and except scurf removing, skin care, liquor soup can quench one's thirst, and solve the poison of all medicinal herbs, the oxen and horses, metal and stone.
Expert points out that the protein in mung bean is more than chicken, and calcium is 7 times of chicken, and iron is 4 to 5 times of chicken, and has abundant dimension life
Plain C, B group, carrotene etc..In the traditional Chinese medical science, mung bean can be used as medicine, the effects such as step-down with clearing away summerheat, the diuresis that purifies the blood, improving eyesight,
It is rare " good paddy of benefiting mankind ".Mung bean also has toxin expelling skin makeup, antianaphylactic function.Such as easy bicker papula, fester, easily
Long small pox, the people for often having allergic phenomena, should eat mung bean more.Eating this phenomenon for a long time will soon be improved more.
The advantage of cultural method of South China's autumn stubble pumpkin intercrop mung bean of the present invention is：
1st, the cultural method of South China's autumn stubble pumpkin intercrop mung bean of the invention is solved because of line-spacing when pumpkin is cultivated with climbing
The wider and low problem of growth early stage land utilization ratio that causes, after carrying out intercrop, not only can improve land utilization ratio, and
The root system nitrogen fixation of mung bean can be the offer nitrogenous fertilizer that grows of pumpkin, be conducive to improving pumpkin yield, while increasing mung bean
Income, per mu can to increase income 1000-1200 first.
2nd, it is maximum on the basis of cultivated area is constant by adjustment pumpkin and sowing time and the field planting orientation of mung bean
Degree ground provides enough spaces for the growth of pumpkin and mung bean, improves the utilization rate and output capacity in soil；By mung bean
Root system nitrogen fixation, had both reduced the consumption of nitrogenous fertilizer, was conducive to improving soil texture again；Using water-fertilizer integral and irrigation under film
Technology, had not only improve the application efficiency of fertilizer but also had saved labour.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the filed planning figure of pumpkin and mung bean intercrop；The long 30m of furrow, furrow width 4-5m, on the furrow on the right side at 1.5m
Silver grey bicolor mulching film is covered, 1 drip irrigation zone is laid in middle position under film, pumpkin, spacing in the rows are being planted at the 0.75m of right side furrow side
0.6-0.8m, pumpkin tendril creeps to the left, and mung bean is planted in furrow right side at furrow 0.2-0.3m；
Fig. 2 is sowing mung bean field figure after 13 days；Mung bean grows 1-2 piece true leaves, and pumpkin is not yet colonized；
Fig. 3 is pumpkin draws climing direction；Sowing mung bean 44 days, field planting pumpkin after 25 days, in blooming fruiting period, stretch climing mung bean by pumpkin
To 1.5-2.0m, unnecessary side shoot is extractd in time, start the 2nd time to keep down the vines of a creeping plant；
Fig. 4 is that mung bean starts harvesting；Gradually annesl completely, starts to harvest mung bean GREEN PEAS after sowing 65 days, and pumpkin is initially entered
Bloom the phase of bearing fruit.
Specific embodiment
In order that technical scheme and advantage are clearer, with reference to embodiments of the invention, to the present invention
Technical scheme be clearly and completely described.
South China's autumn stubble pumpkin intercrop mung bean can be completed using following steps：
（1）Fruit variety：The southern area 7-8 months are summer high temperature period, and rainfall is few, and pest and disease damage is multiple, therefore, taking into account height
Produce, outside traditional major traits such as high-quality and precocity, preferably from high temperature resistant, the strong kind of drought-resistant and anti-/ insect resistance, for disease
Evil is mainly beans rust and powdery mildew, melon virosis and powdery mildew, and pumpkin variety requires that annesl is fast and uniform, mung bean variety
Requiring plant type, upright compact, stem is sturdy, branch power is strong, resistant to lodging, ripe do not fry pod etc..
（2）Sowing time arranges：The suitable sowing time of mung bean is August 1 to 10, and the Suitable Sowing Period of pumpkin is August
10 to 20, its resident time was August 20 to 30.
（3）Field planting allocation plan：Pumpkin is trailing plant, climing long more than 5m, a width of 4-5m of furrow, furrow during field planting
A length of 30m.In furrow face right side, using single file planting patterns, spacing in the rows is 60-80cm to pumpkin planting, and tendril creeps to the left, mung bean kind
Plant at the 0.2-0.3m of furrow right side.
（4）Site preparation, fertilising, a furrow：The front deep ploughing soil of plantation is simultaneously raked, and then starts to apply base manure, and base manure is with agriculture of becoming thoroughly decomposed
Based on family's fertilizer or fertilizer, composite fertilizer is properly added, fertilizer is put in the range of the 1.5m of furrow face right side, with a width of 4-5m of furrow, furrow
Long 30m meters, per furrow fertilizer amount:Well-rotted farmyard manure or fertilizer 100kg, N: P2O5:K2O=15:15:15 potassium sulfate is combined
Fertile 3kg, containing K2O is 50% potassium sulphate fertilizer 3kg and containing the calcium magnesium phosphate 1.5kg that P2O5 is 12%, then fills in fertilizer and soil
Divide and mix, lay drip irrigation zone, cover width 1.5m, thickness is the silver grey bicolor mulching film of 0.02mm.
（5）Mung bean is sowed：Using live, bar broadcast mode, first ditch and apply base fertilizer, after fertilizer is mixed with soil, be sprinkled into kind
Son, pours moisture.Mung bean breeding time is short, needs fertilizer to concentrate, and for streamlining management, mung bean only applies base manure during intercrop, does not carry out
Topdress, base manure based on well-rotted farmyard manure or fertilizer, per furrow consumptions：Well-rotted farmyard manure or fertilizer 50kg, N: P2O5:K2O
=15:15:15 compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 2kg, after fertilizer is mixed thoroughly with soil, trench digging is sown into seed, per furrow sowing quantity 0.5kg, so
Afterwards earthing, pours moisture.
（6）Pumpkin nursery and management：Seed 1-2h is dried before broadcasting can improve the germination percentage of seed, and seed is adopted and hoted water treatment of seeds
Germination hastening method, Jing after 24-36h seeds show money or valuables one carries unintentionally by sow, sow with the seedlings nursing plate and the special seedling medium of melon vegetables in 50 holes, often
1 grain germination seed is sowed in hole, and radicle downwards, starts talent arch soil in about 3 days or so and emerges, timely manual removal's kind when early in the morning dew is not dry
Shell, seedling stage notes preventing aphid, trialeurodes vaporariorum transmitted virus disease, can be with 1.8% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate, 800 times of liquid and 25% Diacloden
2000 times of liquid mixed atomizings of water dispersible granules, sprayed 1 time every 5～6 days, carried out altogether 2 times.Seedling stage is preferably pouring early in the morning or at dusk
Water, it then follows the principle of " do not do and do not pour, pour, irrigate ", never the noon high temperature period water.
（7）Pumpkin is colonized：The heart of 1 leaf of seedling 1, during high 8-12cm can field planting, field planting preferably selected in cloudy day or fine day afternoon
5：Carry out after 00, spacing in the rows 0.6-0.8m, field planting spacing in the rows is adjusted according to plant strain growth habit and training type, growth potential
By force, the big kind of blade adopts wider spacing in the rows, and using increasing spacing in the rows during three climing trainings, earthing should be higher than that nursery soil after field planting
1cm is advisable, and root water is irrigated after field planting.
（8）Remove weeds in field：Should concentrate between pumpkin is kept down the vines of a creeping plant carries out 1 removing weeds process, weeds in mung bean row
Should remove with reference to intertillage, pumpkin inter-row weed can be removed using herbicide.Mung bean middle weeding 2-3 time from emerging to blooming, in
Weeding can increase soil oxygen content, promote the activity of root system development and rhizobium, can promote the growth of adventitious root, promote stem
Grow and prevent lodging.
（9）Pumpkin Plant adjustment with keep down the vines of a creeping plant：Common training type has 3 kinds, i.e., single climing training, double climing trainings and three are climing whole
Branch, extracts the whole side shoots below main stem First female flower, main stem of selecting and remain the 1st, 2 female flowers and middle node position during single climing training
1 side shoot bear fruit；Whole side shoots below per climing 1st female flower are extractd during double climing trainings, the 1st, 2 female flowers of selecting and remain are beared fruit；Three is climing whole
Whole side shoots below per climing First female flower are extractd during branch, per climing 1, melon is stayed.Start ridging during climing long 1m to keep down the vines of a creeping plant, every 1m pressures
Climing 1 time, carry out 3-4 time altogether.Growth is let alone after bearing fruit, is no longer pruned or is kept down the vines of a creeping plant.
（10）Mung bean is harvested：The 2/3 of whole pods becomes pitchy and starts harvesting, and harvesting should in the morning dew be dry or is close to
Evening is carried out, and deinsectization of being exposed to the sun is carried out before warehouse-in.In time the ripe mung bean of harvesting, is exposed to the sun too long, easily causes beanpod to burst, meanwhile,
Field stubble should be early removed, on the one hand sufficient space is provided for pumpkin growth, the opposing party removes a large amount of of Mung Bean Plant parasitism
Germ and insect.
（11）Artificial supplementary pollination：Suitable pollination time is the morning 7：00～11：00, fine day is spent with the male flower that the same day opens
Powder smears female chapiter, and every male flower can award 3-4 female flower, and the previous day opened in male flower during the rainy day plucks at dusk male flower, dress
Enter the preservation of polybag interior sealing, normal pollination in the 2nd day.
（12）Field rich water quality management：After first melon is beared fruit, topdress in time, fertilizer fully dissolve after by liquid manure one
Change system is applied, and fertilizer preferably uses high potassium type Macroelement water-soluble fertilizer or liquid fertilizer, and concentration is controlled in 1-2%, per furrow consumption
3kg。
（13）Pest and disease damage chemical prevention：Autumn stubble plantation main diseases and insect pests have powdery mildew, rust, virosis, aphid, white powder
Lice, aulacophora femoralis and liriomyza bryoniae etc..Should adhere to " cultural control, physics in accordance with the plant protection policy of " putting prevention first, integrated control "
Preventing and treating, based on biological control, supplemented by chemical prevention " Harmless control principle prevented and treated.
Specific prevention and controls are as follows：
Powdery mildew：Premorbid, with 50% water dispersion granules agent of Kresoxim, 3000 times of liquid spraying preventing and treatings, every dispenser in 10-14 days 1 time, connects
Continuous dispenser 2 times；Early stage, with 15% 800-1000 times of liquid spraying preventing and treating of trazodone wettable powder, every dispenser in 7-10 days
1 time, continuous dispenser 2-3 time.Spraying prevention effect is optimal when early in the morning dew is not dry on leaf.
Aphid：From 1200-1500 times of liquid of 3% aqueous emulsion of natural pyrethrum, or 70% imidacloprid water dispersible granule 1500-
2000 times of liquid, or 50% Aphox water dispersible granules, 2000 times of liquid spraying preventing and treatings, every dispenser in 7-10 days 1 time, continuous dispenser 2 times.
Aulacophora femoralis：It is anti-from 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate, 1000 times of liquid, or the 1000 times of liquid sprayings of 50g/LS- fenvalerates aqua
Control, every dispenser in 7-10 days 1 time, continuous dispenser 2-3 time.
Trialeurodes vaporariorum：Can be with 25% 1500-3000 times of liquid of Diacloden water dispersible granules, or 70% imidacloprid wettable powder
7000-8000 times of liquid, every dispenser in 7-10 days 1 time, continuous dispenser 2 times.
Liriomyza bryoniae：Can be with 50% 2000 times of liquid of cyromazine soluble powder, or 25% Chlorbenzuron deflocculant, 1500 times of liquid spray
Mist is prevented and treated, every dispenser in 7-10 days 1 time, continuous dispenser 2-3 time.
（14）Pumpkin is harvested：Pumpkin to eat based on old melon, autumn stubble fruit development period 40-50 days, when melon skin annesl completely,
Melon skin is hardened, and is difficult to pinch with nail, can harvest when cured powder occurs in surface, stays carpopodium 2cm, classification harvesting gently to pluck during harvesting
Put down gently, prevent from damaging.
Described above is not limitation of the present invention, and the present invention is also not limited to examples detailed above, the art it is general
Logical technical staff, in the essential scope of the present invention, change, remodeling, addition or the replacement made should all belong to the guarantor of the present invention
Shield scope.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of cultural method of South China's autumn stubble pumpkin intercrop mung bean, it is characterised in that：Including Fruit variety, sowing time
Arrangement, field planting allocation plan, site preparation-fertilising-rise furrow, sowing and nursery and seedling management, field cultivation technical management,
The step of pest and disease damage chemical prevention and harvesting.
2. the cultural method of South China's autumn stubble pumpkin intercrop mung bean according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described
Fruit variety：Be on the basis of the characteristic kind for selecting high yield, high-quality and precocity, prioritizing selection high temperature resistant, it is drought-resistant and
The kind of anti-/ insect resistance, pumpkin variety requirement annesl is fast and uniform, and mung bean variety requires that the upright compact, stem of plant type is sturdy, divides
Principal stresses is strong, resistant to lodging, ripe fried pod.
3. the cultural method of South China's autumn stubble pumpkin intercrop mung bean according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described
Sowing time arrange：Mung bean is sowed and is no less than 20 days with the interval time of pumpkin field planting.
4. the cultural method of South China's autumn stubble pumpkin intercrop mung bean according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described
Field planting allocation plan：Furrow length≤30 m, furrow width 4-5m, furrow width is adjusted according to the habit of plant, on furrow
Cover silver grey bicolor mulching film at 1.5m on the right side, laying drip irrigation zone in middle position under film, on furrow at the m of right side furrow side 0.75
Plantation pumpkin, takes single file planting patterns, and spacing in the rows 0.6-0.8 m, spacing in the rows is adjusted according to plant growing way and training type, green
Beans are planted in climbing climing in opposite direction away from furrow side 0.2-0.3 m positions with pumpkin.
5. the cultural method of South China's autumn stubble pumpkin intercrop mung bean according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described
Site preparation-fertilising-rise furrow：The front deep ploughing soil of plantation is simultaneously raked, and then applies enough base fertilizer, and fertilizer is with well-rotted farmyard manure or has
Based on machine fertilizer, then appropriate Fu Shi composite fertilizers fully mix thoroughly with soil, according to setting specification laying drip irrigation zone, cover silver grey double
Color mulch film and a furrow.
6. the cultural method of South China's autumn stubble pumpkin intercrop mung bean according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described
Sowing and nursery and seedling management：Mung bean adopts bar broadcast mode, and first trench digging applies enough base fertilizer, then mixes fertilizer with soil
After even, then be sown into seed, during sowing should not it is too deep, sow feeding-up or excessively dilute, calculate by 30m, every row application rate 0.5kg；Pumpkin
Using mode of planting after first nursery, hot water treatment of seeds and after vernalization, the seed that will show money or valuables one carries unintentionally is clicked and entered in seedlings nursing plate, seedling stage notes excision in time
Kind of a shell, water management and prevention samping off, and aphid, trialeurodes vaporariorum transmitted virus disease are not taken off.
7. the cultural method of South China's autumn stubble pumpkin intercrop mung bean according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described
Field cultivation technical management be pumpkin in good time field planting, in time remove weeds in field, remove early unnecessary side shoot and keep down the vines of a creeping plant, south
The step of artificial supplementary pollination of melon and field rich water quality management.
8. the cultural method of South China's autumn stubble pumpkin intercrop mung bean according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described
Pest and disease damage chemical prevention:The pest and disease damage of mung bean is mainly powdery mildew, rust, aphid, trialeurodes vaporariorum, pumpkin master when autumn stubble is planted
Pest and disease damage is wanted to be mainly virosis, aphid, trialeurodes vaporariorum, aulacophora femoralis and liriomyza bryoniae, chemical method answers Symptomatic medicine when preventing and treating, and prevents and treats
The medicament that the medicament of powdery mildew has kresoxim-methyl, triazolone and ethirimol etc., control rust has carboxin, triadimefon, Astromicin
Deng, it is anti-eliminate aphis, the medicament of trialeurodes vaporariorum has AVM, imidacloprid or Diacloden etc., prevent and treat the medicament of aulacophora femoralis and have phoxim
Or pyrethrin pesticide, preventing and treating the medicament of liriomyza bryoniae has cyromazine.
9. the cultural method of South China's autumn stubble pumpkin intercrop mung bean according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described
Harvesting include that mung bean and pumpkin harvest two parts, after more than 75% GREEN PEAS annesl can harvesting, should avoid frying during harvesting
Pod, should be exposed to the sun after threshing after being dried to put in storage；Pumpkin harvesting standard be annesl completely, pericarp be hardened, it is close drape over one's shoulders wax powder, after harvesting
The long carpopodiums of 1cm, and attention control is stayed to abrade.
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| CN111837834A (en) * | 2020-08-21 | 2020-10-30 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | High-yield cultivation method for pumpkin seedlings |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111837834A (en) * | 2020-08-21 | 2020-10-30 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | High-yield cultivation method for pumpkin seedlings |
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