CN106608248B - Brake and vehicle - Google Patents
Brake and vehicle Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN106608248B CN106608248B CN201510707843.XA CN201510707843A CN106608248B CN 106608248 B CN106608248 B CN 106608248B CN 201510707843 A CN201510707843 A CN 201510707843A CN 106608248 B CN106608248 B CN 106608248B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- friction member
- guide part
- rotor
- brake
- friction
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
- B60T1/00—Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles
- B60T1/02—Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles acting by retarding wheels
- B60T1/06—Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles acting by retarding wheels acting otherwise than on tread, e.g. employing rim, drum, disc, or transmission or on double wheels
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Braking Arrangements (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of brake and vehicles, wherein, the brake includes rotor (2), guide part (3) and friction member (4), rotor (2) has the inner peripheral surface (21) of taper type, guide part be in be coaxial with the rotor line setting it is substantially cylindric, friction member is axially slidably arranged on the cylindrical surface of guide part, the working face (41) of friction member is located at the side away from guide part of the friction member, and the working face is formed as the frustum face to match with the inner peripheral surface of rotor, friction member can under the action of motivator (F) parallel with the axis of rotor (A-A) sliding axially along guide part, so that the working face of the friction member is pressed against on the inner peripheral surface of rotor, to generate brake force.The present invention improves brake efficiency so that motivator is amplified by the wedge-like engagement structure between friction member and rotor.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to motor vehicle braking systems, and in particular, to a kind of brake and the vehicle with the brake.
Background technique
Brake is in braking system to generate the component for hindering the power of vehicle movement or movement tendency.Currently, all kinds of
The friction brake being widely used on automobile can be divided into drum-type and disc type two major classes according to the difference of rotating element.
Drum brake has the following problems: 1. brake efficiency is affected by friction factor, and efficiency is not sufficiently stable；
2. efficiency reduces larger after immersion；3. size and quality are bigger.Disk brake does not have the disadvantage mentioned above of drum brake, but
Lower, the higher problem of brake actuation loine pressure that there is also efficiency.
In addition to this, for the above two major classes brake application when on automobile, components generally occupy entire wheel center
Space, be unfavorable for arranging wheel hub drive, the systems such as Active suspension.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the present invention to provide a kind of higher brakes of brake efficiency.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a kind of vehicles, which is provided with brake of the invention, so that it has
Better braking ability.
To achieve the goals above, according to an aspect of the present invention, a kind of brake, including rotor, guide part are provided
And friction member, the rotor have the inner peripheral surface of taper type, the guide part is in substantially to justify with what the rotor coaxial line was arranged
Column, the friction member be axially slidably arranged on the cylindrical surface of the guide part and relative to the guide part in the circumferential
Locking, the working face of the friction member is located at the side away from the guide part of the friction member, and the working face is formed as
The frustum face to match with the inner peripheral surface of the rotor, the friction member can be in the motivators parallel with the axis of the rotor
Under the action of along the guide part axis slide so that the working face of the friction member is pressed against on the inner peripheral surface of the rotor.
Preferably, the friction member is formed as friction slip, and the brake includes the circumferencial direction along the guide part
Spaced apart multiple friction members, multiple friction member move synchronously.
Preferably, the friction member is formed as the ring-shaped article extended along the whole circumference direction of the guide part, described to rub
It wipes part to be socketed on the guide part, the working face of the friction member is the outer peripheral surface of the friction member.
Preferably, the guide part includes main part, longitudinal edge edge and axial edge portions, and the main part is in cylinder
Shape, the friction member are socketed on the main part, and the longitudinal edge edge is from the cylindrical surface of the main part along the main body
Portion radially extends, and the axial edge portions are from the longitudinal edge edge along the axially extending of the main part, the main body
Portion, longitudinal edge edge and axial edge portions limit around the main part setting annular groove, the friction member along it
The axial one end fits away from the rotor are in the annular groove.
Preferably, the rectangular triangle in the cross section of the friction member or right-angled trapezium.
Preferably, the coefficient of friction between the working face of the friction member and the inner peripheral surface of the rotor is defined as μ, it will
The semi-cone angle of the working face of the friction member is defined as α, meets μ≤tan α.
Preferably, the guide part is connected with friction member by spline.
Preferably, the guide part is formed as hollow cylinder.
According to another aspect of the present invention, a kind of vehicle, including hub for vehicle wheel, vehicle bridge and suspension are provided, wherein the vehicle
Further include brake as described above, the rotor of the brake be fixed on the hub for vehicle wheel or with the vehicle wheel
Hub is integrally formed, and the guide part of the brake is fixed in the suspension or vehicle bridge.
Preferably, the guide part is formed as hollow cylinder, and the vehicle further includes being arranged inside the guide part
Wheel motor, the output shaft of the wheel motor is pierced by be connected to the center of the rotor from the guide part.
Through the above technical solutions, to form wedge-like engagement structure between friction member and rotor, so that motivator be made to obtain
To amplification, brake efficiency is improved.
Other features and advantages of the present invention will the following detailed description will be given in the detailed implementation section.
Detailed description of the invention
The drawings are intended to provide a further understanding of the invention, and constitutes part of specification, with following tool
Body embodiment is used to explain the present invention together, but is not construed as limiting the invention.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 is longitudinal schematic cross-sectional view of brake of the invention, and the difference of the two is only that the cross of friction member
Cross sectional shape is different, wherein in order to indicate clear, also shows the devices such as tire, wheel motor and suspension；
Fig. 3 is the force analysis figure of friction member；
Fig. 4 is the installation diagram of guide part and friction member in the brake provided according to one embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the installation diagram of guide part and friction member according in the brake of another embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 6 is a kind of schematic diagram of embodiment of the friction member in Fig. 5；
Fig. 7 is the schematic diagram of the another embodiment of the friction member in Fig. 5；
Fig. 8 is the partial enlarged view of Fig. 2；
Fig. 9 is the schematic diagram for applying a kind of embodiment of motivator to friction member；
Figure 10 is the schematic diagram for applying the another embodiment of motivator to friction member；
Figure 11 is the enlarged drawing of the part B in Figure 10.
Description of symbols
1 tire, 2 rotor, 21 inner peripheral surface
3 guide part, 31 main part, 32 longitudinal edge edge
33 axial edge portions, 34 annular groove, 4 friction member
41 working face, 42 mounting surface, 43 end face
5 wheel motor, 51 motor stator, 52 rotor
53 output shaft, 6 bearing, 7 nut
8 suspension, 9 cam
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with attached drawing, detailed description of the preferred embodiments.It should be understood that this place is retouched
The specific embodiment stated is merely to illustrate and explain the present invention, and is not intended to restrict the invention.
In the present invention, in the absence of explanation to the contrary, the noun of locality used such as " upper and lower, forward and backward " refers to accordingly
The page of attached drawing is up and down.
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, the invention discloses a kind of brake, which includes rotor 2, guide part 3 and friction
Part 4.Rotating part of the rotor 2 as brake, rotates together with wheel.In embodiment shown in fig. 1, rotor 2 and vehicle
Wheel wheel hub is made of one, and tire 1 is sleeved on rotor 2.In other embodiments, rotor 2 can system seperated with hub for vehicle wheel
At and be fixed on hub for vehicle wheel.The tubular open in one end open or both ends of rotor 2, and the inner peripheral surface 21 of rotor 2 is in
Taper type, the working face of the inner peripheral surface 21 as rotor.
The fixed part of guide part 3 and friction member 4 as brake is fixed on vehicle bridge or suspension 8, not with wheel one
Play rotation.Guide part 3 is formed as the general cylindrical shape being coaxially set with rotor 2, and friction member 4 is installed by its mounting surface 42
On the cylindrical surface of guide part 3 and can sliding axially along guide part 3, friction member 4 is in the circumferential direction of guide part 3 relative to leading
It is located at the side opposite with mounting surface 42, and the formation of working face 41 of friction member 4 to the working face 41 of 3 locking friction member 4 of part
For the frustum face to match with the inner peripheral surface 21 of rotor 2.When the axis A-A to the application of friction member 4 and rotor 2 is (that is, in wheel
Mandrel line) parallel motivator F when, friction member 4 is slided along guide part 3, its working face 41 is caused to be pressed against the inner peripheral surface of rotor 2
On 21, frictional force is generated between the two, to make rotor 2 and wheel braking.
Here it is possible to apply motivator F to friction member 4 using well known to a person skilled in the art various modes.For example, can
With in the axial direction along rotor 2 of friction member 4 away from the side of rotor 2 setting brake piston or cam, by the brake piston or
Cam to apply motivator F to friction member 4.
For the ease of explaining the principle of the present invention, the coefficient of friction of friction member 4 and rotor 2 is defined as μ, by friction member 4
The semi-cone angle of working face 41 be defined as α, active force of the guide part 3 to friction member 4 is defined as N1, by rotor 2 to friction member 4
Active force be defined as N2, the mean radius of the working face 41 of friction member 4 is defined as R.With reference to Fig. 3, stress is made to friction member 4
Analysis can obtain N2=F/sin α.Therefore, the frictional force f=μ N that friction member 4 applies rotor 22=μ F/sin α, friction member 4 are right
The braking moment M=f R=μ FR/sin α that rotor 2 generates, brake braking effectiveness factor (braking friction and motivator it
Than) K=μ/sin α.By taking ordinary disc-type brake device as an example, braking effectiveness factor is the secondary friction coefficient μ of friction, that is to say, that
The braking effectiveness factor of brake of the invention is the 1/sin α times of the braking effectiveness factor of ordinary disc-type brake device, brake efficiency
It is much higher than ordinary disc-type brake device.In brief, the present invention passes through the wedge-like engagement structure between friction member and rotor, so that
Motivator is amplified, and brake efficiency is improved.
It, can be by installing reset spring (not shown), using elastic reset power so as to rub in brake of the invention
Part 4 is wiped to separate after motivator F revocation with rotor 2.However, guaranteeing friction member 4 in motivator to simplify the structure of brake
It can be automatically separated with rotor 2 (that is, avoiding friction member 4 self-locking) after F revocation, it is preferable that the friction system of friction member 4 and rotor 2
Relationship between the semi-cone angle α of the working face 41 of number μ and friction member 4 meets μ≤tan α.
In order to guarantee that there is biggish contact area between rotor 2 and friction member 4, as shown in Figure 4, it is preferable that friction member 4
It can be formed as the ring-shaped article extended along the whole circumference direction of guide part 3, friction member 4 is axially slidably socketed in guide part
On 3 and relative to the guide part 3 locking in the circumferential.In this case, the inner peripheral surface of friction member 4 becomes and guide part 3
The mounting surface 42 that cylindrical surface is in contact, the outer peripheral surface of friction member 4 become the working face 41 being in contact with the inner peripheral surface 21 of rotor 2.
Preferably, the cross section of friction member 4 can rectangular triangle (as shown in Figure 1), or in using upper and lower two sides as bottom edge
Right-angled trapezium (as shown in Figure 2).
As alternative embodiment, as shown in figure 5, friction member 4 can be formed as friction slip, brake of the invention
It may include the spaced apart multiple friction slips of circumferencial direction along guide part 3, multiple friction slip is same on guide part 3
Step movement.In this embodiment, each friction member 4 can have wedge structure.Specifically, the cross section example of friction member 4
Such as can rectangular triangle (as shown in Figure 6), or can be in using the side of front and back two be the right-angled trapezium on bottom edge (such as Fig. 7 institute
Show).
In order to realize friction member 4 relative to guide part 3 axially slidable and circumferential locking, can make guide part 3 and friction
Part 4 is connected by key.Specifically, dive key or feather key can be set between guide part 3 and friction member 4.However, in order to protect
Card key connection structure is able to bear biggish torque, it is preferable that can be connected by spline between guide part 3 and friction member 4.
In the case where friction member 4 is formed as annular element, it is preferable that as shown in figure 8, guide part 3 may include main part
31, longitudinal edge edge 32 and axial edge portions 33, wherein main part 31 is cylindrical, and friction member 4 is socketed on main part 31,
The radially extending along the main part 31 from the cylindrical surface of main part 31 of longitudinal edge edge 32, axial edge portions 33 are from radial edges
Along the axially extending of main part 31 in portion 32, main part 31, longitudinal edge edge 32 and axial edge portions 33 are limited around main body
The annular groove 34 that portion 31 is arranged.Friction member 4 deviates from the one end fits of rotor 2 in annular groove 34 along its axial direction, thus
The end face 43 of friction member 4 and the bottom surface of annular groove 34 and two side walls is set to limit annular compartment jointly.
In this case, as an implementation, as shown in figure 9, braking can be supplied into the annular compartment
Liquid generates motivator F by hydraulic mode on the end face of friction member 4 43.As another embodiment, such as Figure 10 and figure
Shown in 11, cam 9 can be set in the annular compartment, which supports on the end face of friction member 4 43, passes through cam 9
Rotation with to friction member 4 apply motivator F.
In order to increase the available space in the middle part of brake, to facilitate arrangement wheel hub drive (such as wheel motor) and active
Suspension etc., it is preferable that guide part 3 can be formed as hollow cylinder.
According to another aspect of the present invention, a kind of vehicle is also provided, which includes 8 and of hub for vehicle wheel, vehicle bridge and suspension
Brake as described above, wherein the rotor 2 of the brake be fixed on hub for vehicle wheel or with the hub for vehicle wheel one at
The guide part 3 of type, the brake is fixed in suspension 8 or vehicle bridge.
Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 shows embodiment in, be disposed with wheel motor 5 in hollow guide part 3, the wheel motor
Motor stator 51 and rotor 52 be arranged in the inside of guide part 3, the output shaft 53 of wheel motor 5 passes through guide part 3 simultaneously
It is rotatably supported on two end faces of guide part 3 by two bearings 6, one end of output shaft 53 is tight by a nut 7
Gu, to drive rotor 2 to rotate, the other end of output shaft 53 is fastened on bearing 6 by another nut 7 at the center of rotor 2.
It should be noted that, although attached drawing illustrates only the case where wheel motor is arranged in guide part 3, but it is of the invention
It is not limited thereto, those skilled in the art can according to need arranges that such as Active suspension is any suitable in guide part 3
Device, these variants each fall within protection scope of the present invention.
It is described the prefered embodiments of the present invention in detail above in conjunction with attached drawing, still, the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned realities
The detail in mode is applied, within the scope of the technical concept of the present invention, a variety of letters can be carried out to technical solution of the present invention
Monotropic type, these simple variants all belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.
It is further to note that specific technical features described in the above specific embodiments, in not lance
In the case where shield, it can be combined in any appropriate way.In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, the present invention to it is various can
No further explanation will be given for the combination of energy.
In addition, various embodiments of the present invention can be combined randomly, as long as it is without prejudice to originally
The thought of invention, it should also be regarded as the disclosure of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of brake, which is characterized in that including rotor (2), guide part (3) and friction member (4), the rotor (2) has
The inner peripheral surface (21) of taper type, the guide part (3) is substantially cylindric in being coaxially set with the rotor (2), described to rub
Part (4) are wiped axially slidably to be arranged on the cylindrical surface of the guide part (3) and lock in the circumferential relative to the guide part (3)
Only, the guide part (3) is connected with friction member (4) by spline, and the working face (41) of the friction member (4) is located at the friction member
(4) the side away from the guide part (3), and the working face (41) is formed as the inner peripheral surface (21) with the rotor (2)
The frustum face to match, the friction member (4) can be in the works of the motivator (F) parallel with axis (A-A) of the rotor (2)
The guide part described in lower edge (3) slide axially, so that the working face (41) of the friction member (4) is pressed against the rotor (2)
On inner peripheral surface (21).
2. brake according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the friction member (4) is formed as friction slip, the system
Dynamic device includes the spaced apart multiple friction slips of circumferencial direction along the guide part (3), and multiple friction is slided
Block moves synchronously.
3. brake according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the friction member (4) is formed as along the guide part (3)
The ring-shaped article that extends of whole circumference direction, the friction member (4) is socketed on the guide part (3), the friction member (4)
The working face (41) is the outer peripheral surface of the friction member (4).
4. brake according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the guide part (3) includes main part (31), longitudinal edge
Edge (32) and axial edge portions (33), the main part (31) is cylindrical, and the friction member (4) is socketed in the main part
(31) on, longitudinal edge edge (32) radially extending along main part (31) from the cylindrical surface of the main part (31),
The axial edge portions (33) are from the longitudinal edge edge (32) along axially extending, the main part of the main part (31)
(31), longitudinal edge edge (32) and axial edge portions (33) limit the annular groove around the main part (31) setting
(34), the friction member (4) along its axial direction deviates from the one end fits of the rotor (2) in the annular groove (34).
5. brake according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the rectangular triangle in cross section of the friction member (4)
Or right-angled trapezium.
6. brake according to claim 1, which is characterized in that by the working face (41) of the friction member (4) with it is described
Coefficient of friction between the inner peripheral surface (21) of rotor (2) is defined as μ, by the semi-cone angle of the working face (41) of the friction member (4)
It is defined as α, meets μ≤tan α.
7. brake according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the guide part (3) is formed as hollow cylinder.
8. a kind of vehicle, including hub for vehicle wheel, vehicle bridge and suspension (8), which is characterized in that the vehicle further includes being wanted according to right
The rotor (2) of brake described in asking any one of 1 to 7, the brake be fixed on the hub for vehicle wheel or with
The hub for vehicle wheel is integrally formed, and the guide part (3) of the brake is fixed in the suspension (8) or vehicle bridge.
9. vehicle according to claim 8, which is characterized in that the guide part (3) is formed as hollow cylinder, the vehicle
It further include the setting wheel motor (5) internal in the guide part (3), the output shaft (53) of the wheel motor (5) is from described
It is pierced by guide part (3) to be connected to the center of the rotor (2).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510707843.XA CN106608248B (en) | 2015-10-27 | 2015-10-27 | Brake and vehicle |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510707843.XA CN106608248B (en) | 2015-10-27 | 2015-10-27 | Brake and vehicle |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN106608248A CN106608248A (en) | 2017-05-03 |
| CN106608248B true CN106608248B (en) | 2019-05-17 |
Family
ID=58614244
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510707843.XA Active CN106608248B (en) | 2015-10-27 | 2015-10-27 | Brake and vehicle |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN106608248B (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113104003B (en) * | 2021-04-21 | 2022-09-16 | 江苏大学 | Automobile safety braking booster unit |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5355978A (en) * | 1991-07-06 | 1994-10-18 | Lucas Industries, Public Limited Company | Liquid-immersed disc brake |
| CN1348533A (en) * | 1998-11-06 | 2002-05-08 | 耐克森集团公司 | Servo-motor brake |
| CN1747863A (en) * | 2003-02-04 | 2006-03-15 | 沃尔沃拉斯特瓦格纳公司 | Shaftbrake for stagegeared motor vehicle gearbox where at a first brake element is integrated with and constitutes part of the shaft |
| CN101806281A (en) * | 2010-04-28 | 2010-08-18 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Hydraulic device for spindle brake of wind generating set |
| CN104295638A (en) * | 2014-10-29 | 2015-01-21 | 李开卫 | Wet type conical disc brake and running method thereof |
-
2015
- 2015-10-27 CN CN201510707843.XA patent/CN106608248B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5355978A (en) * | 1991-07-06 | 1994-10-18 | Lucas Industries, Public Limited Company | Liquid-immersed disc brake |
| CN1348533A (en) * | 1998-11-06 | 2002-05-08 | 耐克森集团公司 | Servo-motor brake |
| CN1747863A (en) * | 2003-02-04 | 2006-03-15 | 沃尔沃拉斯特瓦格纳公司 | Shaftbrake for stagegeared motor vehicle gearbox where at a first brake element is integrated with and constitutes part of the shaft |
| CN101806281A (en) * | 2010-04-28 | 2010-08-18 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Hydraulic device for spindle brake of wind generating set |
| CN104295638A (en) * | 2014-10-29 | 2015-01-21 | 李开卫 | Wet type conical disc brake and running method thereof |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN106608248A (en) | 2017-05-03 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US9194447B2 (en) | Keyed brake disk assembly | |
| EP1839787A2 (en) | Method of manufacturing rolling bearing device for wheel | |
| US20180065477A1 (en) | Electric hub drive with braking assembly | |
| JP2007062726A (en) | Power transmitting system of hybrid car | |
| WO2018104396A3 (en) | Assembled disc holder and dual wet clutch mechanism comprising said assembled disc holder | |
| US10167912B2 (en) | Plate assemblies including floating wear linings for multi-disk brake systems and methods for reducing vibration in a multi-disk brake system | |
| JP5906056B2 (en) | Disc rotor assembly for vehicle | |
| US8602179B2 (en) | Disc rotor unit for vehicle | |
| US10040543B2 (en) | Tapered brake disk | |
| US8955623B2 (en) | Hub assembly, in particular for dual wheels | |
| EP3882481A2 (en) | Multi-piece torque tube assembly to mitigate vibration | |
| CN106608248B (en) | Brake and vehicle | |
| JP2018179116A (en) | Wet brake | |
| US20140326566A1 (en) | One-way clutch with conical strut | |
| US2417855A (en) | Disc brake | |
| EP3045774B1 (en) | Electric linear actuator and electric brake device | |
| JP5930538B2 (en) | Axle with built-in wet brake | |
| JP6259912B2 (en) | Driven wheel assembly and motor vehicle comprising driven wheel assembly | |
| JP6929208B2 (en) | Disc brake | |
| JP5500663B2 (en) | Wet multi-plate friction clutch device | |
| US11209061B2 (en) | Brake piston for disc brake assembly | |
| KR101590127B1 (en) | Apparatus for preventing backlashing with shaft formed wedge contact surface and wear plate | |
| US3376961A (en) | Disc brake stator construction | |
| CN103671700A (en) | Friction damper for a transmission clutch | |
| JP6559455B2 (en) | Clamping device |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |