CN106595728A - Rotor axial displacement, rotating speed and inclination angle radial integrated measurement method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a rotor axial displacement, rotating speed and inclination angle radial integrated measurement method. A standard measurement bar code is fixed outside a measured rotor, the standard measurement bar code is a bar code which is prepared by two materials having different reflectivities and has special rules, the measured rotor is provided with a photoelectric sensor in a radial direction, the photoelectric sensor points to a center of the standard measurement bar code, a plane of the sensor center is taken as a reference plane, and axial displacement, a rotating speed and an inclination angle of rotor relative to the reference plane are measured and calculated. The method is advantaged in that axial displacement of a rotating shaft is measured through the standard measurement bar code fixed outside the to-be-measured rotor and the photoelectric sensor arranged in the radial direction, not only can axial displacement of the rotating shaft, the rotating speed and an inclination state be measured on the condition that axial length does not increase, but also mounting is convenient, processing and reconstructing the to-be-measured shaft are not required, and applicability is substantially improved.

Description

A kind of radial direction integral measuring method at rotor axial displacement, rotating speed and angle of inclination

Technical field

The present invention relates to sensor technology and gap or displacement measurement technology field, more particularly to a kind of rotor axial position The radial direction integral measuring method at shifting, rotating speed and angle of inclination.

Background technology

Rotating machinery to high speed, high-precision direction are developed, and the operating condition detection requirement of rotor is improved constantly.Rotor Axial displacement be one of the key index for reacting rotor and whole mechanical system operating condition：Machine tool chief axis rotor axial displacement Size concern the precision of processing；Electromagnetic bearing rotor needs to be controlled by measuring the axial displacement information of rotor, otherwise Rotor will be caused to balance, or even cause more serious consequence.

The occasion measured to high speed rotor axial direction displacement, usually requiring that carries out non-cpntact measurement.Rotor is contactless Displacement measurement is generally using eddy current displacement sensor or capacitance displacement sensor.Eddy current displacement sensor measures rotor axial The common method of displacement be by sensor just to rotor tip (such as Fig. 1), or just to be arranged on rotor thrust button (as scheme 2), when rotor produces axial displacement, due to eddy current effect, sensor probe will sense change in displacement, realize displacement measurement. The subject matter of this measuring method is：Method in Fig. 1 can increase axial length, and it is also possible to due to the radial direction position of rotor Putting change prevents measurement result from truly reflecting the axial displacement of rotor；In measuring method in Fig. 2, the assembling deflection of thrust button Or during surface deflection, even if rotor does not produce axial displacement, the output of displacement transducer also can be produced with the rotation of rotor Raw fluctuation.When rotor size is larger, even if thrust button angle excursion very little can also cause larger undulate quantity, so as to serious shadow Ring the axial displacement certainty of measurement of rotor.

At present, in order to reduce the axial dimension of rotor, the method for many radial measurement rotor axial displacements has been developed, its master Thinking is wanted to be the radial direction that current vortex sensor is placed in rotor, while arranging by the measurement for constituting of different materials in rotor surface Ring, the axial displacement of rotor is reflected using current vortex sensor to the characteristic of material-sensitive.This method can be to a certain degree The upper error for reducing aforementioned axial measuring method, improves certainty of measurement.But, these methods need to carry out largely rotor Transformation, and easily be subject to electromagnetic interference, capacity of resisting disturbance is poor in adverse circumstances.Therefore, in the urgent need to new axial direction Displacement measurement method, on the basis of rotor original structure is not changed as far as possible, improves measuring accuracy and interference free performance.

Patent US20090052825A1 is fixed on rotor using the coding disk that metal or magnetic material are made, bar Code is uniformly distributed in disc surfaces, and is shaped as " V " font, rotates with rotor, but needs to carry out in structure rotor Change, increase structure complexity.Sensor can only be using Hall element or eddy current sensor, and radial distance must be certain In the range of, and this scope is for high-precision sensor very little.

The content of the invention

In order to overcome the defect of above-mentioned prior art, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of rotor axial displacement, rotating speed And the radial direction integral measuring method at angle of inclination, can solve the problem that the measurement to axial displacement in the case of rotor axial limited space Problem, at the same can solve the problem that current vortex sensor poor anti jamming capability in existing axial displacement radial measurement method, to material The complicated awkward problem of sensitive and mounting structure.

To reach above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution used in the present invention is：

A kind of radial direction integral measuring method at rotor axial displacement, rotating speed and angle of inclination, comprises the following steps：

(1) canonical measure bar code 8 is pasted onto on rotor to be measured 7, and is moved with rotor to be measured 7, described standard The surface development of measurement bar code 8 is that the material (8a, 8b) of two kinds of different reflectivities forms the isosceles triangle being alternately present, mark The seam of locating tab assembly bar code is rectangle bar code；

(2) multiple photoelectric sensors 9 are evenly arranged in the plane perpendicular to the axis of rotor to be measured 7, photoelectric sensor 9 exists Low and high level is exported in testing standard measurement bar code 8 during the bar code of different reflectivity；

(3) plane on the basis of the initial plane being located by photoelectric sensor 9, enters according to the signal of the output of photoelectric sensor 9 Row signal differentiation, rim detection and result calculate display module, while obtaining the axial displacement of rotor to be measured 7, rotating speed and inclination Angle.

Described step (3) is specially：

When the axis coinciding of center and the rotor to be measured 7 of 4 photoelectric sensors 9a, 9b, 9c, 9d, and the axle of rotor to be measured 7 When line is vertical with the plane that 4 photoelectric sensors 9 are located, rotor to be measured 7 is in initial plane position with photoelectric sensor 9, this When rotor to be measured 7 around its axis rotated when, 4 photoelectric sensors 9a, 9b, 9c, 9d output is corresponding time dependent High level is exported during alignment strong reflection rate bar code 8b of low and high level --- photoelectric sensor 9, is directed at defeated during weak reflectivity bars 8a Go out low level；

Define pulse width ratio：

Wherein, t₁It is the high level lasting time in a signal period, t₂It is the corresponding square-wave signal cycle；When treating When the axial location for surveying rotor 7 does not change, R_dFor steady state value, when rotor to be measured 7 produces axial displacement z, R_dChange is turned to R′_d, and meet below equation：

When the arc length in the corresponding canonical measure bar code 8 of any two photoelectric sensor 9 is l, between two sensors The phase contrast of output signal：

Wherein, to take the remainder computing, n is weak reflectivity bars 8a and the triangle bar code of strong reflection rate bar code 8b sum to % Amount.

According to the variable quantity of the phase contrast of two neighboring photoelectric sensor 9Eccentric throw can be obtained：

Wherein, R is the radius of canonical measure bar code 8, and w is the width of canonical measure bar code 8；

If the normal of the place plane of photoelectric sensor 9 has certain angle α with the axial line of rotor to be measured 7, pass through The pulse width ratio of two relative photoelectric sensors 9 can calculate the drift angle tangent value i.e. angle of inclination of rotary shaft：

Wherein, R_daFor the pulse width ratio of one of photoelectric sensor 9a output signals, R_dcIt is and photoelectric sensor The pulse width ratio of the photoelectric sensor 9c output signals that 9a is oppositely arranged；

According to the pulse width ratio of the output signal of photoelectric sensor 9, the axial displacement of rotor to be measured 7 is calculated：

Wherein, R_da、R_db、R_dc、R_ddRespectively four photoelectric sensor 9a, the pulse width ratio of 9b, 9c, 9d output signal Rate；

The rotating speed n of rotor to be measured 7 is calculated by the cycle of pulse signal, or using four photoelectric sensors 9 Result of calculation carries out average method, and computing formula is：

Wherein, t_2a、t_2b、t_2c、t_2dRespectively four photoelectric sensor 9a, the cycle of 9b, 9c, 9d output signal.

The invention has the beneficial effects as follows：

(1) the canonical measure bar code in the present invention can very easily paste on axle to be measured and fix, without the need for to be measured turn Son is re-worked and special construction design, greatly expands the scope of application of the method.

(2) present invention is different from prior art-axially placed displacement transducer, but is placed in using photoelectric sensor and is turned The radial direction of son is measured, and while improving measuring accuracy, rotor axial position can be realized in the case of axial space is less The accurate measurement of shifting.

(3) multiple photoelectric sensors are acquired to signal used in the present invention, with good anti-electromagnetic interference capability, Simultaneously the linearity is good, overcomes traditional current vortex method to material-sensitive, and the difficulty for re-scaling is needed when changing test object.

(4) axial displacement measuring method of the invention, can simultaneously obtain rotating speed and the angle of inclination of rotor, can be in prison The operating condition information of rotor is obtained while surveying rotor axial displacement, the axial displacement measurement result for user provides necessity Status data, with integrated test function.

Description of the drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of one embodiment that prior art detects axial displacement；

Fig. 2 is the structural representation of another embodiment that prior art detects axial displacement；

Fig. 3 is the structural representation of one embodiment of device for detecting axial displacement of the present invention；

Fig. 4 is the structural representation of the canonical measure bar code of the present invention；

Fig. 5 is the surface development of the canonical measure bar code of the present invention；

Fig. 6 is measuring principle schematic diagram when rotor is in initial position with sensor in one embodiment of the invention, wherein Fig. 6 a are left view, and Fig. 6 b are front view, and Fig. 6 c are the pulse signal for producing the output of photoelectric sensor 9 before and after axial displacement, are schemed 6d is to produce calculate phase contrast ratio and phase contrast change curve before and after axial displacement；

Fig. 7 is measuring principle schematic diagram when rotor axis produce mobile in one embodiment of the invention, and wherein Fig. 7 a are Left view, Fig. 7 b are front view, and Fig. 7 c are the pulse signal for producing the output of photoelectric sensor 9 before and after axial displacement, and Fig. 7 d are product Phase contrast ratio and phase contrast change curve are calculated before and after raw axial displacement；

Measuring principle schematic diagram when Fig. 8 is rotor generation deflection in one embodiment of the invention, wherein Fig. 8 a are left view Figure, Fig. 8 b are bar code expanded view, and Fig. 8 c are the pulse signal for producing the output of photoelectric sensor 9 before and after axial displacement, and Fig. 8 d are to produce Phase contrast ratio and phase contrast change curve are calculated before and after raw axial displacement；

The labelling of each part is as follows in accompanying drawing：1st, rotor to be measured 1；2nd, thrust button；3rd, current vortex sensor 1；4th, to be measured turn Son 2；5th, sensor fixed seat；6th, current vortex sensor 2；7th, rotor to be measured；8th, canonical measure bar code；9th, photoelectric sensor；10、 Signal processing unit.

Specific embodiment

Presently preferred embodiments of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, so that advantages and features of the invention energy It is easier to be readily appreciated by one skilled in the art, apparent clearly defines so as to make to protection scope of the present invention.

A kind of radial direction integral measuring method at rotor axial displacement, rotating speed and angle of inclination, comprises the following steps：

(1) with reference to Fig. 3, canonical measure bar code 8 is pasted onto on rotor to be measured 7, and is moved with rotor to be measured 7, institute The surface development of the canonical measure bar code 8 stated is that the material (8a, 8b) of two kinds of different reflectivities forms the isosceles being alternately present Triangle, the seam of canonical measure bar code is rectangle bar code；

Referring in particular to Fig. 4, Fig. 5, the surface of canonical measure bar code 8 is by the relatively low weak reflectivity bars 8a of reflectance and instead Penetrate the higher strong reflection rate bar code 8b composition of rate, and in the surface development of canonical measure bar code 8, weak reflectivity bars 8a and Strong reflection rate bar code 8b is shaped as isosceles triangle, and the rectangle bar code of seam calculates as pasting used by interface in displacement In play a part of to distinguish per ring signal, thus in displacement result of calculation, the signal at rectangle bar code is not considered in detail.

(2) multiple photoelectric sensors 9 are evenly arranged in the plane perpendicular to the axis of rotor to be measured 7, photoelectric sensor 9 exists Output voltage level in testing standard measurement bar code 8 during the bar code of different reflectivity has obvious difference.

Referring in particular to Fig. 3, the photoelectric sensor 9 include be distributed in same sagittal plane four photoelectric sensor 9a, 9b, 9c, 9d, and four photoelectric sensors 9a, 9b, 9c, 9d all point to the axle center of rotor to be measured 7.When photoelectric sensor 9 is aligned During weak reflectivity bars 8a, the intensity of reflected light that it is received is weaker, and output signal is low level；Conversely, working as photoelectric sensor 9 During alignment strong reflection rate bar code 8b, the intensity of reflected light for receiving is stronger, and output signal is high level.

(3) plane on the basis of the initial plane being located by photoelectric sensor 9, is carried out according to the signal of photoelectric sensor output Signal differentiation, rim detection and result calculate display module, while obtaining the axial displacement of rotor to be measured, rotating speed and inclination angle Degree.

With reference to Fig. 3, in four sensor output signals all input signal processing units 10 of the photoelectric sensor 9, and Further signal processing is carried out, to ask for axial displacement, rotating speed and the angle of inclination of rotor, its processing method is specially：

With reference to Fig. 6, when center and the axis coinciding of rotor to be measured 7 of four photoelectric sensors 9a, 9b, 9c, 9d, and to be measured turn When the axis of son 7 is vertical with the plane that four photoelectric sensors 9 are located, rotor to be measured 7 is in initial plane with photoelectric sensor 9 Position.Now rotor to be measured 7 around its axis rotated when, four photoelectric sensors 9 export corresponding time dependent height High level is exported during alignment strong reflection rate bar code 8b of low level --- photoelectric sensor 9, is exported when being directed at weak reflectivity bars 8a Low level.

With reference to Fig. 6, pulse width ratio is defined：

Wherein, t₁It is the high level lasting time in a signal period, t₂It is the corresponding square-wave signal cycle；When treating When the axial location for surveying rotor 7 does not change, R_dFor steady state value.When rotor to be measured 7 produces axial displacement z, R_dChange is turned to R′_d, and meet below equation：

Thus the change of axial displacement can be according to pulse width ratio R of sensor output signal_dChange counted Calculate.

With reference to Fig. 6, due to the installation site of four photoelectric sensors 9a, 9b, 9c, 9d it is different, and signal processing unit 10 Collection to its signal is carried out simultaneously, thus the output of four photoelectric sensors 9a, 9b, 9c, 9d has certain phase place Difference.Its phase contrast four photoelectric sensors 9 lower with original state are relevant with the position of corresponding canonical measure bar code 8, when two When arc length in sensor correspondence canonical measure bar code 8 is l, the phase contrast of the output signal between two sensors：

Wherein, to take the remainder computing, n is weak reflectivity bars 8a and the triangle bar code of strong reflection rate bar code 8b sum to % Amount.

With reference to Fig. 6, when rotor to be measured 7 is in initial position, four equidistantly distributeds of photoelectric sensor 9, if defined weak The quantity of reflectivity bars 8a and strong reflection rate bar code 8b is n, it is assumed that the phase place of photoelectric sensor 9a is 0 °, photoelectric sensor 9b It is n%4 × 180 ° (wherein % is to take the remainder computing), photoelectric sensor 9c and photoelectric sensing with the phase contrast of photoelectric sensor 9a The phase contrast of device 9a is n%2 × 180 °, and the phase contrast of photoelectric sensor 9d and photoelectric sensor 9a is (3n) %4 × 180 °. Particularly, when quantity n of canonical measure bar code 8 meets n=2 (2k-1), when (k=1,2,3,4 ...), photoelectric sensor 9a's Output is 0 ° with the phase of output signal difference of photoelectric sensor 9c, the output signal phase of photoelectric sensor 9b and photoelectric sensor 9d Potential difference is 0 °, and the phase of output signal of photoelectric sensor 9a and photoelectric sensor 9b difference is 180 °.And, even if rotor to be measured 7 produce certain axial displacement, and the phase contrast of each output signal of photoelectric sensor 9 is constant.

With reference to Fig. 7, the feelings when the correspondence of photoelectric sensor 9 center has certain eccentric distance e with the axle center of rotor to be measured 7 Condition.Now, 4 place planes of photoelectric sensor 9 are still vertical with rotor to be measured 7, thus each sensor signal output waveform It is identical simply to there is certain phase contrast, sensor 9a and the variable quantity of sensor 9b phase contrasts that bias causesWith bias Relation away from e is：

Wherein, R is the radius of canonical measure bar code 8, and w is the width of canonical measure bar code 8；

Thus the change of phase contrast can be utilized to ask for the eccentric throw of rotor to be measured 7.

With reference to Fig. 8, the normal of the place plane of photoelectric sensor 9 has certain angle α with the axial line of rotor to be measured 7, Rotor 7 i.e. to be measured generates the deflection at α angles.After deflection, rotor to be measured 7 still carries out uniform rotation around its axle center, thus respectively Scanning track of the individual photoelectric sensor 9 in canonical measure bar code 8 is a straight line parallel with canonical measure bar code 8, simply Its axial location is different due to the deflection of rotor to be measured 7.By the pulse of photoelectric sensor 9a and photoelectric sensor 9c Width ratio can calculate the drift angle tangent value of rotor to be measured 7：

With reference to Fig. 8, there is a certain degree of deflection in rotor to be measured 7, produces the direction parallel with its axis direction and produces axle During to displacement z, the pulse width of each photoelectric sensor output signals can occur respective change, and axial displacement z can be with root Calculated according to its pulse width ratio：

In addition, if the axial displacement that rotor to be measured 7 is produced is parallel with the normal direction of the place plane of photoelectric sensor 9, This axial displacement can be converted into direction parallel to the axis of rotor to be measured 7, and its vertical direction.Perpendicular to rotor to be measured 7 The motion of axis direction is similar to the generation centrifugation of rotor to be measured 7, is referred to Fig. 7 and is calculated.

With reference to Fig. 6, Fig. 7, Fig. 8, comprehensive discussion and analysis above, signal processing unit 10 can be according to photoelectric sensor 9 output signal calculates axial displacement, rotating speed and the angle of inclination of rotor to be measured 7.The axial displacement of rotor to be measured 7 can be with root Calculated according to the pulse width ratio of each output signal of photoelectric sensor 9, and can be defeated by four photoelectric sensors 9 Go out signal averagely to improve axial displacement computational accuracy, its computing formula is as follows：

The rotating speed of rotor to be measured 7 can be calculated by the cycle of pulse signal, while four photoelectricity can also be used The result of calculation of sensor 9 carries out average method, and computing formula is：

Wherein, t_2a、t_2b、t_2c、t_2dRespectively four photoelectric sensor 9a, the cycle of 9b, 9c, 9d output signal.

The deflection of rotor to be measured 7 is decomposed into perpendicular and horizontal plane both direction：

Vertical direction：

Horizontal direction：

Treat son 7 total deflection angle be：

Embodiments of the invention are the foregoing is only, is not thereby limited the scope of the invention, it is every using this Equivalent structure or equivalent flow conversion that bright description and accompanying drawing content are made, or directly or indirectly it is used in other related skills Art field, includes in the same manner within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (2)

1. a kind of radial direction integral measuring method at rotor axial displacement, rotating speed and angle of inclination, it is characterised in that including following step Suddenly：

(1) canonical measure bar code 8 is fixed on rotor to be measured 7, and is moved with rotor to be measured 7, described canonical measure The surface development of bar code 8 is that the material (8a, 8b) of two kinds of different reflectivities forms the isosceles triangle being alternately present, and standard is surveyed The seam of amount bar code is rectangle bar code；

(2) multiple photoelectric sensors 9 are evenly arranged in the plane perpendicular to the axis of rotor to be measured 7, photoelectric sensor 9 is in test Low and high level is exported in canonical measure bar code 8 during the bar code of different reflectivity；

(3) plane on the basis of the initial plane being located by photoelectric sensor 9, according to the signal of the output of photoelectric sensor 9 letter is carried out Number differential, rim detection and result calculate display module, while obtaining the axial displacement of rotor to be measured, rotating speed and angle of inclination.

2. the radial direction integral measuring method at a kind of rotor axial displacement according to claim 1, rotating speed and angle of inclination, its It is characterised by, described step (3) is specially：

Center and the axis coinciding of rotor to be measured 7 as 4 photoelectric sensors 9a, 9b, 9c, 9d, and the axis of rotor to be measured 7 and four When the plane at the place of individual photoelectric sensor 9 is vertical, rotor to be measured 7 is in initial plane position with photoelectric sensor 9, now to be measured Rotor 7 around its axis rotated when, the corresponding time dependent height electricity of four photoelectric sensors 9a, 9b, 9c, 9d output It is flat --- high level is exported during alignment strong reflection rate bar code 8b of photoelectric sensor 9, when being directed at weak reflectivity bars 8a low electricity is exported It is flat；

Define pulse width ratio：

$R_d=\frac{t_1}{t_2}$

Wherein, t₁It is the high level lasting time in a signal period, t₂It is the corresponding square-wave signal cycle；When to be measured turn When the axial location of son 7 does not change, R_dFor steady state value, when rotor to be measured 7 produces axial displacement z, R_dChange turns to R '_d, and And meet below equation：

$z=\frac{w\·\tan \mathrm{\θ}}{2}(R_d^{\′}-R_d);$

When the arc length in the corresponding canonical measure bar code 8 of any two photoelectric sensor 9 is l, the output between two sensors The phase contrast of signal：

Wherein, to take the remainder computing, n is weak reflectivity bars 8a and the triangle bar code total quantity of strong reflection rate bar code 8b to %；

According to the variable quantity of the phase contrast of two neighboring photoelectric sensor 9Eccentric throw can be obtained：

Wherein, R is the radius of canonical measure bar code 8, and w is the width of canonical measure bar code 8；

If the normal of the place plane of photoelectric sensor 9 has certain angle α with the axial line of rotor to be measured 7, by two With respect to the drift angle tangent value i.e. angle of inclination that the pulse width ratio of photoelectric sensor 9 can calculate rotary shaft：

$\tan \mathrm{\α}=\arctan \left(\frac{w\·\tan \mathrm{\θ}}{2R}\right(R_{da}-R_{dc}\left)\right)$

Wherein, R_daFor the pulse width ratio of one of photoelectric sensor 9a output signals, R_dcIt is and photoelectric sensor 9a phases The pulse width ratio of the photoelectric sensor 9c output signals to arranging；

According to the pulse width ratio of the output signal of photoelectric sensor 9, the axial displacement of rotor to be measured 7 is calculated：

$\begin{array}{c}z=\frac{w\·\tan \mathrm{\θ}}{2}(R_{da}^{\′}-R_{da})=\frac{w\·\tan \mathrm{\θ}}{2}(R_{db}^{\′}-R_{db})=\frac{w\·\tan \mathrm{\θ}}{2}(R_{dc}^{\′}-R_{dc})\\ =\frac{w\·\tan \mathrm{\θ}}{2}(R_{dd}^{\′}-R_{dd})\end{array}$

Wherein, R_da, R_db, R_dc, R_ddRespectively four photoelectric sensor 9a, the pulse width ratio of 9b, 9c, 9d output signal；

The rotating speed n of rotor to be measured 7 is calculated by the cycle of pulse signal, or using the calculating of four photoelectric sensors 9 As a result average method is carried out, computing formula is：

$n=\frac{4w}{t_{2a}+t_{2b}+t_{2c}+t_{2d}}$

Wherein, t_2a、t_2b、t_2c、t_2dRespectively four photoelectric sensor 9a, the cycle of 9b, 9c, 9d output signal.