CN106583911B - 一种铝-镁异种金属薄板对接方法及专用型材结构 - Google Patents
一种铝-镁异种金属薄板对接方法及专用型材结构 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种铝‑镁异种金属薄板对接方法及专用型材结构,其特征在于:采用高强钢或钛合金挤压成“工”字形型材,在型材上、下两侧加工出便于铆接的对称圆形通孔。将厚度为1‑5mm的铝板与镁板分别放入“工”字形型材两侧的间隙中,通过搅拌摩擦点焊方式将与“工”字形型材同种材质且带有螺纹结构的铆钉挤入通孔中,形成冶金结合的自封闭结构。通过“工”字形型材传递载荷,实现高强度对接方式连接。铆接前可选择在“工”字形型材内侧涂抹金属胶结剂以增强连接效果。
Description
技术领域:
本发明涉及金属材料,特别提供了一种铝-镁异种金属薄板对接方法及专用型材结构,适用于厚度1-5mm的铝、镁异种金属板材的对接方式连接。
背景技术:
铝合金与镁合金是工业上应用广泛的两种轻质合金材料,在汽车以及航空航天等领域备受关注。随着两种轻金属材料应用的不断深入发展,不可避免地涉及到二者之间的连接问题。
异种金属连接是加工制造复合结构的关键技术之一,在装备制造领域应用广泛,但异种金属的焊接较同种金属更加复杂与困难。一方面,不同金属材料之间相互作用机制复杂,必然导致焊接过程冶金上的困难;另一方面,物理性能的差异又会带来连接特别是焊接工艺上的障碍。因此,虽然异种金属连接技术需求大,但其连接工艺相比于同种金属更加复杂与困难。
焊接是最常用的金属材料连接方法,包括熔化焊与固相焊,可用于对接、搭接与点焊等形式。
目前针对镁-铝异质金属连接的熔化焊技术包括钨极氩弧焊、活性极气体保护焊、电子束焊、激光焊、激光+电弧复合焊接等工艺。但是研究均发现,当采用传统的熔焊方法进行镁、铝异质金属之间的焊接时,在接头中极易产生热裂纹、气孔、夹杂、合金元素烧损和焊缝区软化等问题,特别是在接头中的界面处极易形成大量的Mg-Al系脆性金属间化合物相,严重恶化了接头的力学性能。
采用固相焊接方法时,如搅拌摩擦焊,尽管焊接温度比熔化焊大幅降低,但在界面区域仍然存在连续的金属间化合物。搅拌摩擦焊点是在搅拌摩擦线焊基础上发展起来的点焊技术,目前搅拌摩擦点焊主要是采用非自耗式焊接工具(由轴肩与搅拌针组成),焊接过程由焊接工具的***、保压、拔出三个阶段组成,通过搅拌针周围材料的流动、混合实现材料的冶金结合。焊后会由于搅拌针的拔出而留下一个匙孔。目前,采用带有添加层的搅拌摩擦点焊技术可降低异种金属反应程度,接头强度有所改善,但仍处于研究阶段。
***焊时间短,可有效抑制化合物生成,但仅限于大面积的多层板焊接。
铆接是一种有效的异种材料焊接方法,将表面光滑的铆钉高速冲击进入上下两块板材,依靠铆钉强度实现连接,但这种方法仅限于搭接方式的连接。
胶接也广泛应用于异种材料连接,但一般强度较低,应用范围受到限制,一般会与其它焊接方法组合使用。
对接是一种应用极为广泛的连接方式,但由上述分析可见,目前还没有一种理想的可实现镁-铝异质金属对接的方法。本申请提出一种铝-镁异种金属薄板对接的型材结构及使用方法,可实现二者的高强度对接,有理由相信该技术具有广泛应用市场需求。
发明内容:
本发明的目的在于提供一种铝-镁异种金属薄板对接方法及专用型材结构,适用于实现厚度1-5mm的铝-镁异种金属薄板的对接方式连接。
本发明提供了一种铝-镁异种金属薄板对接方法,其特征在于:采用上、下两侧加工有对称圆形通孔的钢材或钛合金“工”字形型材进行铆接,将铝板与镁板分别放入“工”字形型材左、右两侧间隙中,通过搅拌摩擦点焊方式将与“工”字形型材同种材质且带有螺纹结构的铆钉挤入圆形通孔中,形成冶金结合的自封闭结构,依靠“工”字形型材传递载荷,实现高强度连接。
作为优选的技术方案:所述“工”字形型材壁厚为0.5-2mm,其上、下表面之间的距离等于待焊金属薄板的厚度,所述圆形通孔的孔径为2-5mm。所述铝-镁金属薄板的厚度为1-5mm。所使用的铆钉直径为2-5mm,长度与“工”字形型材厚度相等。铆接过程为搅拌摩擦点方式,转速1000-3500转/分钟,***速度10-60mm/min。铆接前可选择在“工”字形型材内侧涂抹金属胶结剂以增强连接效果。
具体对接过程为:首先将壁厚0.5-2mm的“工”字形高强钢或钛合金型材固定在垫板上,然后将厚度1-5mm的铝板与镁板分别放入“工”字形型材两侧间隙中固定,在1000-3500转/分钟的转速下,以及10-60mm/min***速度下,采用搅拌摩擦点焊方式将与“工”字形型材同种材质且带有螺纹结构的直径2-5mm的铆钉挤入圆孔中,形成封闭结构,实现高强度连接。铆接前可根据需要选择在“工”字形型材内侧涂抹金属胶结剂以增强连接效果。
本发明还提供了所述对接方法的专用型材结构,其特征在于:所述型材结构为采用钢材(优选高强钢)或钛合金挤压成的“工”字形型材,其壁厚为0.5-2mm,该型材上、下表面设有对称的孔径为2-5mm的圆形通孔,且上、下表面之间的距离等于待焊金属薄板的厚度。
本发明提出了一种铝-镁异种金属薄板对接方法及专用型材结构,其成本低、易于操作、连接强度高,有理由相信这种新工艺将有着广阔的工业应用前景。
附图说明
图1为借助“工”字形型材与同质的带有螺纹结构的铆钉,通过搅拌摩擦点焊方式实现铝-镁异种金属薄板对接的示意图,其中,1、为“工”字形型材的横截面示意图,2、为“工”字形型材的平面示意图,3、为圆形通孔,4、为铝合金薄板,5、为镁合金薄板。
具体实施方式:
实施例1
采用壁厚为1mm的“工”字形钢质型材,将厚度为2mm的铝板与镁板分别放入“工”字形型材左右两侧的间隙中固定,在1000转/分钟的转速下,以及60mm/min***速度,将带有螺纹的直径3mm的钢质铆钉挤入“工”字形型材上下表面对称设置的圆孔中,形成冶金结合的自封闭结构,实现高强度连接。
对比例1
采用壁厚为1mm的“工”字形钢质型材,将厚度为2mm的铝板与镁板分别放入“工”字形型材左右两侧的间隙中固定,在1000转/分钟的转速下,以及60mm/min***速度,将无螺纹的直径3mm的钢质铆钉挤入“工”字形型材上下表面对称设置的圆孔中,由于无螺纹,未实现连接。
实施例2
采用壁厚为2mm的“工”字形钛合金质型材,焊前在“工”字形型材内侧涂上金属胶结剂,然后将厚度为5mm的铝板与镁板分别放入“工”字形型材左右两侧的间隙中固定,在3000转/分钟的转速下,以及10mm/min***速度下,将带有螺纹的直径5mm的钛合金铆钉挤入圆孔中,形成冶金结合的自封闭结构,实现高强度连接。
对比例2
采用壁厚为2mm的“工”字形钛合金质型材,焊前在“工”字形型材内侧涂上金属胶结剂,然而将厚度为5mm的铝板与镁板分别放入“工”字形型材左右两侧的间隙中固定,在3000转/分钟的转速下,以及10mm/min***速度下,将带有螺纹的直径5mm的钢质铆钉挤入圆孔中,由于钢质铆钉与钛合金型材无法焊合,未实现连接。
实施例3
采用壁厚为2mm的“工”字形钢质型材,将厚度为4mm的铝板与镁板分别放入“工”字形型材左右两侧的间隙中固定,在2500转/分钟的转速下,以及30mm/min***速度下,将带有螺纹的直径4mm的钢质铆钉挤入圆孔中,形成冶金结合的自封闭结构,实现高强度连接。
实施例4
采用壁厚为2mm的“工”字形钢质型材,焊前在“工”字形型材内侧涂上金属胶结剂,然而将厚度为5mm的铝板与镁板分别放入“工”字形型材左右两侧的间隙中固定,在2500转/分钟的转速下,以及20mm/min***速度下,将带有螺纹的直径5mm的钢质铆钉挤入圆孔中,形成冶金结合的自封闭结构,实现高强度连接。
上述实施例只为说明本发明的技术构思及特点,其目的在于让熟悉此项技术的人士能够了解本发明的内容并据以实施,并不能以此限制本发明的保护范围。凡根据本发明精神实质所作的等效变化或修饰,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种铝-镁异种金属薄板对接方法,其特征在于,采用铆接方法实现铝-镁异种金属薄板的对接,具体过程为:采用钢材或钛合金挤压成“工”字形型材,在该型材上、下表面加工出便于铆接的对称圆形通孔,将铝板与镁板分别放入“工”字形型材左、右两侧间隙中,通过搅拌摩擦点焊方式将与“工”字形型材同种材质且带有螺纹结构的铆钉挤入圆形通孔中,形成冶金结合的自封闭结构。
2.按照权利要求1所述铝-镁异种金属薄板对接方法,其特征在于:所述“工”字形型材壁厚为0.5-2mm。
3.按照权利要求1所述铝-镁异种金属薄板对接方法,其特征在于:铝-镁金属薄板的厚度为1-5mm。
4.按照权利要求1所述铝-镁异种金属薄板对接方法,其特征在于:所述“工”字形型材上、下表面之间的距离等于待焊金属薄板的厚度。
5.按照权利要求1所述铝-镁异种金属薄板对接方法,其特征在于:所述圆形通孔的孔径为2-5mm。
6.按照权利要求1所述铝-镁异种金属薄板对接方法,其特征在于:所使用的铆钉直径为2-5mm,长度与“工”字形型材厚度相等。
7.按照权利要求1所述铝-镁异种金属薄板对接方法,其特征在于:铆接过程为搅拌摩擦点焊方式,转速1000-3500转/分钟,***速度10-60mm/min。
8.按照权利要求1所述铝-镁异种金属薄板对接方法,其特征在于:铆接前在“工”字形型材内侧涂抹金属胶结剂。
9.一种如权利要求1所述对接方法专用型材结构,其特征在于:所述型材结构为采用钢材或钛合金挤压成的“工”字形型材,其壁厚为0.5-2mm,该型材上、下表面设有对称的孔径为2-5mm的圆形通孔,且上、下表面之间的距离等于待焊金属薄板的厚度。
10.按照权利要求9所述对接方法专用型材结构,其特征在于:所采用的铆钉为与“工”字形型材同种材质,且带有螺纹结构。
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