CN106577395A - Multi-trophic-level ecological aquaculture method - Google Patents
Multi-trophic-level ecological aquaculture method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106577395A CN106577395A CN201611173778.8A CN201611173778A CN106577395A CN 106577395 A CN106577395 A CN 106577395A CN 201611173778 A CN201611173778 A CN 201611173778A CN 106577395 A CN106577395 A CN 106577395A
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G33/00—Cultivation of seaweed or algae
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a multi-trophic-level ecological aquaculture method. A fish-alga two-layer ecological aquaculture mode is adopted, and fish aquaculture is divided into an upper layer and a lower layer; and shallow sea fish is aquacultured on the upper layer, and benthoic filter-feeding bionts are aquacultured on the lower layer. The multi-trophic-level ecological aquaculture method has the beneficial effects that by combination of bionts at different trophic niches, substances fed into a net cage aquaculture system can be fully circulated for multiple times, so that the utilization efficiency of the substances and energy in the system is improved, function complementation between different aquaculture type systems is realized, and discharge of net cage aquaculture wastes to the surrounding environment is reduced. The multi-trophic-level aquaculture mode is a 'carbon gathering' aquaculture mode aiming to enable bait feeding type net cage aquaculture to maintain a long-term sustainable development state, increase the economical and environmental benefits of a unit aquaculture system and reduce 'ecological footprint'.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to mariculture technology field, specifically a kind of many trophic level ecological cultivation methods.
Background technology
With the increase of the raising and the mankind of aquaculture technology to aquatic products demand, culture fishery is in world's model
Develop rapidly in enclosing.2010, China's aquaculture production accounted for the 61.4% of Gross World Product more than 36,730,000 tons.Aquatic product is supported
Grow the development of industry for solve it is poor, ensure food safety, promote marine economy development and increase fisherman and obtain employment and increase income
Aspect is all made that significant contribution.However, in recent years, with the increase and the continuous expansion of cultivation scale of cultivation density, cultivation
The deterioration of marine ecosystem environment is also increasingly severe.Livestock waste excretion, chemical drugss using etc. be further exacerbated by offshore sea
Domain environment Eutrophic Extent, marine environment deterioration also become one of direct inducement that culture diseases break out.Marine ecosystem
Unbalance, the farming disease harms frequent generation and spreading become asking for most serious that current many coastal seawater culture zones are faced
One of topic, the negative effect of ecological environment directly affects the sustainable development of culture fishery in turn.
Different from other aquaculture models, cage culture is a kind of typical Bait-feeding type aquaculture model, bait feeding amount it is big and
Utilization rate is low, a large amount of residual baits and cultivation discharged waste as dispersion of flow is to neighbouring or be deposited to seabed, to water body and deposition ring
Bring and directly affect in border.The environmental problem in immediate offshore area cage culture area is always the focus of numerous focus of attention in recent years.Net
" contribution " of case livestock waste environmental pollution directly limit aquaculture around marine site continuation development.Seawater cage culture
How industry breaks through present situation, realizes sustainable development, becomes problem in science urgently to be resolved hurrily, and which it is critical only that how to reduce cultivation
The generation and discharge of waste.
" carbon remittance fishery " is green, low carbon development new concept embodying in aquaculture field, can be preferably evident
The two big function of food supply and ecology service of aobvious aquaculture, and become promotion aquaculture and the development of a Modern Fishery new round
Driving force.The future thrust for having led cage culture industry of this new concept wisdom, environmentally friendly cultural ecological system
The only way for developing into the sound development of cage culture industry of system and aquaculture model.New developmental pattern is actively inquired into, is built
Environmentally friendly culture fishery, develops the integrated culture of many trophic levels, be expected to realize culture fishery " efficiently, high-quality,
The healthy aquaculture pattern of ecological, health, safety " target of sustainable development.Obviously, the development of this new concept and practice is also to answer
To with solve the problems, such as multiple pressure coerce under marine ecosystems an effective way.
Prior art such as Authorization Notice No. is the Chinese invention patent of CN104509469B, discloses a kind of height of smooth lip fish
Density green ecological cultural method, which includes that pond is built in addressing, pond is cleared and sterilized, fry is thrown in, throws feeding and daily management, fish disease prevention and cure
Etc. step artificial cultivation light lip fish, and the breeding way by adopting shunting pond to combine with step-type multi-step drop culturing pool,
Wherein shunting pond is used to precipitate stream debris and adjusts water temperature, and step-type multi-step drop culturing pool is by current during drop
Oxygen in sufficient dissolved air, and then realize oxygen dissolved requirement of the current under differing heights in each culturing pool.The present invention
Efficiently solve existing smooth lip fish culture density low, the problem for yielding poorly, breeding density reach 110 tails/square metre premise
Under, than 50.5 tail of existing breeding density/square metre, cultivation density lifts one times, and its survival rate is up to 97%, unit plane
Product yield is both significantly higher than prior art, has significant economic benefit up to 5.1 Kilograms Per Square Meter.Prior art such as authorizes public affairs
The Chinese invention patent for CN103004651B is accused number, has disclosed inland soda type salinized reed marshland reed-fish-a kind of
The method of shrimp-Eriocheir sinensiss complex ecological cultivation；Tame including crab species；Fish, shrimp, juvenile crab kind breeding density；Aquaculture management and fish for；Phragmites communiss
Cultivation.Using the method for the present invention, the domestication survival rate of crab species is 81.3%；The average breeding density of crab, Fish and shrimps
Respectively 2138/hm2, 510 tails/hm2With 11750 tails/hm2, averagely fish for weight and be respectively 87.15kg/hm2、
233.30kg/hm2And 52.88kg/hm2, average Catchable size respectively 145.2g/, 670.6g/ tails and 5.3g/ tails, averagely
The rate of recapture is respectively 26.83%, 69.45% and 83.63%, and the average density of phragmites communiss increases by 9.69%, and average product is improved
12.47%, the input-output ratio of trial zone is 1: 3.174.Both breeding way are adapted to land freshwater aquiculture, and only do not have
Multi-level nutrient distribution is carried out, the utilization rate of feedstuff is not high.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of fish-algae combines, efficiency of feed utilization is high, few to water pollution, cultivates close
The big many trophic level ecological cultivation methods of degree.
The present invention for the technical scheme that the problem mentioned in background technology is taken is：Many trophic level ecologic breeding sides
Method, concrete operations are：
1), select cultivation place：Selection water quality in cultivation place is limpid, and sunny, the height of water is little, and water velocity is slow
Region；
2), cultivation distribution：Shallow sea fish fry is thrown on the upper strata of marine ecology aquaculture net cage, injected volume is 100～130
Tail/square metre.Bottom dwelling property filter food seedling is thrown in lower floor, injected volume is 500～1000/square metre, in connection
Chlorella is planted on the anchor line of net cage, planting density is 20～40/cm2.By the interbiotic combination of the Different Nutrition Ecological niche, make
Material in input cage culture system is realized sufficiently repeatedly circulating, so as to the matter and energy in raising system is using effect
Rate, realizes having complementary functions between different breeding type system, reduces discharge of the cage culture waste to surrounding.Many nutritive layers
The purpose of secondary aquaculture model is to improve Bait-feeding type cage culture to be able to maintain that long-term sustainable development state, increases unit cultivation
The economic interests and environmental benefit of system, are one kind " carbon remittance " aquaculture models that can reduce " ecological footprints ".Many trophic levels
Integrated culture (IMTA) can not only promote the diversification of sea-farming economy, and be can either realizing for unique feasible
Free environment remediation, while increasing cultured output and bringing the effective means of economic interests；
3), throw and raise and daily management：Feed 1～3 feedstuff daily, feeding volume is ingested shape according to weather, water temperature and fish body
Condition is flexibly grasped, and general day feeding volume is controlled the 3～6% of fry body weight.Feed components and its weight portion are：New iced trash fish 40
～60 parts, 35～45 parts of soybean meal, 15～25 parts of Zein powder, 2～4 parts of papain, neutral protease 0.3～0.6
Part, 0.8～1.2 part of phytase, 0.4～0.9 part of pantothenic acid, 0.2～0.5 part of vitamin C, 0.1～0.3 part of dalcium biphosphate, crow
0.2～0.4 part of head, 0.3～0.9 part of Flos Lonicerae, 0.2～0.6 part of Herba Gelsemii Elegantiss, 0.0003～0.0004 part of nimbecetin and rutin
0.0006～0.0009 part.Above-mentioned feedstuff can not only meet shallow sea fish and the nutrition needed for the dwelling property filter food growth of bottom, dimension
Raw element and trace element, moreover it is possible to enhancing immunity, improve resistances against diseases.Inspection water quality, situation of ingesting, fish body active state and fixed
Shi Qingli net cages, are patrolled 3～8 times daily, and cleaning net cage frequency is monthly 2～5 times.Grasp the filter of water quality, shallow sea fish and dwelling property of bottom
The biological growing state of feeding habits, adjusts the feeding volume of feedstuff according to practical situation, allows its more preferable growth.Shallow sea fish and dwelling property of bottom
The cultivation density of filter food is big, if cleared up not in time, easy breed bacteria so as to which pathological changes occur.
Compared with prior art, it is an advantage of the current invention that：By the interbiotic combination of the Different Nutrition Ecological niche, input is made
Material in cage culture system is realized sufficiently repeatedly circulating, so as to the utilization ratio of the matter and energy in raising system,
Having complementary functions between different breeding type system is realized, discharge of the cage culture waste to surrounding is reduced.Many trophic levels
The purpose of aquaculture model is to improve Bait-feeding type cage culture to be able to maintain that long-term sustainable development state, increases unit cultivation system
The economic interests and environmental benefit of system, are one kind " carbon remittance " aquaculture models that can reduce " ecological footprints ".Many trophic levels are comprehensive
Close aquaculture model (IMTA) and can not only promote the diversification of sea-farming economy, and be unique feasible can either realize exempt from
Take environment remediation, while increasing cultured output and bringing the effective means of economic interests.Using feedstuff can not only meet shallow sea
Nutrition, vitamin and trace element needed for fish and bottom dwelling property filter food growth, moreover it is possible to enhancing immunity, improves disease-resistant energy
Power.Simple to operate, with low cost, income is high, is adapted to extensive shallow sea artificial cultivation.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is marine ecology aquaculture net cage structural representation；
Fig. 2 is marine ecology aquaculture net cage left view；
Fig. 3 is marine ecology aquaculture net cage attachment structure schematic diagram.
Description of reference numerals：Marine ecology aquaculture net cage 1, anchor line 2.
Specific embodiment
Present invention is described further below by drawings and Examples：
Embodiment 1：
Many trophic level ecological cultivation methods, concrete operations are：
1), select cultivation place：Selection water quality in cultivation place is limpid, and sunny, the height of water is little, and water velocity is slow
Region；
2), cultivation distribution：Shallow sea fish fry to be thrown on the upper strata of marine ecology aquaculture net cage 1, injected volume is 100～
130 tails/square metre.Bottom dwelling property filter food seedling is thrown in lower floor, injected volume is 500～1000/square metre, even
Connect, planting density is 20～40/cm2.By interbiotic group of the Different Nutrition Ecological niche
Close, make the material in input cage culture system realize sufficiently repeatedly circulating, so as to the matter and energy in raising system
Utilization ratio, realizes having complementary functions between different breeding type system, reduces discharge of the cage culture waste to surrounding.It is many
The purpose of trophic level aquaculture model is to improve Bait-feeding type cage culture to be able to maintain that long-term sustainable development state, increases single
The economic interests and environmental benefit of position cultivating system, are one kind " carbon remittance " aquaculture models that can reduce " ecological footprints ".It is seek more
Foster level integrated culture (IMTA) can not only promote the diversification of sea-farming economy, and be unique feasible can
Free environment remediation is realized enough, while increasing cultured output and bringing the effective means of economic interests；
3), throw and raise and daily management：Feed 1～3 feedstuff daily, feeding volume is ingested shape according to weather, water temperature and fish body
Condition is flexibly grasped, and general day feeding volume is controlled the 3～6% of fry body weight.Feed components and its weight portion are：New iced trash fish 40
～60 parts, 35～45 parts of soybean meal, 15～25 parts of Zein powder, 2～4 parts of papain, neutral protease 0.3～0.6
Part, 0.8～1.2 part of phytase, 0.4～0.9 part of pantothenic acid, 0.2～0.5 part of vitamin C, 0.1～0.3 part of dalcium biphosphate, crow
0.2～0.4 part of head, 0.3～0.9 part of Flos Lonicerae, 0.2～0.6 part of Herba Gelsemii Elegantiss, 0.0003～0.0004 part of nimbecetin and rutin
0.0006～0.0009 part.Above-mentioned feedstuff can not only meet shallow sea fish and the nutrition needed for the dwelling property filter food growth of bottom, dimension
Raw element and trace element, moreover it is possible to enhancing immunity, improve resistances against diseases.Inspection water quality, situation of ingesting, fish body active state and fixed
Shi Qingli net cages, are patrolled 3～8 times daily, and cleaning net cage frequency is monthly 2～5 times.Grasp the filter of water quality, shallow sea fish and dwelling property of bottom
The biological growing state of feeding habits, adjusts the feeding volume of feedstuff according to practical situation, allows its more preferable growth.Shallow sea fish and dwelling property of bottom
The cultivation density of filter food is big, if cleared up not in time, easy breed bacteria so as to which pathological changes occur.
Embodiment 2：
Many trophic level ecological cultivation methods, with Carnis Pseudosciaenae, bottom dwelling property filter food seedling is with Stichopus japonicuss, chlorella for shallow sea fish
By taking Sargassum fusiforme (Harv.) Setch as an example：
1), select cultivation place：Selection water quality in cultivation place is limpid, and sunny, the height of water is little, and water velocity is slow
Region；
2), cultivation distribution：Pseudosciaena crocea Fry is thrown on the upper strata of marine ecology aquaculture net cage 1, injected volume be 120 tails/
Square metre.Sea cucumber seedlings are thrown in lower floor, injected volume is 800/square metre, sheep is planted on the anchor line 2 of connection net cage and is dwelt
Dish, planting density are 30/cm2.By the interbiotic combination of the Different Nutrition Ecological niche, the thing in input cage culture system is made
Matter is realized sufficiently repeatedly circulating, and so as to the utilization ratio of the matter and energy in raising system, realizes different breeding type system
Having complementary functions between system, reduces discharge of the cage culture waste to surrounding.The purpose of many trophic level aquaculture models is to carry
High Bait-feeding type cage culture is able to maintain that long-term sustainable development state, increases the economic interests and environment of unit cultivating system
Benefit, is one kind " carbon remittance " aquaculture model that can reduce " ecological footprints ".Many trophic level integrated cultures (IMTA) are no
Can only promote the diversification of sea-farming economy, and be that unique feasible can either realize free environment remediation, while increase
Plus cultured output bring the effective means of economic interests；
3), throw and raise and daily management：Feed 2 feedstuffs daily, morning and noon respectively throw once, feeding volume according to weather,
Water temperature and fish body situation of ingesting flexibly is grasped, and general day feeding volume control is the 4% of fry body weight.Feed components and its most preferably
Weight portion is：New 50 parts of iced trash fish, 42 parts of soybean meal, 21 parts of Zein powder, 4 parts of papain, neutral protease 0.4
Part, 0.9 part of phytase, 0.6 part of pantothenic acid, 0.3 part of vitamin C, 0.2 part of dalcium biphosphate, crow are first 0.3 part, 0.6 part of Flos Lonicerae,
0.0007 part of 0.4 part of Herba Gelsemii Elegantiss, 0.0004 part of nimbecetin and rutin.Above-mentioned feedstuff can not only meet Carnis Pseudosciaenae and Stichopus japonicuss growth institute
Nutrition, vitamin and the trace element for needing, moreover it is possible to enhancing immunity, improves resistances against diseases.Inspection water quality, situation of ingesting, fish body
Active state and timing cleaning net cage, inspection 6 times daily, cleaning net cage frequency are monthly 4 times.Grasp water quality, Carnis Pseudosciaenae and sea
The growing state of ginseng, adjusts the feeding volume of feedstuff according to practical situation, allows its more preferable growth.The cultivation of Carnis Pseudosciaenae and Stichopus japonicuss is close
Degree is big, if cleared up not in time, easy breed bacteria so as to which pathological changes occur.
Routine operation in the operating procedure of the present invention is well known to those skilled in the art, and here is not repeated.
Embodiment described above has been described in detail to technical scheme, it should be understood that the above is only
For the specific embodiment of the present invention, the present invention is not limited to, all any modifications made in the spirit of the present invention,
Supplementary or similar fashion replacement etc., should be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. trophic level ecological cultivation method more than, it is characterised in that following steps：
1), select cultivation place：Selection water quality in cultivation place is limpid, and sunny, the height of water is little, the slow area of water velocity
Domain；
2), cultivation distribution：Fry is thrown on the upper strata of marine ecology aquaculture net cage (1), by bottom dwelling property filter food seedling
Throw in lower floor, algae is planted on the anchor line (2) of connection net cage；
3), throw and raise and daily management：Feedstuff is fed daily, water quality of patrolling, situation of ingesting, fish body active state and regularly cleaning net
Case.
2. many trophic level ecological cultivation methods according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Fry in described step 2
For shallow sea fish fry.
3. many trophic level ecological cultivation methods according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Fry in described step 2
Injected volume be 100～130 tails/square metre.
4. many trophic level ecological cultivation methods according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In described step 2, bottom is dwelt
Property filter food seedling injected volume be 500～1000/square metre.
5. many trophic level ecological cultivation methods according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Algae in described step 2
For chlorella, planting density is 20～40/cm2。
6. many trophic level ecological cultivation methods according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In described step 3 daily
Feed 1～3 time, feeding volume is flexibly grasped according to weather, water temperature and fish body situation of ingesting, general day feeding volume is controlled in fry body
The 3～6% of weight.
7. many trophic level ecological cultivation methods according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In described step 3 daily
Inspection 3～8 times.
8. many trophic level ecological cultivation methods according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Feedstuff in described step 3
Composition and its weight portion are：New 40～60 parts of iced trash fish, 35～45 parts of soybean meal, 15～25 parts of Zein powder, Papain
2～4 parts of enzyme, 0.3～0.6 part of neutral protease, 0.8～1.2 part of phytase, 0.4～0.9 part of pantothenic acid, vitamin C 0.2～0.5
Part, 0.1～0.3 part of dalcium biphosphate, crow are first 0.2～0.4 part, 0.3～0.9 part of Flos Lonicerae, 0.2～0.6 part of Herba Gelsemii Elegantiss, Rhizoma Kaempferiae
0.0006～0.0009 part of 0.0003～0.0004 part of phenol and rutin.
9. many trophic level ecological cultivation methods according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Clear up in described step 3
Net cage frequency is monthly 2～5 times.
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