CN106576810A - Planting method of pachyrhizua angulatus - Google Patents
Planting method of pachyrhizua angulatus Download PDFInfo
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- CN106576810A CN106576810A CN201611129473.7A CN201611129473A CN106576810A CN 106576810 A CN106576810 A CN 106576810A CN 201611129473 A CN201611129473 A CN 201611129473A CN 106576810 A CN106576810 A CN 106576810A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
- A01G9/029—Receptacles for seedlings
- A01G9/0299—Handling or transporting of soil blocks or seedlings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
The invention provides a planting method of pachyrhizua angulatus, and relates to the technical field of agricultural planting. Main links comprise seedbed preparing, seedling growing, field soil preparation, transplantation field planting, field management, main seedling selecting and remaining, pole inserting, vine guide to poles, root hair exposing and root remaining, seedling control, fertilizer and water management, weeding and harvesting. The problem that pachyrhizua angulatus is low in yield or quality at present is solved through the method.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural cultivation technical field, more particularly to a kind of implantation methods of Pachyrhizua angulatus.
Background technology
Pachyrhizua angulatus, leguminous plant is food, the dual-purpose vegetable of medicine, and during as food, its crisp taste sweet is tasty and refreshing, is suited the taste of both old and young,
It is deep to be liked by numerous people, during as medicine, cure mainly fever caused by exogenous pathogens, headStiffness of the napeBitterly,MeaslesGo out not smooth, epidemic febrile disease mouth from the beginning of, rash
Yearningly, quench one's thirst, have loose bowels, dysentery, hypertension and coronary heart disease, therefore, Pachyrhizua angulatus has very high value, is adapted to establishing in large scale, production.
But at present Pachyrhizua angulatus per unit area yield is too low (general per mu yield is only 1000kg, the 1500kg of high yield), and most of kinds are needed
Plantation could be harvested for 2 years, and planting benefit is generally relatively low, it is difficult to spread.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to：Solve current Pachyrhizua angulatus yield or low-quality problem, there is provided a kind of plantation side of Pachyrhizua angulatus
Method.
Technical scheme is as follows：
A kind of implantation methods of Pachyrhizua angulatus, it is characterised in that key link includes nursery site preparation, nursery, field site preparation, transplanting
Field planting, field management, main Seedling of selecting and remain, pole is inserted, is drawn pole on rattan, crab rooting and is stayed Pueraria lobota, control Seedling, rich water quality management, weeding and harvesting；
It is concretely comprised the following steps：
Step one：Nursery site preparation；Select draining it is good, it is leeward on the sunny side, loose soil layer, good permeability and soil property it is tiny
Nursery furrow are played in arable land by loam or sandy loam as cultivating soil, mid-January by width 1.2m, high 0.2m standards, wherein, furrow face
Wide 1.1-1.2m, furrow ditch top width 0.4m；Draining furrow width 0.7m between furrow and furrow；10～20 days before nursery (under in i.e. 1 month
Ten days) plastic sheeting is covered to booth, to improve ground temperature；Also to be ready for building the bamboo bow of shed and plastic sheeting simultaneously.
Step 2：Nursery；In the seedbed that nursery skewer inserting step one is obtained, kind of a rattan is cut into into 9 before cutting propagation～
The cutting of 11cm length, at least 1 bud section of each cutting, bud section lower end stays 6～7cm, upper end to stay 3～4cm；Cutting edge of a knife or a sword when cutting
The fruit tree pruning shear of profit, the edge of a knife of cutting will be smoothed, the paint sealing of upper end clip, prevent moisture loss.The paint of sealing is done
Afterwards, carried out disinfection within 5 minutes with the 1000 times of immersion bubble cuttings of thiophanate-methyl or carbendazim, picked up after draining away the water, by suitable up and down
Sequence (by lower alignment) is bundled into wisp, then 3～5cm of cutting bottom is placed on into 1000～2000mg/kg naphthalene acetic acids or indole second
Soak 10～30 seconds in acid solution, to promote rooting of cuttings, improve planting percent.6-7cm in rattan insertion soil deeply, section eye germination will be planted
Upward, and expose soil in part；The moistening of soil is kept, but moisture should not be excessive, and the cloudy day drenched a water per three days, one during fine day
It drenches once；Meanwhile, cover thin film to encircle arc, and (if seedling in greenhouse it is best), germination percentage is high, and neatly, one time germination percentage can
Up to 85%, fine day needs film to raise；Seedbed is poured into permeable before cuttage kind rattan, top layer depth 10cm inside must be sufficiently humidified so as to suddenly,
According to 3cm*3cm density cuttage kind rattans, cuttage is vertical cuttage, and down, the one end for having eye short is gone up down, and depth is with bud at long end
Eye is just defined to mud face.
Step 3：Field site preparation；Select loose fertile loam or sandy loam, underground of the thickness of surface soil up to more than 0.5m
Water level is relatively low, irrigation and drainage are good, rainy season clears soil of the field ponding less than 12 hours；Base manure is discharged, field banding is uniformly spread
Compound fertilizer is applied, dose is every mu of 40kg, bandwidth 0.4-0.5m of applying fertilizer；According to the belt like shape of fertilising, using Bedder lister body
Operation, ridging after first deep ploughing；After ridging in the morning or when dusk soil compares moistening, preemergence herbicide is sprayed in ground surface, obtained
To the farming being disposed, preemergence herbicide can effectively close weeds in 60 days and not grow.
Step 4：Survival after transplant；Before and after the Spring Equinox, the local lowest temperature more than 8 DEG C, and seedling length to during 1-5cm to children
Seedling is transplanted, first that seedbed glue moistening is saturating before transplanting, and seedling is carefully pulled up, and is sure not to damage seedling, and seedling root is carried
Soil, soil is not removed, during the seedling for pulling up carefully is overlayed into bamboo basket or ventilative carton by layer, it is to avoid sunlight irradiates, and
Height is stacked less than 40cm in order to avoid crush injury, then the kind Tanaka that seedling cultivation to Jing step 3 is processed, the seedling for pulling up
Kind of a Tanaka was transplanted in 2 hours, with a collection of transplanting seedling bud length difference in below 1cm, seedling of uniform size is with profit
In field management in the future, the seedling of nursery Tanaka is not pulled out, and leaves fraction；In kind of a Tanaka, per ridge, diameter 20cm, depth are pressed in top
The specification of degree 10cm digs planting pit, and adjacent two cave center dot spacing is 45cm；By the seedling cuttage dug out in the middle of planting pit, return
Real soil is tamped, soil is defined by the section portion for filling out growth of seedling, depth is formed in the seedling periphery radius 10cm after field planting
The shallow hole of 2.8-3.2cm；After field planting in 2-3 hours, drench into root water in shallow hole；Survival after transplant is completed, and is subsequently watered every time
All it is poured onto in shallow hole, frequency of watering to number of times is according to the different and different of weather, it is ensured that seedling is not non-irrigated dead, is 8- in the lowest temperature
12 DEG C of fine day, waters daily once, when the lowest temperature is 12-18 DEG C of fine day, waters daily 2 times, and every time per plant is watered
Measure as 70-80ml, the rainy day does not water.
Step 5：Field management；After the field planting 8 days of step 4, first time inspection is carried out to field, pick out disease
Seedling, weak seedling, dead seedling, the seedling of health is filled in hole；Second inspection is carried out after 5 days, sick seedling, weak seedling, dead seedling is picked out, will
The seedling of health is filled in hole；Third time inspection is carried out after 5 days, sick seedling, weak seedling, dead seedling is picked out, the seedling of health is filled into
In hole；After three times have checked, it is ensured that the survival rate of field seedling be 99.99% and more than, growth of seedling is into plantlet；In inspection
After the completion of looking into, then plant is topdressed, topdress and be divided into twice, for the first time when plant starts growth, second in field planting
When 40-52 days,；Topdress twice and all select when fine day dusk or cloudy day, when drenching fertilising material water Plant Leaf can not be splashed
At son or tender shoots.
Step 6：Select and remain main Seedling；Through step 5 the plant for arriving tendril length to 30-32cm when, often selecting good strains in the field for seed, it is most long to take
Without insect pest one day tendril stays most sturdy, terminal bud as main Seedling, and remaining small and weak Seedling and tender shoots are completely extractd, and should not be damaged during operation
Hinder main Seedling.
Step 7：Plug in pole；When the main Seedling stayed through step 6 grows to 35-40cm, prepare bamboo pole, the specification of bamboo pole is length
2m, a diameter of 3-5cm, one end of close bamboo pole root is fined away, and the section near top retains the side shoot of 3cm length makes powder rattan rattan
Climing firmly to climb, bamboo pole quantity is pressed and calculated per two plants one；When main Seedling grows to 40-50cm, in ridge both sides per two plants of plant
Between intersecting vertical plug in pole, between two plants of plant in a triangle, with reasonable layout sunlight.
Step 8：Draw pole on rattan；When the main Seedling in step 7 grows to 68-72cm, manually drawn pole on rattan, will be adjacent
Two plants of tendrils are counterclockwise wrapped on same bamboo pole, are fixed with the Caulis et Folium Oryzae colligation of moistening, not fall off as degree, while and
Tendril is not damaged.
Step 9：Crab rooting stays Pueraria lobota：78-82 days after field planting, carry out crab rooting and stay Pueraria lobota to work, push kind of a rattan root soil aside, reveal
Go out root hair, the sturdy Radix Puerariae without bifurcated of 1-2 bars of often selecting good strains in the field for seed is stayed, and unnecessary Radix Puerariae is cut off with pocket knife, if without single nothing
The Radix Puerariae of bifurcated, the minimum Radix Puerariae of branch of just selecting and remain cuts off branch to leaving behind a branch；After root is cut, with soil by root
Cover to earth's surface 4-5cm is only exposed, loosening the soil in the range of 20cm will shakeout around the Radix Puerariae after earthing, and rainwater alluviation is again by Pueraria lobota
Root is filled out not.
Step 10：Control Seedling；Lateral bud of the tendril apart from below bottom surface 1m is all erased, the lateral bud of more than tendril 1m is in Ge Miao
Grow to 2.5m it is high when pinch, the lateral bud after pinching be allowed to growth, with ensure have enough leaf areas to carry out photosynthesis；Control Seedling
Purpose is control Pachyrhizua angulatus aerial growth, promotes several lower Radix Puerariaes quickly to expand.
Step 11：Rich water quality management；After topdressing twice in step 5, third time is carried out after crab rooting stays Pueraria lobota and is chased after
Fertilizer, digs cave and spreads fertilizer over the fields in the opposite side for not applying overfertilization, from the equal compound fertilizer of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content, or combines local soil regime
Fertilization compositions based on earth measurement；The area of 20cm*30cm centimetres press in fertilising cave, and depth is 20cm, hill spacing of applying fertilizer from plant root about 30cm,
One cave of excavation per adjacent two plants, per mu of totally 450 cave, dose is every mu of 45kg, per cave 0.1kg, soil is returned after fertilising and fills out in cave day
It is full；The 4th time is carried out in crab rooting after 60 days to topdress, method and dose are topdressed identical with third time；Topdress every time before rain after rain
Carry out during ground moistening, be that plant can quickly absorb, fertilizer efficiency is more preferable；If meeting continuous drought weather, to pour in time after topdressing
Water；Also depending on visual plant growing way, the weaker plant of growing way can suitably mend the material that topdresses for manuring late.
Step 12：Weeding；Fine day calm weather is selected to carry out chemical weed control work, spraying method is sprayed using orientation,
Pharmaceutical can not be sprayed onto on Pachyrhizua angulatus leaf.
Step 13：Harvesting；Can harvest to Clear and Bright in the coming year after selecting the Frost's Descent；Harvesting is front lower to cut off Pueraria lobata from root, will
Bamboo pole pulls up and removes tendril wound on it, and bamboo pole concentrates offence in case the coming year is practical；Tendril concentrates other side to burn after drying
Process, cleaning bottom surface is excavated beneficial to mechanization, be careful not to damage Radix Puerariae during excavation；Excavate its Radix Puerariae and remove silt, excision
End to end, more than one jin without bifurcated, shape it is good without it is damaged, without worm hole, without rotten Radix Puerariae be commodity Pueraria lobota, remaining is time Pueraria lobota, can be used for
Processing medical material or processing Amylum Puerariae Radicis.
Further, the base manure described in step 3 is nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer and chicken manure, cattle manure mixed fertilizer.
Specifically, for the deep ploughing ridging of step 3, deep ploughing reaches the plantation standard of suitable line-spacing 1.8m, spacing in the rows 0.45m,
Ridging reaches height for 0.6m, the standard that width is furrow width 0.5m between 1.3m, ridge and ridge；Fertilising band be with ridge distance from top
0.29-0.32m。
Preferably, preemergence herbicide is N,N'-dimethyl-.gamma..gamma.'-dipyridylium herbicide in step 3.
Further, the first time in step 5 topdress and topdress for the second time using identical compound fertilizer, the compound fertilizer
For peroxophosphoric acid calcareous fertilisers.
After such scheme, what the present invention was obtained has the beneficial effect that：(1) incidence probability of Pachyrhizua angulatus is reduced, it is to avoid
Rotten Pueraria lobota, the appearance of lopsided Pueraria lobota, improve the yield of Pachyrhizua angulatus, and Nonpoisonous, non-environmental-pollution allows consumer to trust edible；(2) present invention is adopted
Thin film covers bed planting, artificial dibbling planting patternss, the effect with moisturizing and insulation, improves profit of the Pachyrhizua angulatus Seedling to soil moisture
Use efficiency；(3) 1000 times of immersion bubbles of the cutting thiophanate-methyl after shearing or carbendazim are carried out disinfection in step 2, will be inserted
Bar bottom 3-5cm is placed on concentration to soak in 1000mg/kg naphthalene acetic acids or heteroauxing solution, it is ensured that plant the fungal disease of rattan
And bacteriosises, deposit into the growth for planting rattan；(4) kind of rattan is carried out repeatedly being checked during field management, to guarantee children
The survival rate of Seedling is to more than 99.99%；(5) after planting, carry out three times to Pachyrhizua angulatus to topdress, including compound fertilizer, calcareous fertilisers, can make
Obtain plant to be equalized obtaining the supplement of calcium while nutrition from soil, so as to improve the pH value of soil, be mitigated or eliminated
The a large amount of harm of ferrum, aluminum, manganese plasma to soil in acid ground, so as to improve nutrition and the mouthfeel of Pachyrhizua angulatus；(6) it is relative
In traditional cultivation technique, the cultivation technique of the present invention causes Pachyrhizua angulatus yield and quality to be significantly increased, and wherein yield increased
12.7%, dry matter content increased 11.24%, and soluble protein increased 7.1%, and content of starch increased 17.2%,
VC contents increased 15.8%.
Specific embodiment
Step one：Nursery site preparation；Select draining it is good, it is leeward on the sunny side, loose soil layer, good permeability and soil property it is tiny
Nursery furrow are played in arable land by loam or sandy loam as cultivating soil, mid-January by width 1.2m, high 0.2m standards, wherein, furrow face
Wide 1.1-1.2m, furrow ditch top width 0.4m；Draining furrow width 0.7m between furrow and furrow；It is thin plastics to be covered to booth within 20 days before nursery
Film, to improve ground temperature；Also to be ready for building the bamboo bow of shed and plastic sheeting simultaneously.
Step 2：Nursery；In the seedbed that nursery skewer inserting step one is obtained, kind of a rattan is cut into into 10cm length before cutting propagation
Cutting, at least 1 bud section of each cutting, bud section lower end stays 6cm, upper end to stay 4cm；With sharp pruning fruit tree when cutting
Knife, the edge of a knife of cutting will be smoothed, the paint sealing of upper end clip, prevent moisture loss.After the paint of sealing is dry, methyl sulfur bacterium is used
1000 times of immersion bubble cuttings of spirit or carbendazim carry out disinfection for 5 minutes, pick up after draining away the water, by order up and down (by lower alignment)
Wisp is bundled into, is soaked 10～30 seconds in then cutting bottom 4cm rice being placed on into 1500mg/kg naphthalene acetic acids or heteroauxing solution,
To promote rooting of cuttings, planting percent is improved.7cm in rattan insertion soil deeply will be planted, soil upward, and is exposed in section eye germination part；Protect
The moistening of soil is held, but moisture should not be excessive, and the cloudy day drenched a water per three days, drenched once within one day during fine day；Meanwhile, to encircle arc lid
Upper thin film, germination percentage is high, and neatly, up to 85%, fine day needs film to raise to a germination percentage；Seedbed is irrigated before cuttage kind rattan
Water, top layer depth 10cm, inside must be sufficiently humidified so as to suddenly, and according to 3cm*3cm density cuttage kind rattans, cuttage is vertical cuttage, long end
Down, the one end for having eye short is gone up down, and depth is just defined by eye to mud face.
Step 3：Field site preparation；Select thickness of surface soil up to more than 0.5 meter loose fertile loam or sandy loam,
Lower water level is relatively low, irrigation and drainage good, rainy season clears soil of the field ponding less than 12 hours；Base manure is discharged, field banding is uniform
Compound fertilizer is spread fertilizer over the fields, dose is every mu of 40kg, bandwidth 0.5m of applying fertilizer；According to the belt like shape of fertilising, made using Bedder lister body
Industry, ridging after first deep ploughing；After ridging in the morning or when dusk soil compares moistening, preemergence herbicide is sprayed in ground surface, obtained
The farming being disposed, preemergence herbicide can effectively close weeds in 60 days and not grow.
Step 4：Survival after transplant；Before and after the Spring Equinox, the local lowest temperature more than 8 DEG C, and seedling length to during 5cm to seedling
Transplanted, it is first that seedbed glue moistening is saturating before transplanting, seedling is carefully pulled up, it to be sure not to damage seedling, seedling root carries mud
Soil, soil is not removed, during the seedling for pulling up carefully is overlayed into bamboo basket or ventilative carton by layer, it is to avoid sunlight irradiates, and folded
Height is put less than 40cm in order to avoid crush injury, then the kind Tanaka that seedling cultivation to Jing step 3 is processed, the seedling for pulling up is 2
Hour in be transplanted to kind of a Tanaka, with a collection of transplanting seedling bud length difference in below 1cm, seedling of uniform size is beneficial to day
Field management afterwards, the seedling of nursery Tanaka is not pulled out, and leaves fraction；In kind of a Tanaka, per ridge, diameter 20cm, depth are pressed in top
The specification of 10cm digs planting pit, and adjacent two cave center dot spacing is 45cm；By the seedling cuttage dug out in the middle of planting pit, backfill
Compacting soil, soil is defined by the section portion for filling out growth of seedling, and depth 3cm is formed in the seedling periphery radius 10cm after field planting
Shallow hole；After field planting in 2 hours, drench into root water in shallow hole；Survival after transplant is completed, and subsequently watering every time is all poured onto in shallow hole,
Frequency of watering is to number of times according to the different and different of weather, it is ensured that seedling is not non-irrigated dead, in the fine day that the lowest temperature is 8 DEG C, daily
Water once, when the lowest temperature is 12 DEG C of fine days, water daily 2 times, every time per plant of irrigation amount is 80ml, and the rainy day does not pour
Water；Survival after transplant is completed.
Step 5：Field management；After the field planting 8 days of step 4, first time inspection is carried out to field, weeds are carried out
Manually pull out, if there is hardened soil, appropriate plane pine should be carried out to it, while sick seedling, weak seedling, dead seedling are picked out, by health
Seedling is filled in hole；Second inspection is carried out after 5 days, it is identical with first time inspection method；Third time inspection is carried out after 5 days, and
Second inspection method is identical；After three times have checked, it is ensured that the survival rate of field seedling be 99.99% and more than, seedling life
Grow up to plantlet；Then the plant that step 4 is obtained is topdressed, topdresses and be divided into twice, start growth in plant for the first time
When, compound fertilizer is according to 1:80 ratio is watered pouring and applies root, and dose is every mu of 6kg, per plant of pouring fertilising material water 500ml, second
It is secondary to topdress when being colonized 40-52 days, press 1 from compound fertilizer of Norway:50 ratios are watered spreads manuer in holes, apply fertilizer cave be intended to the side on ridge away from
Excavate away from plant 25cm, specification is 20cm*25cm, and depth is 15cm, and a cave is opened per two plants, and dose is every mu of 8kg, per cave
Drench fertilising 1 spoonful of water of material；Topdress twice and all select when fine day dusk or cloudy day, when drenching fertilising material water plant can not be splashed
At leaf or tender shoots.
Step 6：Select and remain main Seedling；Through step 5 the plant for arriving tendril length to 30cm when, often selecting good strains in the field for seed, it is most long most thick to take
Strong, without insect pest one day tendril of terminal bud stays as main Seedling, and remaining small and weak Seedling and tender shoots are completely extractd, and master should not be damaged during operation
Seedling.
Step 7：Plug in pole；When the main Seedling stayed through step 6 grows to 40cm, prepare bamboo pole, the specification of bamboo pole is long 2m,
A diameter of 3cm, one end of close bamboo pole root is fined away, and the section near top retains the side shoot of 3cm length enables powder rattan tendril
Firmly climbing, bamboo pole quantity is pressed and calculated per two plants one；When main Seedling grows to 50cm, intersect per between two plants of plant in ridge both sides
Pole is vertically inserted, between two plants of plant in a triangle, with reasonable layout sunlight.
Step 8：Draw pole on rattan；When the main Seedling in step 7 grows to 70cm, manually drawn pole on rattan, by adjacent two
Tendril is counterclockwise wrapped on same bamboo pole for strain, is fixed with the Caulis et Folium Oryzae colligation of moistening, not fall off as degree, while and not
Damage tendril.
Step 9：Crab rooting stays Pueraria lobota：80 days after field planting, carry out crab rooting and stay Pueraria lobota to work, push kind of a rattan root soil aside, expose root
Must, 1 sturdy Radix Puerariae without bifurcated of often selecting good strains in the field for seed is stayed, and unnecessary Radix Puerariae is cut off with pocket knife, if without individually without bifurcated
Radix Puerariae, the minimum Radix Puerariae of branch of just selecting and remain cuts off branch to leaving behind a branch；After root is cut, with soil by root cover to
Only expose earth's surface 4cm, loosening the soil in the range of 20cm will shakeout around the Radix Puerariae after earthing, and rainwater alluviation again fills out Radix Puerariae not.
Step 10：Control Seedling；Lateral bud of the tendril apart from below bottom surface 1m is all erased, the lateral bud of more than tendril 1m is in Ge Miao
Grow to 2.5m it is high when pinch, the lateral bud after pinching be allowed to growth, with ensure have enough leaf areas to carry out photosynthesis；Control Seedling
Purpose is control Pachyrhizua angulatus aerial growth, promotes several lower Radix Puerariaes quickly to expand.
Step 11：Rich water quality management；After topdressing twice in step 5, third time is carried out after crab rooting stays Pueraria lobota and is chased after
Fertilizer, digs cave and spreads fertilizer over the fields in the opposite side for not applying overfertilization, from the equal compound fertilizer of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content, or combines local soil regime
Fertilization compositions based on earth measurement；The area of 20cm*30cm centimetres press in fertilising cave, and depth is 20cm, hill spacing of applying fertilizer from plant root about 30cm,
One cave of excavation per adjacent two plants, per mu of totally 450 cave, dose is 45 kilograms per mu, per cave 0.1kg, soil is returned after fertilising by cave day
Fill up；The 4th time is carried out in crab rooting after 60 days to topdress, method and dose are topdressed identical with third time；Topdress every time the rain before rain
Carry out during ground moistening afterwards, be that plant can quickly absorb, fertilizer efficiency is more preferable；It is timely after topdressing if meeting continuous drought weather
Water；Also depending on visual plant growing way, the weaker plant of growing way can suitably mend the material that topdresses for manuring late.
Step 12：Weeding；Fine day calm weather is selected to carry out chemical weed control work, spraying method is sprayed using orientation,
Pharmaceutical can not be sprayed onto on Pachyrhizua angulatus leaf.
Step 13：Harvesting；Can harvest to Clear and Bright in the coming year after selecting the Frost's Descent；Harvesting is front lower to cut off Pueraria lobata from root, will
Bamboo pole pulls up and removes tendril wound on it, and bamboo pole concentrates offence in case the coming year is practical；Tendril concentrates other side to burn after drying
Process, cleaning bottom surface is excavated beneficial to mechanization, be careful not to damage Radix Puerariae during excavation；Excavate its Radix Puerariae and remove silt, excision
End to end, more than one jin without bifurcated, shape it is good without it is damaged, without worm hole, without rotten Radix Puerariae be commodity Pueraria lobota, remaining is time Pueraria lobota, can be used for
Processing medical material or processing Amylum Puerariae Radicis.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of implantation methods of Pachyrhizua angulatus, it is characterised in that key link includes nursery site preparation, nursery, field site preparation, transplants fixed
Plant, field management, main Seedling of selecting and remain, pole is inserted, is drawn pole on rattan, crab rooting and is stayed Pueraria lobota, control Seedling, rich water quality management, weeding and harvesting；
It is concretely comprised the following steps：
Step one：Seedbed prepares；Mid-January, select draining it is good, it is leeward on the sunny side, loose soil layer, good permeability and soil property it is tiny
Loam or sandy loam as cultivating soil, will arable land by width 1.2m, high 0.2m standards nursery furrow, wherein, furrow face width
1.1-1.2m, furrow ditch top width 0.4m；Draining furrow width 0.7m between furrow and furrow；
Step 2：Nursery；In the seedbed that nursery skewer inserting step one is obtained, kind of a rattan is cut into into 9～11cm length before cutting propagation
Cutting, at least 1 bud section of each cutting, bud section lower end stays 6～7cm, upper end to stay 3～4cm；Cutting methyl after shearing
1000 times of immersion bubbles of thiophanate or carbendazim carry out disinfection for 5 minutes, pick up after draining away the water, and cutting bottom 3-5cm are placed on dense
Spend to soak 10～30 seconds in 1000mg/kg naphthalene acetic acids or heteroauxing solution；Also seedbed is poured into permeable before cuttage kind rattan, table
Layer depth 10cm, interior soil is sufficiently humidified so as to, according to 3cm*3cm density cuttage kind rattans；
Step 3：Field site preparation；Select loose fertile loam or sandy loam, level of ground water that thickness of surface soil is more than 0.5m
Relatively low, irrigation and drainage are good, rainy season clears soil of day sword hydrops less than 12 hours；Base manure is uniformly discharged soil banding, is applied fertilizer
Amount is every mu of 40kg, bandwidth 0.4-0.5m of applying fertilizer；According to the belt like shape of fertilising, using ditching, ridging machine operation, after first deep ploughing
Ridging；After ridging in the morning or when dusk soil compares moistening, in ground surface preemergence herbicide is sprayed；
Step 4：Survival after transplant；Before and after the Spring Equinox, the local lowest temperature more than 8 DEG C, and seedling length to 1-5cm when seedling is entered
Row is transplanted；First seedbed poured into water-wet thoroughly before transplanting, then seedling carefully pulled up, seedling root is not removed with soil, soil,
During the seedling for pulling up carefully is overlayed into bamboo basket or ventilative carton by layer, it is to avoid sunlight irradiate, and stack height be less than
40cm, then the Tanaka that seedling cultivation to Jing step 3 is processed；The seedling of nursery Tanaka is not pulled out, and leaves fraction；In Tanaka,
Per ridge, diameter 20cm is pressed at top, the specification of depth 10cm digs planting pit, and adjacent two cave center dot spacing is 45cm；By the children for digging out
Seedling cuttage is backfilling and compacted soil in the middle of planting pit, and soil is defined by the section portion for filling out growth of seedling, the seedling periphery after field planting
The shallow hole of depth 2.8-3.2cm is formed in radius 10cm；After field planting in 2-3 hours, drench into root water in shallow hole；Survival after transplant
Complete；
Step 5：Field management；After the field planting 8 days of step 4, first time inspection is carried out to field, weeds are carried out manually
Pull out, if there is hardened soil, appropriate plane pine should be carried out to it, while sick seedling, weak seedling, dead seedling are picked out, by the seedling of health
In filling into hole；Second inspection is carried out after 5 days, it is identical with first time inspection method；Third time inspection, and second are carried out after 5 days
Secondary inspection method is identical；After three times have checked, it is ensured that the survival rate of field seedling be 99.99% and more than, growth of seedling into
Plantlet；Then plant is topdressed, topdresses and be divided into twice, for the first time when plant starts growth, compound fertilizer is according to 1:80
Ratio be watered pouring and apply root, dose is every mu of 6kg, and per plant drenches fertilising material water 500ml, topdresses for the second time in field planting 40-52
It when；Topdress twice and all select when fine day dusk or cloudy day, when drenching fertilising material water plant leaves or tender can not be splashed
At bud；
Step 6：Select and remain main Seedling；Through step 5 the plant for arriving tendril length to 30-32cm when, often selecting good strains in the field for seed, it is most long most thick to take
Strong, without insect pest one day tendril of terminal bud stays as main Seedling, and remaining small and weak Seedling and tender shoots are completely extractd, and master should not be damaged during operation
Seedling；
Step 7：Plug in pole；When the main Seedling stayed through step 6 grows to 35-40cm, prepare bamboo pole, the specification of bamboo pole is long 2m,
A diameter of 3-5cm, one end of close bamboo pole root is fined away, and the section near top retains the side shoot of 3cm length, and bamboo pole quantity is pressed
Calculate per two plants one；When main Seedling grows to 40-50cm, pole, two plants of plants are inserted per intersecting vertical between two plants of plant in ridge both sides
Between strain in a triangle, with reasonable layout sunlight；
Step 8：Draw pole on rattan；When the main Seedling in step 7 grows to 68-72cm, manually drawn pole on rattan, by adjacent two plants
Tendril is counterclockwise wrapped on same bamboo pole, is fixed with the Caulis et Folium Oryzae colligation of moistening, not fall off as degree, while and not damaging
Hinder tendril；
Step 9：Crab rooting stays Pueraria lobota：78-82 days after field planting, carry out crab rooting and stay Pueraria lobota to work, push kind of a rattan root soil aside, expose root
Must, the sturdy Radix Puerariae without bifurcated of 1-2 bars of often selecting good strains in the field for seed is stayed, and unnecessary Radix Puerariae is cut off with pocket knife, if without individually without bifurcated
Radix Puerariae, the minimum Radix Puerariae of branch of just selecting and remain cuts off branch to leaving behind a branch；After root is cut, root is covered with soil
To earth's surface 4-5cm is only exposed, loosening the soil in the range of 20cm will shakeout around the Radix Puerariae after earthing, and rainwater alluviation again fills out Radix Puerariae
Not yet；
Step 10：Control Seedling；Lateral bud of the tendril apart from below bottom surface 1m is all erased, the lateral bud of more than tendril 1m grows in Ge Miao
Pinch when 2.5m is high, the lateral bud after pinching is allowed to growth, to ensure there are enough leaf areas to carry out photosynthesis；The purpose of control Seedling
It is control Pachyrhizua angulatus aerial growth, promotes several lower Radix Puerariaes quickly to expand；
Step 11：Rich water quality management；After topdressing twice in step 5, third time is carried out after crab rooting stays Pueraria lobota and is topdressed,
The opposite side digging cave for not applying overfertilization is spread fertilizer over the fields, and from the equal compound fertilizer of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content, or combines local soil regime survey soil
Rational application of fertilizers；The area of 20cm*30cm centimetres press in fertilising cave, and depth is 20cm, fertilising hill spacing from plant root about 30cm, every phase
Adjacent two plants of excavations, one caves, per mu of totally 450 cave, dose is every mu of 45kg, per cave 0.1kg, soil is returned after fertilising and fills up in cave day；
Crab rooting carries out the 4th time and topdresses after 60 days, method and dose are topdressed identical with third time；Topdress every time before rain soil after rain
Carry out during moistening, be that plant can quickly absorb, fertilizer efficiency is more preferable；If meeting continuous drought weather, to water in time after topdressing；Afterwards
Phase topdresses depending on also visual plant growing way, and the weaker plant of growing way can suitably mend the material that topdresses；
Step 12：Weeding；Fine day calm weather is selected to carry out chemical weed control work, in carrying out from N,N'-dimethyl-.gamma..gamma.'-dipyridylium chemical herbicide
Phase weeding, spraying method can not be sprayed onto on Pachyrhizua angulatus leaf using orientation spray, Pharmaceutical；
Step 13：Harvesting；Can harvest to Clear and Bright in the coming year after selecting the Frost's Descent；Harvesting is front lower to cut off Pueraria lobata from root, by bamboo pole
Tendril wound on it is pulled up and removes, bamboo pole concentrates offence in case the coming year is practical；Tendril concentrates other side to dry rear burning disposal,
Cleaning bottom surface is excavated beneficial to mechanization, is careful not to damage Radix Puerariae during excavation；Excavate its Radix Puerariae and remove silt, cut off end to end,
More than one jin without bifurcated, shape it is good without it is damaged, without worm hole, without rotten Radix Puerariae be commodity Pueraria lobota, remaining is time Pueraria lobota, can be used to process medicine
Material or processing Amylum Puerariae Radicis.
2. implantation methods of a kind of Pachyrhizua angulatus according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the base manure described in step 3 is nitrogen
Phosphorus potassium complex fertilizer and chicken manure, cattle manure mixed fertilizer.
3. implantation methods of a kind of Pachyrhizua angulatus according to claim 1, it is characterised in that for the deep ploughing ridging of step 3,
Deep ploughing reaches the plantation standard of suitable line-spacing 1.8m, spacing in the rows 0.45m, and it is 1.3m, ridge and ridge that ridging reaches height for 0.6m, width
Between furrow width 0.5m standard；Fertilising band is 0.29-0.32m with ridge distance from top.
4. implantation methods of a kind of Pachyrhizua angulatus according to claim 1, it is characterised in that preemergence herbicide is hundred in step 3
The withered herbicide of grass.
5. implantation methods of a kind of Pachyrhizua angulatus according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the first time in step 5 topdress and
Topdress for the second time using identical compound fertilizer, the compound fertilizer is peroxophosphoric acid calcareous fertilisers.
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