CN106575008A - Production method for polarizing film - Google Patents
Production method for polarizing film Download PDFInfo
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- CN106575008A CN106575008A CN201580040056.2A CN201580040056A CN106575008A CN 106575008 A CN106575008 A CN 106575008A CN 201580040056 A CN201580040056 A CN 201580040056A CN 106575008 A CN106575008 A CN 106575008A
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- film
- polyvinyl alcohol
- bath
- alcohol resin
- resin film
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Nonlinear Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Mathematical Physics (AREA)
- Polarising Elements (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Treatments Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
Abstract
Provided is a production method for a polarizing film, the production method including, in order, a swelling treatment step wherein an elongate polyvinyl alcohol resin film that has a thickness of 65 [mu]m or less is immersed in a swelling bath and then drawn out of the swelling bath and a dyeing treatment step wherein the film that has been drawn out of the swelling bath is immersed in a dyeing bath and then drawn out of the dyeing bath, said steps being achieved as a result of the polyvinyl alcohol resin film being wound out from a source material roll and conveyed. The curl angle of at least one of the width-direction ends of the polyvinyl alcohol resin film is less than 90 degrees when the film is immersed in the swelling bath.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to can act as the manufacture method of the polarizing coating of the member of formation of polarization plates.
Background technology
Polarizing coating made dichroism pigment as iodine, dichroic dye be adsorbed in the polyethylene after uniaxial extension in the past
Alcohol resin film and polarizing coating obtained from orientation.Be usually used bonding agent polarizing coating single or double laminating protecting film and
Polarization plates are formed, the polarizing coating is used for the liquid crystal displays such as LCD TV, personal computer display and portable phone dress
It is set to the image display device of representative.
Generally, polarizing coating is manufactured in the following way：Implement by the polyvinyl alcohol resin film of the strip of continuous conveying according to
It is secondary to impregnated in swelling bath, dye bath, the such process for processing bath of crosslinking bath, and implement during this series of process
Prolonged treatment (such as Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication 2001-315140 publications (patent documentation 1)).Patent document 1 discloses that following content：For
The curling of the film end produced when extending of polyvinyl alcohol resin film can be suppressed and equably extended, be made polyethylene
Roll angle when alcohol resin film impregnated in 5 minutes in 30 DEG C of water is less than 180 °.
Citation
Patent documentation
Patent documentation 1：Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication 2001-315140 publications
The content of the invention
Invent problem to be solved
Polarizing coating can be manufactured continuously in the following way：In blank volume (rolling piece) from polyvinyl alcohol resin film even
The film is conveyed along through the various film transport paths for processing bath as described above while rolling out film continuously, and from dipping
Stage more than any one during in swelling bath to self-crosslinking is bathed and drawn implements prolonged treatment.However, continuous
Film ruptures sometimes during manufacture, especially when prolonged treatment, seeks to change from from the viewpoint of productivity ratio, the yield rate of polarizing coating
It is kind.The problem of film fracture when prolonged treatment is especially pronounced in the thickness hour of polyvinyl alcohol resin film.
Then, even if it is an object of the present invention to provide also can in the case of using thin polyvinyl alcohol resin film
The manufacture method of the polarizing coating of film fracture when enough effectively suppressing prolonged treatment.
For solving the scheme of problem
The present invention provides the manufacture method of polarizing coating shown below.
The manufacture method of polarizing coating includes successively：
[1] swelling treatment operation, in the swelling treatment operation, in the polyvinyl alcohol of the strip for by thickness being less than 65 μm
Resin film conveys the polyvinyl alcohol resin film while rolling out from blank, thus by the polyvinyl alcohol resin film
Impregnated in and the polyvinyl alcohol resin film is drawn after swelling bath；And
Dyeing treatment process, in the dyeing treatment process, by from it is swelling bath draw after film immersion in dye bath it
After draw the film,
The volume of at least one party in film width both ends of polyvinyl alcohol resin film immersion when swelling bath
Bent angle is less than 90 °.
[2] on the basis of the manufacture method described in [1], from by the polyvinyl alcohol resin film from blank is rolled out
To by the polyvinyl alcohol resin film immersion in swelling bath time be less than 750 seconds.
[3] on the basis of the manufacture method described in [1] or [2], from by the polyvinyl alcohol resin film from blank
Roll out during playing the polyvinyl alcohol resin film immersion till swelling bath, to the polyvinyl alcohol resin film
Implement dried.
[4] on the basis of the manufacture method described in [3], so that the curling face in the polyvinyl alcohol resin film is dry
The dry degree mode less than the aridity in the face of the opposition side in the curling face, implements the dried.
[5] on the basis of the manufacture method any one of [1]～[4], from by the polyvinyl alcohol resin
Film is rolled out during playing the polyvinyl alcohol resin film immersion till swelling bath from blank, to the polyvinyl alcohol
Resin film is implemented broadening and is processed.
[6] on the basis of the manufacture method described in any one of [1]～[5], in the swelling treatment operation, lead to
Cross along the plural roller selected from guide reel and niproll and be fed from the polyethenol series that blank is rolled out
Resin film, by the polyvinyl alcohol resin film immersion in swelling bath,
Rollers more than described two are configured to, the maximum of the distance between adjacent roller is set to into L, and by adjacent
When the maximum of the time needed for being conveyed between roller is set to T, it is less than 30 seconds that L is below 2m or T.
Invention effect
The method according to the invention, can effectively suppress in the method for manufacturing polarizing coating from thin polyvinyl alcohol resin film
In can produce in the past it is prolonged treatment when film fracture.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the manufacture method of the polarizing coating for schematically showing the present invention and its polarization film manufacturing device for being used
The sectional view of.
Fig. 2 is the sectional view for schematically showing the bent situation of polyvinyl alcohol resin film roll and its roll angle.
Specific embodiment
<The manufacture method of polarizing coating>
In the present invention, polarizing coating is to make dichroism pigment (iodine, dichroic dye) be adsorbed in the poly- second after uniaxial extension
Enol resin film and polarizing coating obtained from orientation.The polyvinyl alcohol resin for constituting polyvinyl alcohol resin film generally passes through
Saponification is carried out to polyvinyl acetate system resin and is obtained.Its saponification degree ordinarily be about 85 moles of more than %, and preferably about 90 rub
You are more than %, more preferably about 99 moles more than %.Polyvinyl acetate system resin for example except be vinyl acetate homopolymerization
Thing be beyond polyvinyl acetate, or vinyl acetate and can be copolymerized therewith the copolymer of other monomers etc..Make
To be capable of the other monomers of copolymerization, for example, can enumerate unsaturated carboxylic acid class, olefines, vinyl ethers, unsaturated sulfonic acid class etc..
The degree of polymerization of polyvinyl alcohol resin ordinarily be about 1000～10000, preferably about 1500～5000 or so.
These polyvinyl alcohol resins can be modified, for example, can also use with the modified polyvinyl alcohol contracting first of aldehydes
Aldehyde, Pioloform, polyvinyl acetal, polyvinyl butyral resin etc..
In the present invention, as polarizing coating manufacture parent material, using thickness be less than 65 μm (such as less than 60 μm),
It is preferred that less than 50 μm, more preferably less than 35 μm, further preferred less than 30 μm of the polyvinyl alcohol resin film (blank not extended
Film).Thereby, it is possible to obtain the polarizing coating as thin film that market demands are increasingly improved.Blank film is more thin, and easier generation is prolonged
Film fracture during process is stretched, according to the present invention, even if also can effectively suppress film to rupture in the case where blank film is thin.In blank
In the case that the thickness of film is than 65 μ m-thicks, cause because folding into (curling) it is prolonged treatment when film most not the becoming of fracture ask
Topic.Blank film can also implement prolonged treatment polyvinyl alcohol resin film in the gas phase in advance.
The width of blank film is not particularly limited, for example, can be 400～6000mm or so, but there is following trend：Film width
Degree easier generation film fracture when more big then prolonged treatment.
In the present invention, the volume (blank volume) for preparing the polyvinyl alcohol resin film not extended of strip is used as blank
Film.
For polarizing coating, can by while the blank film by above-mentioned strip is rolled out from blank along polarization
The film transport path of film manufacturing device continuously conveys the blank film and implements the treatment process for specifying, to be continuously fabricated to strip
Polarizing coating.The treatment process of regulation can be included in the swelling place that blank film immersion is drawn the blank film after swelling bath
Science and engineering sequence；Film immersion after by swelling treatment operation draws the dyeing treatment process of the film after dye bath；And inciting somebody to action
Film immersion after dyeing process draws the crosslinking Treatment operation of the film after crosslinking bath.In addition, in this series of place's science and engineering
During sequence (i.e., in front and back and/or during the treatment process more than any one of the treatment process more than any one), with wet
The mode of formula or dry type implements uniaxial extension process.Other treatment process can also as desired be added.Above-mentioned each process
Operation can also be made film immersion in the process of a bath, or make film impregnated in the process of plural bath successively.
Hereinafter, with reference to Fig. 1 come illustrate in greater detail the present invention polarizing coating manufacture method.Fig. 1 is to schematically show
The sectional view of the manufacture method of the polarizing coating of the present invention and its polarization one of film manufacturing device for being used.Shown in Fig. 1
Polarization film manufacturing device is configured to：While blank (extension) film 10 being made up of polyvinyl alcohol resin is connected from blank volume 11
Roll out continuously while convey the blank film 10 along film transport path, thus pass sequentially through the blank film 10 and be arranged at film conveying
Swelling bath 13, dye bath 15, crosslinking bath 17 and cleaner bath 19 on path, finally makes the blank film 10 pass through drying oven 21.
Resulting polarizing coating 23 for example can directly be transported to next polarization plates manufacturing process (to the single or double of polarizing coating 23
The operation of laminating protecting film).Arrow in Fig. 1 represents the conveying direction of film.
It should be noted that Fig. 1 is shown swelling bath 13, dye bath 15, crosslinking bath 17 and cleaner bath 19 respectively respectively
The example of one groove is set, but it is also possible to as needed by more than any one process bathe (also by it is swelling bath 13, dye bath 15,
It is arranged on film transport path and houses as crosslinking bath 17 and cleaner bath 19 and polyvinyl alcohol resin film is processed
The bath for the treatment of fluid be referred to as " process bath ".) arrange more than two grooves.
The film transport path of polarization film manufacturing device, can also be by appropriate position in addition to configuring above-mentioned process and bathing
Put configuration guide reel 30～41,60,61, niproll 50～55 and build, the guide reel 30～41,60,61 can support quilt
The film of conveying, or and then can change film conveying direction, the niproll 50～55 can press and clamp the film that conveyed,
Driving force produced by being rotated to film applies, or and then can change film conveying direction.Guide reel, niproll can match somebody with somebody
Be placed in it is each process bath before and after, process bath in, thereby, it is possible to by film to process bath import, by film immersion and by film from process
Bath is drawn (with reference to Fig. 1).For example, throughout more than one guide reel is set in reason bath, and along these guide reel transport membranes,
Thus, it is possible to film immersion is processed into bath in each.
Shown in Fig. 1 polarization film manufacturing device throughout manage bath before and after be configured with niproll (niproll 50～54), by
This can be implemented in being configured between the niproll before and after process bath in arbitrarily more than one process bath and arrange all speed differences
And carry out extending between the roller of longitudinal uniaxial extension.Hereinafter, each processing step is illustrated.
(swelling treatment)
Swelling treatment is removed for the foreign body on the surface of blank film 10, the plasticizer in blank film 10 is removed, chromatophil
The purposes such as imparting, the plasticized of blank film 10 and carry out.Treatment conditions can reached in the range of the purpose and will not produce
Determine in the range of a problem that excessive dissolving, devitrification of green billet film 10.
With reference to Fig. 1, swelling treatment can be implemented in the following way, i.e., while blank film 10 is rolled up into 11 continuously from blank
Roll out, while along film transport path conveying blank film 10, blank film 10 impregnated in into swelling bath 13 and (be contained in the place of swelling groove
Reason liquid) stipulated time, then draw blank film 10.In the example in fig 1, playing blank film 10 from blank film 10 is rolled out
During till impregnated in swelling bath 13, along the film transport path conveying base built by guide reel 60,61 and niproll 50
Material film 10.In swelling treatment, conveyed along the film transport path built by guide reel 30～32.
Swelling bath 13 can also be used and added in the range of about 0.01～10 weight % in addition to can be using pure water
It is boric acid (Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication 10-153709 publication), chloride (Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication 06-281816 publication), mineral acid, inorganic
The aqueous solution of salt, water-miscible organic solvent, alcohols etc..
The temperature of swelling bath 13 is, for example, 10～50 DEG C or so, preferably 10～40 DEG C or so, more preferably 15～30 DEG C
Left and right.The dip time of blank film 10 is preferably 10～300 seconds or so, more preferably 20～200 seconds or so.In addition, in blank
In the case that film 10 is for the polyvinyl alcohol resin film after extending in gas in advance, the temperature of swelling bath 13 is, for example, 20～70
DEG C or so, preferably 30～60 DEG C or so.The dip time of blank film 10 is preferably 30～300 seconds or so, more preferably 60～
240 seconds or so.
In the present invention, make blank film 10 impregnated in it is swelling bath 13 when film width both ends at least one party volume
Bent angle is less than 90 °.The width two ends of the blank film 10 are generally produced in blank film 10 after rolling out from blank volume 11
At least one party (more typically width both ends both sides) in portion becomes the state or warpage of warpage (floating) and enters one
Step becomes big and then width two ends become the curlings such as the state of direction turnup to width central part, but by making blank
Roll angle when film 10 impregnated in swelling bath 13 is less than 90 °, film fracture when can suppress prolonged treatment.In order to more effectively
Film fracture, the roll angle of preferred film width both ends both sides is suppressed to be respectively less than 90 °.In addition, for the same reason, film
The roll angle of at least one party in width both ends is preferably less than 80 °, more preferably less than 75 °.More preferably from
Blank volume 11 just roll out after to impregnated in it is swelling bathe 13 during make the roll angle of film width both ends both sides little
In 90 °.
Fig. 2 is the film sectional view for schematically showing the bent situation of polyvinyl alcohol resin film roll and its roll angle.Fig. 2
It is example that film width both ends both sides there occurs curling, (a) of Fig. 2 represents the situation that roll angle is 45 °, Fig. 2's
B () represents the situation that roll angle is 90 °, (c) of Fig. 2 represents the situation that roll angle is 150 °.As shown in Fig. 2 curling angle
Spend the direction that the end that the film part for having crimped is referred to for α ° is in α ° relative to the extrapolated side direction of the face not crimped.Continuously
Roll angle to the width both ends of the blank film 10 of the swelling dipping of bath 13 can pass through described in the project of embodiment
Method determining.
In order that blank film 10 impregnated in it is swelling bath 13 when film width both ends at least one party it is (preferably double
Roll angle just) is less than 90 °, for example, preferably adopt method as following.In following methods, can be only with one
Method, it is also possible to combine plural method.
The environment rolled out in operation is adjusted to appropriate condition by (a), it is described roll out operation be from by blank film 10 from base
Material volume 11 is rolled out and plays the operation that impregnated in blank film 10 till swelling bath 13.Preferred environmental condition is 23 ± 5 DEG C of temperature,
20～70%RH of relative humidity.Preferred relative humidity is 20～65%RH, further preferred relative humidity is 25～
60%RH.By implementing to roll out operation under such circumstances, the moisture absorption of blank film 10 can be suppressed, and then curling can be suppressed
Growth.
(b) (plays the above-mentioned required time for rolling out operation by blank film 10 from blank film 10 is rolled out from blank volume 11
Impregnated in the time till swelling bath 13) suppress short.Shorten the growth that the time is conducive to suppressing to roll out the curling in operation,
It is also advantageous from from the viewpoint of production efficiency.Generally, blank film more Bao Ze is rolled out and crimp in operation easier growth.
In the case of 35 μm～65 μm of blank films 10, above-mentioned required time is preferably less than 750 seconds, more preferably 600 seconds with
Under, more preferably less than 300 seconds.In the case of using the blank film 10 less than 35 μm, above-mentioned required time is preferably
Less than 650 seconds, more preferably less than 300 seconds, more preferably less than 150 seconds.On the other hand, if above-mentioned required time excessively
Short, then rolling out the control of the tension force of the film in operation becomes difficult, and film conveying becomes unstable, therefore above-mentioned required time is usual
For more than 10 seconds, preferably more than 20 seconds.
(c) in operation is rolled out, the blank film 10 to being conveyed implements dried.Herein so-called dried is referred to
Make the moisture evaporation in blank film 10 and reduce the process of the moisture content of blank film 10.Dried is reducing or eliminating curling
Aspect is favourable.In order to reduce, eliminating curling, particularly preferably so that the aridity in the curling face of blank film 10 is (i.e. by being dried
The degree of the reduction of the moisture content for causing) mode less than the face of its opposition side implement dried.Curling face is referred to comprising volume
The face of bent inner side, with reference to Fig. 2, refers to the interarea of the upside in the figure in interior blank face.
As the aridity in the curling face of the making method less than the face of its opposition side, can enumerate from the surface side of the opposition side and apply
Plus hot blast, dry air, infrared heater or the side of blank film 10 is clamped between temperature a pair of rolls different from each other
Method.
(d) in operation is rolled out, the blank film 10 to being conveyed implements broadening process.For the purpose for increasing film width
It is favourable that the broadening for carrying out is processed curling this respect when blank film 10 impregnated in swelling bath 13 is reduced or eliminated.As expansion
Width is processed, and can be enumerated guide reel using the roller with expanding function as spreader roll, propellers, crowned roll or be used selvage guide
Such other broadening devices of device, curved rod, stent folder.Wherein the place of the roller with expanding function is preferably used due to simplicity
Reason.For example as the guide reel 60 and/or guide reel 61 shown in Fig. 1, it is possible to use the roller with expanding function.
(e) in operation is rolled out, the blank film 10 to being conveyed implements the process for being forcibly pressed into crimping portion.Should
Process and also process same with broadening, be favourable curling this respect when blank film 10 impregnated in swelling bath 13 is reduced or eliminated
's.As specific method, can enumerate with device as conveyer carry out film conveying method, by roller, rod (bar) (no
It is the club of the component of such itself rotation of roller) it is pressed against the method for crimping portion, sprays to the crimping portion of blank film 10
Penetrate method of the non-active gas such as air, nitrogen, argon etc..
(f) the example for example shown in Fig. 1 like that in operation is rolled out along by selecting from guide reel and niproll
In the case of the film transport path conveying blank film 10 that plural roller builds, shorten the maximum of the distance between adjacent roller
L, and/or shorten the time T needed for being conveyed between adjacent roller.Shorten L and/or T to be conducive to suppressing to roll out in operation
The growth of curling.
The maximum L of the distance between adjacent roller refers to the maximum value in the distance between adjacent roller.Between adjacent roller
Distance obtained as the distance between adjacent roller center.In the case of for niproll, replace roller center, adopt structure
Into the center of the line of the central link of a pair of rolls of niproll.L is usually more than 0.01m, preferably below 2m, more preferably
0.05～1.5m.
Similarly, the maximum of T of the time needed for being conveyed between adjacent roller refer to carry out between adjacent roller it is defeated
Time needed for sending (in the example in fig 1, is transported to the time T needed for guide reel 61 from guide reel 601And from guide reel
61 are transported to the time T needed for niproll 502) in maximum value.Time conduct needed for being conveyed between adjacent roller
The time till connecting with the roller of the opposing party is played from the roller of the side left in adjacent roller and obtained.T is usually 0.5 second
More than, preferably less than 30 seconds, more preferably 0.1～20 second.
(g) is utilized in the more than one folder configured at the swelling position bathed before dipping in operation is rolled out, generally
Roller is held while remaining fixed by the tension force of blank film 10 while being conveyed, in this case, in blank volume 11 and configuration
It is set to than in the folder in the tension force that will apply on the blank film 10 between the niproll at the position before swelling bath dipping
It is high with after-applied tension force to hold roller.Thereby, it is possible to suppress to roll out the growth of the curling in operation.In blank volume 11 be configured in
The tension force that will apply on the blank film 10 between the niproll at the position before swelling bath dipping is, for example, 5～300N/
Mm, preferably 10～200N/mm.Niproll at blank volume 11 with the position being configured in before will impregnating to swelling bath
Between blank film 10 on the tension force that applies and with the difference of after-applied tension force be, for example, more than 10N/m in the niproll, preferably
For more than 50N/m.The base between niproll at blank volume 11 and the position being configured in before will impregnating to swelling bath
Setting of the tension force and mentioned strain difference on material film 10 in above range for following point consideration and it is preferred that：Not only have
Suppress the end of blank film 10 to produce the effect of curling, and the corrugation of blank film 10 can also be suppressed.
In swelling treatment, blank film 10 is easily produced swelling along width and cause fold this is asked into film
Topic.As a method for being conveyed to film while the fold is removed, following method can be enumerated：Guide reel 30,
31 and/or 32 using spreader roll, propellers, the such roller with expanding function of crowned roll, or using guide, curved rod,
Such other broadening devices of stent folder.It is to implement prolonged treatment for suppressing corrugated other method.For example, it is possible to use folder
Hold all speed differences of roller 50 and niproll 51 and implement uniaxial extension in swelling bath 13 and process.
In swelling treatment, because film is also along the swelling expansion of conveying direction of film, therefore film do not carried out it is positive
In the case of extension, in order to lax on the conveying direction for eliminating film, such as preferably using to being configured at swelling bath before and after 13
The speed of niproll 50,51 method such as be controlled.In addition, for the stabilized purpose of film conveying made in swelling bath 13,
Using the current in the swelling bath 13 of spray control in water or in the lump using EPC devices (Edge Position Control dresses
Put：The end of detection film simultaneously prevents the device wriggled of film) etc. be also useful.
In the example depicted in figure 1, from it is swelling bath 13 draw after film sequentially pass through guide reel 32, niproll 51 and by
Dye bath 15 is imported.
(dyeing process)
Dyeing is processed and is in order at the polyvinyl alcohol resin film that makes dichroism pigment be adsorbed in after swelling treatment and orientation etc.
Purpose and carry out.Treatment conditions can be being reached in the range of the purpose and in excessive dissolving, devitrification for not producing film etc.
Determine in the range of unfavorable condition.With reference to Fig. 1, dyeing is processed can be implemented in the following way, i.e., along by guide reel 33～35
And the film transport path transport membrane that niproll 51 builds, and the film immersion after swelling treatment (is contained in into dye in dye bath 15
The treatment fluid of color groove) stipulated time, then film is drawn.In order to improve the dyeability of dichroism pigment, it is provided at dyeing
The film of science and engineering sequence preferably at least implements the film after a certain degree of uniaxial extension is processed, or preferred replacement dyeing before processing
Uniaxial extension process and dyeing process when carry out uniaxial extension process or except dye before processing uniaxial extension process
Also carry out uniaxial extension process when dyeing is processed in addition.
In the case where iodine is used as dichroism pigment, dye bath 15 for example can be by weight calculated as with concentration
The aqueous solution of iodine/potassium iodide/water=about 0.003～0.3/ about 0.1～10/100.Potassium iodide can also be replaced and zinc iodide is used
Deng other iodide, it is also possible in the lump using potassium iodide and other iodide.Chemical combination beyond alternatively, it is also possible to iodide coexist
Thing, such as boric acid, zinc chloride, cobaltous chloride etc..In the case of addition boric acid, comprising on iodine this aspect with crosslinking Treatment described later
Difference, if aqueous solution can be regarded as dye to contain the aqueous solution more than weight portion of iodine about 0.003 relative to the weight portion of water 100
Color bath 15.The temperature of the dye bath 15 when impregnating to film is usually 10～45 DEG C or so, preferably 10～40 DEG C, more preferably
For 20～35 DEG C, the dip time of film is usually 30～600 seconds or so, preferably 60～300 seconds.
In the case where water solublity dichroic dye is used as dichroism pigment, dye bath 15 for example can be with concentration
The aqueous solution of dichroic dye/water=about 0.001～0.1/100 is calculated as by weight.Dye can also coexists in the dye bath 15
Color auxiliary agent etc., such as containing the inorganic salts such as sodium sulfate, interfacial agent etc..Dichroic dye can be used alone only a kind of two color
Property dyestuff, it is also possible in the lump using two or more dichroic dyes.The temperature of the dye bath 15 when impregnating to film is for example
For 20～80 DEG C or so, preferably 30～70 DEG C, the dip time of film is usually 30～600 seconds or so, preferably 60～300 seconds
Left and right.
As mentioned above in dyeing treatment process, the uniaxial extension of film can be carried out in dye bath 15.The uniaxial extension of film
Can be carried out using the methods such as all speed differences are arranged between the niproll 51 and niproll 52 being configured at before and after dye bath 15.
It is also in dyeing is processed, in order to convey polyvinyl alcohol while the fold of membrane removal is removed in the same manner as swelling treatment
Resin film, guide reel 33,34 and/or guide reel 35 can be such with broadening work(using spreader roll, propellers, crowned roll
The roller of energy, or using guide, curved rod, the such other broadening devices of stent folder.For suppress corrugated other method with
Swelling treatment is again it is implement prolonged treatment.
In the example depicted in figure 1, the film drawn from dye bath 15 sequentially passes through guide reel 35, niproll 52 and is imported into
Crosslinking bath 17.
(crosslinking Treatment)
Crosslinking Treatment is in order to be brought the purposes such as resistance to aquation, hue adjustment (preventing film from turning blue) and is carried out using crosslinking
Process.With reference to Fig. 1, crosslinking Treatment can be implemented in the following way, i.e., along being built by guide reel 36～38 and niproll 52
Film transport path transport membrane, and rule in crosslinking bath 17 treatment fluid of groove (are contained in crosslinking) of the film immersion after dyeing is processed
Fix time, then draw film.
Crosslinking bath 17 can be containing the aqueous solution of boric acid e.g., from about 1～10 weight portion relative to the weight portion of water 100.Hand over
In the case that dichroism pigment of the connection bath 17 used in dyeing is processed is iodine, iodate is also contained preferably in addition to boric acid
Thing, the amount of the iodide can be set to be such as 1～30 weight portion relative to the weight portion of water 100.As iodide, can enumerate
Potassium iodide, zinc iodide etc..Compound beyond alternatively, it is also possible to iodide coexist, such as zinc chloride, cobaltous chloride, zirconium chloride, sulfur
Sodium thiosulfate, potassium sulfite, sodium sulfate etc..
In crosslinking Treatment, concentration and the crosslinking bath of boric acid and iodide can be suitably changed according to its purpose
17 temperature.For example, the purpose of crosslinking Treatment is the resistance to aquation brought using crosslinking, real successively to polyvinyl alcohol resin film
In the case of applying swelling treatment, dyeing process and crosslinking Treatment, be crosslinked the cross-linking agent bathed containing liquid can be following aqueous solution：
The concentration of the aqueous solution is calculated as by weight boric acid/iodide/water=3～10/1～20/100.As needed, it is also possible to replace
Boric acid and use the others cross-linking agent such as Biformyl or glutaraldehyde, it is also possible in the lump using boric acid and other cross-linking agent.Impregnated membranes
When crosslinking bath temperature be usually 50～70 DEG C or so, preferably 53～65 DEG C, the dip time of film is usually 10～600 seconds
Left and right, preferably 20～300 seconds, more preferably 20～200 seconds.In addition, the polyvinyl alcohol extended in advance before to swelling treatment
In the case that resin film implements successively dyeing process and crosslinking Treatment, the temperature of crosslinking bath 17 is usually 50～85 DEG C of left sides
The right side, preferably 55～80 DEG C.
In the crosslinking Treatment for the purpose of hue adjustment, such as in the case where iodine is used as dichroism pigment, can
Liquid is contained with the cross-linking agent that concentration is calculated as by weight boric acid/iodide/water=1～5/3～30/100.During impregnated membranes
The temperature of crosslinking bath is usually 10～45 DEG C or so, and the dip time of film is usually 1～300 second or so, preferably 2～100 seconds.
Crosslinking Treatment can also be carried out repeatedly, generally be carried out 2～5 times.In this case, the group of each crosslinking bath for being used
As long as into and temperature in above-mentioned scope, then can be with identical, it is also possible to different.For bringing resistance to aquation by crosslinking
Crosslinking Treatment and the crosslinking Treatment for hue adjustment can also be carried out respectively in multiple operations.
Uniaxial extension can also be implemented in crosslinking bath 17 using all speed differences of niproll 52 and niproll 53 to process.
It is also in crosslinking Treatment, in order to convey polyvinyl alcohol while the fold of film is implemented in the same manner as swelling treatment
Resin film, guide reel 36,37 and/or guide reel 38 can be such with broadening work(using spreader roll, propellers, crowned roll
The roller of energy, or using guide, curved rod, the such other broadening devices of stent folder.For suppressing corrugated other method
With swelling treatment again it is implementing prolonged treatment.
In the example depicted in figure 1, the film drawn from crosslinking bath 17 sequentially passes through guide reel 38, niproll 53 and is imported into
Cleaner bath 19.
(cleaning treatment)
The manufacture method of the present invention can include the cleaning treatment operation after crosslinking Treatment operation.Cleaning treatment is for removing
The purposes of medicament such as unnecessary boric acid, the iodine being attached on polyvinyl alcohol resin film and carry out.Cleaning treatment for example can pass through
Following manner is carried out, and polyvinyl alcohol resin film immersion that will be after crosslinking Treatment is in cleaner bath 19 (water) or to the film shower water
Mist, or said method is used in the lump.
Fig. 1 shows a case that for polyvinyl alcohol resin film immersion in cleaner bath 19 and to carry out the example of cleaning treatment.
The temperature of the cleaner bath 19 in cleaning treatment is usually 2～40 DEG C or so, and the dip time of film is usually 2～120 seconds or so.
It should be noted that being also to convey polyvinyl alcohol resin for while fold is removed in cleaning treatment
The purpose of film, guide reel 39,40 and/or guide reel 41 can be such with broadening work(using spreader roll, propellers, crowned roll
The roller of energy, or using guide, curved rod, the such other broadening devices of stent folder.Alternatively, it is also possible in cleaning treatment
Implement prolonged treatment to suppress corrugation.
(prolonged treatment)
As described above, (that is, the treatment process more than any one during a series of above-mentioned treatment process of blank film 10
Before and after and/or the treatment process more than any one in), implemented in the way of wet type or dry type uniaxial extension process.It is single
The prolonged treatment concrete grammar of axle for example can be (for example, to be configured at process bath in two niprolls for constituting film transport path
Before and after two niprolls) between all speed differences are set and are carried out extending between the roller of longitudinal uniaxial extension, are such as speciallyyed permit No. 2731813
Hot-rolling as publication record extends, tentering extends etc., extends preferably between roller.Uniaxial extension treatment process can be from base
Material film 10 obtain polarizing coating 23 till during implement multiple.As described above, the prolonged treatment corrugation for being also beneficial to suppress film.
4.5～7 times or so are usually as benchmark, polarizing coating 23 final accumulation extension ratio using blank film 10,
Preferably 5～6.5 times.
Prolonged treatment operation can be carried out in arbitrary treatment process, even if carrying out in plural treatment process
It is prolonged treatment to carry out in arbitrary treatment process in the case of prolonged treatment.According to the present invention, even if at swelling place
In the case that the arbitrary stage after science and engineering sequence (including swelling treatment operation) carries out uniaxial extension process, it is also possible to effectively suppression
Film fracture when making prolonged treatment.
(dried)
It is preferred that entering to exercise the process of polyvinyl alcohol resin film drying after cleaning treatment.The drying of film is not especially limited
System, it is also possible to which example as shown in Figure 1 is carried out like that using drying oven 21.Baking temperature is, for example, 30～100 DEG C or so, is done
The dry time is, for example, 30～600 seconds or so.E.g., about 5～30 μm left sides of the thickness of the polarizing coating 23 obtained in the way of as above
It is right.
(other treatment process)
The process that can also be added beyond above-mentioned process.The example of the process that can be added is included in after crosslinking Treatment
The impregnation process (opponent prooessing) to the iodide aqueous impregnation for not containing boric acid that carries out, contain to boric acid is not contained
The impregnation process (zinc process) of the aqueous impregnation of zinc chloride etc..
<Polarization plates>
Can be obtained partially via bonding agent laminating protecting film by least one side of the polarizing coating manufactured like that more than
Vibration plate.As protecting film, for example, can enumerate the acetyl fibre prime system resin structure by as triacetyl cellulose, diacetyl cellulose
Into film；It is such by polyethylene terephthalate, PEN and polybutylene terephthalate (PBT)
Polyester based resin constitute film；Polycarbonate-based resin film；Cyclic olefine resin film；(methyl) acrylic resin film；By
The film that the chain olefin system resin of polypropylene-based resin is constituted.
In this manual, " (methyl) acrylic acid " refers at least selected from acrylic acid and methacrylic acid
Side.
In order to improve the cementability of polarizing coating and protecting film, it is also possible to which the binding face of polarizing coating and/or protecting film is implemented
Sided corona treatment, flame treatment, corona treatment, ultraviolet irradiation, primary coat process, saponification process etc. are surface-treated.As inclined
Vibrating diaphragm and the used bonding agent of fitting of protecting film, can enumerate active energy line curing as ultra-violet solidified bonding agent
Property bonding agent, the aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol resin or aqueous solution, the carbamate system emulsion of allocating cross-linking agent into it
Water system bonding agent as bonding agent.Ultraviolet hardening bonding agent can be (methyl) acrylic compounds and optical free radical
Mixture of mixture, epoxide and light cationic polymerization initiator of polymerization initiator etc..Alternatively, it is also possible to make in the lump
With the epoxide and free-radical polymerised (methyl) acrylic compounds of cationically polymerizable, as initiator in the lump
Using light cationic polymerization initiator and optical free radical polymerization initiator.
Embodiment
Hereinafter, embodiment is shown and the present invention is further illustrated, the present invention is not limited by these examples.Need explanation
It is that in the following examples, continuously the roll angle to the width both ends of the blank film 10 of the swelling dipping of bath 13 is led to
Cross following method to determine.
(measure of roll angle)
The side of the initial guide reel in from the roller passed through before film will impregnated in swelling bath 13 along swelling bath 13
To visual film, the labelling of the angle arranged according to the position before film will impregnate is come by the ground measure film end front end per 15 °
Shown angular regions (for example, such as angular regions be 0 ° less than 15 ° when determine angle and be 0 °, be in angular regions
15 ° less than when 30 ° determine angle be 15 ° so, determine angle for angular regions minima.It is same below.).Separately
Outward, it is also equipped with angle mark to the position immediately front that impregnated in the roller passed through before swelling bath 13 after film is just rolled out
Note, is similarly crimped the measure of angle.
<Embodiment 1>
(below, first crosslinking bath is referred to as into 17a, second crosslinking bath is referred to as except bathing 17 using two crosslinkings
17b.) beyond, other parts manufacture polarizing coating using the device same with the polarization film manufacturing device shown in Fig. 1.Guide reel
30～41 all use straight roll.
(1) swelling treatment operation
While continuously rolling out the polyvinyl alcohol film (trade name of (Co., Ltd.) CREI of 60 μm of thickness from blank volume 11
" CREI PVA film VF-PE#6000 ", the degree of polymerization 2400,99.9 moles of more than % of saponification degree) while conveying the polyvinyl alcohol
Film, and in 30 DEG C of the swelling bath 13 of pure water is added tensioning state is being kept so as to impregnate 100 seconds under the unflagging state of film.
From by polyvinyl alcohol film from blank volume 11 roll out play polyvinyl alcohol film impregnated in it is swelling bath 13 till time (roll out operation
Time) be 60 seconds, roll out operation environment be 23 DEG C of temperature, relative humidity 60%RH.In addition, from by polyvinyl alcohol film from
Blank volume 11 roll out play by polyvinyl alcohol film impregnated in it is swelling bath 13 till during, the curling angle at film width both ends
Spend for less than 30 °.
(2) dyeing treatment process
Then, the film after niproll 51 is made in the dye of 30 DEG C that iodine/potassium iodide/water (weight ratio) is 0.05/2/100
Impregnate 120 seconds in color bath 15.In the dyeing is processed, all speed differences are set between niproll 51,52 and carry out extending (vertical between roller
To uniaxial extension).
(3) crosslinking Treatment operation
Then, in order to implement, with water-fast the first crosslinking Treatment for turning to purpose, to make the film after niproll 52 in iodate
Potassium/boric acid/water (weight ratio) is that dipping 30 seconds in 17a are bathed in the first crosslinking of 56 DEG C of 12/4.4/100.At first crosslinking
In reason, all speed differences are also set between niproll and carry out extending (longitudinal uniaxial extension) between roller, until with blank film 10 as base
Till accurate accumulation extension ratio becomes 5.5 times.Next, making the film after the first crosslinking Treatment in potassium iodide/boric acid/water (weight
Amount ratio) it is to impregnate 15 seconds (the second crosslinking Treatment) in 40 DEG C of 9/2.9/100 of the second crosslinking bath 17b.
Then, by the film immersion after the second crosslinking Treatment in the cleaner bath 19 of the pure water for adding 6 DEG C, then pass through film dry
Dry stove 21 and 3 minutes are dried at 70 DEG C making polarizing coating 23.
After implementing within continuous 24 hours the polarizing coating manufacture of the above, do not have in arbitrary treatment process in the course of work of 24 hours
There is generation film fracture.In addition, not confirming the invagination at film width both ends yet.
<Embodiment 2>
The environment for making to roll out operation is 23 DEG C of temperature, relative humidity 40%RH, in addition similarly to Example 1, continuously
Implement within 24 hours polarizing coating manufacture.From by polyvinyl alcohol film from blank volume 11 roll out play polyvinyl alcohol film impregnated in it is swelling
During till bath 13, the roll angle at film width both ends is less than 15 °.It is in office in the course of work of 24 hours
There is no film fracture in one treatment process, do not confirm the invagination at film width both ends yet.
<Embodiment 3>
Using 30 μm of polyvinyl alcohol film (trade name " the CREI PVA film VF- of (Co., Ltd.) CREI of thickness
PE#3000 ", the degree of polymerization 2400,99.9 moles of more than % of saponification degree) used as blank film, in addition embodiment 1 is same, continuously
Implement within 24 hours polarizing coating manufacture.From by polyvinyl alcohol film from blank volume 11 roll out play polyvinyl alcohol film impregnated in it is swelling
During till bath 13, the roll angle at film width both ends is less than 60 °.It is in office in the course of work of 24 hours
There is no film fracture in one treatment process, do not confirm the invagination at film width both ends yet.
<Embodiment 4>
The time for making to roll out operation is 480 seconds, in addition similarly to Example 3, implements polarizing coating system within continuous 24 hours
Make.From by polyvinyl alcohol film from blank volume 11 roll out play polyvinyl alcohol film impregnated in it is swelling bath 13 till during, film
The roll angle at width both ends is less than 75 °.In the course of work of 24 hours, do not send out in arbitrary treatment process
Filming ruptures, and does not also confirm the invagination at film width both ends.
<Embodiment 5>
The time for making to roll out operation is 600 seconds, in addition similarly to Example 1, implements polarizing coating system within continuous 24 hours
Make.From by polyvinyl alcohol film from blank volume 11 roll out play polyvinyl alcohol film impregnated in it is swelling bath 13 till during, film
The roll angle at width both ends is less than 60 °.In the course of work of 24 hours, do not send out in arbitrary treatment process
Filming ruptures, and does not also confirm the invagination at film width both ends.
<Embodiment 6>
The time for making to roll out operation is 720 seconds, in addition similarly to Example 1, implements polarizing coating system within continuous 24 hours
Make.From by polyvinyl alcohol film from blank volume 11 roll out play polyvinyl alcohol film impregnated in it is swelling bath 13 till during, film
The roll angle at width both ends is less than 75 °.In the course of work of 24 hours, do not send out in arbitrary treatment process
Filming ruptures, and does not also confirm the invagination at film width both ends.
<Embodiment 7>
The time for making to roll out operation is 600 seconds, in addition similarly to Example 3, implements polarizing coating system within continuous 24 hours
Make.From by polyvinyl alcohol film from blank volume 11 roll out play polyvinyl alcohol film impregnated in it is swelling bath 13 till during, film
The roll angle at width both ends is less than 75 °.In the course of work of 24 hours, do not send out in arbitrary treatment process
Filming ruptures, and does not also confirm the invagination at film width both ends.
<Comparative example 1>
The time for making to roll out operation is 720 seconds, carries out the manufacture of polarizing coating similarly to Example 3 in addition.Poly- second
The roll angle at film width both ends of enol film immersion when swelling bath 13 is 105 °.Extended spot in crosslinking Treatment
There is the fracture of film during reason, it is impossible to obtain polarizing coating.
<Embodiment 8>
From by polyvinyl alcohol film from blank volume 11 roll out play polyvinyl alcohol film impregnated in it is swelling bath 13 till phase
Between, 30 DEG C of warm air 30 seconds is blowed from the surface side of the opposition side in the curling face of polyvinyl alcohol film, it is in addition same with comparative example 1
Implement within continuous 24 hours polarizing coating manufacture in ground.From rolling out and play polyvinyl alcohol film immersion polyvinyl alcohol film from blank volume 11
During till swelling bath 13, the roll angle at film width both ends is less than 75 °.In the course of work of 24 hours
In, there is no film fracture in arbitrary treatment process, do not confirm the invagination at film width both ends yet.
<Embodiment 9>
In the position immediately front of the niproll 50 for rolling out operation, it is provided with for by the gold at press mold width both ends
The rod of category system, the broadening for carrying out the width both ends of polyvinyl alcohol film is processed, continuous in the same manner as comparative example 1 in addition
Implement within 24 hours polarizing coating manufacture.From by polyvinyl alcohol film from blank volume 11 roll out play polyvinyl alcohol film impregnated in it is swelling
During till bath 13, the roll angle at film width both ends is less than 60 °.It is in office in the course of work of 24 hours
There is no film fracture in one treatment process, do not confirm the invagination at film width both ends yet.
<Embodiment 10>
The time for making to roll out operation is 300 seconds, implements polarizing coating system within continuous 24 hours similarly to Example 3 in addition
Make.From by polyvinyl alcohol film from blank volume 11 roll out play polyvinyl alcohol film impregnated in it is swelling bath 13 till during, film
The roll angle at width both ends is less than 45 °.In the course of work of 24 hours, do not send out in arbitrary treatment process
Filming ruptures, and does not also confirm the invagination at film width both ends.
<Embodiment 11>
The time for making to roll out operation is 150 seconds, implements polarizing coating system within continuous 24 hours similarly to Example 3 in addition
Make.From by polyvinyl alcohol film from blank volume 11 roll out play polyvinyl alcohol film impregnated in it is swelling bath 13 till during, film
The roll angle at width both ends is less than 45 °.In the course of work of 24 hours, do not send out in arbitrary treatment process
Filming ruptures, and does not also confirm the invagination at film width both ends.
Description of reference numerals
The 10 blank films being made up of polyvinyl alcohol resin, 11 blanks volume, 13 swelling baths, 15 dye baths, 17 crosslinking bath, 19
Cleaner bath, 21 drying ovens, 23 polarizing coatings, 30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,60,61 guide reels, 50,
51st, 52,53,54,55 niproll.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of manufacture method of polarizing coating, it includes successively：
Swelling treatment operation, in the swelling treatment operation, in the polyvinyl alcohol resin of the strip for by thickness being less than 65 μm
Film conveys the polyvinyl alcohol resin film while rolling out from blank, thus by the polyvinyl alcohol resin film immersion in
The polyvinyl alcohol resin film is drawn after swelling bath；And
Dyeing treatment process, in the dyeing treatment process, the film immersion after drawing from swelling bath is being drawn after dye bath
Go out the film,
The curling angle of at least one party in film width both ends of polyvinyl alcohol resin film immersion when swelling bath
Degree is less than 90 °.
2. manufacture method according to claim 1, wherein,
Play the polyvinyl alcohol resin film immersion in swelling from the polyvinyl alcohol resin film is rolled out from blank
Time till bath is less than 750 seconds.
3. manufacture method according to claim 1 and 2, wherein,
Playing the polyvinyl alcohol resin film immersion in molten from the polyvinyl alcohol resin film is rolled out from blank
During till swollen bath, dried is implemented to the polyvinyl alcohol resin film.
4. manufacture method according to claim 3, wherein,
So that aridity of the aridity in the curling face in the polyvinyl alcohol resin film than the face of the opposition side in the curling face
Little mode, implements the dried.
5. manufacture method according to any one of claim 1 to 4, wherein,
Playing the polyvinyl alcohol resin film immersion in molten from the polyvinyl alcohol resin film is rolled out from blank
During till swollen bath, broadening is implemented to the polyvinyl alcohol resin film and is processed.
6. manufacture method according to any one of claim 1 to 5, wherein,
In the swelling treatment operation, by being fed from along the plural roller selected from guide reel and niproll
The polyvinyl alcohol resin film that blank is rolled out, by the polyvinyl alcohol resin film immersion in swelling bath,
Rollers more than described two are configured to, the maximum of the distance between adjacent roller is set to into L, and by between adjacent roller
When the maximum of the time needed for being conveyed is set to T, it is less than 30 seconds that L is below 2m or T.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| JP2014-158497 | 2014-08-04 | ||
| JP2014158497 | 2014-08-04 | ||
| PCT/JP2015/071223 WO2016021432A1 (en) | 2014-08-04 | 2015-07-27 | Production method for polarizing film |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN106575008A true CN106575008A (en) | 2017-04-19 |
| CN106575008B CN106575008B (en) | 2019-12-24 |
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| JP (3) | JP6294491B2 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR101990222B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN106575008B (en) |
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| CN109552923A (en) * | 2017-09-26 | 2019-04-02 | 住友化学株式会社 | The delivery method and conveying device of film and the manufacturing method and manufacturing device of process film |
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| TWI640555B (en) * | 2017-08-16 | 2018-11-11 | 住友化學股份有限公司 | Method and system for manufacturing a polarizer film |
| JP7061712B2 (en) * | 2020-07-22 | 2022-04-28 | 住友化学株式会社 | Method for manufacturing polarizing film and polyvinyl alcohol-based film |
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| JP2001315140A (en) * | 2000-05-09 | 2001-11-13 | Kuraray Co Ltd | Polyvinyl alcohol polymer film, method for manufacturing the same, and polarizing film |
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- 2015-07-27 JP JP2016540157A patent/JP6294491B2/en active Active
- 2015-07-27 KR KR1020177003283A patent/KR101990222B1/en active IP Right Grant
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| JP2001315140A (en) * | 2000-05-09 | 2001-11-13 | Kuraray Co Ltd | Polyvinyl alcohol polymer film, method for manufacturing the same, and polarizing film |
| JP2004020635A (en) * | 2002-06-12 | 2004-01-22 | Kuraray Co Ltd | Manufacturing method of polyvinyl alcohol film for optical use |
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| JPWO2016021432A1 (en) | 2017-06-01 |
| KR101990222B1 (en) | 2019-06-17 |
| JP2018063443A (en) | 2018-04-19 |
| TW201613990A (en) | 2016-04-16 |
| KR20170040241A (en) | 2017-04-12 |
| TWI654225B (en) | 2019-03-21 |
| WO2016021432A1 (en) | 2016-02-11 |
| JP2017211657A (en) | 2017-11-30 |
| CN106575008B (en) | 2019-12-24 |
| JP6294491B2 (en) | 2018-03-14 |
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