CN106570209B - Alternating current resistor voltage divider correction method for establishing error model based on equivalence principle - Google Patents

Alternating current resistor voltage divider correction method for establishing error model based on equivalence principle Download PDF

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CN106570209B
CN106570209B CN201610884493.9A CN201610884493A CN106570209B CN 106570209 B CN106570209 B CN 106570209B CN 201610884493 A CN201610884493 A CN 201610884493A CN 106570209 B CN106570209 B CN 106570209B
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voltage divider
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frequency
divider
resistance
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CN106570209A (en
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邹至刚
李波
王磊
刘清蝉
黄洪涛
贺艳平
曹敏
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Guangzhou Geny Electric Co ltd
National Institute of Metrology
Electric Power Research Institute of Yunnan Power Grid Co Ltd
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National Institute of Metrology
Electric Power Research Institute of Yunnan Power Grid Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention discloses an alternating current resistor voltage divider correction method for establishing an error model based on an equivalence principle, which comprises the following steps: establishing a frequency error equivalent model of the alternating current resistor voltage divider, respectively and briefly expressing the error of the voltage divider as a formula 6 and a formula 7, and calculating according to the formula 6 and the formula 7 to obtain KfAnd KtAnd completing the calibration of the alternating current resistor voltage divider in the full frequency range. The invention accurately provides a frequency error model of the precision alternating current resistance voltage divider, controls capacitive errors caused by various reasons in the design of the precision alternating current resistance voltage divider, realizes the correction of the continuous frequency spectrum ratio difference angle difference of 50Hz-100kHz by adopting a one-point correction method, researches the direction and the magnitude of the shielding potential compensation capacitive errors, provides the independence of the important characteristic p factor of the voltage divider with the frequency and the equivalent capacitance value, and solves the phase correction problem of harmonic power measurement.

Description

Alternating current resistor voltage divider correction method for establishing error model based on equivalence principle
Technical Field
The invention relates to an alternating current resistor voltage divider correction method for establishing an error model based on an equivalence principle.
Background
The alternating current resistance voltage divider is widely applied to various levels of voltage measurement, because the frequency characteristic of the resistance voltage division ratio has the advantage of easy realization compared with an electromagnetic mutual inductor, a precise alternating current resistance voltage divider is generally adopted under the condition of audio frequency or power harmonic measurement to divide higher voltage into low voltage for measurement, and the precise resistance voltage divider requires strict control of phase shift due to the increasing demand of harmonic power measurement. The precise harmonic measurement frequency range covers the power frequency to 60 harmonic, namely 3kHz, the audio power measurement is as high as 100kHz, and how to reduce the capacitive leakage influence on the ground and the shielding caused by resistance connection and resistance and how to establish the harmonic measurement theory and the tracing correction method become the urgent tasks of electrical measurement workers. The following methods can be generally used to improve the accuracy of the resistive divider:
(1) a voltage divider structure based on an equipotential shielding technology, a broadband resistance voltage divider for power frequency harmonic power measurement, is disclosed in the document [1], the project adopts a main and auxiliary voltage divider branch to realize equipotential shielding, and the leakage of a circuit board caused by resistance connection and the leakage of distributed capacitance around the resistance are solved. A tracing test method is given: the resistor alternating voltage proportion is traced from the direct voltage proportion, the phase error is traced from the dual-channel digital voltmeter, a step-up method, namely a method from low voltage to high voltage, is adopted, and the project is used in the national power frequency harmonic standard. There are problems: the phase error of the voltage divider is increased along with the increase of the frequency, so that the measurement of the harmonic power is troublesome; it is clearly difficult to correct errors point-by-point under various complex harmonic conditions with reference standards.
(2) Document [2] evaluation of voltage coefficients of high voltage ac-dc converters by reference to inductive voltage dividers: the project adopts double-stage and single-stage equipotential inductive voltage dividers as reference standards to cover high-voltage measurement in a frequency range from power frequency to 100kHz measurement, and achieves AC tracing from DC by connecting extension resistors with thermocouples in series, and provides a fixed shielding and mobile shielding compensation method. There are problems: the phase of the measured voltage cannot be measured due to the intervention of the thermocouple; moving the shield to compensate for leakage is not modeled.
In view of the above similar problems, the present invention proposes: an equivalent model of the alternating current resistance voltage divider and a rule that an error changes along with frequency; the frequency invariance nature of the structural parameters of the alternating-current resistance voltage divider is disclosed; the optimal compensation method for adjusting the shielding potential is innovatively provided; an accurate representation of the harmonic digital compensation is given.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: a correction method of an alternating current resistor voltage divider based on an equivalence principle to establish an error model is provided.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for correcting an alternating current resistor voltage divider based on an equivalence principle to establish an error model comprises the following steps:
establishing a frequency error equivalent model of the alternating current resistor voltage divider:
T＝C×(R12+R21)…………………(1)
Figure BDA0001127731070000021
ω＝2πf…………………(3)
wherein:
t is a time constant;
k is the voltage division ratio of the resistance voltage divider;
omega is angular frequency (rad), f is divider input signal frequency (Hz);
the actual voltage division ratio under the condition of alternating current is considered and is expressed by a voltage division ratio expression of a resistor voltage divider simplified by delta-Y:
Figure BDA0001127731070000022
by strict mathematical formula derivation, there is an implicit important judgment factor p in the K (ω) expression:
p＝R21×R11-R22×R12…………(5)
and further substituting parameters such as resistance, equivalent capacitance and the like of the voltage divider for simulation calculation:
when p is 0, the proportional error and the angular difference of the voltage divider are zero no matter how the frequency and the equivalent capacitance change;
when p is<At 0, the proportional error of the voltage divider is positive and the absolute value is ω with increasing frequency2The relationship becomes large; the angular difference is negative and the absolute value becomes larger along with the rise of the frequency in an omega relation;
when p is>At 0, the proportional error of the voltage divider is negative and the absolute value of the voltage divider is omega with increasing frequency2The relationship becomes large; the angular difference is positive and the absolute value becomes larger along with the rise of the frequency in an omega relation;
derivation of a formula:
let a be T2×R22，b＝T×R21，c＝T2×(R11+R22)，d＝T×(R21+R22) And then:
Figure BDA0001127731070000031
because the imaginary value in the above equation is small, the contrast difference calculation is negligible,
voltage divider ratio difference fcThe formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0001127731070000032
ignoring the high-order term error and substituting a, b, c and d into the final result, and simplifying to obtain:
Figure BDA0001127731070000033
then
Figure BDA0001127731070000034
Angular difference delta of voltage dividercThe formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0001127731070000035
ignoring the high-order term error and substituting a, b, c and d into the final result, and simplifying to obtain:
Figure BDA0001127731070000036
then
Figure BDA0001127731070000037
Thus, the error of the voltage divider can be expressed briefly as:
divider ratio difference:
fc＝ω2×Kf…………(6)
angular difference of voltage divider:
δc＝ω×Kt…………(7)
in the formula:
Kfdimension is square second(s)2)，
Figure BDA0001127731070000041
KtThe dimension is the second(s),
Figure BDA0001127731070000042
Kfthe magnitude is about 1 × 10-15The calculation matching degree of the simple formula (6), the formula (7) and the precise formula (4) in the range of 50Hz-3kHz is about 1 multiplied by 10-20；
KtThe magnitude is about 1 × 10-7The constant is a constant which does not change along with the frequency and is determined by resistance parameters, shielding structure parameters, air medium and the like, and the calculation internal matching degree of the simple formula (6), the formula (7) and the precise formula (4) in the range of 50Hz-3kHz is about 1 multiplied by 10-14；
Thus, the divider error function can be simplified as:
Figure BDA0001127731070000043
fi＝ωi 2×Kf… … … … … … … … … … … (formula 8-1)
δi＝jωi×Kt… … … … … … … … … … … (formula 8-2)
The first term in equation 8 is the divider ratio difference (equation 8-1), and the second term is the divider angle difference (equation 8-2), fiAnd deltaiRepresents the ratio difference and angular difference, omega, of any frequency point in the rangeiIndicating frequency point, Kf、KtThe constant can be obtained by measuring the specific difference and the angular difference at any frequency point under the reference standard and simply calculating according to the formula 6 and the formula 7fAnd KtAnd completing the calibration of the voltage divider in the full frequency range.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
first, the present invention accurately provides a frequency error model for a precision ac resistor divider.
Second, capacitive errors due to various causes are controlled in the design of precision ac resistor dividers.
Thirdly, a one-point correction method is adopted to realize continuous spectrum ratio difference angle difference correction of 50Hz-100 kHz.
Fourth, the direction and magnitude of the shield potential to compensate for capacitive errors was investigated.
Fifth, it is proposed that the important characteristic p-factor of the voltage divider is independent of the frequency and the equivalent capacitance value.
And sixthly, the phase correction problem of harmonic power measurement is solved.
Drawings
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the following figures and specific examples:
FIG. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of an equivalent frequency error model of a precision AC resistor divider of the present invention;
in fig. 1: PBK is a metal shielding shell, and R is an auxiliary divider resistor;
r1 — divider resistance 1;
r2 — divider resistance 2;
c-equivalent leakage capacitance;
r11-equivalent upper resistance of voltage dividing resistor 1;
r12-equivalent lower resistance of voltage-dividing resistor 1;
r21-equivalent upper resistance of divider resistance 2;
r22-equivalent lower resistance of voltage dividing resistor 2;
FIG. 2 is a graph of amplitude-frequency characteristics of 50Hz-3000Hz with optimum parameter matching selected at 120V/0.8V;
FIG. 3 is a graph of phase-frequency characteristics of 50Hz-3000Hz with optimum parameter matching selected at 120V/0.8V.
Detailed Description
1. Frequency error equivalent model of precision alternating current resistance voltage divider
As shown in fig. 1, a frequency error equivalent model of the precision ac resistor divider is established:
here, the electrical structures such as the auxiliary voltage divider branch and the equipotential shield are simplified, and R is simultaneously adjusted1、R2Considered as a single ideal (i.e. having a nominal value of resistance, non-inductive) and can be divided intoTwo arbitrary parts are required for analysis, usually R1The resistance is hundreds of k omega, the equivalent leakage capacitance is tens of pF, and the above parameters are used as basic reference for the following qualitative analysis.
T＝C×(R12+R21)…………………(1)
Figure BDA0001127731070000051
ω＝2πf…………………(3)
Wherein:
t is a time constant;
k is the voltage division ratio of the resistance voltage divider;
omega is angular frequency (rad), f is divider input signal frequency (Hz);
the actual voltage division ratio under the condition of alternating current is considered and is expressed by a voltage division ratio expression of a resistor voltage divider simplified by delta-Y:
Figure BDA0001127731070000061
by strict mathematical formula derivation, there is an implicit important judgment factor p in the K (ω) expression:
p＝R21×R11-R22×R12…………(5)
and further substituting parameters such as resistance, equivalent capacitance and the like of the voltage divider for simulation calculation:
when p is 0, the proportional error and angular difference of the voltage divider are zero regardless of the change of frequency and equivalent capacitance.
When p is<At 0, the proportional error of the voltage divider is positive and the absolute value is ω with increasing frequency2The relationship becomes large. The angular difference is negative and the absolute value becomes larger with increasing frequency.
When p is>At 0, the proportional error of the voltage divider is negative and the absolute value of the voltage divider is omega with increasing frequency2The relationship becomes large. The angular difference is positive and the absolute value becomes larger with increasing frequency.
Derivation of a formula:
let a be T2×R22，b＝T×R21，c＝T2×(R11+R22)，d＝T×(R21+R22) And then:
Figure BDA0001127731070000062
because the imaginary value in the above equation is small, the contrast difference calculation is negligible,
voltage divider ratio difference fcThe formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0001127731070000063
ignoring the high-order term error and substituting a, b, c and d into the final result, and simplifying to obtain:
Figure BDA0001127731070000064
then
Figure BDA0001127731070000071
Angular difference delta of voltage dividercThe formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0001127731070000072
ignoring the high-order term error and substituting a, b, c and d into the final result, and simplifying to obtain:
Figure BDA0001127731070000073
then
Figure BDA0001127731070000074
Thus, the error of the voltage divider can be expressed briefly as:
divider ratio difference:
fc＝ω2×Kf…………(6)
angular difference of voltage divider:
δc＝ω×Kt…………(7)
in the formula:
Kfdimension is square second(s)2)，
Figure BDA0001127731070000075
KtThe dimension is the second(s),
Figure BDA0001127731070000076
Kfthe magnitude is about 1 × 10-15The calculation matching degree of the simple formula (6), the formula (7) and the precise formula (4) in the range of 50Hz-3kHz is about 1 multiplied by 10-20。
KtThe magnitude is about 1 × 10-7The constant is a constant which does not change along with the frequency and is determined by resistance parameters, shielding structure parameters, air medium and the like, and the calculation internal matching degree of the simple formula (6), the formula (7) and the precise formula (4) in the range of 50Hz-3kHz is about 1 multiplied by 10-14。
Thus, the divider error function can be simplified as:
Figure BDA0001127731070000081
fi＝ωi 2×Kf… … … … … … … … … … … (formula 8-1)
δi＝jωi×Kt… … … … … … … … … … … (formula 8-2)
The first term in equation 8 is the divider ratio difference (equation 8-1), and the second term is the divider angle difference (equation 8-2), fiAnd deltaiRepresents the ratio difference and angular difference, omega, of any frequency point in the rangeiIndicating frequency point, Kf、KtThe constant can be obtained by measuring the specific difference and the angular difference at any frequency point under the reference standard and simply calculating according to the formula 6 and the formula 7fAnd KtAnd completing the calibration of the voltage divider in the full frequency range.
2. Verification of voltage divider error model
The angular difference measurement data of the six voltage dividers of the cited document [1] are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 angular Difference measurement data for six voltage dividers of document [1]
Figure BDA0001127731070000082
The data in the table 1 is subjected to K by adopting the mathematical model of the inventiontThe values were calculated and the results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 calculation of literature [1] using the mathematical model of the present invention]K of six voltage dividerstValue of
Figure BDA0001127731070000083
Considering the key point of the resistance voltage divider, attention needs to be paid to the frequency band of 1kHz and above, so only K is made for the frequency points of 1kHz and abovetThe results of the statistical analysis of the values are shown in Table 3 (in fact if the results are of the same order of magnitude starting from the power frequency).
TABLE 31 kHz-3 kHz calculation of KtValue analysis
Figure BDA0001127731070000091
Verification example 1:
for 120V/0.8V, after simulation and parameter matching, R1＝298K，R22K, equivalent capacitance of 30pF, R12＝0、R21＝1735Ω、R22＝265Ω，Kt＝4.49×10-8Calculating the angular difference of each frequency point, andthe actual test values were compared and the results are shown in table 4. As can be seen from the table, it is only the document [1] that the measured data is completely consistent with the actual angle difference measurement data (Table 3)]The step-up phase error provenance process produces very small deviations.
TABLE 4120V/0.8V according to KtComparing the calculated angular difference with the measured value
Figure BDA0001127731070000092
Further simulation and parameter matching are carried out on 120V/0.8V, and the equivalent capacitance is 30pF and R12＝1000、R21＝10Ω、R22＝1990ΩKt＝4.95×10-11The angular difference of each frequency point is calculated and compared with the actual test value, the result is shown in table 5, and obviously, the error ratio is shown in the document [1]]The angular difference data provided is about three orders of magnitude smaller.
TABLE 5 120V/0.8V after fine matching according to KtComparing the calculated angular difference with the measured value
Figure BDA0001127731070000093
Verification example 2:
after 480V/0.8V simulation and parameter matching, R1＝599k，R21k, equivalent capacitance of 10pF, R12＝54k、R21＝0、R22＝1000Ω、Kt＝－4.86×10-8And matching with the direct statistical data, wherein the corresponding (50-3000) Hz angular differences of the 480V/0.8V simulation data are-15.3 multiplied by 10 respectively-6rad、－153×10-6rad、－305×10-6rad、－458×10- 6rad、－610×10-6rad、－763×10-6rad and-916X 10-6rad, complete agreement of angular difference measurements above contrast, only document [1]]The step-up phase error provenance process produces very small deviations.
Then further simulating and parameter matching are carried out on 480V/0.8V, and the equivalent capacitance is 10pF and R12＝54k、R21＝90Ω、R22＝910ΩKt＝－8.11×10-11At this time, the simulated data of 480V/0.8V corresponds to (50-3000) H angle differences of-0.026 × 10-6rad、－0.255×10-6rad、－0.510×10-6rad、－0.764×10-6rad、－1.02×10-6rad、－1.27×10-6rad and-1.530X 10-6rad, error ratio document [1]The angular difference data provided is smaller by more than 2 orders of magnitude.
Three simulation test points of 5kHz, 10kHz and 100kHz, 120V/0.8V K are expandedt＝4.49×10-8In the following case: the specific differences are respectively-2.29 multiplied by 10-6、－9.15×10-6and-914X 10-6Angular differences of 1400X 10, respectively-6rad、2820×10-6rad and 28200X 10-6rad, i.e. document [1] at this time]The provided 120V/0.8V divider ratio error will not be negligible and the angular difference will become large. Document demonstrating that higher frequencies cannot be reused [1]]A method for calibrating the proportion of an alternating-current voltage divider by tracing the proportion of direct-current voltage division.
3. Design and correction steps of precision voltage divider
3.1 selection of appropriate Shielding Structure and R by experiment1、R2The parameters make the value of the judgment factor p as small as possible. Such as document [1]]480V voltage divider R1＝599k、R2＝1k、KtNegative value, 240V voltage divider R1＝598k、R2＝2k、KtThe value is positive, and proper R is selected1、R2Cooperate to obtain a smaller KtValue design, in KtThe value is the adjustment target because usually KfValue ratio KtThe value is 4-5 orders of magnitude smaller as long as KtAfter the value is selected, a smaller K is obtained simultaneously due to a smaller p valuefThe value is obtained.
3.2 after the shielding structure and the resistance parameters are selected, the resistance of the auxiliary branch circuit is finely adjusted to enable the shielding potential to move towards the direction of reducing the p value. Moving up when the value of p is positive and moving down when the value of p is negative.
3.3, or for other reasons, the resistor parameters and the shielding structure cannot be replaced, the voltage divider can be digitally corrected.
● the divider output should be switched into the operational amplifier with strict shielding protection, the operational amplifier should be broadband and frequency correction compensated, or all together solve KtCompensation is performed, but it is noted that the specific difference angular difference frequency characteristic of the operational amplifier is substantially the same order of magnitude, and compared with the voltage divider, the operational amplifier has substantial difference, and an RC constant also exists inside the operational amplifier.
● referring to the equipotential sensing voltage divider, selecting appropriate frequency point such as 1kHz, and measuring the selected voltage ratio such as 120V/0.8V to obtain the ratio difference measured value fcAngle difference measurement deltacK is calculated according to equations 6 and 7f、KtIs a reaction of Kf、KtThe arbitrary frequency point omega can be calculated by substituting the formula 8-1 and the formula 8-2iIncluding the calibration point 1kHz itself, completes the calibration of the error of the 50Hz-100kHz continuous spectrum.
Under the condition of 3.4 harmonic waves, no matter under the single-frequency or multi-frequency working condition, the invention can be adopted to obtain any frequency point omega of the resistance voltage divideriThe error of (2). The Kt value is obtained according to the angular difference data in the table 1, the error of each corresponding frequency point is calculated according to the method of the invention, and the result is shown in the table 6:
table 6 according to the reference [1]]Angular difference measurement data acquisition KtVoltage divider error of value calculation
Figure BDA0001127731070000111
As can be seen by comparing the data in Table 1, the error of the voltage divider obtained by the method of the invention is completely consistent with the actual test, and the correctness of the method is proved.
It can also be seen from fig. 2 and 3 that the voltage divider ratio difference is a signal frequency quadratic characteristic curve relation, and the angular difference is a signal frequency linear relation, and it has been assumed here that the optimum compensation matching parameter condition is satisfied.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
seventh, the invention accurately provides a frequency error model for a precision ac resistor voltage divider.
Eighth, capacitive errors due to various causes are controlled in the design of precision ac resistive voltage dividers.
Ninth, a one-point correction method is adopted to realize continuous spectrum ratio difference angle difference correction of 50Hz-100 kHz.
Tenth, the direction and magnitude of the shield potential to compensate for capacitive errors is studied.
Eleventh, it is proposed that the important characteristic p-factor of the voltage divider is independent of the frequency and the equivalent capacitance value.
Twelfth, the phase correction problem of harmonic power measurement is solved.
The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various other equivalent modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made without departing from the basic technical concept of the invention as described above, according to the common technical knowledge and conventional means in the field.

Claims (1)

1. A method for correcting an alternating current resistor voltage divider based on an equivalence principle to establish an error model comprises the following steps:
establishing a frequency error equivalent model of the alternating current resistor voltage divider:
T＝C×(R12+R21)…………………(1)
Figure FDA0002941140570000011
ω＝2πf…………………(3)
wherein:
t is a time constant;
k is the voltage division ratio of the resistance voltage divider;
c is equivalent leakage capacitance; r12Is the equivalent lower resistance of the divider resistance 1; r21Is the equivalent upper resistance of the divider resistance 2; r2Is the resistance value of the divider resistor 2; r1Is the resistance value of the divider resistor 1;
omega is angular frequency (rad), f is divider input signal frequency (Hz);
the actual voltage division ratio under the condition of alternating current is considered and is expressed by a voltage division ratio expression of a resistor voltage divider simplified by delta-Y:
Figure FDA0002941140570000012
R11is the equivalent upper resistance of the divider resistance 1; r22Is the equivalent lower resistance of the divider resistance 2;
by strict mathematical formula derivation, there is an implicit important judgment factor p in the K (ω) expression:
p＝R21×R11-R22×R12…………(5)
and further substituting the parameters of the resistance and the equivalent capacitance of the voltage divider for simulation calculation:
when p is 0, the proportional error and the angular difference of the voltage divider are zero no matter how the frequency and the equivalent capacitance change;
when p is<At 0, the proportional error of the voltage divider is positive and the absolute value is ω with increasing frequency2The relationship becomes large; the angular difference is negative and the absolute value becomes larger along with the rise of the frequency in an omega relation;
when p is>At 0, the proportional error of the voltage divider is negative and the absolute value of the voltage divider is omega with increasing frequency2The relationship becomes large; the angular difference is positive and the absolute value becomes larger along with the rise of the frequency in an omega relation;
derivation of a formula:
let a be T2×R22，b＝T×R21，c＝T2×(R11+R22)，d＝T×(R21+R22) And then:
Figure FDA0002941140570000021
a. b, c and d are intermediate parameters;
because the imaginary value in the above equation is small, the contrast difference calculation is negligible,
voltage divider ratio difference fcThe formula is as follows:
Figure FDA0002941140570000022
re (K (ω)) represents the real part of K (ω);
ignoring the high-order term error and substituting a, b, c and d into the final result, and simplifying to obtain:
Figure FDA0002941140570000023
then
Figure FDA0002941140570000024
Angular difference delta of voltage dividercThe formula is as follows:
Figure FDA0002941140570000025
ignoring the high-order term error and substituting a, b, c and d into the final result, and simplifying to obtain:
Figure FDA0002941140570000026
then
Figure FDA0002941140570000027
Thus, the error of the voltage divider can be expressed briefly as:
divider ratio difference:
fc＝ω2×Kf…………(6)
angular difference of voltage divider:
δc＝ω×Kt…………(7)
in the formula:
Kfdimension is square second(s)2)，
Figure FDA0002941140570000031
KtThe dimension is the second(s),
Figure FDA0002941140570000032
Kfthe magnitude is about 1 × 10-15The constant is determined by resistance parameters, shielding structure parameters and air medium, is constant which does not change along with frequency, and the calculation matching degree of the simple formula (6), the formula (7) and the precise formula (4) is about 1 multiplied by 10 in the range of 50Hz-3kHz-20；
KtThe magnitude is about 1 × 10-7The constant is a constant which does not change along with the frequency and is determined by resistance parameters, shielding structure parameters, air medium and the like, and the calculation internal matching degree of the simple formula (6), the formula (7) and the precise formula (4) in the range of 50Hz-3kHz is about 1 multiplied by 10-14；
Thus, the divider error function can be simplified as:
Figure FDA0002941140570000033
fi＝ωi 2×Kf… … … … … … … … … … … (formula 8-1)
δi＝jωi×Kt… … … … … … … … … … (formula 8-2)
The first term in equation 8 is the divider ratio difference (equation 8-1), and the second term is the divider angle difference (equation 8-2), fiAnd deltaiRepresents the ratio difference and angular difference, omega, of any frequency point in the rangeiIndicating frequency point, Kf、KtThe constant can be obtained by measuring the specific difference and the angular difference at any frequency point under the reference standard and simply calculating according to the formula 6 and the formula 7fAnd KtAnd completing the calibration of the voltage divider in the full frequency range.
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